中考英语一轮复习语法题型满分练习专题22 阅读理解+说明文+-（含解析）

这是一份中考英语一轮复习语法题型满分练习专题22 阅读理解+说明文+-（含解析），共50页。试卷主要包含了说明文等内容，欢迎下载使用。

人与自我－生活与学习
Passage 1(2022江苏连云港)
Did yu knw that vcabulary(词汇) is mre imprtant than grammar? If yu have gd vcabulary, yu can cmmunicate successfully, even if the grammar is nt cmpletely perfect.
Hwever, ne cmmn prblem is learning new wrds and then frgetting them. S when yu want t use a new wrd in a cnversatin, yu can't remember it at that mment. Des this ften happen t yu? The reasn fr this difficulty is that mst students try t learn vcabulary by studying lists and dictinaries and remembering the wrds. But it may nt wrk if yu dn't have a very gd memry.
The best way t learn vcabulary and remember the wrds successfully is t learn new wrds and use them at nce. Yu can d this with a very simple exercise. Every time yu learn a new wrd, fr example, frm an English lessn r an article, write it dwn in yur vcabulary ntebk. Writing is mre active than just reading a definitin(释义).Yu shuld write the wrd, the definitin in English r translatin, ne example sentence frm the article r dictinary and ne example sentence that yu create.
Imagine yu just learn the wrd “generus”; write in yur vcabulary ntebk: generus (adjective), definitin-giving r willing t give freely. Example ne, frm the article: Thanks fr paying fr my dinner; yu're very generus. Example tw, my example: My brther is generus because he vlunteers at the animal shelter n weekends. It's best if yur example sentences are true t yur life, because this creates a persnal cnnectin with the new wrd. The next day, read yur vcabulary ntebk again and try t add ne mre example sentence using the new wrd. It's helpful fr yu t remember it. These tw simple steps-writing the wrd and using it at nce-help yu remember and use new wrds.
D yu have a vcabulary ntebk? If nt, start nw.
1.What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragraph 2 refer t?
2. What's the crrect rder f the fllwing steps f taking vcabulary ntes?
①Make yur wn example sentence.
②Write the wrd, its English definitin r translatin.
③Cpy an example sentence frm the article r dictinary.
④Read yur ntebk again and add ne mre example sentence.
3.Hw can we make the best example sentences accrding t the writer?
A. By asking fr help frm friends.
B. By explaining wrds' definitins.
C. By cnnecting them with ur life.
D. By adding wrds frm the article.
4.What's the best title fr the passage?
答案:
语篇解读 本文主要介绍了英语学习中增加词汇量的方法。最佳方法是学后立即使用。先在笔记本上写出生词及英文定义或者翻译，再摘录并创造跟生活关联紧密的例句，可以帮助你有效地记忆并使用生词。子主题为“积极的学习体验，恰当的学习方法与策略，勤学善思”。
1.B 代词指代题。根据“ne cmmn prblem is learning new wrds and then frgetting them”可知这里指的是学习生词然后又忘记了。再结合上文“when yu want t use a new wrd”可知这里的it就是指代“the new wrd”。
2.A 排序题。根据第三、四段内容可知，第一步在笔记本上记下生词及英文解释或翻译；第二步从文章中或字典中摘录例句；第三步创作自己的例句；第四步复习词汇笔记再增添一个例句加以巩固。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It's best if yur example sentences are true t yur life, because this creates a persnal cnnectin with the new wrd.”可知选C.
4.D 最佳标题题。全文分成五段，从阐述词汇学习的重要性到介绍生词学习的方法，并举例说明如何具体操作。所有的内容都是在围绕词汇学习的方法来展开的。
Passage 2(2022四川南充)
A tree has rts. Peple have rts t. If yu get t the rt f a prblem, yu will slve it. It's the same thing with wrds. Dig deeply int a big, unfamiliar wrd and yu will understand where it came frm.
As readers, especially thse reading in a secnd language, we need t deal with the text as if we were detectives(侦探)lking fr infrmatin t unlck the unknwn. Like any gd detective arriving n the crime scene, the first thing t d when meeting a new and difficult wrd is t judge the situatin, t lk at everything that is knwn and see if it helps us t understand what it means.
As yu knw, prefixes(前缀)and suffixes(后缀)can be added t the beginning r end f wrds t change the meaning. Knw them, and yu will have the wrd building pwer. But rt wrds are the key. Take time t learn a few f these, put them in yur memry, and yu will becme a master wrd detective.
