中考英语一轮复习考点详解+专项训练专题26 阅读理解（议论文）（含解析）

这是一份中考英语一轮复习考点详解+专项训练专题26 阅读理解（议论文）（含解析），共47页。试卷主要包含了 把握文章的论点、论据和论证， 互推法， 推理法，B．250等内容，欢迎下载使用。

议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。
议论文体阅读理解题的应对策略
解答议论类阅读理解试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：
作者在开始叙述一个现象，然后对现象进行解释。这类文章的主题是文中最重要的解释或作者所强调的解释，阅读时要注意作者给出的原因，所以又被称为原因—结果(Cause & Effect)型。还有一种比较常见的是问题—答案型，作者在一开始或一段末以问句提出一个问题(相当于一个现象)，然后给出该问题的答案(相当于解释)。针对文中问题给出的主要答案就是这种文章的中心。
这里强调一点，答题时优先考虑正面答题(直接从文章内容得出答案)，然后从中心、态度或利用解答特征等其他角度对选项进行检验；如果从文章内容中直接无法解决，则从中心和态度方面考虑；次之，从解答特征方面考虑。
考生往往最怕此类体裁。山穷水尽时，记住：首先从整体上把握文章中心和作者所持的态度，靠近中心的就是答案。
解题方法：
1. 把握文章的论点、论据和论证。此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。
2. 互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一些议论。考生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。
3. 推理法：推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。
二、解题技巧
历年全国中考英语阅读理解的题型无非基本都是考查主旨大意、词义猜测、推理判断和细节理解四大题型。其中，命题以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，又兼顾词义猜测题和主旨大意题。细节理解题和推理判断题主要考查的是对原文具体细节的理解和把控能力，难度相对较小，广大考生除了平时必要的阅读量和词汇量的积累以外，掌握一定的解题技巧对解答阅读理解题来说也是至关重要的。具体说来：
1. 主旨大意型
干扰项 可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。
干扰项 可能是从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。
干扰项 可能是非文章事实的主观臆断。
正确答案 根据文章全面理解而归纳概括出来；不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。
主旨大意题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。根据多年的备考及高考实践，这类题目考查的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。
选择＂主题＂旨在考查考生是否掌握了所读文章的主要内容或主旨，通常用词、短语或句子来概括。常见的提问方式有：
1. What is the main / general idea f this text?
2. What is mainly discussed in this passage?
3. What is the text mainly abut?
4. This text mainly tells us _________.
5. This passage mainly deals with _________.
6. The main idea f this passage may be best expressed as_________.
7. The tpic f this passage is _________.
标题选择题则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用词简短、精练。常见的提问方式有：
1. What wuld be the best title fr the text?
2. Which f the fllwing is the best / mst suitable title fr this text?
3. The best / mst suitable title fr this text wuld be __________.
不管是选择＂主题＂还是选择＂标题＂，实质上都是要求考生从整体上理解语篇内容，找出贯穿语篇的主线；不管是何种体裁的文章，都是围绕一个主题来展开的。在试题设计上，3个干扰项的内容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要内容，需要注意甄别。
2. 事实细节型
细节理解题主要考查考生对文章中某些细节或重要事实的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语意理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要考生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。
做此类题时可以使用定位法与跳读法。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而选出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行简单分析、推理等，从而找出正确答案。
(1)解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。
文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。
提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, wh, which, where, hw, why 等。
在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节的问题常有以下几种命题方式：
①Which f the fllwing statements is true?
②Which f the fllwing is nt mentined in the text?
③The authr (r the passage) states that __________.
④Accrding t the passage, when (where, why, hw, wh, what, which, etc.) __________?
(2)干扰项：范围过大、过小；偷换概念；正误并存，某个分句是正确的。
阅读理解中细节理解题的干扰项的设置有以下几个原则：
①包含项原则
在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其他三项 (或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在＂花＂与＂玫瑰＂两选项中，正确答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。
②正反项原则
所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。两个相互矛盾的陈述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以，假如四选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中。
③委婉项原则
所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：prbably, pssibly, may, usually, might, mst f, mre r less, relatively, be likely t, nt necessary, althugh, yet, in additin, tend t等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must, always, never, all, every, any, merely, nly, cmpletely, nne, hardly, already等等。
④同形项原则
命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项中有正确答案的存在。
⑤常识项原则
议论文中，那些符合一般常识、意义深刻富有哲理、符合一般规律、属于普遍现象的往往是正确答案。
⑥因果项原则
阅读理解的逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。然而，在推理题的选项中，有的选项会推理不到位(止于前因)，或者推理过头(止于后果)，这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则启示我们：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是两个因果项中的其中之一。如果因项可产生几个结果，那么答案就是因；如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果。
解题方法：原文定位法。
查读法：(1)带着问题找答案，把注意力集中在与wh, what, when, where问题有关的细节上。
(2)细心!
3. 词义猜测型
阅读理解的测试中经常有猜测词、短语、习语、句子意义的题目，近几年高考阅读中词义猜测题的考查方法呈多样化，其中根据上下文语境推测词义将会越来越多。有时短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，后文接着会出现其定义、解释或例子，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
除此之外，我们还可以根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but，hwever，therwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号(；)也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。还可以根据因果关系进行判断。俗话说，＂有因必有果，有果必有因＂。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。当然了，这些词、短语、习语要么是生词，要么是熟词新义，单靠平时积累是不够的，还要掌握以下做题技巧。
(1)根据构词法(转化、合成、派生)进行判断。
(2)根据文中的定义、事例、解释猜生词。用事例或解释猜生词；用重复解释的信息猜生词。
(3)根据上下文的指代关系进行选择。文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。
(4)根据转折或对比关系进行判断。根据上下句的连接词如but，hwever，therwise等可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
(5)根据因果关系进行判断。俗话说，＂有因必有果，有果必有因＂。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。
(6)根据同位关系进行判断。阅读中有时出现新词、难词，后面跟着一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释。
(7)利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义。分号还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义；破折号表示解释说明。
常见的问题形式有：
(1)The wrd ＂…＂ in Line … means/can be best replaced by …
(2)As used in the passage, the phrase ＂…＂ suggests…
(3)Frm the passage, we can infer that the wrd/phrase /the sentence ＂…＂ is/refers t /means…
(4)The wrd ＂…＂ is clsest in meaning t …
常用应对方法：
同义法：常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或r，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测词义。
反义法：如ht and cld, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，互为反义的词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。
释义法：对文章中的生词用定语(从句)、表语，甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。
此外，还有情景推断法、代词替代法等。
做题要领
(1)从文中找线索或信息词；
(2)根据熟悉的词及词义判断新词的意思；
(3)根据上下文判断新词在特定句中的确切意思。
(4)要特别注意熟词新意！
4. 推理判断型
做题要领：既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章的隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作出正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度考虑而不是固守自己的看法。常见的命题方式有：
(1)The passage implies (暗示) that _________.
(2)We can cnclude (得出结论) frm the passage that _________.
(3)Which f the fllwing can be inferred (推论)?
(4)What is the tne (语气) f the authr?
(5)What is the purpse (目的) f this passage?
(6)The passage is intended t _________.
(7)Where wuld this passage mst prbably appear?
1、（2022·四川绵阳·中考真题）
D yu cmpare yurself t ther peple? Perhaps yur best friend receives smething yu really want, r yu’re nt allwed t g t a cncert but yur brther r sister is. Even thugh cmparisns are cmmn and can smetimes be helpful, fcusing(专注) n yur wn prgress is imprtant fr yur happiness.
“We ften cmpare urselves t thers wh are ding better r nt as well as urselves.” says Dr. Jack. “But I suggest cmparing yurself t yur past self and yur future self. This can make yu feel prud f what yu’ve achieved and excited abut what yu might d. Fcusing n yur wn purpses is mre wrthwhile than always trying t cme ut n tp.”
Cmparing yurself t thse arund yu is natural and we ften d it withut realizing it. It can help us t be clear abut ur achievements and t frm friendships with new peple wh have similar interests. Hwever, it’s imprtant t remember that nbdy is perfect in real life. It’s als imprtant t take nte f hw the cmparisn is making yu feel. “If yu begin t feel quite lw, fcus n yur wn strengths.” says Jack. In ther wrds, yu can ask yurself questins like “What can I d well in?”, which can help yu trust yurself.
Maybe here yu are wndering “What if all my friends are better than me?”. Dr. White says that jealusy(妒忌) is nt bad but fcusing n bettering yur wn wrk can help yu feel just as successful. He als mentins that learning t celebrate yur friends’ success can nt nly help t cheer yur friends up but als help yu feel gd. It will encurage yu t build each ther up.
1．What des the writer tell us in Paragraph 1?
A．We shuld cmpare with thers.B．We shuld share things with brthers.
C．We shuld enjy cncerts with sisters.D．We shuld fcus n ur wn prgress.
2．Why shuld yu cmpare yurself t yur past self?
A．T care abut thers.B．T change yur purpses.
C．T increase yur excitement.D．T be prud f yur achievements.
3．What des the underlined phrase “yur wn strengths” prbably mean in Paragraph 3?
A．what yu’re gd atB．what yu’ve understd
C．what yu’re crazy abutD．what yu’ve experienced
4．What des Dr. White suggest?
A．Trusting yur friends.B．Cheering n tiny success.
C．Celebrating thers’ success.D．Frming a deep friendship.
5．What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Plan Yur Own FutureB．Enjy Yur Own Happiness
C．Run Yur Own RaceD．Fllw Yur Own Dream
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．C
【导语】本文建议我们不要与别人比较，要专注于自己。
1．细节理解题。根据“Even thugh cmparisns are cmmn and can smetimes be helpful, fcusing n yur wn prgress is imprtant fr yur happiness.”可知，尽管比较很常见，有时也有帮助，但关注自己的进步对你的快乐很重要。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“But I suggest cmparing yurself t yur past self and yur future self. This can make yu feel prud f what yu’ve achieved and excited abut what yu might d.”可知，把自己和过去的自己进行比较，会让你对自己所取得的成就感到自豪。故选D。
3．词句猜测题。分析“‘If yu begin t feel quite lw, fcus n yur wn strengths.’ says Jack. In ther wrds, yu can ask yurself questins like ‘What can I d well in?’, which can help yu trust yurself.”可知，如果你开始感觉很低落，关注自己的优势，找到自己的优势，可以帮助你信任自己。yur wn strengths指的是优势。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据“He als mentins that learning t celebrate yur friends’ success can nt nly help t cheer yur friends up but als help yu feel gd. It will encurage yu t build each ther up.”可知，怀特博士建议学会庆祝朋友的成功不仅能让你的朋友高兴起来，也能让你感觉良好，它会鼓励你们互相帮助。故选C。
5．最佳标题题。本文建议我们不要与别人比较，要专注于自己。选项C“走自己的路”符合主题。故选C。
2、（2022·浙江衢州·中考真题）
Opinins n Life Skills Educatin
Althugh students are busy studying, it is imprtant t remember anther area f study life skills, such as washing clthes and grwing vegetables. They are useful in ur daily life. Here are sme pinins abut life skills educatin.
Mrs. Blair
Children need t learn mst f the life skills at schl. As parents, we can help them take part in activities arund the huse and in the neighburhd.
Li Ping
We have life skills classes at schl. They’re quite useful. They help prepare fr everyday real-life situatins, frm washing dishes t preparing a meal. These classes give us knwledge we need t live n ur wn.
