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湖南省长沙市师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三下学期月考（七）英语试卷（Word版附解析）
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这是一份湖南省长沙市师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三下学期月考（七）英语试卷（Word版附解析），文件包含湖南省长沙市师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三下学期月考卷七英语试题Word版含解析docx、湖南省长沙市师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三下学期月考卷七英语试题Word版无答案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共40页， 欢迎下载使用。
英语
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例： Hw much is the shirt?
A.£ 19. 15. B. £ 9. 18. C. £ 9. 15.
答案是C。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will the speakers mst likely d?
A. Win the race.B. Take phts.C. Enjy the travel.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Grace, we are planning t attend anther event n the Great wall. Wuld yu like t jin us again?
W: I’d lve t. Last time my legs were very sre.
M: That was because last time yu wanted t win. Let’s just enjy the experience this time.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where des this cnversatin prbably take place?
A. In the htel.B. At the laundry place.C. At the clthing stre.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W : Gd afternn, sir. what can I d fr yu?
M : Yes, and I need this suit by Thursday. It has a wine spt n it, but I’m hping yu can get it ut.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What des the wman prbably d?
A. She is a dctr’s assistant.B. She is a htel clerk.C. She is a plice fficer.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M : Hell, I have an appintment with Mr. Martin. Can yu tell me where his ffice is?
W :Yes, yu can take the elevatr up t the eighteenth flr and then turn right. His ffice is next t the X-ray Department.
M :Thanks.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
When will the speakers need t leave fr the pera?
A. At 5:30 p.m.B. At 6:30 p.m.C. At 7:30 p.m.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: David, are yu excited t get t see Peking Opera?
M : Yes, I have been lking frward t it all week. What time shuld we leave?
W: The shw starts at 6:30 p.m., but it takes ne hur t get there.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What des the wman mean?
A. The cmputer is ut f date.
B. The cmputer is virus-infected.
C. The cmputer needs clearing.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: MY Cmputer is way t slw. I Only bught it a cuple f years ag .
W: Maybe it just needs t be cleaned up. The cmputer repairman can get rid f any files that yu dn’t need anymre.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What des Sphia like t add int her tea mst?
A. Milk.B. Sugar.C. Fruit.
7. What are the speakers talking abut?
A. Making tea.B. Eating sugar.C. Buying tea.
【答案】6. B 7. A
【解析】
【原文】M: I Can’t believe yu make tea like that, Sphia!
W: My mther taught me that.
M: Have yu ever tried any ther kinds f tea?
W: N. It’s the nly type f tea I have tried.
M: Well, yu are in China nw. It is time fr yu t learn hw t make sme Chinese tea. Hw abut if we start with different kinds f tea that yu can try? What d yu like?
W: I just drink black tea. Then I add sugar and milk. I like t add a lt f sugar. My brthers and sisters make it the same way as I d.
M: Okay, I will get sme sweet tea fr yu t have a taste. Once we find what yu like, I will shw yu hw t make it.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. Hw des the man chse classes accrding t the wman?
A. By skill level.B. By age.C. By height.
9. What des the man ask the wman t d?
A. D sme training.
B. Intrduce sme martial arts.
C. Arrange a Tai Chi bservatin class.
【答案】8. A 9. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Hell, thank yu fr calling the Base Gym. Hw can help yu?
M : Hi, am interested in signing up fr a Tai chi class.
W: Okay. We have fur different classes fr Tai chi. It depends n yur skill level. Have yu had any experience befre?
M: N, I Will be a beginner. I’ve never dne any types f martial arts befre. I just want t try smething dif-ferent. D yu have a class culd just watch t see if I Wuld like it?
W: Yes, I can set up a time fr Yu t meet ur trainer. His name is Mike. He has a class n Thursday night fr beginners.
M: Well, that sunds nice. Thank yu .
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. Why did the z build a new mnkey park?
A. It was t small fr the additinal mnkeys.
B It needed a treehuse t be mre interesting.
C. The z needed t change its park t get mre visitrs.
11. What activity des the man seem t be mst interested in?
A. Watching the turtles.B. Watching the mnkeys.C. Feeding the turtles.
12. Where may this cnversatin take place?
A. In the park.B. In a car.C. In the z.
【答案】10. A 11. C 12. B
【解析】
【原文】M : Anna, what wuld yu like t see when we get t the z?
W: I Want t see the mnkeys. It has 20 new mnkeys. The park was t small fr all f them, s the Z made a bigger ne. It’s nw called the Lst Frest. Yu can climb a ladder and watch them frm a tree-huse.
M: That sunds fun. If there is a new park in the Z, the wrkers may be very busy. If we cannt see the mnkeys，what else wuld yu like t see?
W: I Want t g t the aquarium and watch the turtles. MY friend tld me that there are tw kinds f turtles based n what they eat. Fr example, the plant-based turtles can eat sweet ptates, cabbage and green beans. we can als watch them swim and play.
M: That sunds wnderful. I Want t feed them, which attracts me mt.
W: Me, t. I can’t wait t get there. I’m s excited! It’s really a pity that we are caught in a traffic jam.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. What is the relatinship between the speakers?
A. Friends.B. Neighbrs.C. Plice and witness.
14. When did Mr. Smith see the rbber?
A. When he drve n his way t wrk.
B. When he walked n his way hme.
C. When he tk a walk in a park.
15. What was the rbber wearing?
A. Blue jeans.B. A yellw hat.C. Brwn shes.
16 What is the wman’s last questin abut the rbber?
A. The weapns he had.
B. The clr f his clthes.
C. His figure.
【答案】13. C 14. B 15. A 16. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Thank yu fr cming dwn tday, Mr. smith. wuld Yu like a cup f tea?
M: N, thank yu.
W: Okay, Mr. smith. Please tell us what yu experienced n the night f March 15th.
M: Well, I usually drive hme. But my car happened t be in a repair shp that day when was walking hme frm wrk that night I saw a yung lady taking a walk in the park. Suddenly, a guy with a black mask came ut f nwhere and grabbed her bag.
W: Did the rbber have a knife?
M: I didn’t see any weapns. He pushed the lady dwn t the grund and ran away.
W: Did yu see what else he was wearing?
M: He had a brwn hat n and was wearing blue jeans and yellw shes.
W: D yu still remember hw tall he is? What type f build des he have?
M: Let me see. He seems t be a little taller and a little heavier than me. I’m five feet tall and I Weigh 180 punds.
W: That’s very helpful Mr. Smith. Thank yu.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. What d we knw abut Vikings’ beliefs abut teeth?
A. They value the teeth a lt.
B. They think teeth are gd weapns.
C. They think teeth shuldn’t be buried.
18. Why des the speaker mentin ld Eurpean traditins?
A. T shw the cnnectin between Vikings and tth care.
B. T shw the cnnectin between teeth and gd luck.
C. T shw the cnnectin between teeth and animals.
19. Hw many animals des the speaker mentin related t the Tth Fairy tale?
A. Three.B. Fur.C. Five.
20. Hw can the Tth Fairy tale help children accrding t the speaker?
A. It can entertain them.
B. It helps them take tth care seriusly.
C. It makes children lve the stry.
【答案】17. A 18. B 19. C 20. B
【解析】
【原文】A Study dne in the United States fund that the average child receives $ 3. 70 per tth. ften the stry ges smething like this: children put their lst teeth under a pillw and receive mney in exchange. Tday we will discuss sme different aspects f the Tth Fairy. In early Eurpean traditins a child’s lst tth was buried. Families believed that this culd save their child frm a hard life in their next life. Vikings used t take their children’s lst teeth in battle fr gd luck and sme peple buried their teeth ut f fear f witches. These were sme earlier ideas that cnnected teeth with gd luck. The current tale f a Tth Fairy usually invlves an animal. There are many different versins depending n culture and time. The mst cmmn theme is assciated with a muse r a rabbit, but thers include cats , dgs , and even squirrels. The reasns fr the different animals vary. Fr example, a muse has been cnnected t the Tth Fairy tale because its teeth cntinue t grw fr the entire life. Regardless f the backgrund f the Tth Fairy, it prvides great educatin fr children t take care f their teeth. It als helps peple pay attentin t tth care in a psitive and fun way.
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Experts have gathered and ranked the tp 4 electric car cmpanies.
Tesla Mtrs
Tesla Mtrs was respnsible fr breaking the EV market pen fr widespread adptin, and it’s currently the mst ppular electric car maker by a healthy margin. While the Tesla Radster was the first t arrive, it was the mre practical Mdel S sedan that tk the autmaker t the next level. It established many Tesla hall-marks, frm the large inftainment tablet t lng battery range t seat-pinning acceleratin.
Frd Mtr Cmpany
Frd dipped its tes int the EV wrld with the Frd Fcus Electric, but it had a shrt range. Frd made a bigger splash with the intrductin f the Mustang Mach-E fr the 2021 mdel year. The adptin f the Mus-tang name by an electric SUV initially riled up Mustang purists, but nce the dust settled, the Mach-E prved t be ne f ur favrite EVs.
General Mtrs
General Mtrs gt its start making mdern EVs in the late 1990s with the infamus EV1. It was a small electric car that was perhaps ahead f its time given that neither the market nr the charging infrastructure ex-isted. The autmaker launched the Chevrlet Blt EV in 2017. It came nt the market after the success f the lw-cst Nissan Leaf and grundbreaking Tesla Mdel S.
Hyundai Mtrs
Hyundai and its sister cmpany, Kia, are Suth Krean autmakers that have made big strides in the EV wrld in recent years. They started with the Hyundai Kna Electric and the Kia Nir EV, which were electric versins f existing gas-pwered vehicles. The autmakers’ next pair f electric SUVs will make a splash with their retr and futuristic styling.
21. Whse EV has a feature f seat-pinning acceleratin?
A. Tesla Mtrs.B. Frd Mtr Cmpany.
C. General Mtrs.D. Hyundai Mtrs.
22. What is special with Hyundai Mtrs?
A. It’s the pineer fr EV.B. It’s a Suth Krean cmpany.
C. It’s the mst ppular EV maker.D. Its gas-pwered SUVs lk very futuristic.
23. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T prmte the sales f EVs.
B. T entertain readers with sme ppular EVs.
C. T shw the authr’s preferences fr sme EVs.
D. T intrduce tp electric car cmpanies and their EVs.
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了四家顶级电动汽车公司以及生产的电动汽车的特征。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Tesla Mtrs中的“It established many Tesla hall-marks, frm the large inftainment tablet t lng battery range t seat-pinning acceleratin.”（ 它奠定了特斯拉的许多标志，从大型信息娱乐平板电脑到长电池续航里程，再到座椅固定加速。）可知，Tesla Mtrs有座椅固定加速。故选A项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hyundai Mtrs中的“Hyundai and its sister cmpany, Kia, are Suth Krean autmakers that have made big strides in the EV wrld in recent years.”（现代及其姊妹公司起亚(Kia)是近年来在电动汽车领域取得重大进展的韩国汽车制造商。）可知，Hyundai Mtrs是一家韩国公司。故选B项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Experts have gathered and ranked the tp 4 electric car cmpanies.”（ 专家们聚集在一起，对四大电动汽车公司进行了排名）以及对四家公司车型的介绍可知，短文的目的是介绍了四家顶级电动汽车公司以及其生产的电动汽车的特征。故选D项。
B
This Christmas, Renate Bell, 56, will spend the hliday taking care f her neighbr’s dgs in Easthamptn, Mass. It’s the same way she spent Thanksgiving. Withut any family r clse friends nearby, hlidays can be an especially lnely time, she said. Fr her, pet sitting is a jy, and ne way that she cpes with slitude.
“I knw a number f peple,” she said. “But they are nt necessarily peple I wuld call up t say, ‘Let’s g hang ut.” Ms. Bell wns a medical billing business that ften requires lng hurs at hme, which cntributes t her islatin. “I dn’t have any life, and I need t find that balance”, she said. But taking friendships t the next level can be difficult, Ms. Bell added. Smetimes, she admitted, she feels “inadequate” — like an ut-sider.
It’s cncerning, then, that mre than half f Americans say they are lnely, accrding t a 2021 pll. “We all feel lnely at times just like we all feel hunger r thirst,” Dr. Murthy, a psychlgist frm NYU, said. “There is n reasn t be ashamed f being human.” Even thse wh have plenty f friends can experience lneliness.