Let's lk at ne cmmn rt wrd used in English. “Alter” frm the Latin wrd means “ther”. When yu meet this rt wrd, yu knw that the bigger wrd has smething t d with “ther”. Examine the wrd “alternate”. Can yu find the Latin rt in it?
Learn as many rt wrds as pssible in the language yu are studying. Then use yur “rting fr wrds” skills. Like any new skill, practice and hard wrk are always paid back.
1.What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragraph 2 refer t?
2. If Jim and Lily g t the mvies, which ne belw is “alternating paying”?
3. Hw des the authr explain his ideas abut rt wrds?
4.“Sen” frm the Latin wrd means “ld”. Which wrd uses this Latin rt?
A. My brther is my senir by tw years.
B. He was ill s he was absent frm schl.
C.A criminal was sentenced t death by law.
D.60 students were present at the sprts meeting.
5.Which f the fllwing shws the structure(结构)f the passage?
(①=paragraph 1 ②=paragraph 2,...)
答案:
语篇解读 文章介绍了根据词根学习语言的一些方法。子主题为“积极的学习体验，恰当的学习方法与策略，勤学善思”。
1.C 代词指代题。根据第二段第二句可知，当遇到一个新的、难的单词时，第一件要做的事情是判断情况，研究所有已知的内容，看看这些内容是否有助于我们理解“它”的意思。此处“it”指的是“一个新的、难的单词”。
2.C 词义理解题。根据方框中的＂If yu and yur friend like t eat ut, first yu pay and the ther pays the next time. Yu are alternating paying.”可知，如果你和你的朋友喜欢出去吃饭，你先付钱，下次由对方付钱，这样就是“轮流付钱”。
3.B 写作手法题。根据第四段内容可知，作者通过举例来解释对词根的看法。
4.A 推理判断题。根据题干中的“Sen' frm the Latin wrd means 'ld',”可知，“Sen”来自拉丁语，意思是“老”。选项My brther is my senir by tw years.”表示“我哥哥比我大两岁”。
5.B 文章结构题。分析文章内容可知，第一段引出主题；第二段介绍处理文本时需要注意的事情；第三、四段介绍前、后缀和词根的意义；第五段总结全文，升华主题。
Passage 3(2022陕西)
D yu knw the wrd migrate? It is a wrd usually used t talk abut certain animals such as birds, fish and s n. When animals migrate, they travel a lng way frm ne part f the wrld t anther accrding t the seasn. Fr example, swallws(燕子)migrate suth in winter. Many animals migrate-they d this ften at the same time and t the same place each year. They mve t places where cnditins are better-where the weather is warmer, where there is mre fd and water ,r where their yung will be safer.
Peple als migrate. When peple migrate, they g t live in anther area r cuntry, especially in rder t find wrk. In English, when peple leave their hme cuntry in rder t live in anther cuntry, we use the wrd emigrate* instead f migrate. Frm migrate and emigrate cme the wrds migratin and emigratin. Hwever, if peple mve frm their hme cuntry t anther t live there frever(永久地),the wrd changes frm emigrate t immigrate in the English language. Then the wrd immigratin is brn.
Isn't wrd-making f the English language interesting? And can this prcess(过程)f finding ut the relatinships between wrds and learning them in a grup r grups be a way fr yu t learn the language?
*Based n Lngman Dictinary f Cntemprary English, 6th editin
1.Which f the fllwing situatins can match the main idea f Paragraph 1?
A. Snakes mve int hles t sleep in winter.
B. Fish swim t clean waters because f pllutin.
C. Birds fly very far away t find fd and return t give it t their babies.
D. Mnarch butterflies in Nrth America fly suth t stay away frm the cld.
2.Accrding t the passage, if peple__________ , they leave their hme cuntry t live in anther frever.
3. The passage is written t__________.
A. intrduce migratin f animals
B. tell readers a way f learning English
C. shw hw English wrds change
D. explain why peple migrate
答案:
语篇解读 本文主要通过举例介绍英语单词的联系和区别，来告诉读者一种学习英语的方法。子主题为“积极的学习体验，恰当的学习方法与策略，勤学善思”。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第一段中“When animals migrate, yung will be safer.”可知选D.
2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Hwever, if peple mve frm their hme cuntry t anther t live there frever, the wrd changes frm emigrate t immigrate in the English language.”可知选D.
3.B 写作目的题。根据第三段中“And can this prcess f finding ut the relatinships between wrds and learning them in a grup r grups be a way fr yu t learn the language?”可知，文章介绍了掌握单词之间的关系可以成为学习语言的一种方式。
Passage 4(2022四川泸州)
March 21 is Wrld Sleep Day. Here are sme facts abut sleep.