Kevin
I’m nt sure whether it is necessary because I haven’t tried life skills classes yet. In my schl, many students pay n attentin t learning life skills. They dn’t think it will imprve their chances f getting int cllege.
Mary
Having life skills classes at schl is imprtant. Besides, there are ther ways fr us t learn life skills. We can watch vides n the Internet. We can als learn frm ur parents and take part in the activities with them.
6．In Kevin’s pinin, many students pay n attentin t learning life skills because ________.
A．they are nt interested in itB．it’s helpless fr attending cllege
C．they are nt sure what t learnD．it’s useless t imprve living level
7．Accrding t Li Ping, what can we get frm life skills educatin?
A．Knwledge fr cllege.B．Chances t help ur neighburs.
C．Knwledge fr living alne.D．Chances t learn frm ur parents.
8．Wh have the same pinin n life skills educatin accrding t the text?
A．Li Ping, Kevin and Mary.B．Mrs. Blair, Kevin and Mary.
C．Mrs. Blair, Li Ping and Kevin.D．Mrs. Blair, Li Ping and Mary.
【答案】6．B 7．C 8．D
【导语】本文介绍几个人对于生活技能教育的看法。
6．细节理解题。根据“In my schl, many students pay n attentin t learning life skills. They dn’t think it will imprve their chances f getting int cllege.”可知，许多学生不重视学习生活技能，因为他们认为这不会提高他们进入大学的机会。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据“These classes give us knwledge we need t live n ur wn.”可知，这些课程为我们提供了独立生活所需的知识。故选C。
8．细节理解题。根据“Mrs. Blair Children need t learn mst f the life skills at schl.”，“Li Ping They’re quite useful.”和“Mary Having life skills classes at schl is imprtant.”可知，Mrs. Blair，Li Ping和Mary有相同的看法，故选D。
3、（2022·湖北黄石·中考真题）
Nwadays, experts call n high schl students t read as many literary classics (文学名著) as pssible. What d yu think f it?
Linda: We dn’t have enugh life experiences, s we may have difficulty understanding the deeper classics. But this shuldn’t be a reasn t give up reading classics. As Francis Bacn said, “Reading makes a full man; cnference (谈话) a ready man; and writing an exact man.”
Curry: Classics are the treasures ur ancestrs left us. We shuld read them and pass them dwn. As the ld Chinese saying ges, “One wh is filled with knwledge always behaves well.” Classics can pen up ur minds and develp ur interest in culture.
Frank: Withut backgrund and life experiences, students can’t understand what writers want t express in their classics. While reading, sme students mainly pay attentin t wrds and expressins rather than the hidden ideas. Fr this reasn, reading classics might be a waste f time.
Mary: On the ne hand, nt all classics are suitable (合适的) fr all students, as there are many difficult expressins and deep ideas. On the ther hand, the special writing styles make it difficult fr students t understand. S they wn’t prbably chse them.
9．Wh agrees with the idea f reading literary classics?
A．Linda & Curry.B．Linda & Mary.C．Curry & Frank.D．Frank & Mary.
10．What des Curry think f literary classics?
A．They imprve students’ reading skills.B．They develp students’ interest in culture.
C．They help students learn mre wrds.D．They can change students’ persnalities (个性).
11．Frank thinks classics are nt wrth reading because ________.
A．the writers live in different cuntries
B．students prefer t read abut life experiences
C．students might pay mre attentin t wrds and expressins
D．students might nt understand the writing styles
12．Bth Linda and Curry explain their ideas by ________.
A．listing examplesB．shwing numbers
C．giving qutes (引语)D．making cmparisns (对比)
13．What des the passage talk abut?
A．Why literary classics becme ppular in high schls.
B．Whether high schl students shuld read literary classics.
C．Why high schl students shuld read literary classics.
D．Hw high schls shuld help students imprve reading skills.
【答案】9．A 10．B 11．C 12．C 13．B
【导语】本文主要谈论了高中生是否应该读文学名著。四个人给出他们各自的观点。
9．细节理解题。根据“Linda: We dn’t have enugh life experiences, s we may have difficulty understanding the deeper classics. But this shuldn’t be a reasn t give up reading classics.”（Linda：我们没有足够的生活经验，所以我们可能难以理解更深层次的经典。但这不应该成为放弃阅读经典的理由。）以及“Curry: Classics are the treasures ur ancestrs left us. We shuld read them and pass them dwn. ”（Curry：经典是我们祖先留给我们的财富。我们应该阅读它们并将其传下去。）可知Linda和Curry同意阅读文学名著，故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据“Classics can pen up ur minds and develp ur interest in culture.”可知Curry认为经典培养学生对文化的兴趣。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据“Withut backgrund and life experiences, students can’t understand what writers want t express in their classics. While reading, sme students mainly pay attentin t wrds and expressins rather than the hidden ideas. Fr this reasn, reading classics might be a waste f time.”（没有背景和生活经历，学生们无法理解作家想要在他们的经典作品中表达什么。在阅读时，一些学生主要关注单词和表达，而不是隐藏的思想。因此，阅读经典可能是浪费时间。）可知Frank认为经典名著不值得读，因为学生可能会更注意单词和表达，故选C。
12．细节理解题。根据“As Francis Bacn said, ‘Reading makes a full man; cnference (谈话) a ready man; and writing an exact man.’”以及“As the ld Chinese saying ges, ‘One wh is filled with knwledge always behaves well.’”可知Linda和Curry都通过引用名言来解释他们的想法，故选C。
13．主旨大意题。根据“Nwadays, experts call n high schl students t read as many literary classics (文学名著) as pssible. What d yu think f it?”可知本文主要谈论了高中生是否应该读文学名著。故选B。
4、（2022·北京·中考真题）
When it cmes t a meaningful life, we might think f lve, happiness and health. A life filled with meaning is what mst f us want fr urselves. Then, what makes a meaningful life?
Many researchers agree that a meaningful life cmes dwn t three factrs (因素): having lng-term gals, believing that ne’s life matters, and feeling that ne’s life fits tgether and “makes sense”.
But we believe there is mre t cnsider. Smetimes life enables us t experience small mments f beauty. When peple are pen t appreciating (欣赏) such experiences, these mments may imprve hw they see their wn life. We call this experiential appreciatin (EA). EA is abut the persn feeling cnnected t events and being able t appreciate the value within the cnnectin. It shws the discvery f and admiratin fr life’s beauty.
We recently set ut t better understand EA in studies. We were interested in whether EA was als tied t general judgment f meaning in life. If s, it culd be a factr fr meaningfulness.
In the first study, we had peple rate (评估) their supprt fr different methds f reducing stress. We fund that peple wh managed stress by fcusing n their appreciatin fr life’s beauty als reprted experiencing life as highly meaningful.
In the next study, we asked peple t rate the degree t which they agreed with varius statements, such as “I appreciate the beauty f life” and “I appreciate little things in life,” as well as ther statements that related t the three factrs and a general sense f meaning in life. Our results shwed that the mre peple reprted that they were “appreciating life” and its many experiences, the mre they felt their life was valuable.
In the fllwing studies, we further lked at the cnnectin between EA and meaningfulness. Fr example, we fund that peple wh were asked t lk back n the mst meaningful event f the past week generally reprted high EA in thse mments.
All the results prved ur thery (假设) true. But putting it int practice can be difficult. Our fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with gals. We try t get the highest utput bth at wrk and in spare time. This fcus n future utcmes makes it all t easy t miss what is happening right nw. We shuld slw dwn and let life surprise us.
14．Yu were mst prbably in the EA cnditin when _________.
A．yu made a travel plan fr the cming hliday B．yu hurried t serve the custmers in the stre
C．yu practiced hard t becme the best vilinist D．yu stpped t admire the rses by the radside
15．What can we learn frm the studies mentined in the passage?
A．Thinking back t the past weakens ur sense f meaning.
B．Enjying small things can influence ur attitude tward life.
C．Prper stress management is the key t living a satisfying life.
D．Gd judgment n beauty imprves cnnectins amng peple.
16．What des the last paragraph mainly tell us?
A．It is easier fr results-driven peple t achieve success. B．We ften turn a blind eye t the present mment.
C．A fast-paced lifestyle helps us reach ur gals. D．Future life will bring us many mre surprises.
17．What is the writer’s main purpse in writing this passage?
A．T explain hw t discver beauty in life. B．T discuss what the true meaning f life is.
C．T intrduce a new factr fr a meaningful life. D．T cmpare different factrs fr meaningfulness.
【答案】14．D 15．B 16．B 17．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，讨论是什么让生活变得有意义。
14．推理判断题。根据“When peple are pen t appreciating (欣赏) such experiences, these mments may imprve hw they see their wn life. We call this experiential appreciatin (EA).”可知，当人们乐于欣赏这样的经历时，这些时刻可能会改善他们对自己生活的看法，我们称之为体验欣赏。选项D“你停下来欣赏路边的玫瑰”符合，故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据“Smetimes life enables us t experience small mments f beauty. When peple are pen t appreciating (欣赏) such experiences, these mments may imprve hw they see their wn life.”可知，生活让我们体验到美丽的小瞬间，当人们乐于欣赏这样的经历时，这些时刻可能会改善他们对自己生活的看法。故选B。
16．段落大意题。根据“This fcus n future utcmes makes it all t easy t miss what is happening right nw. ”可知，我们经常忽略当下正在发生的一切。故选B。
17．主旨大意题。根据第三段“But we believe there is mre t cnsider.”本文主要讨论有意义的生活的一个新的要素，故选C。
5、（2022·山东菏泽·中考真题）
They say nce yu learn hw t ride a bike, yu never frget. Mst f us learnt when we were kids, and many still sht ff fr a ride arund the streets. In recent times, cycling has seen a rise in ppularity, s the questin is: what makes it s ppular t peple t ride their bikes nce again?
First, let’s lk at the gd fr health. Cycling can imprve yur health and burn extra bdy fat. Exercising yur legs helps t increase yur strength. And cycling’s gd isn’t just physical, but mental(精神的) as well. A lng ride in the cuntryside culd help yu t clear yur mind, r lwer yur wrry. But it’s nt nly abut yur bdy and mind, there are als sme gd sides fr yur wallet’s(钱包) health.
Cycling can be a great way t g t wrk r g arund twn. By cycling, yu save mney instead f driving a car r taking a bus. If yu drive t wrk, smetimes finding smewhere t park can be a very difficult thing. Hwever, finding smewhere t lck yur bike can be much simpler. Then, n the bus, there are changes at statins and ther passengers speaking ludly n their phnes t deal with. Cyclists face neither f these prblems. And if yu’re wrried abut safety, there are special cycle ways in many big cities. Wearing high-visibility(高能见度) clthing is anther way t imprve yur safety when cycling n the rads.
Finally, cycling can als be gd fr the envirnment. It can help yu t reduce yur carbn ftprint(碳足迹). Nt giving gases ut int the air is better fr the planet and yur wn envirnment.
S, whether peple want t cycle fr their health, ging arund twn, their wallet, the envirnment, r a cmbinatin(结合) f all f them, the ppularity f cycling is n the rise.
18．What is the purpse f the first paragraph?
A．T explain a reasn. B．T raise a questin. C．T give an example.
19．What is the meaning f “wallet's health” in Paragraph 2?
A．Cycling saves mney. B．Cycling wastes mney. C．Cycling keeps yur wallet safe.
20．Why is cycling gd fr the envirnment?