Building relatinships takes time. Try nt t expect t much initially. “Often it takes a series f encunters,” said Charles T. Hill, a prfessr f scial psychlgy at Whittier Cllege. As yu get t knw peple, ask yurself: Wh can I cnnect with at a deep level? Wh will be there fr me? Mre ften than nt, we tend t cnnect with thse wh share cmmnalities with us. “If yu’re a bkwrm, dn’t expect yur next best buddy at the bar,” said Luise Hawkley, a research scientist wh studies lneliness at NORC, a scial research rganizatin at the University f Chicag.
Vlunteering is als a way t braden ur scial netwrks that can feel less anxiety- prvking than, say, shwing up at a party. In a study f 10,000 vlunteers in Britain, abut tw-thirds agreed that vlunteering had helped them feel less islated.
“Lnely peple have mre cntrl ver the situatin than they think they d,” Dr. Hawkley said.
24. What d we knw abut Ms. Bell?
A. She is a successful and independent entrepreneur.
B. She always puts her jb befre her family and friends.
C. She lngs t build deeper cnnectins with peple.
D. She prefers dgs t humans n hliday ccasins.
25. Which statement might Dr. Murthy agree n?
A. Lnely peple are mre likely t feel starved.
B. Lneliness is a universal human experience.
C. Feeling embarrassed f lneliness is unavidable.
D. Denying lneliness cntributes t better self-esteem.
26. T imprve the quality f scial cnnectins, ne is encuraged t d the fllwing EXCEPT ________.
A. lwering their expectatin and being patientB. ging t parties as ften as pssible
C. scializing with peple wh share cmmn interestsD. ffering supprt t smene else
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Hw t kill slitude fr gdB. Lneliness: nt the end f the wrld
C. A friend in need is a friend indeedD. T scialize r nt t scialize — that is a questin
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. B 27. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们都会感到孤独的现状，并指出研究者认为孤独是人类常态，还提供了解决孤独的办法。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Fr her, pet sitting is a jy, and ne way that she cpes with slitude. (对她来说，照看宠物是一种乐趣，也是她应对孤独的一种方式)”以及第二段“Ms. Bell wns a medical billing business that ften requires lng hurs at hme, which cntributes t her islatin. (Bell女士拥有一家医疗账单公司，她经常需要长时间呆在家里，这导致了她的孤独感)”可知，Ms Bell 感到孤独，并渴望化解这样的孤独，与人建立更深联系。故选C。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段““We all feel lnely at times just like we all feel hunger r thirst,” Dr. Murthy, a psychlgist frm NYU, said. “There is n reasn t be ashamed f being human.” Even thse wh have plenty f friends can experience lneliness. (“我们都会感到孤独，就像我们都会感到饥饿或口渴一样。没有理由为身为人类而感到羞耻。”纽约大学的心理学家Murthy博士说。即使是那些有很多朋友的人也会感到孤独)”可知，Murthy博士认为大家都会感到孤独，这是很正常的事情。由此可知，他会同意“孤独是一种普遍的人类体验”的观点。故选B。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Building relatinships takes time. Try nt t expect t much initially. (建立关系需要时间。一开始不要期望太多)”和“As yu get t knw peple, ask yurself: Wh can I cnnect with at a deep level? Wh will be there fr me? Mre ften than nt, we tend t cnnect with thse wh share cmmnalities with us. (当你开始了解别人的时候，问问自己：我能和谁建立深层次的联系？谁会支持我？通常情况下，我们倾向于与那些与我们有共同之处的人联系)”以及第五段“Vlunteering is als a way t braden ur scial netwrks that can feel less anxiety- prvking than, say, shwing up at a party. (志愿服务也是一种拓宽我们的社交网络的方式，它不会像出现在聚会上那样让人感到那么焦虑)”可知，作者的建议包括尽量不要期望太高，且保持耐心，与那些与我们有共同点的人建立联系，以及做志愿工作，帮助他人，不包括“尽可能多地参加聚会”。故选B。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了人们都会感到孤独的现状，并指出研究者认为孤独是人类常态，还提供了解决孤独的办法。由此可知，文章的中心是孤独并不可怕，有很多在我们能力范围内可以解决的办法。B选项“孤独：不是世界末日”最适合作文章标题。故选B。
C
D yu find yurself feeling dwn in the winter mnths? Yu’re nt alne. As the days grw shrter, the American Psychiatric Assciatin estimates that abut 5% f Americans will experience a frm f depressin knwn as seasnal affective disrder, r SAD.
Peple experiencing SAD tend t have feelings f hpelessness, decreased mtivatin t take part in activities they generally enjy, and laziness. Even thse wh dn’t meet the clinical threshld(阈值) fr this disrder may see increases in anxiety and depressive symptms; in fact, sme estimates suggest mre than 40% f Americans experience these symptms t sme degree in the winter mnths.
Scientists link SAD and mre general increases in depressin in the winter t decreased expsure t sunlight, which leads t lwer levels f the neurtransmitter sertnin (血清素). Cnsistent with the idea that sunlight plays a key rle, SAD tends t be mre cmmn in mre nrthern regins f the wrld, like Scandina-via and Alaska, where the days are shrtest and the winters lngest.
Humans, special as we may be, are nt unique in shwing sme f these seasnally linked changes. Fr instance, ur primate (灵长目动物) relative the Rhesus macaque (恒河猴) shws seasnal declines in md. Sme scientists have nted that SAD shws many similarities t hibernatin the lng snze during which brwn bears, grund squirrels and many ther species turn dwn their metablism (新陈代谢) and skip ut n the wrst f winter. SAD may have its rts in adaptatins that cnserve energy at a time f year when fd was typically in shrt supply and when lwer temperatures pse greater energetic demands n the bdy.
Like many ther animals, we t are seasnal creatures. In the winter, peple eat mre and mve less. Yu may feel a bit mre lifeless, while als being kinder t thers and having an easier time paying attentin. As psychlgists and ther scientists research these kinds f seasnal effects, it may turn ut that the nes we knw abut s far are nly the tip f the iceberg.
28. Which f the fllwing symptms is unlikely t be cnnected with SAD?
A. Feeling desperate.B. Lack f mtivatin.
C. Sleep disrder.D. Lss f habitats.
29. SAD may result frm ____.
A. cld climateB. warm sunshine
C. sufficient fdD. psychlgical reactin
30. What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A. The evlutin f animals.B. The harsh cnditins fr animals.
C. The ptential cause f SAD.D. The change f seasns.
31. Which f the fllwing methds might relieve peple f SAD?
A. Decreasing the amunt f sleep.B. Receiving light therapies.
C. Staying less fcused.D. Shwing indifference t thers.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是季节性情感抑郁症（SAD）的部分症状以及形成原因，而且通过对比分析指出季节性抑郁症并非人类独有，有些动物为了适应气候变冷而通过冬眠或新陈代谢来度过寒冷的冬天。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Peple experiencing SAD tend t have feelings f hpelessness, decreased mtivatin t take part in activities they generally enjy, and laziness. Even thse wh dn’t meet the clinical threshld(阈值) fr this disrder may see increases in anxiety and depressive symptms; (患有SAD的人往往会感到绝望，缺乏参加他们通常喜欢的活动的动力，并且懒惰。即使那些没有达到临床阈值的人也可能会出现焦虑和抑郁症状的增加；)”可知患有SAD的人往往会感到绝望，缺乏参加他们通常喜欢的活动的动力，并且懒惰，C项Sleep disrder(睡眠紊乱)是人焦虑的明显表现，D项Lss f habitats.(栖息地的丧失)不是情感抑郁症的表现。故选D项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Scientists link SAD and mre general increases in depressin in the winter t decreased expsure t sunlight, which leads t lwer levels f the neurtransmitter sertnin (血清素).(科学家将SAD和冬季抑郁症的普遍增加与日照减少有关，日照减少会导致神经递质血清素水平降低。)”以及“Cnsistent with the idea that sunlight plays a key rle, SAD tends t be mre cmmn in mre nrthern regins f the wrld(与阳光起关键作用的观点一致，SAD在世界上更北部的地区更常见)”可知SAD与日照减少有关，尤其是在阳光缺少的地方更常见，所以SAD可能是由寒冷的气候导致的。故选A项。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第四段开头“Humans, special as we may be, are nt unique in shwing sme f these seasnally linked changes.(人类虽然很特别，但并不是只有人类表现出这些与季节有关的变化。)”以及最后“SAD may have its rts in adaptatins that cnserve energy at a time f year when fd was typically in shrt supply and when lwer temperatures pse greater energetic demands n the bdy.( SAD的根源可能是在一年中食物通常短缺的时候，当较低的温度对身体产生更大的能量需求时，身体会适应保存能量。)”可知SAD并不是人类所独有的，动物们也会患有SAD，通过举例作者指出SAD的产生可能是人与动物对于寒冷冬天食物短缺的适应，所以第四段主要谈论的是SAD产生的可能原因。故选C项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Scientists link SAD and mre general increases in depressin in the winter t decreased expsure t sunlight,(科学家将SAD和冬季抑郁症的普遍增加与日照减少联系起来，)”以及文章其他段落内容可知SAD的主要是SAD与日照减少有关，尤其是在阳光缺少的地方更常见，所以减轻SAD的有效的方法应该是尽可能多地晒太阳或尝试光治疗。故选B项。
D
Caribbean bx jellyfish (水母) can learn t spt and avid bstacles (障碍) despite lacking a central brain, accrding t a new study. This is the first evidence that jellyfish can d smething called assciative learning. The nervus systems f Caribbean bx jellyfish are fairly simple, including fur “rhpalia (视神经束)”n a jellyfish’s bdy, each f which has six “eyes”, by which the jellyfish judge a mangrve rt’s distance based n hw dark it lks cmpared t the water and make their way rund it. In cmmn waters, nearby rts have high cntrast. Only distant rts fade int the backgrund. But in murky waters, even near-by rts can blend int their surrundings and have lw cntrast. The researchers wndered if Caribbean bx jellyfish culd learn that lw-cntrast bjects-which might at first seem distant-were actually clse by.
T find ut, the team put 12 jellyfish int a rund water tank. The tank was surrunded by lw-cntrast gray and white stripes (条纹), which might appear t a jellyfish like rts in clear water. A camera filmed the animals fr abut seven minutes. At first, they seemed t see the gray stripes as distant rts and swam away, ending up bumping the tank wall. But thse cllisins (碰撞) seemed t lead the jellyfish t recnsider the stripes. Sn, the creatures treated the gray stripes mre like clse rts in murky water-and avided them.
This suggests that the rhpalia alne can learn that seemingly distant, lw-cntrast bjects are in fact clse enugh t avid. That, in turn, hints that these nerve centers are behind Caribbean bx jellyfish learning.
“That’s the clest part f the paper,” says Ken Cheng, a bilgist at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. “That gets us ne step dwn int the wiring f hw it wrks.” Fr Gaëlle Bttn-Amit, tracing learning t the rhpalia raises new questins. “They have fur f these things in their bdies. S hw des that wrk?” asks this neurbilgist. If a jellyfish lses ne f its rhpalia, des it frget everything thse eyes saw and the neurns had learned? Or d the ther rhpalia remember it?