Sleep at advised times
In 2021,the Ministry f Educatin(MOE) advised that junir and senir high schl students shuld g t bed befre 10 pm and 11 pm respectively(分别地)．
Hw d astrnauts sleep?
Just like n Earth, a persn in space ges t bed at night and then wakes up the next day. But in space there is n up r dwn, and yu d nt feel the pull f gravity(重力).As a result, astrnauts usually sleep in fixed sleeping bags.
Earwrms happen while sleeping
Sme peple enjy listening t music a lt. While we're awake, the music we knw well keeps ringing in ur ears, which is called earwrms(耳虫现象). This can happen during sleep as well, which culd cause prblems in getting t sleep and staying asleep.
Sleep with yur pet?
Pets, like dgs and cats, d nt sleep cntinuusly and they will ften get up and walk n the bed, which can make yu sleep even wrse.
But recent studies fund that having pets in the bed may help peple wh are ften wrried. The pets, like sft tys, can help cut dwn their wrry.
Scks can help us sleep
Studies have shwn that wearing scks t bed can help yu fall asleep faster!
Hands and feet help exchange(交换)heat between the far ends f the bdy and the heart. Wearing scks means an increase f bld t yur hands and feet, which cuts dwn yur cre(核心的)bdy temperature. The lwer the cre bdy temperature is, the faster yu fall asleep.
1.Accrding t MOE, junir high schl students shuld__________.
2.Why d astrnauts sleep in fixed sleeping bags?
A. Because there is n bed in the space statin.
B. Because there is n pull f gravity in space.
C. Because sleeping bags are cmfrtable.
D. Because the spaceship is t small.
3.Accrding t the passage, earwrms can__________.
4.Hw des wearing scks help us sleep?
A. By making feet warmer than hands.
B. By increasing bld t hands and feet.
C. By making cre bdy temperature higher.
D. By exchanging heat between hands and feet.
5.Which f the fllwing statements abut sleep is true accrding t the passage?
A. Wrld Sleep Day falls in the fifth mnth each year.
B. The sleeping bag is the best chice fr sleep.
C. Sleeping with pets helps wrried peple.
D. Music can help peple sleep lnger.
答案:
语篇解读 本文主要介绍了关于睡眠的一些事实。子主题为“健康、文明的行为习惯与生活方式”。
1.A 细节理解题。根据“junir and senir high schl students shuld g t bed befre 10 pm...”可知初中生晚上10点前要睡觉。
2.B 细节理解题。根据“yu d nt feel the pull f gravity. As a result, astrnauts usually sleep in fixed sleeping bags”可知太空中没有重力，所以宇航员睡在睡袋里。
3.A 细节理解题。根据“This can happen during sleep as well, which culd cause prblems in getting t sleep and staying asleep.”可知耳虫现象会造成睡眠问题，所以对睡眠质量有不好的影响。
4.B 细节理解题。根据“Wearing scks means an increase f bld t yur hands and faster yu fall asleep.”可知穿袜子意味着流向手脚的血液增加，这会降低核心体温，核心体温越低，就人睡越快。
5.C 细节理解题。根据“But recent studies fund that having pets in the bed may help peple wh are ften wrried.”可知和宠物睡觉可能会帮助那些经常担心的人。
Passage 5(2022 山东泰安)
Cunting the hairs n yur head wuld be very difficult. Many have tried, but mst peple give up after lsing cunt r getting bred! Hwever, scientists say peple have mre than 100,000 hairs n their heads n average. Of curse, this number is different frm persn t persn. Sme peple have much mre hair than thers.
What causes hair lss? There are many reasns, such as stress, illness and styling. It als runs in families. Besides, many peple simply lse hair as they grw lder. T avid lsing hair, yu shuld wash yur hair crrectly and cnditin(养护) yur hair t help keep yur hair healthy. It's als imprtant t be gentle when brushing r cmbing hair.
Hair lss is nt the same as daily shedding(脱落)．Peple lse an average f 50 t 100 hairs a day. It's nrmal. If yu are lsing mre hair than average, talk t the adults yu trust. They can help yu decide whether t ask a dctr fr help.