A．It burns extra bdy fat. B．It is easy t lck a bicycle. C．It helps reduce carbn ftprint.
21．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Cycling fr physical health. B．Cycling fr safety n the rad. C．The grwing ppularity f cycling.
【答案】18．B 19．A 20．C 21．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了骑自行车再次受到欢迎的现象以及原因。
18．推理判断题。根据“In recent times, cycling has seen a rise in ppularity, s the questin is: what makes it s ppular t peple t ride their bikes nce again?”可知, 第一段的目的是引出话题：为什么骑自行车如此受欢迎。故选B。
19．词义猜测题。根据“By cycling, yu save mney instead f driving a car r taking a bus.”可知, 骑自行车可以省钱，因此“wallet’s health”指的是“骑自行车很省钱”。故选A。
20．细节理解题。根据“It can help yu t reduce yur carbn ftprint. Nt giving gases ut int the air is better fr the planet and yur wn envirnment.”可知, 骑自行车对环境有好处是因为有助于减少碳足迹。故选C。
21．主旨大意题。根据第一段“what makes it s ppular t peple t ride their bikes nce again?”与最后一段“S, whether peple want t cycle fr their health, ging arund twn, their wallet, the envirnment, r a cmbinatin f all f them, the ppularity f cycling is n the rise.”以及通读全文可知, 本文主要介绍了骑自行车再次受到欢迎的现象以及原因。C选项“骑自行车越来越受欢迎。”符合主题。故选C。
6、（2022·四川广安·中考真题）
Yu may knw abut “junk fd” like French fries. But d yu knw abut “junk sleep”? Recently, a British survey（调查）shws that there are many electrnic prducts in teenagers’ bedrms. They are influencing teenagers’ sleep badly.
The survey was dne amng 1,000 British kids frm 12 t 16. It fund that 50% f them gt just 4 t 7 hurs’ sleep every day. But dctrs say they need 8 t 9 hurs.
Almst 25% f the kids said they ften fell asleep while they were watching TV, listening t music r using ther electrnic prducts.
“This is very wrrying,” said Dr. Chris, a British prfessr（教授）. “We call it ‘junk sleep’. It means yu dn’t get enugh sleep and the quality（质量）f the sleep is lw, t. If yu dn’t get a gd rest, yu wn’t d well in schl the next day.”
The survey fund that quite a few f the kids felt tired each day because f the junk sleep, especially girls between 13 and 16 feeling the wrst. Nearly all the teenagers have a phne, MP5 r TV in their bedrms. And lts f them even have all the three.
Dr. Chris suggested that parents shuld help their children keep away frm electrnic prducts, and teenagers shuld spend less time n the electrnic prducts.
22．What des this passage mainly talk abut?
A．Junk fd.B．Junk sleep.
C．Electrnic prducts.D．The imprtance f sleep.
23．Hw many f the children sleep nly 4 t 7 hurs a day in the survey?
A．200.B．250.C．500.D．1000.
24．“Junk fd” and “junk sleep” are similar t each ther because ________.
A．they are bth lw in qualityB．they are bth needed in ur life
C．they are bth enjyed at weekendsD．they are bth necessary fr peple’s health
25．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．Teenagers f 12 t 16 nly need 4 t 7 hurs’ sleep each day.
B．Few f the teenagers have electrnic prducts in their bedrms.
C．Teenagers spend t much time n electrnic prducts.
D．Girls between 13 and 16 spend the least time n electrnic prducts.
26．Which f the fllwing shuld be the best way t slve the prblem?
A．Parents must take the electrnic prducts away frm their children.
B．Parents stp the teenagers frm using any electrnic prduct.
C．Teenagers shuld decide nt t use the electrnic prducts.
D．Teenagers shuld spend less time n the electrnic prducts.
【答案】22．B 23．C 24．A 25．C 26．D
【导语】本文讲述青少年床上的电子产品会影响到他们的睡眠，导致垃圾睡眠。
22．主旨大意题。根据第一段“junk sleep”及“there are many electrnic prducts in teenagers’ bedrms. They are influencing teenagers’ sleep badly”，可知文章主要介绍了垃圾睡眠。故选B。
23．推理判断题。根据第二段“The survey was dne amng 1,000 British kids frm 12 t 16. It fund that 50% f them gt just 4 t 7 hurs’ sleep every day”可知，有1000个孩子参与调查，其中50%的孩子每天只睡4到7小时，可知只睡四到七个小时的人数是1000×50%=500人。故选C。
24．推理判断题。根据第四段“We call it ‘junk sleep’. It means yu dn’t get enugh sleep and the quality f the sleep is bad, t”可知，垃圾睡眠指睡眠质量不好，垃圾食品指的是质量不好的食品，可推断两者质量都不好。故选A。
25．推理判断题。根据最后一段“parents shuld help their children keep away frm electrnic prducts, and teenagers shuld spend less time n the electrnic prducts”父母应该帮助孩子远离电子产品，青少年花费在电子产品上的时间应该更少。可知，青少年花费在电子产品上的时间太多了。故选C。
26．推理判断题。根据最后一段“parents shuld help their children keep away frm electrnic prducts, and teenagers shuld spend less time n the electrnic prducts”可知，电子产品影响青少年的睡眠，解决问题的最好的办法是花更少的时间在电子产品上。故选D。
7、（2022·湖北鄂州·中考真题）
In my pinin, China’s “Duble Reductin” Plicy（“双减”政策）aimed at easing（减轻）educatin-related pressure n parents and children is effective. Nw take my hme as an example t shw hw it wrks.
“Dad! Get up! Yu prmised t take us t the z tday!” my tw daughters shuted tgether ne recent Saturday mrning. The clck had just struck seven, but ur huse had already gtten nisier than the mnkeys in the z!
Fr families with children, weekends have becme very different. In the past, my wife and I culd at least sleep in（睡懒觉）. Then at 9 ’clck, we had t wake up the kids. After thrwing them int a tutring class（辅导班）, we culd enjy several hurs t urselves. But nw, these classes are gne altgether. Kids, f curse, are happy abut this. Every Tuesday r Wednesday evening, my girls wuld ask me, “Where are we ging t spend this cming Saturday?”
Luckily, there are still sme classes fr them t attend. On Sundays, my girls g t learn ballet and chess. They really enjy their time there. My elder daughter is ld enugh t read quietly n her wn. On lucky days, we can get her t read tgether with her sister. Still, a quiet “cmpetitin” is n. My girls smetimes talk abut hw their classmates have spent an exciting weekend. It’s their way f cmplaining abut my laziness.
Weekends are mre tiring nw fr parents, but I think they are gd fr kids. After all, childhd shuld be mre than just studying schl subjects. It shuld be mre clrful.
27．What is the aim f the “Duble Reductin” Plicy?
A．T ease educatin-related pressure n parents and children.
B．T make parents stay with their children at weekends.
C．T make parents have mre time fr themselves at weekends.
D．T make children and their parents have a gd time at weekends.
28．What did the writer d with his children ne recent Saturday mrning?
A．They travelled t the cuntryside.B．They went camping.
C．They went t the z.D．They went t a tutring class.
29．When the tutring classes are gne altgether, children are________.
A．tiredB．sadC．happyD．surprised
30．Which f the fllwing is NOT true?
A．The writer’s elder daughter is ld enugh t read quietly by herself.
B．The “Duble Reductin” Plicy is effective.
C．The writer’s children learn ballet and chess n Sundays nw.
D．Weekends are mre relaxing fr parents because f the “Duble Reductin” Plicy.
31．What might be the writer’s attitude（态度）tward the Plicy?
A．Supprtive.B．Disapprving.C．Dubtful.D．Unsure.
【答案】27．A 28．C 29．C 30．D 31．A
【导语】本文主要讲述中国的 “双减”政策对父母和孩子的影响。
27．细节理解题。根据第一段“China’s ‘Duble Reductin’ Plicy aimed at easing educatin-related pressure n parents and children is effective”可知，中国“双减”政策的目的是为了减轻父母和孩子与教育有关的压力。故选A。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段“ ‘Dad! Get up! Yu prmised t take us t the z tday!’ my tw daughters shuted tgether ne recent Saturday mrning.”可知，在最近的周六，作者和孩子去了动物园。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段“But nw, these classes are gne altgether. Kids, f curse, are happy abut this”可知，辅导班的课取消之后，孩子们很开心。故选C。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Weekends are mre tiring nw fr parents”可知，现在周末对于父母来说更累了。D选项表述错误。故选D。
31．态度观点题。根据最后一段“I think they are gd fr kids”及“childhd shuld be mre than just studying schl subjects. It shuld be mre clrful”可知，作者认为这个政策对孩子是有好处的，对于“双减”政策是支持的态度。故选A。
8、（2022·湖南永州·中考真题）
On August 30, 2021, the Chinese gvernment annunced that kids wuld nt be allwed t play nline games Mndays t Thursdays. On weekends and hlidays, kids wuld be limited(限制) t an hur a day f nline gaming. “Recently, many parents have reprted that playing games crazily amng sme yuths and children is seriusly harming their nrmal study, life and health.” the Chinese gvernment said nline. This news gt us thinking. Shuld the gvernment be respnsible fr limiting hw much time kids spend nline? Here are sme students’pinins.
Esme McNeely, 11
The gvernment shuld nt set screen-time limits. That decisin shuld be up t parents. Sme children need t use screens fr hmewrk. And during the COVID-19, ne f the nly ways t talk t friends was nline. Gvernment limits wuld nt be fair t peple wh are careful with their screen time.
Lucas Barne, 11
The gvernment shuld nt limit screen time. A 2021 study frm the University f Clrad Bulder says screen time might be less harmful t kids than peple think. Sme parents wrry that children nline t much wn’t make friends. But the study reprts that screen time can actually imprve kids’friendships. In fact, screen time can be educatinal. I use websites t read and t learn math.
Xiuhan Zhu, 9
I think the gvernment shuld take actin and limit screen time fr kids. T much screen time can lead t tiredness and less scial time. Peple wh use smartphnes are mre likely t get int car accidents. Electrical prducts like cmputers can als be harmful fr kids. If kids aren’t careful with the websites they use, criminals can get imprtant infrmatin.
Ning Li, 10
Mst peple spend t much time n their phnes and TVs. They hurt their eyes and waste their time. And watching a lt f TV r playing games can influence kids’ learning and scial skills. If the gvernment limited screen time, peple wuld be encuraged t spend mre time with their family. They might jin a sprts team in their neighbrhd.
32．When are kids allwed t play nline games fr an hur a day?
A．On Mndays.B．On Wednesday.C．On weekends.
33．Wh is against screen-time limits?
A．Esme McNeely.B．Xiuhan Zhu.C．Ning Li.
34．What des the study frm he University f Clrad Bulder shw?
A．Screen time might d n harm t kids.
B．Screen time can imprve kids’ friendships.
C．Screen time wn’t help kids make friends.
35．What are Ning Li’s pinins abut screen-time limits?
A．T much screen time can lead t tiredness.
B．Criminals can get imprtant infrmatin easily.
C．Peple are encuraged t spend mre time with their family.
36．What is the article mainly abut?
A．Screen time can be educatinal.
B．Screen time can lead t less scial time.
C．Whether the gvernment shuld set screen-time limits.