32. Jellyfish are able t avid bstacles because ______.
A. they use brain cells t prcess infrmatin gathered
B. they rely n different levels f visual signal input
C. they have unique rgans t measure the distance
D. they are driven by excellent survival instinct
33. Which f the fllwing wrds has the clsest meaning t the underlined wrd in paragraph 1?
A. Unusual.B. Cludy.C. Deep.D. Rapid.
34. What can we infer frm paragraphs 2 and 3?
A. Jellyfish usually tend t be scared ff by the gray clr.
B. Jellyfish tend t cmpare stripes with mangrve rts.
C. Stimulatin in cntrlled envirnment backed the finding.
D. Rhpalia are in cntrl f the jellyfish’s memry system.
35. Which can be the best title fr the article?
A. N brain, n gain? Denies the jellyfish
B. Unique “eyes” help jellyfish survive
C. Evlutin f learning: frm nerve t brain
D. White r gray? Creature’s decisin-making
【答案】32. B 33. B 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个研究团队通过实验证明水母没有脑子也可以获取信息，学会发现和避开障碍物。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The nervus systems f Caribbean bx jellyfish are fairly simple, including fur “rhpalia” n a jellyfish’s bdy, each f which has six “eyes”, by which the jellyfish judge a mangrve rt’s distance based n hw dark it lks cmpared t the water and make their way rund it.(加勒比箱形水母的神经系统相当简单，包括水母身上的四个“视神经束”，每个“视神经束”都有六只“眼睛”，水母根据红树林根部与水面相比的黑暗程度来判断红树林根部的距离，并绕过它)”可知，水母能够避开障碍物，因为它们依赖不同水平的视觉信号输入。故选B项。
【33题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章划线词上句“In cmmn waters, nearby rts have high cntrast. Only distant rts fade int the backgrund.(在普通水域，附近的根有很高的对比度。只有遥远的根隐没在背景中。)”及划线词所在句子“even near-by rts can blend int their surrundings and have lw cntrast.(即使是附近的根部也可能融入周围环境，具有较低的对比度)”可猜测，是在浑浊的水域中，近处的物体也显现出低对比度，故划线词与cludy“浑浊的，不清澈的”意义相近。故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“T find ut, the team put 12 jellyfish int a rund water tank. The tank was surrunded by lw-cntrast gray and white stripes (条纹), which might appear t a jellyfish like rts in clear water. A camera filmed the animals fr abut seven minutes. At first, they seemed t see the gray stripes as distant rts and swam away, ending up bumping the tank wall. But thse cllisins (碰撞) seemed t lead the jellyfish t recnsider the stripes. Sn, the creatures treated the gray stripes mre like clse rts in murky water-and avided them.(为了找到答案，研究小组将12只水母放入一个圆形水箱中。水箱周围是低对比度的灰色和白色条纹，对水母来说，这些条纹可能看起来像清澈水中的根。一台摄像机拍摄了这些动物大约七分钟。起初，它们似乎把灰色条纹视为远处的树根，于是游走了，最后撞到了水箱的墙壁上。但这些碰撞似乎让水母重新考虑这些条纹。很快，这些生物就把这些灰色的条纹更像是在浑浊的水中紧密的根——它们避开了它们。)”及第三段中“This suggests that the rhpalia alne can learn that seemingly distant, lw-cntrast bjects are in fact clse enugh t avid. That, in turn, hints that these nerve centers are behind Caribbean bx jellyfish learning.(这表明，水母仅凭视神经束就能知道看似遥远、对比度低的物体实际上足够近，可以避开。这一点进而暗示，这些神经中枢是加勒比箱水母进行学习的幕后主导)”可知，实验中的受控环境中的刺激支持这一发现。故选C项。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。结合全文及文章第一段“Caribbean bx jellyfish can learn t spt and avid bstacles despite lacking a central brain, accrding t a new study.(一项新的研究表明，尽管加勒比箱形水母缺乏中枢大脑，但它可以学会发现和避开障碍物)”可知，文章主要介绍了一个研究团队通过实验证明水母没有脑子也可以获取信息，学会发现和避开障碍物，故A项“没有头脑，就没有收获？水母否认这一点”适合作为文章的标题。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Cities are diverse ecsystems. Sme wild animals becme regular visitrs t ur cities, such as cy-tes (丛林狼) in Ls Angeles r bars (野猪) in Berlin. ___36___As ur cities spread, we need t think abut what it is like fr ther species t have human neighbrs.
___37___They d nt always prvide suitable habitats fr wildlife. Fr example, mst city parks are kept neat and tidy s that humans will find them beautiful. But when we cut grass r plant flwers, we destry natural habitats.
Our actins smetimes help ther species. When a bridge in Austin Texas was repaired, engineers added small gaps running alng the length f its bttm. This made a gd hme fr bats, and sn the bridge was the hme f thusands f bats. At first, peple were afraid f the bats and tried t get rid f them. ___38___ The bats are a turist attractin, and they eat lts f bugs every night.
There are als structures built with the aim f bringing wildlife int the city. The Beijing Olympic Frest Park is a gd example. The park used native plants and created pen, natural spaces fr wildlife. The result is a zne in Beijing with ver 160 species f birds. ___39___Instead f being kept in cages, wildlife can mve abut freely. Smetimes, the visitrs can encunter a gaggle f geese walking n the bank r swimming in the water leisurely.
While cities pse challenges fr wildlife, they are finding ways t adapt and thrive in urban envirnments. As humans, it is imprtant t take measures t prevent cnflicts and appreciate the presence f them. ___40___ And ur wn future will be endangered.
A. Cities are built fr humans.
B. The park is intended t prtect birds.
C. If we d nt, mre species will becme extinct.
D. In many ways, the park is the ppsite f a z.
E. Als, a large number f species share ur urban areas.
F. Nw, they have cme t value their winged neighbrs.
G. Sn, the bats are adaptable and can thrive in human-built structures.
【答案】36. E 37. A 38. F 39. D 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了城市是多种多样的生态系统，有很多物种与我们公用城市区域。我们要保护自然栖息地，为野生动物提供合适的生存空间。
【36题详解】
根据上文“Sme wild animals becme regular visitrs t ur cities, such as cy-tes (丛林狼) in Ls Angeles r bars (野猪) in Berlin. (一些野生动物成为我们城市的常客，例如洛杉矶的丛林狼或柏林的野猪。)”可知，一些野生动物会到城市地区，与E项“Als, a large number f species share ur urban areas. (此外，许多物种共享我们的城市地区。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选E项。
【37题详解】
根据下文“They d nt always prvide suitable habitats fr wildlife. (它们并不总是为野生动物提供合适的栖息地。)”可知，城市并不是为野生动物提供栖息地而建的，是为人类而建的，与A项“Cities are built fr humans. (城市是为人类而建的。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选A项。
【38题详解】
根据前文“At first, peple were afraid f the bats and tried t get rid f them. (起初，人们害怕蝙蝠并试图摆脱它们。)”及下文“The bats are a turist attractin, and they eat lts f bugs every night. (蝙蝠是一个旅游景点，它们每天晚上都吃很多虫子。)”可知，从人们一开始害怕蝙蝠到后来蝙蝠成了旅游景点，所以人们开始重视蝙蝠，与F项“Nw, they have cme t value their winged neighbrs. (现在，他们开始重视他们有翅膀的邻居。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选F项。
【39题详解】
根据前文“The park used native plants and created pen, natural spaces fr wildlife. The result is a zne in Beijing with ver 160 species f birds. (该公园使用本地植物，为野生动物创造了开放的自然空间。其结果是在北京形成了一个拥有160多种鸟类的区域。)”与下文“Instead f being kept in cages, wildlife can mve abut freely. (野生动物可以自由活动，而不是被关在笼子里。)”可知，北京奥林匹克森林公园将野生动物带入城市，并且野生动物不是被关在笼子里的，说明该公园与动物园是不一样的，与D项“In many ways, the park is the ppsite f a z. (在许多方面，公园与动物园相反。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选D项。
【40题详解】
根据上文“As humans, it is imprtant t take measures t prevent cnflicts and appreciate the presence f them. (作为人类，重要的是采取措施来预防冲突并珍惜它们的存在。)”及下文“And ur wn future will be endangered. (我们自己的未来将受到威胁。)”可知，如果我们不采取措施预防冲突就会有更多的物种灭绝，与C项“If we d nt, mre species will becme extinct. (如果我们不这样做，更多的物种将灭绝。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选C项。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’m nw the chef and wner f a restaurant. Nthing in my early years led me t ___41___ my life wuld cnnect t fd and cking deeply. My family did eat tgether ften; we had a ___42___ that my grandmther cked the weekly big meal n weekends, but fd was hardly the ___43___ f my family’s stry. After I entered cllege, I was still ___44___ abut what I wanted t d. Maybe I was suppsed t ___45___ the crwd, getting a decent jb, like in medicine r smething similar.
When accepting the jb assisting cks after finishing cllege, I just ___46___ t pay my rent. That didn’t ___47___ any big life plans. Hwever, as I wrked lnger, the fd wrld shwed me amazing ___48___ .
T little salt, and a dish is ___49___ t be “tasteless”. A bit lemn juice helps prevent cut apples and peaches frm turning brwn and ___50___ their appealing clrs. The lessn that small things matter reminds me t never ___51___ tiny stuff in all parts f life. Als, wrking with fd teaches me t really taste, smell and tuch. I learn t bserve my ___52___, watching ways birds land, the grwth f trees alng rads... and ___53___ wnders in everyday life. ___54___ , I head dwn my wn path, which is ___55___ frm ging t medical schl as my parents did, but gives my life purpse and directin.
41.
A expectB. wnderC. dubtD. admit
42.
A. suggestinB. traditinC. pleasureD. desire
43.
A. secretB. trubleC. witnessD. center
44.
A. unclearB. restlessC. uncncernedD. careless
45.
A. leaveB. accmpanyC. fllwD. gather
46.
A. happenedB. prmisedC. fferedD. intended
47.
A. replaceB. affectC. inspireD. prevent
48.
A. pprtunityB. wisdmC. memriesD. skills
49.
A. easyB. fitC. trueD. bund
50.
A. restreB. hideC. preserveD. change
51.
A. verlkB. judgeC. keepD. wrry
52.
A. surrundingsB. imprvementsC. decisinsD. differences
53.
A. keep awayB. shw upC. cme acrssD. bring abut
54.
A. Even sB. Abve allC. InsteadD. Anyway
55.
A. freeB. absentC. separateD. distinct
【答案】41. A 42. B 43. D 44. A 45. C 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. C 51. A 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了食物和烹饪的智慧以及烹饪对作者的影响。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我早年的生活中，没有什么能让我预料我的生活能与食物和烹饪深深地联系在一起。A. expect预料；B. wnder想知道；C. dubt怀疑；D. admit承认。根据下文“Maybe I was suppsed t ___5___ the crwd, getting a decent jb, like in medicine r smething similar.”可知，作者没有预料自己会与食物和烹饪深深地联系在一起。故选A。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的家人确实经常一起吃饭；我们有一个传统，我祖母在周末做每周一顿的大餐，但食物并不是我家故事的中心。A. suggestin建议；B. traditin传统；C. pleasure高兴；D. desire欲望。根据下文“that my grandmther cked the weekly big meal n weekends,”以及语境可知，祖母在周末做每周一顿的大餐是作者家的传统。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的家人确实经常一起吃饭；我们有一个传统，我祖母在周末做每周一顿的大餐，但食物并不是我家故事的中心。A. secret秘密；B. truble麻烦；C. witness目击者；D. center中心。根据上文“we had a ___2___ that my grandmther cked the weekly big meal n weekends”以及空前的“but”可知，前后形成转折关系，祖母会在周末做每周的大餐，但食物并不是作者家的故事的中心。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：进入大学后，我仍然不清楚自己想做什么。A. unclear不清楚的；B. restless不安宁的；C. uncncerned不关心的；D. careless粗心的。根据下文“Maybe I was suppsed t ___5___ the crwd, getting a decent jb, like in medicine r smething similar.”可知，此处表示作者仍然不清楚自己想做什么。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许我应该随大流，找到一份体面的工作，比如医学或类似的工作。A. leave离开；B. accmpany陪伴；C. fllw跟随；D. gather聚集。根据上文“After I entered cllege, I was still ___4___ abut what I wanted t d.”以及下文“the crwd, getting a decent jb, like in medicine r smething similar.”可知，作者还不清楚自己想做什么，此处表示作者想自己可能应该随大流。故选C。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我大学毕业后接受助理厨师的工作时，我只是想支付我的房租。A. happened碰巧；B. prmised承诺；C. ffered提供；D. intended想要。根据下文“t pay my rent. That didn’t ___7___ any big life plans”以及语境可知，此处表示作者接受助理厨师的工作只是想要支付房租。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这并没有激发任何重大的人生计划。A. replace代替；B. affect影响；C. inspire激发；D. prevent阻止。根据下文“Hwever, as I wrked lnger, the fd wrld shwed me amazing ___8___ .”可知，句子前后表示转折关系，所以此处表示作者之前接受的助理厨师工作并没有激发任何重大的人生计划。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着我工作时间的延长，食品世界向我展示了惊人的智慧。A. pprtunity机会；B. wisdm智慧；C. memries记忆；D. skills技能。根据下文“The lessn that small things matter reminds me t never ___11___ tiny stuff in all parts f life.”可知，此处表示食品向作者展示了惊人的智慧。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：盐太少，一道菜一定会“无味”。A. easy容易的；B. fit健康的；C. true真正的；D. bund肯定的。根据上文“T little salt, and a dish is”以及常识可知，盐少了，菜一定会是无味的。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一点柠檬汁有助于防止切开的苹果和桃子变成棕色，并保持它们诱人的颜色。A. restre恢复；B. hide掩盖；C. preserve保持；D. change改变。根据上文“A bit lemn juice helps prevent cut apples and peaches frm turning brwn and”可知，一点柠檬汁可以使切开的苹果和桃子保持诱人的颜色。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：小事很重要这一教训提醒我，永远不要忽视生活中各个方面的小事。A. verlk忽略，忽视；B. judge判断；C. keep保持；D. wrry担心。根据上文“The lessn that small things matter reminds me t never”以及语境可知，小事很重要，此处表示不要忽视小事。故选A。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我学会观察周围的环境，观察鸟类降落的方式，道路两旁树木的生长……并在日常生活中遇到奇迹。A. surrundings环境；B. imprvements改善；C. decisins决定；D. differences不同。根据下文“watching ways birds land, the grwth f trees alng rads...”可知，此处表示作者学会观察周围的环境。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我学会观察周围的环境，观察鸟类降落的方式，道路两旁树木的生长……并在日常生活中遇到奇迹。A. keep away远离；B. shw up显现出来；C. cme acrss偶然遇见；D. bring abut导致，引起。根据下文“wnders in everyday life”以及语境可知，此处表示遇见生活中的奇迹。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查副词和固定短语辨析。句意：最重要的是，我走上了自己的道路，这与我父母上医学院不同，但给了我人生的目标和方向。A. Even s即使如此；B. Abve all最重要的是；C. Instead相反；D. Anyway无论怎样。根据上文“Als, wrking with fd teaches me t really taste, smell and tuch. I learn t bserve my ___12___ , watching ways birds land, the grwth f trees alng rads... and ___13___ wnders in everyday life.”以及下文“I head dwn my wn path, which is ___15___ frm ging t medical schl as my parents did, but gives my life purpse and directin.”可知，作者在讲述自己从事厨师职业的两个感悟。Als后接第一个感悟，此处应为第二个感悟，为递进关系。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查形容词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，我走上了自己的道路，这与我父母上医学院不同，但给了我人生的目标和方向。A. free自由的；B. absent缺少的；C. separate分离的；D. distinct明显不同的。根据上文“I’m nw the chef and wner f a restaurant.”可知，作者是一家餐馆的厨师兼老板，和父母上医学院明显不同。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What wuld we bserve if we traveled at the speed f light? This is a questin Albert Einstein asked him-self at the age f 16. Imagining himself ___56___ (pursue) a beam f light, he reasned that he shuld bserve such a beam f light as an electrmagnetic field at rest. This intuitive thinking came ___57___ (knw) as ne f Einstein’s mst famus thught experiments, which take place in the imaginatin.
While the term “thught experiment” riginated in the 19th century, the use f thught experiments can be traced much further back, ___58___ ancient philsphers used them t explre difficult questins. Abut 2,500 years ag, Chinese philspher Zhuangzi recrded ne f the earliest thught experiments: if yu cut a lng stick in half and then cut the ___59___ (remain) part in tw each fllwing day, yu will never finish cutting it.
As we explre the wrld in greater ___60___ (deep), we may reach a pint where it is impssible t run an ___61___ (experiment) scenari (设想) in the real wrld due t varius limitatins. In such circumstances, we mve int the area f thught experiments, which functin as ___62___ valuable means t test the limits f ur knwledge and advance ur understanding f the wrld.
Thrughut histry, thught experiments ___63___ (cntribute) t the develpment f scientific theries. Thught experiments are nt always abut prving smething right ___64___ wrng with a definite answer. Instead, by making abstract, cmplex ideas mre cncrete and accessible, thught experiments can stimulate debate and lead t a mre thrugh understanding f the tpic ____65____questin.
【答案】56. pursuing
57. t be knwn
58. when 59. remaining
60. depth 61. experimental
62. a 63. have cntributed
64. r 65. in
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了直觉思维被认为是爱因斯坦最著名的思维实验之一，它发生在想象中。解释了“思维实验”的历史以及作用。
【56题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：想象自己在追逐一束光，他推断他应该把这样一束光当作静止的电磁场来观察。此处pursue与himself为主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补，imagine sb ding sth“想象某人正在做某事”。故填pursuing。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这种直觉思维被认为是爱因斯坦最著名的思维实验之一，它发生在想象中。表示“被认为是”短语为be knwn as，且上文为短语cme t d sth.。故填t be knwn。
【58题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：虽然“思维实验”一词起源于19世纪，但思维实验的使用可以追溯到更早的时候，当时古代哲学家用它来探索难题。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词much further back，在从句作时间状语，故用when。故填when。
【59题详解】
考查形容词。句意：大约2500年前，中国哲学家庄子记录了一个最早的思想实验：如果你把一根长木棍切成两半，然后每天把剩下的部分切成两半，你永远不会把它切完。修饰part应用形容词remaining作定语。故填remaining。
【60题详解】
考查名词。句意：当我们对世界进行更深入的探索时，我们可能会因为各种限制而无法在现实世界中运行实验场景。作介词的宾语，应用名词depth，短语in depth表示“深度”。故填depth。
【61题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当我们对世界进行更深入的探索时，我们可能会因为各种限制而无法在现实世界中运行实验场景。修饰名词scenari应用形容词experimental。故填experimental。
【62题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在这种情况下，我们进入了思想实验的领域，这是一种有价值的手段，可以测试我们知识的局限性，促进我们对世界的理解。此处means为泛指，且valuable是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
【63题详解】
考查时态。句意：纵观历史，思想实验对科学理论的发展做出了贡献。表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响为现在完成时，主语为thught experiments，助动词用have。故填have cntributed。
【64题详解】
考查连词。句意：思想实验并不总是用一个明确的答案来证明某事是对还是错。此处表示选择关系，表示“或者”应用连词r。故填r。
【65题详解】
考查介词。句意：相反，通过使抽象、复杂的想法更具体、更容易理解，思维实验可以激发后期的辩论，并导致对所讨论主题的更彻底的理解。短语in questin表示“正在讨论”。故填in。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假设你是学校口语兴趣班的学生李华，你的外教Chris正在策划一次户外活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复。内容包括：
1. 你对活动的建议；
2. 建议的理由。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Chris,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely
Li Hua
【答案】范文：
Dear Chris,
Hw is everything? I am delighted t hear that yu are planning an utdr activity. Here are my suggestins fr the event.
I strngly recmmend a “Nature Immersin Day”, which will prvide us with an pprtunity t immerse urselves in the beauty f nature while practicing English in a real-wrld cntext. We can start with a guided nature walk in a nature reserve, bserving and discussing the flra and fauna. Fllwing the walk, team-building games such as treasure hunts r relay races are a gd idea. After lunch, we can gather fr a brief discussin n the imprtance f prtecting ur envirnment.
I hpe these suggestins are helpful. Let me knw if yu have any ther ideas r questins.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求考生以李华的身份，给外教Chris回复邮件，对户外活动提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
保护：prtect→preserve
机会：pprtunity→chance
高兴的：delighted→glad
建议：suggestin→advice
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Fllwing the walk, team-building games such as treasure hunts r relay races are a gd idea.
拓展句：After we finish the walk, team-building games such as treasure hunts r relay races are a gd idea.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I am delighted t hear that yu are planning an utdr activity. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] I strngly recmmend a “Nature Immersin Day”, which will prvide us with an pprtunity t immerse urselves in the beauty f nature while practicing English in a real-wrld cntext. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Snwflake Bentley
In the days when Vermnt farmers wrked the land and spent time with livestck, there lived a by Willie Bentley wh lved snw mre than anything in the wrld. Vermnt is n stranger t snw and Bentley’s happiest days were snwstrm days. He watched snwflakes (雪花) n his glve, n the vast farm fields, and n the dark metal handle f the barn (谷仓) dr. He said snw was the blessings f Nature. Hwever, he culd nt share snwflakes because he culd nt save them.
Later, when his mther gave him an ld micrscpe, he mainly used it t lk at snw. While kids f his neighbrs chased hens and had snwball fights, Willie was catching snwflakes. Day after strmy day he studied the icy crystals (冰晶).
Their delicate patterns were even mre beautiful than he had imagined. Willie decided he must find a way t save snwflakes s thers culd see their wnderful designs. Fr three winters he tried drawing snw crystals. They always melted in the black tray (托盘) that he used t catch them befre he culd finish the drawings.
When he was sixteen, Willie read f a camera with its wn micrscpe. “If I had that camera I culd phtgraph snwflakes, he tld his mther.” Willie’s mther knew that he wuld nt be happy until he culd share what he had seen.
“Spending time n snw is just flishness, his mther said. Still, she lved his sn. When Willie was seventeen his parents spent their savings and bught the camera. It cst as much as ten cws. Willie was sure it was the best f all cameras. Even s, his first pictures were failures—n better than shadws. Yet he wuld nt quit. Mistake by mistake, snwflake by snwflake, Willie wrked thrugh every strm. Winter ended, the snw melted, and he had n gd pictures. He waited fr anther seasn f snw. One day, in the secnd winter, he tried a new experiment. And it wrked! Willie had figured ut hw t phtgraph snwflakes!” Nw everyne can see the great beauty in a tiny crystal,” he said.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Nevertheless, in thse days n ne cared. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Despite the new-fund fame, Snwflake Bentley simply made up his mind t prduce a perfect pht. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Nevertheless, in thse days n ne cared. Neighbrs laughed at the idea f phtgraphing snw. “Snw in Vermnt is as cmmn as dirt,” they said. But willie was nt disheartened. He firmly believed the phtgraphs wuld be his gift t the wrld. He gave cpies away t neighbrs r sld them fr sme mney t help ut his parents. He even wrte abut snw and published his pictures in magazines. Sn, Bentley was beginning t make a name fr himself. Flcks f jurnalists reached ut t him fr interviews and eventually the nickname “snwflake Bentley” was brn.
Despite the new-fund fame, Snwflake Bentley simply made up his mind t prduce a perfect pht. Whenever it snwed, he wuld wait hurs fr just the right crystal. While neighbrs sat by the fireplace Willie std at the barn dr and held ut the black tray t catch snwflakes. Thrugh trial and errr, he learned t prduce phts f better quality. One day, Bentley wrked his magic and eventually develped a perfectly clear phtgraph. The yung man was verjyed and immediately presented it t his flks. “I was wrng abut yur wrk, sn. This is marvelus!” said his mther. A smile f pride flickered acrss snwflake Bentley’s face, fr he knew he had frever captured the beauty f Nature.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物和时间为线索，文章讲述了一个叫威利·本特利的男孩，他爱雪胜过爱世界上的一切。后来，当他的母亲给他一个旧显微镜时，他主要用它来观察雪，他日复一日地研究冰晶。本特利决定他必须找到一种方法来拯救雪花，这样其他人就可以看到它们美妙的图案。本特利十七岁时，他的父母花了他们的积蓄买了一架照相机，一次一次地尝试，威利最终拍摄出了美丽的雪花。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“然而，在那些日子里，没有人在乎。”可知，第一段描写的是本特利在拍摄雪花过程中，没人理解，但是仍然坚持不懈，最终成名了。
②由第二段首句内容“尽管刚刚成名，雪花·本特利还是下定决心要拍出一张完美的照片。”可知，本段讲述的是通过反复试验，他学会了拍出质量更好的照片。有一天，本特利施展了他的魔法，最终拍出了一张非常清晰的照片。
2.续写线索：不灰心——送照片给邻居——发表关于雪的文章——开始出名——捕捉雪花——拍摄出非常清晰的照片。
3.词汇激活
行为类
①嘲笑：laugh at / make fun f
②赠送：give away / dnate
③下定决心：make up ne’s mind / determine
④捕捉：capture / seize
情绪类
狂喜的：verjyed / delightsme / wild with jy
【点睛】[高分句型1] Whenever it snwed, he wuld wait hurs fr just the right crystal. While neighbrs sat by the fireplace （由whenever引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2] A smile f pride flickered acrss snwflake Bentley’s face, fr he knew he had frever captured the beauty f Nature. （由fr引导的原因状语从句）
英语
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例： Hw much is the shirt?