【答案】32．C 33．A 34．B 35．C 36．C
【导语】本文针对政府是否应该负责限制孩子们花在网上的时间，几个孩子给出了自己的看法。
32．细节理解题。根据“On weekends and hlidays, kids wuld be limited(限制) t an hur a day f nline gaming.”可知，在周末和节假日，孩子们每天只能玩一个小时的网络游戏。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据“Esme McNeely, gvernment shuld nt set screen-time limits.”可知，Esme McNeely反对限制，故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据“A 2021 study frm the University f Clrad Bulder says screen time might be less harmful t kids than peple think. Sme parents wrry that children nline t much wn’t make friends. But the study reprts that screen time can actually imprve kids’friendships.”可知，科罗拉多大学博尔德分校2021年的一项研究称，屏幕时间对孩子的伤害可能比人们想象的要小，一些家长担心孩子上网太多会交不到朋友，但研究报告称，屏幕时间实际上可以改善孩子们的友谊。故选B。
35．细节理解题。根据“If the gvernment limited screen time, peple wuld be encuraged t spend mre time with their family.”可知，如果限制屏幕时间，人们就会被鼓励花更多的时间和家人在一起。故选C。
36．主旨大意题。本文针对政府是否应该负责限制孩子们花在网上的时间，几个孩子给出了自己的看法。选项C“政府是否应该设置屏幕时间限制”符合主题，故选C。
9、（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）
There is n dubt that technlgy has had a big influence n ur lives. Peple frm all arund the wrld can nw talk t each ther almst at nce n mbile phnes and the Internet. Peple can easily slve their prblems with the help f cmputers and the wrld wide web. With this technlgy, it seems that the wrld is mre cnnected nw than ever befre. Even s, there have been wrries abut technlgy making peple feel lnely and discnnected frm thers arund them.
S des this mean that technlgy makes us lnely?
In my pinin, it is hard t say Yes r N.
It’s true that humans need cmmunicatin with each ther. If we depend n technlgy t much t cmmunicate, this can badly impact ur mental (心理的) health. Fr me, technlgy is a tl. And just like any ther kind f tl — like scissrs, a pencil r a ruler, fr example, it depends n hw we use it: in a right way r in a right place. Take scial media (社交媒体) as an example. If yu nly use it t cmpare yurself with thers, yu might feel sad and lnely. But if yu use it as a tl t cnnect with friends and family r t start a new cmmunity t talk abut yur hbbies and interests, the lneliness will turn int lve and friendship.
When yu feel lnely after staring at yur cmputer screen all day, maybe yu can use that technlgy t reach ut t a reliable (可靠的) friend and invite him r her ut fr lunch r a cffee.
37．Accrding t the writer, technlgy is ________ .
A．a tlB．an influence
C．a pair f scissrsD．a way f cmmunicatin
38．What’s the meaning f the underlined wrd “impact” in Paqugraph 4?
A．帮助B．促进C．影响D．进入
39．Accrding t the passage, if peple use technlgy t much, peple may ________ .
A．sleep lessB．live lngerC．feel lnelyD．get mre jbs
40．When we use technlgy t________ thers, we can find lve and friendship.
A．argue withB．cmpete withC．cnnect withD．cmpare with
41．What’s the main idea f the passage?
A．Scial media is imprtant t us.B．Technlgy can be gd and bad t us.
C．Peple need t cmmunicate with each ther.D．Cmputers and the Internet help us with ur wrk.
【答案】37．A 38．C 39．C 40．C 41．B
【导语】本文介绍技术对我们的生活产生了很大的影响，在带来便利的同时，使人们之间的交流变少了。作者呼吁我们可以多和朋友出去。
37．细节理解题。根据“Fr me, technlgy is a tl.”可知，对作者来说，技术是一种工具。故选A。
38．词句猜测题。分析“If we depend n technlgy t much t cmmunicate, this can badly impact ur mental (心理的) health.”可知，如果我们过于依赖技术来交流，这会严重影响我们的心理健康。此处impact的意思是“影响”，故选C。
39．细节理解题。根据“Even s, there have been wrries abut technlgy making peple feel lnely and discnnected frm thers arund them.”可知，有人担心科技会让人们感到孤独，与周围的人失去联系。故选C。
40．细节理解题。根据“But if yu use it as a tl t cnnect with friends and family r t start a new cmmunity t talk abut yur hbbies and interests, the lneliness will turn int lve and friendship.”可知，如果你把技术作为与朋友和家人联系的工具，或者建立一个新的社区来谈论你的爱好和兴趣，孤独就会变成爱和友谊。故选C。
41．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍技术对我们的生活产生了很大的影响，在为我们带来便利的同时，也带来了问题。故选B。
10、（2022·重庆·中考真题）
We all have thse mments when bright ideas hit us, but nt everyne can develp such mments int the fruits f creative thinking. While we believe creative thinking is the falling apple f Isaac Newtn, ne f the greatest scientists, we seldm ntice that creative thinking is in fact a prcess (过程).
Let’s lk at what happened in 1666.
Sitting in the garden, Newtn watched an apple fall frm a tree. He began t wnder if the same frce that pulled the apple dwn als kept the mn circling the earth. Newtn believed it did. He called it “gravity (重力)”.
This stry has becme ne f the mst ppular examples f “eureka” mments. But when we cheer fr the great discvery, the whle prcess f creative thinking shuldn’t be frgtten.
Newtn studied mathematics fr lng t have a better understanding f the wrld. He always enjyed finding new ways t slve prblems. The falling apple was nly the fruit f years f hard wrk befre. It als started the train f thught that cntinued fr the next twenty years.
Newtn began t examine “gravity” carefully. He experimented (实验). Then he studied the results and used what he had learned t d new experiments. In 1687, the greatest scientific wrk ever written came ut.
The whle prcess f creative thinking wrks the same in ur life.
In schl, we prepare urselves fr the right mment. Once the mment cmes, we catch it and then keep n wrking in the years t cme. It takes much t get the fruits f creative thinking, but the sweetest fruits will be ready fr thse wh wait the lngest.
42．Yu may read the passage in a ________.
A．nticeB．pictureC．magazineD．dictinary
43．The underlined wrd “eureka” in Paragraph (段落) 4 prbably means “________”.
A．I’ve gt itB．I give upC．I’ve n ideaD．I believe it
44．The writer mainly develps his idea by ________.
A．raising questinsB．giving examples
C．listing numbersD．explaining differences
45．The creative thinking prcess fr Newtn fllws the rder f ________.
a. He caught the right mment. b. He did experiments ver and ver.
c. He saw an apple fall frm a tree. d. He studied mathematics fr lng.
A．a-c-d-bB．b-a-c-dC．a-b-c-dD．d-c-a-b
【答案】42．C 43．A 44．B 45．D
【导语】本文以牛顿的故事为例告诉我们创造性思维实际是一个过程。
42．推理判断题。本文以牛顿的故事为例告诉我们创造性思维实际是一个过程。有可能在杂志中读到。故选C。
43．词义猜测题。根据“But when we cheer fr the great discvery, the whle prcess f creative thinking shuldn’t be frgtten.”及“This stry has becme ne f the mst ppular examples”可知此处表示牛顿发现“重力”的事情是一个重大发现的例子，eureka意为“（欢呼）找到了；有了”，即“I’ve gt it”。故选A。
44．篇章结构题。根据“While we believe creative thinking is the falling apple f Isaac Newtn, ne f the greatest scientists, we seldm ntice that creative thinking is in fact a prcess.”及文中就牛顿的事例作出的讨论，可知作者主要通过举例子来阐述他的思想。故选B。
45．排序题。根据“Newtn studied mathematics fr lng t have a better understanding f the wrld. ... The falling apple was nly the fruit f years f hard wrk befre. It als started the train f thught that cntinued fr the next twenty years. ... He experimented.”可知牛顿学了很久数学（d），之后他看见一个苹果从树上掉下来（c），他抓住了这个时刻（a）并反复做实验（b），正确的排序是d-c-a-b。故选D。
1、（2022·山东济宁·九年级期末）
Hlidays play an imprtant part in ur life. We wrk hard during the year, s we feel tired and stressed at times. We need hlidays t relax, even if they nly last fr a few days. This is especially true fr wmen. They culd get away frm their husbands, children and family fr even ne week in the year.
Hlidays have many gd results. Firstly, they can imprve the ecnmy (经济). If there were n hlidays, peple wuld have little time t spend the mney they earn. Secndly, hlidays allw peple t relax after wrking hard thrughut the year. During and after the hlidays, peple feel mre relaxed and energetic, they then bring this energy t wrk when they cntinue wrking. Lastly, hlidays help peple learn hw t enjy life. Mst peple imprve their relatinships with their ther family members during hlidays.
Hwever, hlidays als have bad aspects (方面). Fr example, many peple said that they culdn’t enjy shpping r travelling because there were s many peple shpping and travelling, t. Anyway, mst peple realize that they need hlidays. I can’t imagine what peple’s lives wuld be like if there were n hlidays.
1．Peple need hlidays because _________.
A．they need t spend mneyB．they need t relax after the hard wrk
C．they want t make mre friendsD．they want t run away frm the real life
2．Hw many advantages d hlidays have accrding t the passage?
A．Tw.B．Three.C．Fur.D．Five.
3．Which f the fllwing is NOT true?
A．Peple can feel mre relaxed after hlidays.
B．Peple will knw hw t enjy life during hlidays.
C．The disadvantages f hlidays are mre than their advantages.
D．Peple can have mre energy t wrk after hlidays.
4．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) t hlidays?
A．There shuldn’t be mre hlidays.B．Hlidays can bring sme prblems t us.
C．Hlidays are necessary.D．Hlidays are nt s imprtant as mney.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了假期的重要性。
1．细节理解题。根据“We wrk hard during the year, s we feel tired and stressed at times. We need hlidays t relax, even if they nly last fr a few days.”可知，人们需要假期，因为他们需要在辛苦工作后放松。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“Firstly, they can imprve the ecnmy (经济).”，“Secndly, hlidays allw peple t relax after wrking hard thrughut the year.”和“Lastly, hlidays help peple learn hw t enjy life.”可知，一共有三个好处。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“Anyway, mst peple realize that they need hlidays. I can’t imagine what peple’s lives wuld be like if there were n hlidays.”可知，假期对人们的生活来说是很重要的，人们都很需要假期，故C选项“假期的弊大于利。”是错误的。故选C。
4．观点态度题。根据“Anyway, mst peple realize that they need hlidays. I can’t imagine what peple’s lives wuld be like if there were n hlidays.”可知，作者认为假期是必要的。故选C。
2、（2022·北京通州·九年级期末）
Since the first text message was sent in 1992, text messaging has becme ne f the mst ppular frms f cmmunicatin, especially with the yunger generatin. Billins f messages are sent every year. But has this technlgy really imprved inter persnal cmmunicatin?
Being able t send shrt and written messages by mbile phne has clearly advanced cmmunicatin. The greatest benefit f texting is that it allws us t cmmunicate directly with ther peple wherever they are, withut interrupting them in the way that a phne call wuld. It allws ther peple t reply whenever it is cnvenient fr them t d s.
Sending a text message, fr example t tell where t meet smene, is a simple and effective（有效的） way f cmmunicating. Different frm writing letters r emails, peple usually nly include the key infrmatin in a text message. Text messaging is als a cheap frm f cmmunicatin and therefre, it is especially welcmed by yung peple.