A.£ 19. 15. B. £ 9. 18. C. £ 9. 15.
答案是C。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will the speakers mst likely d?
A. Win the race.B. Take phts.C. Enjy the travel.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Grace, we are planning t attend anther event n the Great wall. Wuld yu like t jin us again?
W: I’d lve t. Last time my legs were very sre.
M: That was because last time yu wanted t win. Let’s just enjy the experience this time.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where des this cnversatin prbably take place?
A. In the htel.B. At the laundry place.C. At the clthing stre.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W : Gd afternn, sir. what can I d fr yu?
M : Yes, and I need this suit by Thursday. It has a wine spt n it, but I’m hping yu can get it ut.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What des the wman prbably d?
A. She is a dctr’s assistant.B. She is a htel clerk.C. She is a plice fficer.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M : Hell, I have an appintment with Mr. Martin. Can yu tell me where his ffice is?
W :Yes, yu can take the elevatr up t the eighteenth flr and then turn right. His ffice is next t the X-ray Department.
M :Thanks.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
When will the speakers need t leave fr the pera?
A. At 5:30 p.m.B. At 6:30 p.m.C. At 7:30 p.m.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: David, are yu excited t get t see Peking Opera?
M : Yes, I have been lking frward t it all week. What time shuld we leave?
W: The shw starts at 6:30 p.m., but it takes ne hur t get there.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What des the wman mean?
A. The cmputer is ut f date.
B. The cmputer is virus-infected.
C. The cmputer needs clearing.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: MY Cmputer is way t slw. I Only bught it a cuple f years ag .
W: Maybe it just needs t be cleaned up. The cmputer repairman can get rid f any files that yu dn’t need anymre.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What des Sphia like t add int her tea mst?
A. Milk.B. Sugar.C. Fruit.
7. What are the speakers talking abut?
A. Making tea.B. Eating sugar.C. Buying tea.
【答案】6. B 7. A
【解析】
【原文】M: I Can’t believe yu make tea like that, Sphia!
W: My mther taught me that.
M: Have yu ever tried any ther kinds f tea?
W: N. It’s the nly type f tea I have tried.
M: Well, yu are in China nw. It is time fr yu t learn hw t make sme Chinese tea. Hw abut if we start with different kinds f tea that yu can try? What d yu like?
W: I just drink black tea. Then I add sugar and milk. I like t add a lt f sugar. My brthers and sisters make it the same way as I d.
M: Okay, I will get sme sweet tea fr yu t have a taste. Once we find what yu like, I will shw yu hw t make it.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. Hw des the man chse classes accrding t the wman?
A. By skill level.B. By age.C. By height.
9. What des the man ask the wman t d?
A. D sme training.
B. Intrduce sme martial arts.
C. Arrange a Tai Chi bservatin class.
【答案】8. A 9. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Hell, thank yu fr calling the Base Gym. Hw can help yu?
M : Hi, am interested in signing up fr a Tai chi class.
W: Okay. We have fur different classes fr Tai chi. It depends n yur skill level. Have yu had any experience befre?
M: N, I Will be a beginner. I’ve never dne any types f martial arts befre. I just want t try smething dif-ferent. D yu have a class culd just watch t see if I Wuld like it?
W: Yes, I can set up a time fr Yu t meet ur trainer. His name is Mike. He has a class n Thursday night fr beginners.
M: Well, that sunds nice. Thank yu .
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. Why did the z build a new mnkey park?
A. It was t small fr the additinal mnkeys.
B It needed a treehuse t be mre interesting.
C. The z needed t change its park t get mre visitrs.
11. What activity des the man seem t be mst interested in?
A. Watching the turtles.B. Watching the mnkeys.C. Feeding the turtles.
12. Where may this cnversatin take place?
A. In the park.B. In a car.C. In the z.
【答案】10. A 11. C 12. B
【解析】
【原文】M : Anna, what wuld yu like t see when we get t the z?
W: I Want t see the mnkeys. It has 20 new mnkeys. The park was t small fr all f them, s the Z made a bigger ne. It’s nw called the Lst Frest. Yu can climb a ladder and watch them frm a tree-huse.
M: That sunds fun. If there is a new park in the Z, the wrkers may be very busy. If we cannt see the mnkeys，what else wuld yu like t see?
W: I Want t g t the aquarium and watch the turtles. MY friend tld me that there are tw kinds f turtles based n what they eat. Fr example, the plant-based turtles can eat sweet ptates, cabbage and green beans. we can als watch them swim and play.
M: That sunds wnderful. I Want t feed them, which attracts me mt.
W: Me, t. I can’t wait t get there. I’m s excited! It’s really a pity that we are caught in a traffic jam.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. What is the relatinship between the speakers?
A. Friends.B. Neighbrs.C. Plice and witness.
14. When did Mr. Smith see the rbber?
A. When he drve n his way t wrk.
B. When he walked n his way hme.
C. When he tk a walk in a park.
15. What was the rbber wearing?
A. Blue jeans.B. A yellw hat.C. Brwn shes.
16 What is the wman’s last questin abut the rbber?
A. The weapns he had.
B. The clr f his clthes.
C. His figure.
【答案】13. C 14. B 15. A 16. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Thank yu fr cming dwn tday, Mr. smith. wuld Yu like a cup f tea?
M: N, thank yu.
W: Okay, Mr. smith. Please tell us what yu experienced n the night f March 15th.
M: Well, I usually drive hme. But my car happened t be in a repair shp that day when was walking hme frm wrk that night I saw a yung lady taking a walk in the park. Suddenly, a guy with a black mask came ut f nwhere and grabbed her bag.
W: Did the rbber have a knife?
M: I didn’t see any weapns. He pushed the lady dwn t the grund and ran away.
W: Did yu see what else he was wearing?
M: He had a brwn hat n and was wearing blue jeans and yellw shes.
W: D yu still remember hw tall he is? What type f build des he have?
M: Let me see. He seems t be a little taller and a little heavier than me. I’m five feet tall and I Weigh 180 punds.
W: That’s very helpful Mr. Smith. Thank yu.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. What d we knw abut Vikings’ beliefs abut teeth?
A. They value the teeth a lt.
B. They think teeth are gd weapns.
C. They think teeth shuldn’t be buried.
18. Why des the speaker mentin ld Eurpean traditins?
A. T shw the cnnectin between Vikings and tth care.
B. T shw the cnnectin between teeth and gd luck.
C. T shw the cnnectin between teeth and animals.
19. Hw many animals des the speaker mentin related t the Tth Fairy tale?
A. Three.B. Fur.C. Five.
20. Hw can the Tth Fairy tale help children accrding t the speaker?
A. It can entertain them.
B. It helps them take tth care seriusly.
C. It makes children lve the stry.
【答案】17. A 18. B 19. C 20. B
【解析】
【原文】A Study dne in the United States fund that the average child receives $ 3. 70 per tth. ften the stry ges smething like this: children put their lst teeth under a pillw and receive mney in exchange. Tday we will discuss sme different aspects f the Tth Fairy. In early Eurpean traditins a child’s lst tth was buried. Families believed that this culd save their child frm a hard life in their next life. Vikings used t take their children’s lst teeth in battle fr gd luck and sme peple buried their teeth ut f fear f witches. These were sme earlier ideas that cnnected teeth with gd luck. The current tale f a Tth Fairy usually invlves an animal. There are many different versins depending n culture and time. The mst cmmn theme is assciated with a muse r a rabbit, but thers include cats , dgs , and even squirrels. The reasns fr the different animals vary. Fr example, a muse has been cnnected t the Tth Fairy tale because its teeth cntinue t grw fr the entire life. Regardless f the backgrund f the Tth Fairy, it prvides great educatin fr children t take care f their teeth. It als helps peple pay attentin t tth care in a psitive and fun way.
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Experts have gathered and ranked the tp 4 electric car cmpanies.
Tesla Mtrs
Tesla Mtrs was respnsible fr breaking the EV market pen fr widespread adptin, and it’s currently the mst ppular electric car maker by a healthy margin. While the Tesla Radster was the first t arrive, it was the mre practical Mdel S sedan that tk the autmaker t the next level. It established many Tesla hall-marks, frm the large inftainment tablet t lng battery range t seat-pinning acceleratin.
Frd Mtr Cmpany
Frd dipped its tes int the EV wrld with the Frd Fcus Electric, but it had a shrt range. Frd made a bigger splash with the intrductin f the Mustang Mach-E fr the 2021 mdel year. The adptin f the Mus-tang name by an electric SUV initially riled up Mustang purists, but nce the dust settled, the Mach-E prved t be ne f ur favrite EVs.
General Mtrs
General Mtrs gt its start making mdern EVs in the late 1990s with the infamus EV1. It was a small electric car that was perhaps ahead f its time given that neither the market nr the charging infrastructure ex-isted. The autmaker launched the Chevrlet Blt EV in 2017. It came nt the market after the success f the lw-cst Nissan Leaf and grundbreaking Tesla Mdel S.
Hyundai Mtrs
Hyundai and its sister cmpany, Kia, are Suth Krean autmakers that have made big strides in the EV wrld in recent years. They started with the Hyundai Kna Electric and the Kia Nir EV, which were electric versins f existing gas-pwered vehicles. The autmakers’ next pair f electric SUVs will make a splash with their retr and futuristic styling.
21. Whse EV has a feature f seat-pinning acceleratin?
A. Tesla Mtrs.B. Frd Mtr Cmpany.
C. General Mtrs.D. Hyundai Mtrs.
22. What is special with Hyundai Mtrs?
A. It’s the pineer fr EV.B. It’s a Suth Krean cmpany.
C. It’s the mst ppular EV maker.D. Its gas-pwered SUVs lk very futuristic.
23. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T prmte the sales f EVs.
B. T entertain readers with sme ppular EVs.
C. T shw the authr’s preferences fr sme EVs.
D. T intrduce tp electric car cmpanies and their EVs.
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了四家顶级电动汽车公司以及生产的电动汽车的特征。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Tesla Mtrs中的“It established many Tesla hall-marks, frm the large inftainment tablet t lng battery range t seat-pinning acceleratin.”（ 它奠定了特斯拉的许多标志，从大型信息娱乐平板电脑到长电池续航里程，再到座椅固定加速。）可知，Tesla Mtrs有座椅固定加速。故选A项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hyundai Mtrs中的“Hyundai and its sister cmpany, Kia, are Suth Krean autmakers that have made big strides in the EV wrld in recent years.”（现代及其姊妹公司起亚(Kia)是近年来在电动汽车领域取得重大进展的韩国汽车制造商。）可知，Hyundai Mtrs是一家韩国公司。故选B项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Experts have gathered and ranked the tp 4 electric car cmpanies.”（ 专家们聚集在一起，对四大电动汽车公司进行了排名）以及对四家公司车型的介绍可知，短文的目的是介绍了四家顶级电动汽车公司以及其生产的电动汽车的特征。故选D项。
B
This Christmas, Renate Bell, 56, will spend the hliday taking care f her neighbr’s dgs in Easthamptn, Mass. It’s the same way she spent Thanksgiving. Withut any family r clse friends nearby, hlidays can be an especially lnely time, she said. Fr her, pet sitting is a jy, and ne way that she cpes with slitude.
“I knw a number f peple,” she said. “But they are nt necessarily peple I wuld call up t say, ‘Let’s g hang ut.” Ms. Bell wns a medical billing business that ften requires lng hurs at hme, which cntributes t her islatin. “I dn’t have any life, and I need t find that balance”, she said. But taking friendships t the next level can be difficult, Ms. Bell added. Smetimes, she admitted, she feels “inadequate” — like an ut-sider.
It’s cncerning, then, that mre than half f Americans say they are lnely, accrding t a 2021 pll. “We all feel lnely at times just like we all feel hunger r thirst,” Dr. Murthy, a psychlgist frm NYU, said. “There is n reasn t be ashamed f being human.” Even thse wh have plenty f friends can experience lneliness.
Building relatinships takes time. Try nt t expect t much initially. “Often it takes a series f encunters,” said Charles T. Hill, a prfessr f scial psychlgy at Whittier Cllege. As yu get t knw peple, ask yurself: Wh can I cnnect with at a deep level? Wh will be there fr me? Mre ften than nt, we tend t cnnect with thse wh share cmmnalities with us. “If yu’re a bkwrm, dn’t expect yur next best buddy at the bar,” said Luise Hawkley, a research scientist wh studies lneliness at NORC, a scial research rganizatin at the University f Chicag.
Vlunteering is als a way t braden ur scial netwrks that can feel less anxiety- prvking than, say, shwing up at a party. In a study f 10,000 vlunteers in Britain, abut tw-thirds agreed that vlunteering had helped them feel less islated.
“Lnely peple have mre cntrl ver the situatin than they think they d,” Dr. Hawkley said.
24. What d we knw abut Ms. Bell?
A. She is a successful and independent entrepreneur.
B. She always puts her jb befre her family and friends.
C. She lngs t build deeper cnnectins with peple.
D. She prefers dgs t humans n hliday ccasins.
25. Which statement might Dr. Murthy agree n?
A. Lnely peple are mre likely t feel starved.
B. Lneliness is a universal human experience.
C. Feeling embarrassed f lneliness is unavidable.
D. Denying lneliness cntributes t better self-esteem.
26. T imprve the quality f scial cnnectins, ne is encuraged t d the fllwing EXCEPT ________.
A. lwering their expectatin and being patientB. ging t parties as ften as pssible
C. scializing with peple wh share cmmn interestsD. ffering supprt t smene else
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Hw t kill slitude fr gdB. Lneliness: nt the end f the wrld
C. A friend in need is a friend indeedD. T scialize r nt t scialize — that is a questin
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. B 27. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们都会感到孤独的现状，并指出研究者认为孤独是人类常态，还提供了解决孤独的办法。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Fr her, pet sitting is a jy, and ne way that she cpes with slitude. (对她来说，照看宠物是一种乐趣，也是她应对孤独的一种方式)”以及第二段“Ms. Bell wns a medical billing business that ften requires lng hurs at hme, which cntributes t her islatin. (Bell女士拥有一家医疗账单公司，她经常需要长时间呆在家里，这导致了她的孤独感)”可知，Ms Bell 感到孤独，并渴望化解这样的孤独，与人建立更深联系。故选C。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段““We all feel lnely at times just like we all feel hunger r thirst,” Dr. Murthy, a psychlgist frm NYU, said. “There is n reasn t be ashamed f being human.” Even thse wh have plenty f friends can experience lneliness. (“我们都会感到孤独，就像我们都会感到饥饿或口渴一样。没有理由为身为人类而感到羞耻。”纽约大学的心理学家Murthy博士说。即使是那些有很多朋友的人也会感到孤独)”可知，Murthy博士认为大家都会感到孤独，这是很正常的事情。由此可知，他会同意“孤独是一种普遍的人类体验”的观点。故选B。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Building relatinships takes time. Try nt t expect t much initially. (建立关系需要时间。一开始不要期望太多)”和“As yu get t knw peple, ask yurself: Wh can I cnnect with at a deep level? Wh will be there fr me? Mre ften than nt, we tend t cnnect with thse wh share cmmnalities with us. (当你开始了解别人的时候，问问自己：我能和谁建立深层次的联系？谁会支持我？通常情况下，我们倾向于与那些与我们有共同之处的人联系)”以及第五段“Vlunteering is als a way t braden ur scial netwrks that can feel less anxiety- prvking than, say, shwing up at a party. (志愿服务也是一种拓宽我们的社交网络的方式，它不会像出现在聚会上那样让人感到那么焦虑)”可知，作者的建议包括尽量不要期望太高，且保持耐心，与那些与我们有共同点的人建立联系，以及做志愿工作，帮助他人，不包括“尽可能多地参加聚会”。故选B。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了人们都会感到孤独的现状，并指出研究者认为孤独是人类常态，还提供了解决孤独的办法。由此可知，文章的中心是孤独并不可怕，有很多在我们能力范围内可以解决的办法。B选项“孤独：不是世界末日”最适合作文章标题。故选B。
C
D yu find yurself feeling dwn in the winter mnths? Yu’re nt alne. As the days grw shrter, the American Psychiatric Assciatin estimates that abut 5% f Americans will experience a frm f depressin knwn as seasnal affective disrder, r SAD.
Peple experiencing SAD tend t have feelings f hpelessness, decreased mtivatin t take part in activities they generally enjy, and laziness. Even thse wh dn’t meet the clinical threshld(阈值) fr this disrder may see increases in anxiety and depressive symptms; in fact, sme estimates suggest mre than 40% f Americans experience these symptms t sme degree in the winter mnths.
Scientists link SAD and mre general increases in depressin in the winter t decreased expsure t sunlight, which leads t lwer levels f the neurtransmitter sertnin (血清素). Cnsistent with the idea that sunlight plays a key rle, SAD tends t be mre cmmn in mre nrthern regins f the wrld, like Scandina-via and Alaska, where the days are shrtest and the winters lngest.
Humans, special as we may be, are nt unique in shwing sme f these seasnally linked changes. Fr instance, ur primate (灵长目动物) relative the Rhesus macaque (恒河猴) shws seasnal declines in md. Sme scientists have nted that SAD shws many similarities t hibernatin the lng snze during which brwn bears, grund squirrels and many ther species turn dwn their metablism (新陈代谢) and skip ut n the wrst f winter. SAD may have its rts in adaptatins that cnserve energy at a time f year when fd was typically in shrt supply and when lwer temperatures pse greater energetic demands n the bdy.
Like many ther animals, we t are seasnal creatures. In the winter, peple eat mre and mve less. Yu may feel a bit mre lifeless, while als being kinder t thers and having an easier time paying attentin. As psychlgists and ther scientists research these kinds f seasnal effects, it may turn ut that the nes we knw abut s far are nly the tip f the iceberg.
28. Which f the fllwing symptms is unlikely t be cnnected with SAD?
A. Feeling desperate.B. Lack f mtivatin.
C. Sleep disrder.D. Lss f habitats.
29. SAD may result frm ____.
A. cld climateB. warm sunshine
C. sufficient fdD. psychlgical reactin
30. What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A. The evlutin f animals.B. The harsh cnditins fr animals.
C. The ptential cause f SAD.D. The change f seasns.
31. Which f the fllwing methds might relieve peple f SAD?
A. Decreasing the amunt f sleep.B. Receiving light therapies.
C. Staying less fcused.D. Shwing indifference t thers.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是季节性情感抑郁症（SAD）的部分症状以及形成原因，而且通过对比分析指出季节性抑郁症并非人类独有，有些动物为了适应气候变冷而通过冬眠或新陈代谢来度过寒冷的冬天。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Peple experiencing SAD tend t have feelings f hpelessness, decreased mtivatin t take part in activities they generally enjy, and laziness. Even thse wh dn’t meet the clinical threshld(阈值) fr this disrder may see increases in anxiety and depressive symptms; (患有SAD的人往往会感到绝望，缺乏参加他们通常喜欢的活动的动力，并且懒惰。即使那些没有达到临床阈值的人也可能会出现焦虑和抑郁症状的增加；)”可知患有SAD的人往往会感到绝望，缺乏参加他们通常喜欢的活动的动力，并且懒惰，C项Sleep disrder(睡眠紊乱)是人焦虑的明显表现，D项Lss f habitats.(栖息地的丧失)不是情感抑郁症的表现。故选D项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Scientists link SAD and mre general increases in depressin in the winter t decreased expsure t sunlight, which leads t lwer levels f the neurtransmitter sertnin (血清素).(科学家将SAD和冬季抑郁症的普遍增加与日照减少有关，日照减少会导致神经递质血清素水平降低。)”以及“Cnsistent with the idea that sunlight plays a key rle, SAD tends t be mre cmmn in mre nrthern regins f the wrld(与阳光起关键作用的观点一致，SAD在世界上更北部的地区更常见)”可知SAD与日照减少有关，尤其是在阳光缺少的地方更常见，所以SAD可能是由寒冷的气候导致的。故选A项。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第四段开头“Humans, special as we may be, are nt unique in shwing sme f these seasnally linked changes.(人类虽然很特别，但并不是只有人类表现出这些与季节有关的变化。)”以及最后“SAD may have its rts in adaptatins that cnserve energy at a time f year when fd was typically in shrt supply and when lwer temperatures pse greater energetic demands n the bdy.( SAD的根源可能是在一年中食物通常短缺的时候，当较低的温度对身体产生更大的能量需求时，身体会适应保存能量。)”可知SAD并不是人类所独有的，动物们也会患有SAD，通过举例作者指出SAD的产生可能是人与动物对于寒冷冬天食物短缺的适应，所以第四段主要谈论的是SAD产生的可能原因。故选C项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Scientists link SAD and mre general increases in depressin in the winter t decreased expsure t sunlight,(科学家将SAD和冬季抑郁症的普遍增加与日照减少联系起来，)”以及文章其他段落内容可知SAD的主要是SAD与日照减少有关，尤其是在阳光缺少的地方更常见，所以减轻SAD的有效的方法应该是尽可能多地晒太阳或尝试光治疗。故选B项。
D
Caribbean bx jellyfish (水母) can learn t spt and avid bstacles (障碍) despite lacking a central brain, accrding t a new study. This is the first evidence that jellyfish can d smething called assciative learning. The nervus systems f Caribbean bx jellyfish are fairly simple, including fur “rhpalia (视神经束)”n a jellyfish’s bdy, each f which has six “eyes”, by which the jellyfish judge a mangrve rt’s distance based n hw dark it lks cmpared t the water and make their way rund it. In cmmn waters, nearby rts have high cntrast. Only distant rts fade int the backgrund. But in murky waters, even near-by rts can blend int their surrundings and have lw cntrast. The researchers wndered if Caribbean bx jellyfish culd learn that lw-cntrast bjects-which might at first seem distant-were actually clse by.
T find ut, the team put 12 jellyfish int a rund water tank. The tank was surrunded by lw-cntrast gray and white stripes (条纹), which might appear t a jellyfish like rts in clear water. A camera filmed the animals fr abut seven minutes. At first, they seemed t see the gray stripes as distant rts and swam away, ending up bumping the tank wall. But thse cllisins (碰撞) seemed t lead the jellyfish t recnsider the stripes. Sn, the creatures treated the gray stripes mre like clse rts in murky water-and avided them.
This suggests that the rhpalia alne can learn that seemingly distant, lw-cntrast bjects are in fact clse enugh t avid. That, in turn, hints that these nerve centers are behind Caribbean bx jellyfish learning.
“That’s the clest part f the paper,” says Ken Cheng, a bilgist at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. “That gets us ne step dwn int the wiring f hw it wrks.” Fr Gaëlle Bttn-Amit, tracing learning t the rhpalia raises new questins. “They have fur f these things in their bdies. S hw des that wrk?” asks this neurbilgist. If a jellyfish lses ne f its rhpalia, des it frget everything thse eyes saw and the neurns had learned? Or d the ther rhpalia remember it?