Hwever, there are strng arguments t suggest that text messaging has a negative influence n hw we cmmunicate. One dwnside is that there is a tendency fr peple t use text messages as an excuse t get ut f cnversatins which might be uncmfrtable t have either face-t-face r n the phne. What’s mre, peple increasingly text while they are with ther peple, suddenly breaking ff a cnversatin and fcusing n their phne screens. Hwever, perhaps the mst imprtant and wrrying dwnside f texting is the influence that it is having n written cmmunicatin. Teachers cmplain that the idisyncratic（另类的） language f text messages, such as abbreviated（缩写的）wrds and the use f letters and numbers, has made a generatin f yung peple unable t spell r frm crrect sentences.
In my view, text messaging has imprved cmmunicatin cnsiderably and it is highly useful, fr example, if yu are trying t cntact（联系）smene in a very nisy place. It is a necessary piece f technlgy.
5．What d Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A．The develpment f texting cmmunicatin. B．The imprtance f cmmunicatin ways.
C．The benefits f texting t cmmunicatin. D．The differences between texting and phne calling.
6．The wrd “tendency” in Paragraph 4 prbably means “________”.
A．plan that peple want t change B．gal that is difficult t achieve
C．decisin that peple make tgether D．behavir that starts t develp
7．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Text messages may need t include mre infrmatin.
B．Texting has helped t imprve written cmmunicatin.
C．Face-t-face cnversatins may be interrupted by texting.
D．Teachers shuld tell students hw t use text messages crrectly.
8．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Shuld we text messages r make phne calls?
B．Is texting an imprtant advance in cmmunicatin?
C．Can technlgy imprve interpersnal cmmunicatin?
D．Has texting becme the mst ppular frm f cmmunicatin?
【答案】5．C 6．D 7．C 8．B
【导语】本文主要阐述了发短信进行交流的利和弊。
5．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“The greatest benefit f texting is that it allws us t cmmunicate directly with ther peple wherever they are, withut interrupting them in the way that a phne call wuld.”和第三段中“ Text messaging is als a cheap frm f cmmunicatin”可知，两段均讲述了发短信的好处。故选C。
6．词句猜测题。根据“One dwnside is that there is a tendency fr peple t use text messages as an excuse t get ut f cnversatins which might be uncmfrtable t have either face-t-face r n the phne. ”可知，一个缺点是，人们倾向于用短信作为借口，逃避面对面或电话交谈中可能会让人感到不舒服的谈话，因此猜测“tendency”意为“倾向，趋势”，即“behavir that starts t develp”。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段中“What’s mre, peple increasingly text while they are with ther peple, suddenly breaking ff a cnversatin and fcusing n their phne screens.”可知，人们越来越多地在和别人在一起时发短信，突然中断谈话，专注于手机，因此推测面对面的交谈可能会被短信打断。故选C。
8．最佳标题题。根据第一段“Since the first text message was sent in 1992… But has this technlgy really imprved inter persnal cmmunicatin?”可知，短信已经成为最受欢迎的交流方式之一，但这项技术真的改善了人与人之间的交流吗？因此作者是在讨论发短信是否是交流中的一个重要进步。故选B。
3、（2022·河南南阳·九年级期末）
In recent years, there have been many films abut rbts trying t take ver the wrld. Studies shw that up t 20 millin factry jbs wrldwide culd be taken by rbts in the next 10 years. Sme peple are wrried abut what might happen in the future.
On 8th September, 2020, the Guardian published (发表) an article written by a rbt called GPT-3. It wrte that “rbt” cmes frm the Greek wrd fr “slave”(奴隶) and humans have nthing t fear frm rbts, which are nly here t help humans. Hwever, the fact that a rbt culd write such an article has made sme peple feel even mre uneasy. Where is the rbt technlgy heading? Can rbts and humans wrk tgether?
YES-they’re here t help humans
Rbts are created by humans fr humans. Rbts take n jbs that are t dangerus fr peple t d by themselves. Althugh rbts might take sme peple’s jbs, they will create new types f wrk, and they will pssibly create mre jbs than they take away. Besides, rbts’ prgramming culd actually make them mre trustwrthy (可靠的)than humans, because they are nt influenced by feelings.
NO-humans shuld nt trust rbts
Rbts are already taking ver the wrld. Jbs that used t be dne by human beings are nw being taken by rbts. Althugh rbts are under ur cntrl nw, that might nt always be the case. An experiment in Switzerland fund that sme rbts had learnt hw t lie t each ther. With the develpment f AI (人工智能), rbts culd start t act in their wn interests. Wherever pssible, human shuld d things themselves.
What’s yur pinin n this matter?
9．What language des the wrd “rbt” cme frm? ________
A．Greek.B．English.C．German.D．French.
10．When learning that GPT-3 culd write an article,sme peple feel ________.
A．angryB．excitedC．nervusD．relaxed
11．What advantage f rbts is mentined in the text? ________
A．Acting in their wn interests. B．Develping filming technlgy.
C．Wrking with different feelings. D．Ding unsafe wrk fr humans.
12．Which is right accrding t the text? ________
A．GPT-3 will take ver the wrld. B．Sme rbts have learnt hw t be lazy.
C．Rbts are still under the cntrl f humans nw. D．20 millin peple fear that they will lse their jbs.
13．What’s the best title fr the text? ________
A．Will Rbts Becme Creative? B．Shuld Humans Believe in Rbts?
C．Will Rbts D Harm t Humans? D．Shuld Humans D Things Themselves?
【答案】9．A 10．C 11．D 12．C 13．B
【导语】本文就机器人技术的发展以及机器人是否能和人类一起工作，人类是否应该信任机器人等问题发表了不同的观点。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“It wrte that ‘rbt’ cmes frm the Greek wrd fr ‘slave’”可知，“机器人”一词来自希腊语。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段“…the fact that a rbt culd write such an article has made sme peple feel even mre uneasy”可知，知道GPT﹣3能写文章时，有些人感到紧张。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段“Rbts take n jbs that are t dangerus fr peple t d by themselves”可知，文中提到了机器人的优点是为人类做不安全的工作。故选D。
12．推理判断题。根据第四段“Althugh rbts are under ur cntrl nw”可知，机器人现在仍在人类的控制之下。故选C。
13．最佳标题题。本文就机器人技术的发展以及机器人是否能和人类一起工作，人类是否应该信任机器人等问题发表了不同的观点；可知，“人类应该相信机器人吗”符合文章标题。故选B。
4、（2022·北京海淀·九年级期末）
Imagine yu are rdering fr yur rmmates. Yu remember Laura prefers banana ice cream t chclate. It culd be a fact fr it was prved by bserving her behavir. Hwever, the ice cream preference culd be an pinin that shws her persnal chice. While it’s nice t think the wrld is clearly divided int matters f fact and matters f pinin, it’s nt always the case.
What we think are facts — thse things we think are true — can end up being wrng. Calling smething a fact is nt a prmise f infallibility (无误). The famus writer, Asimv expressed this in his article The Relativity f Wrng. Fr him, the persn wh thinks the Earth is flat is wrng, and s is the persn wh thinks the Earth is a sphere. A fact is usually used t represent the best knwledge we have at a certain time.
Then again, calling smething an pinin desn't mean an escape t the fairyland f wishful thinking. If we think f an pinin as ne persn’s view n a subject, then many pinins can be slid. Fr example, it’s my pinin that science prvides us with a pwerful tl t help understand ur place in the universe. It’s nt a fact that science des s, but it wrks fr me.
But we can be much clearer in ur meaning if we divide things int matters f fact and matters f pinin. Matters f fact are limited t empirical statements (实证表达), such as what the biling pint f water is. Matters f pinin are nn-empirical statements, which include questins f value and f persnal preference such as whether it's better t eat mre vegetables than meat.
Matters f pinin can be infrmed by matters f fact (fr example, finding ut that vegetables are rich in vitamins can change my fd preference), but finally they are nt answered by matters f fact (why des it matter t me that vegetables are rich in vitamins?)
Opinins are nt just pale shadws (影子) f facts. They are judgements and cnclusins. They can be the result f careful cnsideratin in areas fr which empirical research is nt enugh r ill-suited.
Facts and pinins shuldn’t be put in ppsitin t each ther, as they can bth play a necessary rle in ur decisin-making. But that’s just my pinin, nt a fact.
14．The writer mentins Asimv’s article in Paragraph 2 t shw ________.
A．different pinins result in heated arguments B．repeating facts can make thers agree with us
C．what we take as facts may turn ut t be wrng D．it is difficult t predict hw facts change ver time
15．The wrd “infrmed” in Paragraph 5 prbably means “________”.
A．influencedB．questinedC．replacedD．prved
16．The writer prbably agrees that ________.
A．pinins are mre imprtant than facts B．facts and pinins are nt against each ther
C．pinins can be the results f wishful thinking D．facts play an imprtant rle in scientific research
【答案】14．C 15．A 16．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述了作者认为事实和观点不应该相互对立，因为它们都可以在我们的决策中发挥必要的作用。
14．推理判断题。根据“What we think are facts — thse things we think are true — can end up being wrng. Calling smething a fact is nt a prmise f infallibility (无误). The famus writer, Asimv expressed this in his article.”可知，“this”指代“What we think are facts — thse things we think are true — can end up being wrng.”，因此作者提到Asimv文章是为了说明：我们认为是事实的东西最终可能是错误的。故选C。
15．词句猜测题。根据“Matters f pinin can be infrmed by matters f fact (fr example, finding ut that vegetables are rich in vitamins can change my fd preference)”可知，意见可以被事实影响，因此“infrmed”意为“influenced”。故选A。
16．推理判断题。根据“Facts and pinins shuldn’t be put in ppsitin t each ther, as they can bth play a necessary rle in ur decisin-making.”可知，作者认为事实和观点不应该相互对立，因为它们都可以在我们的决策中发挥必要的作用。故选B。
5、（2022·江苏盐城·九年级期末）
What if a bwl f ramen (拉面) made by a tp chef was placed in frnt f yu, but yu were t sick r tired t eat? It wuldn’t matter hw gd the ramen is any mre--yu wuldn’t enjy it anyway.
Say the bss decides t give yu an extra bwl f the wrld’s best ramen n the huse and lets yu invite smene t eat fr free. But yu d nt have any lved nes t invite nt even a clse friend. Yur feelings f lneliness will make the ramen tasteless as well.
Ramen is like the expensive things that many f us think we want in life. Nice cars, lng vacatins, fancy clthes. They’re nice t have, but we shuldn’t frget that the mst imprtant things in life are ur health and ur lved nes. We must first take gd care f ur health and ur lved nes befre we wrry abut having nice things.
Being rich is nt always abut having mre mney, it can als cme frm the heart. Having a rich heart is abut finding inner peace. Once yu have achieved this, yu will be thankful fr what yu have and be less bthered by what yu dn’t have. Otherwise, all the riches in the wrld will nt be able t fill yur heart.
The next time yu are enjying a bwl f delicius ramen with a lved ne r a clse friend, think abut hw lucky yu are. When life brings yu difficult prblems and challenges, remember that these same peple are there fr yu t help yu get past difficult times.
17．In Paragraph 2, the authr wants t tell us that _______.
A．we shuldn’t eat ramen alneB．being lnely is a cmmn thing
C．eating alne is n fun fr anyneD．even the best ramen can be tasteless
18．The mst imprtant things in life are ________.
A．the expensive thingsB．nice carsC．lng vacatinsD．ur lved nes and health
19．T have a rich heart, yu shuld first ________.
A．get mre mney B．find inner peace
C．be thankful fr what yu have D．find ut what yu dn’t have
20．What is the main idea f the stry?
A．The best way t enjy a bwl f ramen.B．Hw t get past challenges.
C．Hw t becme a rich persn.D．The imprtance f having lved nes.
【答案】17．C 18．D 19．B 20．D
【分析】本文通过吃一碗拉面展开讨论，告诉我们生命中最重要的事情是我们的健康和我们所爱的人。
17．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Yur feelings f lneliness will make the ramen tasteless as well.”可知，你的孤独感也会让拉面变得毫无味道，由此推断，第二段是为了告诉我们，一个人吃饭很无趣。故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段“ They’re nice t have, but we shuldn’t frget that the mst imprtant things in life are ur health and ur lved nes.”可知，生命中最重要的事情是我们的健康和我们所爱的人。故选D。
19．细节理解题。根据第四段“Having a rich heart is abut finding inner peace.”可知，要有一颗富有的心，你首先应该找到内心的平静。故选B。
20．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The next time yu are enjying a bwl f delicius ramen with a lved ne r a clse friend, think abut hw lucky yu are. When life brings yu difficult prblems and challenges, remember that these same peple are there fr yu t help yu get past difficult times.”及全文可知，全文的中心是在讲爱你的人的重要性。故选D。
6、（2022·北京密云·九年级期末）
As cmputers becme mre ppular in China, Chinese peple are increasingly relying n cmputer keybards t input Chinese characters. But if they use the cmputer t much, they may end up frgetting the exact strkes (笔画) f each Chinese character when writing n paper. Experts suggest peple, especially students, write by hand mre.
D yu write by hand mre r type mre? In Beijing, students start using a cmputer as early as primary schl. And cmputer dependence is mre wide-spread amng university students. Almst all their assignments and essays are typed n a cmputer.
All the students interviewed say they usually use a cmputer. It’s faster and easier t crrect if using a cmputer. And that’s why cmputers are being applied mre and mre ften t mdem educatin.
“When I’m writing with a pen, I find I ften can’t remember hw t write a character, thugh I feel I’m familiar with it.”
“I’m nt in the md(情绪，心情) t write when faced with a pen and paper.” Many students dn’t feel this is smething t wrry abut. Nw that it’s mre cnvenient and efficient t write n a cmputer, why bther t handwrite?
Many educatrs think differently. Shi Liwei, the headmaster f a famus primary schl in the capital, said, “Chinese characters enjy bth practical and aesthetic value. But thse characters typed with cmputer keybards nly maintain their practical value. All the artistic beauty f the characters is lst. And handwriting cntains the writer’s emtin. Thrugh ne’s handwriting, peple can get t knw ne’s thinking and persnality. Beautiful writing will give peple a better first impressin f them.”
T encurage students t handwrite mre, many primary schls in Beijing have made writing classes cmpulsry and in universities, sme prfessrs are asking students t turn in their hmewrk and essays written by hand.
21．The students interviewed prefer t write using a cmputer mainly because ________.
A．they are usually asked t e-mail their hmewrk and essays
B．they find it nt easy t remember hw t write a character
C．they can crrect the mistakes they make quickly and cnveniently
D．cmputers have becme a trend (趋势)and fashin in China
22．The wrd “aesthetic” in Paragraph 6 prbably means“________”.
A．artisticB．usefulC．uglyD．displeasing
23．Frm the passage we can infer that ________.
A．mre and mre students will give up writing n a cmputer
B．writing by hand will give way t typing by cmputer ne day
C．the typing article better expresses ne’s feelings and quality
D．mre and mre students will pay attentin t handwriting
24．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．T Type r t Handwrite B．The Value f Chinese Characters
C．Writing by Cmputer will Replace Writing by Hand D．The Imprtance f Handwriting and Typing
【答案】21．C 22．A 23．D 24．A
【分析】这是一篇议论文，主要讨论了关于电脑输入和手写汉字的问题。现代社会中，随着电脑的流行，人们写汉字越来越少，这也带来了很多问题。
21．细节理解题。根据文中“All the students interviewed say they usually use a cmputer. It’s faster and easier t crrect if using a cmputer.”可知，电脑方便快捷地纠正错误，故选C。
22．词义猜测题。本段讲述了过度使用电脑打字的负面影响。文中“Chinese characters enjy bth practical and aesthetic value.”描述汉字的特点，紧接着“But thse characters typed with cmputer keybards nly maintain their practical value. All the artistic beauty f the characters is lst. ”这两句讲述电脑打字只强调实用性，而失去了艺术性的美感。可推测“aesthetic value”与“the artistic beauty f the characters”相对应，故选A。
23．推理判断题。根据文章最后两段可知很多专家都要求多书写汉字，可以推断出越来越多的学生也会注意自己的书写。故选D。
24．最佳标题题。通读文章可知，本文主要讨论了关于电脑输入和手写汉字的问题。故选A。
7、（2022·北京密云·九年级期末）
My dear bys and girls, gd mrning. Tday I’m ging t talk t yu abut my understanding f learning histry.
Many f yu may think it is a terrible thing t study histry. Yu may ften wnder why we students shuld study smething that has nthing t d with ur wn lives. If yu think that way, I shuld say yu are far frm the truth.
In fact, if we study histry, we can learn quite a lt abut persnal stries and events f peple just like us. The peple wh came befre us helped build and develp the cuntry we are living in. Their ideas ften slved many f ur prblems and trubles. Studying the past helps us t understand what ur ancestrs’ (祖先) lives were like. And it als helps us t see hw their experiences have shaped ur wn life.
T be hnest, ▲ . Sme f what we study in histry helps us understand the mistakes f the past. And these mistakes will help peple nt t d the same wrng things. Peple ften learn frm the past t have a better future.
Whether we like the subject f histry r nt, we must understand the imprtance f the events and the peple wh came befre us. Our ancestrs’ decisins have influenced ur wn life. Similarly, the decisins f ur wn generatin will finally influence thse wh cme after us. In this nly way, the wrld is truly cnnected.
Histry is nt just a study f the past. Histry is the study f peple, places, and events that can influence the future.
Nw d yu still think studying histry is a sad thing? Or d yu have any dubt abut learning histry? If yu have any questins, just feel free t ask.
25．If we study histry, we can learn that ________.
A．histry has nthing t d with ur wn lives B．ur ancestrs helped build and develp ur cuntry
C．ur ancestrs’ ideas slved all ur prblems and trubles D．ur ancestrs’ experiences can’t shape ur wn life
26．Which f the fllwing can be put in the ▲ in Paragraph 4?
A．the mistakes f the past wn’t help usB．I dn’t like the idea f learning histry
C．it is nt easy t learn the subject f histryD．nt everything that happened in the past is gd
27．The writer wrte the passage t ________.
A．intrduce sme imprtant peple in histry B．develp students’ interest in learning histry
C．explain different peple’s understanding f histry D．shw the relatinship between the past and the future
【答案】25．B 26．D 27．B
【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者讲述了学习历史的重要性，以此来激发学生学习历史的兴趣。
25．细节理解题。根据原文“The peple wh came befre us helped build and develp the cuntry we are living in”可知，学习历史可以了解帮助建设和发展我们国家的先人。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据下文“Sme f what we study in histry helps us understand the mistakes f the past”可推断，此处指的是“历史上发生的一些事并不都是好的”。故选D。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇议论文，作者讲述了学习历史的重要性，以此来激发学生学习历史的兴趣。故选B。
8、（2022·山东济宁·九年级期末）
Many f yu have prbably had this experience: Yu get n a train and are ready t take a nap r read a bk, nly t find that the passenger in frnt f yu is watching a TV shw n his tablet withut headphnes. The child next t yu wn’t stp crying. And the ld lady behind yu talks n her phne during the whle trip.
Wish the train culd be less nisy? There might be a slutin fr yu. The Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, ne f China’s busiest high-speed rail lines, have had “quiet” carriages starting since Dec 23, 2020.
In quiet carriages, n bard vides are muted (静音) and annuncements are made at a lwer vlume (音量). Drs at the ends f the carriage are kept clsed t reduce nise frm ther carriages. Train attendants (乘务员) are respnsible fr making sure that passengers remain quiet and fllw the rules.
Passengers wh are willing t bey the rules can chse the quiet carriages when bking their tickets, accrding t China’s natinal railway peratr.
Sme peple have pinted ut that this kind f quiet envirnment shuld be ffered in all carriages. They say that having quiet carriages might give peple the impressin that they dn’t need t be quiet in nn-quiet carriages.
Quiet carriages might be mre enjyable. While sme internet users are in favr f the new service, it has als sparked discussin abut just hw quiet travelers shuld be in quiet carriages. Many peple have raised questins such as “What if I snre (打呼噜)?” and “Can we talk t ur travel cmpanins if we need t?”
28．Para. 1 is written t shw that _________.
A．peple d all kinds f things n trainsB．peple watch TV shws n trains
C．traveling by train is very cmmnD．peple n trains are never very nisy
29．Para. 2 mainly tells that t keep the train _________.
A．much busier is in ShanghaiB．less nisy is pssible in China
C．quiet stared befre Dec 23, 2020D．fastest has achieved in Beijing
30．Frm Para. 3, hw d quiet carriages wrk?
A．The drs f these carriages stay clsed. B．N ne makes sure passengers fllw the rules.
C．Passengers aren’t allwed t watch vides. D．Train attendants dn’t make any annuncements.
31．Which f the fllwing best explains “in favr f” underlined in the last para?
A．in need fB．in place f
C．in search fD．in supprt f
32．What d we knw abut quiet carriages frm the last paragraph?
A．The rules shuld be made much clearer.B．Mst peple dn’t like the service at all.
C．The service is better fr sl (单) travelers.D．It’s hard t make trains perfectly quiet.
【答案】28．A 29．B 30．A 31．D 32．D
【分析】本文主要介绍了有关实行“安静”车厢的相关情况，以及人们对“安静”车厢的看法。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段的描述“Yu get n a train and are ready t take a nap r read a bk, nly t find that the passenger in frnt f yu is watching a TV shw n his tablet withut headphnes. The child next t yu wn’t stp crying. And the ld lady behind yu talks n her phne during the whle trip”可知，第一段通过举例表明，火车上的人们做着各种各样的事情。故选A。
29．细节理解题。根据“Wish the train culd be less nisy? There might be a slutin fr yu. ”可知，较少的噪音是可能的。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据“Drs f the carriage will be kept clsed t reduce nise frm ther carriages”可知，安静车厢的门是闭着的，故选A。
31．词义猜测题。根据“While sme internet users are in favr f the new service, it has als raised discussin abut just hw quiet travelers shuld be in quiet carriages.”可知，虽然一些互联网用户支持这项新服务，但它也引发了关于乘客在安静的车厢里应该保持多安静的讨论。因此“in favr f”指的是“支持”，与D项同义。故选D。
32．推理判断题。根据“Many peple have raised questins such as “What if I snre (打呼噜)?” and “Can we talk t ur travel cmpanins if we need t?” ”可知，一些人支持这个观点，而一些人提出了问题，比如有人提出“如果打呼噜呢？”，因此可以推断出要使火车完全安静是很难的，故选D。
9、（2022·重庆南岸·九年级期末）
In France, Italy and sme western cuntries, cheek (脸颊) kissing is a way f greeting thers. But because f the COVID-19, this custm is a questin n peple’s minds nw.
Mre and mre peple dislike cheek kissing in mdem sciety. In a survey in March, 2021, half f the peple wh were interviewed said they wuld stp using cheek kissing in the future. And 78% wuld n lnger use it with strangers. Men, hwever, nly kissed ther men if they were clse friends r family.