32. Jellyfish are able t avid bstacles because ______.
A. they use brain cells t prcess infrmatin gathered
B. they rely n different levels f visual signal input
C. they have unique rgans t measure the distance
D. they are driven by excellent survival instinct
33. Which f the fllwing wrds has the clsest meaning t the underlined wrd in paragraph 1?
A. Unusual.B. Cludy.C. Deep.D. Rapid.
34. What can we infer frm paragraphs 2 and 3?
A. Jellyfish usually tend t be scared ff by the gray clr.
B. Jellyfish tend t cmpare stripes with mangrve rts.
C. Stimulatin in cntrlled envirnment backed the finding.
D. Rhpalia are in cntrl f the jellyfish’s memry system.
35. Which can be the best title fr the article?
A. N brain, n gain? Denies the jellyfish
B. Unique “eyes” help jellyfish survive
C. Evlutin f learning: frm nerve t brain
D. White r gray? Creature’s decisin-making
【答案】32. B 33. B 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个研究团队通过实验证明水母没有脑子也可以获取信息，学会发现和避开障碍物。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The nervus systems f Caribbean bx jellyfish are fairly simple, including fur “rhpalia” n a jellyfish’s bdy, each f which has six “eyes”, by which the jellyfish judge a mangrve rt’s distance based n hw dark it lks cmpared t the water and make their way rund it.(加勒比箱形水母的神经系统相当简单，包括水母身上的四个“视神经束”，每个“视神经束”都有六只“眼睛”，水母根据红树林根部与水面相比的黑暗程度来判断红树林根部的距离，并绕过它)”可知，水母能够避开障碍物，因为它们依赖不同水平的视觉信号输入。故选B项。
【33题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章划线词上句“In cmmn waters, nearby rts have high cntrast. Only distant rts fade int the backgrund.(在普通水域，附近的根有很高的对比度。只有遥远的根隐没在背景中。)”及划线词所在句子“even near-by rts can blend int their surrundings and have lw cntrast.(即使是附近的根部也可能融入周围环境，具有较低的对比度)”可猜测，是在浑浊的水域中，近处的物体也显现出低对比度，故划线词与cludy“浑浊的，不清澈的”意义相近。故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“T find ut, the team put 12 jellyfish int a rund water tank. The tank was surrunded by lw-cntrast gray and white stripes (条纹), which might appear t a jellyfish like rts in clear water. A camera filmed the animals fr abut seven minutes. At first, they seemed t see the gray stripes as distant rts and swam away, ending up bumping the tank wall. But thse cllisins (碰撞) seemed t lead the jellyfish t recnsider the stripes. Sn, the creatures treated the gray stripes mre like clse rts in murky water-and avided them.(为了找到答案，研究小组将12只水母放入一个圆形水箱中。水箱周围是低对比度的灰色和白色条纹，对水母来说，这些条纹可能看起来像清澈水中的根。一台摄像机拍摄了这些动物大约七分钟。起初，它们似乎把灰色条纹视为远处的树根，于是游走了，最后撞到了水箱的墙壁上。但这些碰撞似乎让水母重新考虑这些条纹。很快，这些生物就把这些灰色的条纹更像是在浑浊的水中紧密的根——它们避开了它们。)”及第三段中“This suggests that the rhpalia alne can learn that seemingly distant, lw-cntrast bjects are in fact clse enugh t avid. That, in turn, hints that these nerve centers are behind Caribbean bx jellyfish learning.(这表明，水母仅凭视神经束就能知道看似遥远、对比度低的物体实际上足够近，可以避开。这一点进而暗示，这些神经中枢是加勒比箱水母进行学习的幕后主导)”可知，实验中的受控环境中的刺激支持这一发现。故选C项。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。结合全文及文章第一段“Caribbean bx jellyfish can learn t spt and avid bstacles despite lacking a central brain, accrding t a new study.(一项新的研究表明，尽管加勒比箱形水母缺乏中枢大脑，但它可以学会发现和避开障碍物)”可知，文章主要介绍了一个研究团队通过实验证明水母没有脑子也可以获取信息，学会发现和避开障碍物，故A项“没有头脑，就没有收获？水母否认这一点”适合作为文章的标题。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Cities are diverse ecsystems. Sme wild animals becme regular visitrs t ur cities, such as cy-tes (丛林狼) in Ls Angeles r bars (野猪) in Berlin. ___36___As ur cities spread, we need t think abut what it is like fr ther species t have human neighbrs.
___37___They d nt always prvide suitable habitats fr wildlife. Fr example, mst city parks are kept neat and tidy s that humans will find them beautiful. But when we cut grass r plant flwers, we destry natural habitats.
Our actins smetimes help ther species. When a bridge in Austin Texas was repaired, engineers added small gaps running alng the length f its bttm. This made a gd hme fr bats, and sn the bridge was the hme f thusands f bats. At first, peple were afraid f the bats and tried t get rid f them. ___38___ The bats are a turist attractin, and they eat lts f bugs every night.
There are als structures built with the aim f bringing wildlife int the city. The Beijing Olympic Frest Park is a gd example. The park used native plants and created pen, natural spaces fr wildlife. The result is a zne in Beijing with ver 160 species f birds. ___39___Instead f being kept in cages, wildlife can mve abut freely. Smetimes, the visitrs can encunter a gaggle f geese walking n the bank r swimming in the water leisurely.
While cities pse challenges fr wildlife, they are finding ways t adapt and thrive in urban envirnments. As humans, it is imprtant t take measures t prevent cnflicts and appreciate the presence f them. ___40___ And ur wn future will be endangered.
A. Cities are built fr humans.
B. The park is intended t prtect birds.
C. If we d nt, mre species will becme extinct.
D. In many ways, the park is the ppsite f a z.
E. Als, a large number f species share ur urban areas.
F. Nw, they have cme t value their winged neighbrs.
G. Sn, the bats are adaptable and can thrive in human-built structures.
【答案】36. E 37. A 38. F 39. D 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了城市是多种多样的生态系统，有很多物种与我们公用城市区域。我们要保护自然栖息地，为野生动物提供合适的生存空间。
【36题详解】
根据上文“Sme wild animals becme regular visitrs t ur cities, such as cy-tes (丛林狼) in Ls Angeles r bars (野猪) in Berlin. (一些野生动物成为我们城市的常客，例如洛杉矶的丛林狼或柏林的野猪。)”可知，一些野生动物会到城市地区，与E项“Als, a large number f species share ur urban areas. (此外，许多物种共享我们的城市地区。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选E项。
【37题详解】
根据下文“They d nt always prvide suitable habitats fr wildlife. (它们并不总是为野生动物提供合适的栖息地。)”可知，城市并不是为野生动物提供栖息地而建的，是为人类而建的，与A项“Cities are built fr humans. (城市是为人类而建的。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选A项。
【38题详解】
根据前文“At first, peple were afraid f the bats and tried t get rid f them. (起初，人们害怕蝙蝠并试图摆脱它们。)”及下文“The bats are a turist attractin, and they eat lts f bugs every night. (蝙蝠是一个旅游景点，它们每天晚上都吃很多虫子。)”可知，从人们一开始害怕蝙蝠到后来蝙蝠成了旅游景点，所以人们开始重视蝙蝠，与F项“Nw, they have cme t value their winged neighbrs. (现在，他们开始重视他们有翅膀的邻居。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选F项。
【39题详解】
根据前文“The park used native plants and created pen, natural spaces fr wildlife. The result is a zne in Beijing with ver 160 species f birds. (该公园使用本地植物，为野生动物创造了开放的自然空间。其结果是在北京形成了一个拥有160多种鸟类的区域。)”与下文“Instead f being kept in cages, wildlife can mve abut freely. (野生动物可以自由活动，而不是被关在笼子里。)”可知，北京奥林匹克森林公园将野生动物带入城市，并且野生动物不是被关在笼子里的，说明该公园与动物园是不一样的，与D项“In many ways, the park is the ppsite f a z. (在许多方面，公园与动物园相反。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选D项。
【40题详解】
根据上文“As humans, it is imprtant t take measures t prevent cnflicts and appreciate the presence f them. (作为人类，重要的是采取措施来预防冲突并珍惜它们的存在。)”及下文“And ur wn future will be endangered. (我们自己的未来将受到威胁。)”可知，如果我们不采取措施预防冲突就会有更多的物种灭绝，与C项“If we d nt, mre species will becme extinct. (如果我们不这样做，更多的物种将灭绝。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选C项。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’m nw the chef and wner f a restaurant. Nthing in my early years led me t ___41___ my life wuld cnnect t fd and cking deeply. My family did eat tgether ften; we had a ___42___ that my grandmther cked the weekly big meal n weekends, but fd was hardly the ___43___ f my family’s stry. After I entered cllege, I was still ___44___ abut what I wanted t d. Maybe I was suppsed t ___45___ the crwd, getting a decent jb, like in medicine r smething similar.
When accepting the jb assisting cks after finishing cllege, I just ___46___ t pay my rent. That didn’t ___47___ any big life plans. Hwever, as I wrked lnger, the fd wrld shwed me amazing ___48___ .
T little salt, and a dish is ___49___ t be “tasteless”. A bit lemn juice helps prevent cut apples and peaches frm turning brwn and ___50___ their appealing clrs. The lessn that small things matter reminds me t never ___51___ tiny stuff in all parts f life. Als, wrking with fd teaches me t really taste, smell and tuch. I learn t bserve my ___52___, watching ways birds land, the grwth f trees alng rads... and ___53___ wnders in everyday life. ___54___ , I head dwn my wn path, which is ___55___ frm ging t medical schl as my parents did, but gives my life purpse and directin.
41.
A expectB. wnderC. dubtD. admit
42.
A. suggestinB. traditinC. pleasureD. desire
43.
A. secretB. trubleC. witnessD. center
44.
A. unclearB. restlessC. uncncernedD. careless
45.
A. leaveB. accmpanyC. fllwD. gather
46.
A. happenedB. prmisedC. fferedD. intended
47.
A. replaceB. affectC. inspireD. prevent
48.
A. pprtunityB. wisdmC. memriesD. skills
49.
A. easyB. fitC. trueD. bund
50.
A. restreB. hideC. preserveD. change
51.
A. verlkB. judgeC. keepD. wrry
52.
A. surrundingsB. imprvementsC. decisinsD. differences
53.
A. keep awayB. shw upC. cme acrssD. bring abut
54.
A. Even sB. Abve allC. InsteadD. Anyway
55.
A. freeB. absentC. separateD. distinct
【答案】41. A 42. B 43. D 44. A 45. C 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. C 51. A 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了食物和烹饪的智慧以及烹饪对作者的影响。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我早年的生活中，没有什么能让我预料我的生活能与食物和烹饪深深地联系在一起。A. expect预料；B. wnder想知道；C. dubt怀疑；D. admit承认。根据下文“Maybe I was suppsed t ___5___ the crwd, getting a decent jb, like in medicine r smething similar.”可知，作者没有预料自己会与食物和烹饪深深地联系在一起。故选A。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的家人确实经常一起吃饭；我们有一个传统，我祖母在周末做每周一顿的大餐，但食物并不是我家故事的中心。A. suggestin建议；B. traditin传统；C. pleasure高兴；D. desire欲望。根据下文“that my grandmther cked the weekly big meal n weekends,”以及语境可知，祖母在周末做每周一顿的大餐是作者家的传统。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的家人确实经常一起吃饭；我们有一个传统，我祖母在周末做每周一顿的大餐，但食物并不是我家故事的中心。A. secret秘密；B. truble麻烦；C. witness目击者；D. center中心。根据上文“we had a ___2___ that my grandmther cked the weekly big meal n weekends”以及空前的“but”可知，前后形成转折关系，祖母会在周末做每周的大餐，但食物并不是作者家的故事的中心。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：进入大学后，我仍然不清楚自己想做什么。A. unclear不清楚的；B. restless不安宁的；C. uncncerned不关心的；D. careless粗心的。根据下文“Maybe I was suppsed t ___5___ the crwd, getting a decent jb, like in medicine r smething similar.”可知，此处表示作者仍然不清楚自己想做什么。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许我应该随大流，找到一份体面的工作，比如医学或类似的工作。A. leave离开；B. accmpany陪伴；C. fllw跟随；D. gather聚集。根据上文“After I entered cllege, I was still ___4___ abut what I wanted t d.”以及下文“the crwd, getting a decent jb, like in medicine r smething similar.”可知，作者还不清楚自己想做什么，此处表示作者想自己可能应该随大流。故选C。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我大学毕业后接受助理厨师的工作时，我只是想支付我的房租。A. happened碰巧；B. prmised承诺；C. ffered提供；D. intended想要。根据下文“t pay my rent. That didn’t ___7___ any big life plans”以及语境可知，此处表示作者接受助理厨师的工作只是想要支付房租。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这并没有激发任何重大的人生计划。A. replace代替；B. affect影响；C. inspire激发；D. prevent阻止。根据下文“Hwever, as I wrked lnger, the fd wrld shwed me amazing ___8___ .”可知，句子前后表示转折关系，所以此处表示作者之前接受的助理厨师工作并没有激发任何重大的人生计划。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着我工作时间的延长，食品世界向我展示了惊人的智慧。A. pprtunity机会；B. wisdm智慧；C. memries记忆；D. skills技能。根据下文“The lessn that small things matter reminds me t never ___11___ tiny stuff in all parts f life.”可知，此处表示食品向作者展示了惊人的智慧。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：盐太少，一道菜一定会“无味”。A. easy容易的；B. fit健康的；C. true真正的；D. bund肯定的。根据上文“T little salt, and a dish is”以及常识可知，盐少了，菜一定会是无味的。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一点柠檬汁有助于防止切开的苹果和桃子变成棕色，并保持它们诱人的颜色。A. restre恢复；B. hide掩盖；C. preserve保持；D. change改变。根据上文“A bit lemn juice helps prevent cut apples and peaches frm turning brwn and”可知，一点柠檬汁可以使切开的苹果和桃子保持诱人的颜色。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：小事很重要这一教训提醒我，永远不要忽视生活中各个方面的小事。A. verlk忽略，忽视；B. judge判断；C. keep保持；D. wrry担心。根据上文“The lessn that small things matter reminds me t never”以及语境可知，小事很重要，此处表示不要忽视小事。故选A。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我学会观察周围的环境，观察鸟类降落的方式，道路两旁树木的生长……并在日常生活中遇到奇迹。A. surrundings环境；B. imprvements改善；C. decisins决定；D. differences不同。根据下文“watching ways birds land, the grwth f trees alng rads...”可知，此处表示作者学会观察周围的环境。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我学会观察周围的环境，观察鸟类降落的方式，道路两旁树木的生长……并在日常生活中遇到奇迹。A. keep away远离；B. shw up显现出来；C. cme acrss偶然遇见；D. bring abut导致，引起。根据下文“wnders in everyday life”以及语境可知，此处表示遇见生活中的奇迹。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查副词和固定短语辨析。句意：最重要的是，我走上了自己的道路，这与我父母上医学院不同，但给了我人生的目标和方向。A. Even s即使如此；B. Abve all最重要的是；C. Instead相反；D. Anyway无论怎样。根据上文“Als, wrking with fd teaches me t really taste, smell and tuch. I learn t bserve my ___12___ , watching ways birds land, the grwth f trees alng rads... and ___13___ wnders in everyday life.”以及下文“I head dwn my wn path, which is ___15___ frm ging t medical schl as my parents did, but gives my life purpse and directin.”可知，作者在讲述自己从事厨师职业的两个感悟。Als后接第一个感悟，此处应为第二个感悟，为递进关系。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查形容词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，我走上了自己的道路，这与我父母上医学院不同，但给了我人生的目标和方向。A. free自由的；B. absent缺少的；C. separate分离的；D. distinct明显不同的。根据上文“I’m nw the chef and wner f a restaurant.”可知，作者是一家餐馆的厨师兼老板，和父母上医学院明显不同。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What wuld we bserve if we traveled at the speed f light? This is a questin Albert Einstein asked him-self at the age f 16. Imagining himself ___56___ (pursue) a beam f light, he reasned that he shuld bserve such a beam f light as an electrmagnetic field at rest. This intuitive thinking came ___57___ (knw) as ne f Einstein’s mst famus thught experiments, which take place in the imaginatin.