The questin f whether cheek kissing is here t stay r g is nt just a matter f changing persnal greeting ways, but hw a natin expresses itself. In France, many peple are finding themselves dislike t kiss when they see each ther. They chse t bump (碰撞) arms t greet each ther. Italians chse t greet friends with chest-t-chest cntact (胸与胸的接触) but with heads turning away frm each ther. It is believed that clse bdy cntact can bring peple tgether.
It’s imprtant t nte that cheek kissing hasn’t been arund frever. In fact, this kind f scial custm has been shut dwn befre because f diseases. Fr example, at the time that the Black Death brke ut in Eurpe in the 14th century, peple stpped kissing each ther as a way f greeting. It wasn’t until abut a century ag that cheek kissing was brught back. S, is cheek kissing n its way t becming a relic(历史遗迹) again?
33．We knw mre and mre peple dislike cheek kissing in mdem sciety thrugh a _______.
A．custmB．strangerC．surveyD．questin
34．Peple use cheek kissing as a way f greeting thers because ________.
A．they lve each therB．their natins rder them t d s
C．it’s better than talkingD．it can bring peple tgether
35．The underlined phrase “shut dwn” in Paragraph 4 may mean “__________”.
A．中断B．倒闭C．消失D．关闭
36．We can infer frm the passage that ___________.
A．men in France nly kiss their friends’ and family’s cheeks
B．peple are chsing ther bdy cntacts t greet each ther
C．cheek kissing will disappear in the future frever
D．cheek kissing will cme back t peple’s life sme day
【答案】33．C 34．D 35．A 36．D
【分析】这是一篇议论文，文章讲述因为新冠肺炎，亲吻脸颊来问候他人的习俗中断。根据调查发现现代社会越来越多的人不喜欢亲吻脸颊。这种习俗的变化不只是人们问候方式改变的问题，而是关于一个民族怎样表达自己。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段“Mre and mre peple dislike cheek kissing in mdem sciety. In a survey in March, 2021, half f the peple wh were interviewed said they wuld stp using cheek kissing in the future. And 78% wuld n lnger use it with strangers”可知是根据调查发现现代社会越来越多的人不喜欢亲吻脸颊。故选C。
34．推理判断题。根据第三段“It is believed that clse bdy cntact can bring peple tgether”可知亲密的身体接触可以让人们在一起更亲近。人们使用亲吻脸颊作为问候的一种方式是因为它能让人们在一起更亲密。故选D。
35．词义猜测题。根据“ because f the COVID-19, this custm is a questin”及“because f diseases”可知表达因为疾病，问候时亲吻脸颊中断了。“shut dwn”的含义是“中断”。故选A。
36．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The questin f whether cheek kissing is here t stay r g is nt just a matter f changing persnal greeting ways, but hw a natin expresses itself”可知，这种习俗是去是留不只是人们问候方式改变的问题，而是关于一个民族怎样表达自己。根据最后一段“It’s imprtant t nte that cheek kissing hasn’t been arund frever”及“It wasn’t until abut a century ag that cheek kissing was brught back”可知亲吻脸颊过去曾经中断过后来这种习俗又回来了，可推断因为疾病，问候时亲吻脸颊中断了；但是有一天这种习俗仍会回到人们的生活中去。D选项表述准确。故选D。
10、（2022·安徽铜陵·九年级期末）
Sme peple think just letter grades r scres f the reprt card can’t be a gd way t encurage students t wrk hard. Nwadays, students’ grades are shwn in many different ways in schls. Sme schls just give students sme cmments (评语) in a card where teachers describe the skills a student needs t wrk n withut giving letter grades such as A r exact numbers.
These schls give their reasns. The grades dn’t say much abut which skills a student has learned. What’s mre, it stps the parents frm cmparing their children with thers. In fact, they think that wrse grades just mean yu are having truble with it. A teacher’s cmment usually gives mre infrmatin. Besides, it can avid hurting children’s pride.
Many students feel happy because they dn’t need t be cmpared with thers. Mre imprtantly, they dn’t need t feel upset if their grades are nt that gd. Many parents als feel that the letter grades r number grades are ut f date. It time t change.
In fact, the grades r ranking (排名) f an exam can’t shw that a student is a “gd” ne r a “bad” ne. Students shuld pay clse attentin t the teachers’ cmments instead f grades. They will guide students in the steps t imprve.
37．Accrding t the first paragraph, teachers can _________ in the cmments.
A．give letter grades r scresB．rder students t wrk hard
C．describe skills students need t imprveD．shw students’ exact numbers
38．What can bad grades shw abut a student?
A．Prblems he has with study.B．Mre infrmatin abut him.
C．The skills he has learned.D．The difference between him and thers.
39．Which f the fllwing is NOT true accrding t the passage?
A．Teachers’ cmments can help t prtect students’ pride.
B．Many parents disagree that ways f grading shuld be changed.
C．Many students feel happy if they aren’t cmpared with thers.
D．Giving cmments can guide students t imprve themselves.
40．What’s best title f the passage?
A．Giving letter grades in the cardB．Shwing exact numbers n paper
C．Giving teachers’ cmments in a cardD．Shwing ranking in an exam
【答案】37．C 38．A 39．B 40．C
【分析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了评价学生方式的改变——用评语卡而不是用字母等级或分数。
37．细节理解题。根据第一段“ Sme schls just give students sme cmments (评语) in a card where teachers describe the skills a student needs t wrk n withut giving letter grades such as A r exact numbers.”可知，老师会在评语里描述学生需要提高的技能。故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段“In fact, they think that wrse grades just mean yu are having truble with it. ”可知，他们认为成绩差仅仅意味着你在学习上有困难。故选A。
39．细节理解题。根据第三段“Many parents als feel that the letter grades r number grades are ut f date. ”可知，许多家长也觉得字母等级或数字分数已经过时了，B选项“许多家长不同意改变评分方式”不合文意。故选B。
40．最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了评价学生方式的改变——用评语卡而不是用字母等级或分数。C项“把老师的意见写在卡片上”最合文意，故选C。
（一）
Lts f kids hate schl, a new study fund. Usually this kind f feeling desn’t last lng. But what happens if yu feel this way t much? Schl is a fact f life, and getting a gd educatin can help yu build the kind f future life yu want. S let’s talk abut schl and what t d when yu dn’t like it.
If yu dn’t like schl, the first step is t find ut why. Yu might nt like schl because yu dn’t have enugh friends, r maybe yu dn’t get alng well with yur teachers. Smetimes it’s a big prblem with yur classes and schlwrk. Yu may be getting farther and farther behind, and it may seem like yu’ll never catch up. When yu knw why yu dn’t like schl yu can start taking steps t make things better. It’s a gd idea t talk t smene abut yur prblems with schl. Yur mum, dad, teacher r schl cunselr (顾问)will be able t help yu. Anther gd idea is t write dwn yur feelings abut schl in a nte bk. It’s a great way t let ut emtins (情绪). Remember, yu dn’t have t share what yu’ve written with thers.
1．Accrding t the writer, lts f kids ________.
A．like schl very much B．are gd at reading and writing
C．dn’ t like ding hmewrk D．have the thught f hating schl
2．What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t (指的是) in the first paragraph? ________
A．A gd educatin. B．Schl. C．Future life. D．Friendship.
3．If yu dn’t like schl, the first step is t ________.
A．find ut why B．g t see a dctr
C．ask yur parents fr help D．leave schl fr a shrt time
4．Hw many reasns why students dn’t like schl are given by the writer? ________
A．Tw. B．Three. C．Fur. D．Five.
5．When yu start taking steps t make things better, ne f the gd ideas is t ________.
A．keep silent abut yur prblems B．share what yu’ve written with thers
C．write dwn yur feelings abut schl D．get alng well with yur classmates
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕学生的厌学问题，介绍了造成学生厌学的三种原因，并就如何解决这个问题提出了一些建议。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Lts f kids hate schl, a new study fund. ”可知许多孩子都有厌学的思想。故选D。
2．细节理解题。联系前文“Lts f kids hate schl, a new study fund. ”和“S let’s talk abut schl and what t d when yu dn’t like it. ” 可知it指的是“学校”。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“If yu dn’t like schl, the first step is t find ut why. ”可知如果你不喜欢学校，第一步就是要找出为什么。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据短文第二段“Yu might nt like schl because yu dn’t have enugh friends, r maybe yu dn’t get alng with yur teacher. Smetime it’s a big prblem with yur classes and schlwrk.”可知作者指出了厌学的三种原因。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Anther gd idea is t write dwn yur feelings abut schl in a ntebk. ”可知另一个好主意是把你的感觉写在笔记本上。故选C。
（二）
Here is a stry: A man sees a butterfly (蝴蝶). The butterfly tries t get ut f its chrysalis (蛹). Feeling srry fr it, the man decides t help. He cuts the chrysalis and the butterfly cmes ut easily. Surprisingly enugh, the butterfly is unable t fly. If the butterfly desn’t struggle t leave the chrysalis, it can’t fly! The struggle develps the energy in the butterfly which makes it fly. Similarly, the challenges f life bring ut the best in yung peple and make them fly.
When peple are yung, meeting and vercming challenges will make them strng and ready t face life. When we lk at successful peple, we see that the mst successful f them are peple wh have had t struggle. One famus businessman, wh nw wns many big supermarkets, used t carry clthes n his back and sell them frm dr t dr when he was yung. Anther successful man is Dennis. His father died when he was nly twenty. His father’s death frced him t mature fast. He had t bring up a family f nine peple. He tk up the challenges and vercame them. Tday his brthers and sisters are leading successful lives.
Smetimes challenges d nt appear t us because we keep away frm them. S sme parents and teachers actively encurage yung peple t face challenges. They might rganize sme activities fr yung peple which prvide them with challenges, like rck climbing, camping, vlunteer wrk and s n. Hwever, just passing exams will nt prepare a persn fr life. We must meet and vercme challenges. The yung peple f tday will becme the leaders f tmrrw. Fr cuntries t cntinue t becme successful, it is imprtant that the yung peple learn t meet challenges and vercme them.
6．Frm the stry we knw that the butterfly can’t fly because ________.
A．it gets ut by itselfB．the man feels srry fr itC．the man helps it cme ut
7．Dennis’s example shws that successful peple shuld ________.
A．vercme the difficultiesB．take up business earlyC．becme the leaders f tmrrw
8．The meaning f the underlined wrd “mature” in the passage is “________”.
A．醒来B．放弃C．成长
9．What is the writer trying t d in this passage?
A．Describe where a butterfly cmes frm.
B．Encurage yung peple t face challenges.
C．Suggest hw t becme a successful businessman.
10．What is the best title fr this passage?