While the term “thught experiment” riginated in the 19th century, the use f thught experiments can be traced much further back, ___58___ ancient philsphers used them t explre difficult questins. Abut 2,500 years ag, Chinese philspher Zhuangzi recrded ne f the earliest thught experiments: if yu cut a lng stick in half and then cut the ___59___ (remain) part in tw each fllwing day, yu will never finish cutting it.
As we explre the wrld in greater ___60___ (deep), we may reach a pint where it is impssible t run an ___61___ (experiment) scenari (设想) in the real wrld due t varius limitatins. In such circumstances, we mve int the area f thught experiments, which functin as ___62___ valuable means t test the limits f ur knwledge and advance ur understanding f the wrld.
Thrughut histry, thught experiments ___63___ (cntribute) t the develpment f scientific theries. Thught experiments are nt always abut prving smething right ___64___ wrng with a definite answer. Instead, by making abstract, cmplex ideas mre cncrete and accessible, thught experiments can stimulate debate and lead t a mre thrugh understanding f the tpic ____65____questin.
【答案】56. pursuing
57. t be knwn
58. when 59. remaining
60. depth 61. experimental
62. a 63. have cntributed
64. r 65. in
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了直觉思维被认为是爱因斯坦最著名的思维实验之一，它发生在想象中。解释了“思维实验”的历史以及作用。
【56题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：想象自己在追逐一束光，他推断他应该把这样一束光当作静止的电磁场来观察。此处pursue与himself为主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补，imagine sb ding sth“想象某人正在做某事”。故填pursuing。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这种直觉思维被认为是爱因斯坦最著名的思维实验之一，它发生在想象中。表示“被认为是”短语为be knwn as，且上文为短语cme t d sth.。故填t be knwn。
【58题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：虽然“思维实验”一词起源于19世纪，但思维实验的使用可以追溯到更早的时候，当时古代哲学家用它来探索难题。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词much further back，在从句作时间状语，故用when。故填when。
【59题详解】
考查形容词。句意：大约2500年前，中国哲学家庄子记录了一个最早的思想实验：如果你把一根长木棍切成两半，然后每天把剩下的部分切成两半，你永远不会把它切完。修饰part应用形容词remaining作定语。故填remaining。
【60题详解】
考查名词。句意：当我们对世界进行更深入的探索时，我们可能会因为各种限制而无法在现实世界中运行实验场景。作介词的宾语，应用名词depth，短语in depth表示“深度”。故填depth。
【61题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当我们对世界进行更深入的探索时，我们可能会因为各种限制而无法在现实世界中运行实验场景。修饰名词scenari应用形容词experimental。故填experimental。
【62题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在这种情况下，我们进入了思想实验的领域，这是一种有价值的手段，可以测试我们知识的局限性，促进我们对世界的理解。此处means为泛指，且valuable是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
【63题详解】
考查时态。句意：纵观历史，思想实验对科学理论的发展做出了贡献。表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响为现在完成时，主语为thught experiments，助动词用have。故填have cntributed。
【64题详解】
考查连词。句意：思想实验并不总是用一个明确的答案来证明某事是对还是错。此处表示选择关系，表示“或者”应用连词r。故填r。
【65题详解】
考查介词。句意：相反，通过使抽象、复杂的想法更具体、更容易理解，思维实验可以激发后期的辩论，并导致对所讨论主题的更彻底的理解。短语in questin表示“正在讨论”。故填in。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假设你是学校口语兴趣班的学生李华，你的外教Chris正在策划一次户外活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复。内容包括：
1. 你对活动的建议；
2. 建议的理由。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Chris,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely
Li Hua
【答案】范文：
Dear Chris,
Hw is everything? I am delighted t hear that yu are planning an utdr activity. Here are my suggestins fr the event.
I strngly recmmend a “Nature Immersin Day”, which will prvide us with an pprtunity t immerse urselves in the beauty f nature while practicing English in a real-wrld cntext. We can start with a guided nature walk in a nature reserve, bserving and discussing the flra and fauna. Fllwing the walk, team-building games such as treasure hunts r relay races are a gd idea. After lunch, we can gather fr a brief discussin n the imprtance f prtecting ur envirnment.
I hpe these suggestins are helpful. Let me knw if yu have any ther ideas r questins.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求考生以李华的身份，给外教Chris回复邮件，对户外活动提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
保护：prtect→preserve
机会：pprtunity→chance
高兴的：delighted→glad
建议：suggestin→advice
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Fllwing the walk, team-building games such as treasure hunts r relay races are a gd idea.
拓展句：After we finish the walk, team-building games such as treasure hunts r relay races are a gd idea.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I am delighted t hear that yu are planning an utdr activity. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] I strngly recmmend a “Nature Immersin Day”, which will prvide us with an pprtunity t immerse urselves in the beauty f nature while practicing English in a real-wrld cntext. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Snwflake Bentley
In the days when Vermnt farmers wrked the land and spent time with livestck, there lived a by Willie Bentley wh lved snw mre than anything in the wrld. Vermnt is n stranger t snw and Bentley’s happiest days were snwstrm days. He watched snwflakes (雪花) n his glve, n the vast farm fields, and n the dark metal handle f the barn (谷仓) dr. He said snw was the blessings f Nature. Hwever, he culd nt share snwflakes because he culd nt save them.
Later, when his mther gave him an ld micrscpe, he mainly used it t lk at snw. While kids f his neighbrs chased hens and had snwball fights, Willie was catching snwflakes. Day after strmy day he studied the icy crystals (冰晶).
Their delicate patterns were even mre beautiful than he had imagined. Willie decided he must find a way t save snwflakes s thers culd see their wnderful designs. Fr three winters he tried drawing snw crystals. They always melted in the black tray (托盘) that he used t catch them befre he culd finish the drawings.
When he was sixteen, Willie read f a camera with its wn micrscpe. “If I had that camera I culd phtgraph snwflakes, he tld his mther.” Willie’s mther knew that he wuld nt be happy until he culd share what he had seen.
“Spending time n snw is just flishness, his mther said. Still, she lved his sn. When Willie was seventeen his parents spent their savings and bught the camera. It cst as much as ten cws. Willie was sure it was the best f all cameras. Even s, his first pictures were failures—n better than shadws. Yet he wuld nt quit. Mistake by mistake, snwflake by snwflake, Willie wrked thrugh every strm. Winter ended, the snw melted, and he had n gd pictures. He waited fr anther seasn f snw. One day, in the secnd winter, he tried a new experiment. And it wrked! Willie had figured ut hw t phtgraph snwflakes!” Nw everyne can see the great beauty in a tiny crystal,” he said.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Nevertheless, in thse days n ne cared. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Despite the new-fund fame, Snwflake Bentley simply made up his mind t prduce a perfect pht. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Nevertheless, in thse days n ne cared. Neighbrs laughed at the idea f phtgraphing snw. “Snw in Vermnt is as cmmn as dirt,” they said. But willie was nt disheartened. He firmly believed the phtgraphs wuld be his gift t the wrld. He gave cpies away t neighbrs r sld them fr sme mney t help ut his parents. He even wrte abut snw and published his pictures in magazines. Sn, Bentley was beginning t make a name fr himself. Flcks f jurnalists reached ut t him fr interviews and eventually the nickname “snwflake Bentley” was brn.
Despite the new-fund fame, Snwflake Bentley simply made up his mind t prduce a perfect pht. Whenever it snwed, he wuld wait hurs fr just the right crystal. While neighbrs sat by the fireplace Willie std at the barn dr and held ut the black tray t catch snwflakes. Thrugh trial and errr, he learned t prduce phts f better quality. One day, Bentley wrked his magic and eventually develped a perfectly clear phtgraph. The yung man was verjyed and immediately presented it t his flks. “I was wrng abut yur wrk, sn. This is marvelus!” said his mther. A smile f pride flickered acrss snwflake Bentley’s face, fr he knew he had frever captured the beauty f Nature.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物和时间为线索，文章讲述了一个叫威利·本特利的男孩，他爱雪胜过爱世界上的一切。后来，当他的母亲给他一个旧显微镜时，他主要用它来观察雪，他日复一日地研究冰晶。本特利决定他必须找到一种方法来拯救雪花，这样其他人就可以看到它们美妙的图案。本特利十七岁时，他的父母花了他们的积蓄买了一架照相机，一次一次地尝试，威利最终拍摄出了美丽的雪花。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“然而，在那些日子里，没有人在乎。”可知，第一段描写的是本特利在拍摄雪花过程中，没人理解，但是仍然坚持不懈，最终成名了。
②由第二段首句内容“尽管刚刚成名，雪花·本特利还是下定决心要拍出一张完美的照片。”可知，本段讲述的是通过反复试验，他学会了拍出质量更好的照片。有一天，本特利施展了他的魔法，最终拍出了一张非常清晰的照片。
2.续写线索：不灰心——送照片给邻居——发表关于雪的文章——开始出名——捕捉雪花——拍摄出非常清晰的照片。
3.词汇激活
行为类
①嘲笑：laugh at / make fun f
②赠送：give away / dnate
③下定决心：make up ne’s mind / determine
④捕捉：capture / seize
情绪类
狂喜的：verjyed / delightsme / wild with jy
【点睛】[高分句型1] Whenever it snwed, he wuld wait hurs fr just the right crystal. While neighbrs sat by the fireplace （由whenever引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2] A smile f pride flickered acrss snwflake Bentley’s face, fr he knew he had frever captured the beauty f Nature. （由fr引导的原因状语从句）
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