A．Successful Peple Have a Sense f Achievement
B．Yung Peple Must Develp Their Energy Actively
C．Challenges f Life Bring Out the Best in Yung Peple
【答案】6．C 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讲了挫折能激发人的潜能，使人坚强，年轻人应该勇敢迎接和克服挑战。
6．细节理解题。根据“He cuts the chrysalis and the butterfly cmes ut easily. Surprisingly enugh, the butterfly is unable t fly.”可知，这个男人剪掉了蛹，令人惊讶的是，这只蝴蝶不会飞，可见不会飞的原因是这个男人的帮助。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据“He tk up the challenges and vercame them.”可知，他接受了挑战并克服了它们，可推测作者展示丹尼斯的例子是想鼓励人们像他一样，勇敢地克服生活中的困难。故选A。
8．词义猜测题。根据“His father died when he was nly twenty. His father’s death frced him t mature fast.”可知，父亲在他20岁时就去世了，可见父亲的去世迫使他迅速成长，划线单词表示“成长”。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据“Similarly, the challenges f life bring ut the best in yung peple and make them fly.”及“We must meet and vercme challenges.”可知，生活的挑战激发出年轻人最好的一面，让他们展翅高飞。我们必须迎接和克服挑战。可以推测作者想要鼓励年轻人勇于面对挑战。故选B。
10．标题归纳题。根据“We must meet and vercme challenges. The yung peple f tday will becme the leaders f tmrrw. Fr cuntries t cntinue t becme successful, it is imprtant that the yung peple learn t meet challenges and vercme them.”我们必须迎接和克服挑战。今天的年轻人将成为明天的领袖。国家要想继续取得成功，年轻人必须学会迎接挑战并加以克服。可见，本篇文章主要目的是呼吁年轻人勇于面对挑战，从而激发出自己无限的潜能，用“Challenges f Life Bring Out the Best in Yung Peple”做标题最合适。故选C。
（三）
When an Italian man went t wrk with a mask (口罩) t prtect himself frm the COVID-19, he was criticized (批评) by his wrkmates fr causing panic (恐慌). But in China and ther Asian cuntries, almst everyne wears a mask during utbreaks (爆发). Why d the East and the West have different ideas abut wearing masks?
In the West, peple wear masks nly when they get sick. Peple see masks as a tl t prtect sick peple and stp disease (疾病) frm spreading, s healthy peple dn’t need t wear them. If a persn ges ut with a mask, ther peple may lk at him like a virus (病毒) spreader. Even their friends tried t stay away frm them. Sme Western peple say wearing a mask in public makes them feel “wrried”, “shy”, and “afraid f being lked at differently”. But as the number f COVID-19 cases (病例) keeps grwing arund the wrld, mre and mre healthy peple are starting t wear masks t prtect themselves, peple in the West are changing their ideas.
In Asian cuntries like China and Japan, wearing masks is cmmn. In 1910, Chinese dctr Wu Liande invented the mdern medical mask. During the 2003 SARS, peple used masks widely in China and East Asia. Many Chinese als wear masks t keep warm in winter r prtect against air pllutin.
In Japan, sme yung wmen may wear masks when they dn’t have their makeup (化妆) n. Many pp stars in Asia als wear masks t prtect their privacy (隐私) when they g ut. This cultural backgrund has made it easier fr peple in the East t wear masks during the COVID-19 utbreak.
11．Hw did the Italian man’s wrkmates feel abut him?
A．He caused panic.B．He was t wrried t wrk.
C．He didn’t want t g t wrk.D．He wanted t prtect himself.
12．Why d Western peple refuse t wear masks?
A．Because they are afraid t lk ugly with face masks.
B．Because they dn’t want thers t knw they are ill.
C．Because they hpe t cmfrt ther peple in this way.
D．Because they dn’t think healthy peple need masks.
13．Where was the mdern medical mask invented?
A．In England.B．In China.C．In Japan.D．In the USA．
14．Which f the fllwing is Nt TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．Asian peple wear masks t prtect their privacy.
B．Asian peple wear masks t prtect against air pllutin.
C．Asian peple wear masks t stp disease frm spreading.
D．Asian peple wear masks t make them lk fashinable (时尚的).
15．What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A．Western peple’s truble f wearing masks.
B．The reasns why masks are ppular in Asian culture.
C．Different ideas f using masks in Eastern and Western cuntries.
D．The imprtance f wearing masks during the COVID-19 utbreak.
【答案】11．A 12．D 13．B 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了东西方国家对于戴口罩的不同观点。
11．细节理解题。根据“When an Italian man went t wrk with a mask t prtect himself frm the COVID-19, he was criticized by his wrkmates fr causing panic.”可知，这个意大利男人的同事认为他佩戴口罩的行为引起了恐慌。故选A。
12．细节理解题。根据“Peple see masks as a tl t prtect sick peple and stp disease frm spreading, s healthy peple dn’t need t wear them.”可知，西方国家的人们认为健康人不需要戴口罩，所以他们拒绝戴口罩。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据“In 1910, Chinese dctr Wu Liande invented the mdern medical mask.”可知，现代医用口罩在中国被发明。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据“Many pp stars in Asia als wear masks t prtect their privacy when they g ut…Many Chinese als wear masks t keep warm in winter r prtect against air pllutin.…During the 2003 SARS, peple used masks widely in China and East Asia.”可知，亚洲人戴口罩保护个人隐私，亚洲人戴口罩为了防止空气污染，亚洲人戴口罩为了防止疾病的传播。文中没有提到亚洲人戴口罩使自己看起来时尚。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据“Why d the East and the West have different ideas abut wearing masks?”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了东西方国家对于佩戴口罩的不同观点。故选C。
（四）
We feel angry r guilty abut the things we did r did nt achieve, abut the things we can nt have, and many ther things. It seems that everyne carries their wn bad emtins(情绪). But neither guilt nr anger can help us. Over time, they can be heavy weights n ur shulders.
These bad emtins dn’ t d anything gd fr us at all. S yu might ask yurself — is it pssible t put dwn this heavy burden (负担) and give yurself a break? It is quite pssible. Start by actually lking at yur feelings. Hw d they get inside f us? Why d we carry them fr s lng instead f putting them dwn? Can we live withut them?
By thinking abut ur bad emtins, we can find healthy ways t deal with them. Unhealthy behavirs are nt the way t d this. They prvide n relief. Instead, there are better ways t handle them. One f the best ways is frgiveness.
Frgiveness is a pwerful tl. We shuld frgive urselves first. We shuldn’ t keep bad emtins inside. We must als frgive thers wh have made us guilty r angry. This is nt always easy. But when we learn t frgive urselves, it becmes easier t frgive thers as well.
There is nthing gd abut carrying years f emtinal burdens. By frgiving urselves and thers, we can abandn ur burdens and feel better abut urselves. The mment yu d this, yu will start t feel a lt lighter. Years f heaviness will be magically lifted! Yu’ ll start t feel like yu have mre energy and yu’ ll be much happier with yur life.
16．What is the first step t remving the burden f bad emtins?
A．Asking thers sme questins.B．Studying yur emtins.
C．Trying t live withut them.D．Finding ways t deal with them.
17．What is ne way t deal with bad emtins?
A．Keeping bad emtins inside.B．Frgetting the past.
C．Frgiving urselves and thers.D．Finding gd emtins t replace them.
18．What des the underlined wrd “abandn” in the last paragraph mean?
A．put awayB．carry nC．stay withD．leave behind
19．What is the stry mainly abut?
A．Hw t becme an energetic persn.B．Hw t deal with bad emtins.
C．Why we shuld frget abut frgiveness.D．What we shuld d t frgive ur wn mistakes.
【答案】16．B 17．C 18．D 19．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲摆脱坏情绪很重要，通过原谅自己和他人能让我们活得更开心。
16．细节理解题。根据“Start by actually lking at yur feelings. Hw d they get inside f us? Why d we carry them fr s lng instead f putting them dwn? Can we live withut them?”可知从观察自己的感受开始，为什么总摆脱不了坏情绪，所以消除坏情绪负担第一步是研究情绪。故选B。
17．细节理解题。根据“One f the best ways is frgiveness (原谅) . ”可知原谅是一个摆脱坏情绪的方式之一。故选C。
18．词句猜测题。根据“By frgiving urselves and thers, we can abandn ur burdens and feel better abut urselves.”可知通过原谅自己和他人，我们感觉更好了，可推测我们的负担没有了；结合选项，put away收好，整理好；carry n继续，坚持；stay with和……待在一起；leave behind把……抛在后面，选项D符合语境。故选D。
19．主旨大意题。通读本文可知，本文主要讲坏情绪的负面影响及通过原谅自己和他人摆脱坏情绪并开心地活着，因此B项“如何处理坏情绪”符合文章大意。故选B。
（五）
At the crssrads
“WHY DIDN’T the chicken crss the rad?”
“Because there was a KFC n the ther side.”
This was ne f my favrite jkes when I was grwing up. But nw I wnder if the chicken wuld want t crss the rad even if there were n KFCs.
Rules fr when, where and hw we shuld use the streets are imprtant fr safety and rder in sciety. We are taught in primary schl that we shuld always fllw them. But these days, we seem t live life at tp speed. Many times, I have seen peple crss the street unsafely. “Speedy”, deliverymen （送货员）run the red lights and get dangerusly clse t pedestrians（行人）.These peple think “speed” is mre imprtant than “safety”. They are putting the cart （马车）befre the hrse.
Shanghai has nw intrduced new traffic rules. Peple will be fined fr jaywalking r jay riding. Fr sure, this is welcme. Hwever, there may be prblems. Befre giving a fine, the plice must witness （当场看到） the persn jaywalking r jay-riding, but there are nt enugh plice fficers t keep an eye n all the streets. That means sme lawbreakers will nt be caught and fined. Als, sme say the fine is t small （20 yuan fr jaywalkers and 50 yuan fr jay-riders） t stp peple frm breaking the rules.
I applaud （称赞）Shanghai fr intrducing the new rules, but I think the city can d even better. Otherwise, smart “chickens” might still be a little scared abut crssing the rad.
20．A jay-rider might ________ while crssing the street.
A．drive slwlyB．let pedestrians g first
C．run the red lightsD．stay away frm ther cars
21．Sme deliverymen think _________ is mre imprtant.
A．safetyB．speedC．mneyD．rder
22．The underlined part “putting the cart befre the hrse” prbably means _________ in Chinese.
A．马失前蹄B．本末倒置C．重蹈覆辙D．南辕北辙
23．Shanghai’s new traffic rules are intrduced t ________.
A．stp peple breaking traffic rulesB．help peple t crss rads easily
C．make peple live life at tp speedD．shw peple the imprtance f safety
24．Accrding t the writer, we can knw that Shanghai’s new traffic rules ________.
A．are t strict t fllwB．are necessary fr kids t knw
C．are unable t slve traffic jamsD．are fine but need t be imprved
【答案】20．C 21．B 22．B 23．A 24．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲人们不顾安全乱穿马路的现象及上海出台的相应的惩罚措施。
20．细节理解题。根据“Shanghai has nw intrduced new traffic rules. Peple will be fined fr jaywalking r jay riding.”可知“jay riding”会被罚款，可知“jay riding”是不好的行为，结合选项可知选项C“闯红灯”符合题意。故选C。
21．细节理解题。根据“deliverymen （送货员）run the red lights and get dangerusly clse t pedestrians（行人）.These peple think ‘speed’ is mre imprtant than ‘safety’ .”可知快递员认为速度比安全更重要。故选B。
22．词义猜测题。根据“putting the cart （马车）befre the hrse.”可知本意是“把马车放在马的前面”，不知哪一个才是重要的。与此义符合的是B项“本末倒置”。故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据“Shanghai has nw intrduced new traffic rules. Peple will be fined fr jaywalking r jay riding.”可知违反交通规则的人会被处罚，故上海颁发的交通规则是为了让人们遵守交规。故选A。
24．细节理解题。根据“I applaud （称赞）Shanghai fr intrducing the new rules, but I think the city can d even better.”可知上海交通规则的引进是很好的，但是还可以做得更好。故选D。