Why d humans have hair n their heads? Mst ther mammals(哺乳动物)have thick fur(毛) cvering their whle bdies. While humans grw small and fine(细微的)hairs n much f their skin, it's much thicker n the tp f the head. Scientists say the answers cme dwn t evlutin. Humans prbably evlved withut fur because they have mre sweat glands(汗腺)than ther mammals. Humans walk upright n tw legs. Therefre, the tp f their heads needs prtectin frm the sun. This is why peple have mre hair n their heads than n the rest f their bdies. The hair als helps keep heat in cld weather and keep a healthy bdy temperature.
1.Hw many reasns fr hair lss are mentined in Paragraph 2?
2.Yu can take the fllwing measures(措施)t avid lsing hair except__________.
3.What des the underlined wrd “evlutin" mean in the last paragraph?
4.What can we learn frm the passage?
A. In general, it's easier fr yung peple t lse hair than ld peple.
B. The hair n human heads helps keep heat in cld weather.
C. If yu lse 50 t 100 hairs every day, yu must ask a dctr fr help.
D. All the mammals have thick fur cvering their whle bdies because they have n sweat glands.
答案:
语篇解读 本文介绍了人类头发的数量、掉头发的原因、避免脱发的方法以及人类长头发的原因。子主题为“健康、文明的行为习惯与生活方式”。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知一共提到5个原因： stress, illness, styling, runs in families, grw lder.
2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，没有提到 wearing a hat all the time,故选A.
3.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的内容可知，科学家说人类比其他哺乳动物有更多的汗腺，导致人类身上没有毛，但是由于直立行走需要保护头部，故长了很多头发，推断这是进化的结果。
4.B 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句中的 The hair als helps keep heat in cld weather 可知B项正确。
Passage 6(2022 广东广州)
The Wrld f Orienteering
Imagine yu are in a new city. Yu ask smene hw t get t a bkstre. They tell yu t g straight, turn left, and yu will find it n yur left. In fact, yu can als find yur way with a phne. Nw imagine yu are in an utdr game. Yu nly have a map and a cmpass, and instead f running dwn a city rad, yu may need t run arund in the wds, climb ver rcks and g up and dwn hills. Welcme t rienteering!
In the game f rienteering, players use a map and a cmpass t find statins. These statins are called cntrls. A special flag, usually in bright clurs, marks each cntrl. Cntrls are nt easy t find. They may be in frnt f a big rck r behind a tree. In mst f the games, yu'll have t find cntrls in numbered rder, but in sme games yu can change the rder.
At each cntrl, players mark a card they carry with them and the card will be marked in different ways(See Figure 1). The cards are very imprtant because players must find all the cntrls t win. If smene misses a cntrl, they wn't have that mark n their cards. They might crss the finish line first, but the next persn t finish with a full card will win the game.

1.What will players carry in the game?
2.Which f the fllwing is a rule f the game?
A. Yu dn't need t mark the cards.
B. Yu can't miss any f the cntrls t win.
C. Yu have. t find cntrls in numbered rder.
D. Yu must be the first t pass the finish line t win.
3. Hw many cntrls has Anna finished in the game?
答案:
语篇解读 本文介绍了定向越野比赛及其规则。子主题为“运动与游戏，安全与防护”。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，地图和指南针是参赛者必须使用的。第三段第一句说“在每个控制点，参赛者会在他们随身携带的卡片上做标记”。因此，卡片也是必须随身携带的。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，参赛者必须找到全部控制点才能赢得比赛。
3.B 图文理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，只有经过控制点，卡片上才会被标记上不同的记号。图片中共有10个小格子被标上了标记，说明Anna通过了10个控制点。
人与自我－做人与做事
Passage 7(2022浙江湖州)
①There are lts f things that cause stress(压力)in ur lives, such as schl prblems, arguments with friends and smetimes bad feelings abut urselves. We all experience stress at times, but it's imprtant t manage it prperly and reduce(减少)its influence. Here are sme helpful tips fr dealing with stress.
②Smetimes we feel stressed withut understanding the reasn. S whenever yu're stressed, yu shuld stp and think. What is really happening? Hw can yu imprve the situatin? Try keeping a diary abut yur prblems and the pssible causes.
③D yu always wait until Sunday evening t d hmewrk? This bad habit can cause “last-minute” stress, as well as pr grades. T avid that, time management is greatly needed. Plan yur studies and ther activities with a calendar. Yu can als divide big prjects int smaller tasks. In this way, yu'll always knw hw much time yu really have.
④Besides, healthy habits are very imprtant fr reducing stress. Be sure t eat healthy meals and get at least eight hurs f sleep. Avid checking yur mbile phne r using the cmputer befre bedtime. It will keep yu awake!
⑤When yu're feeling stressed, it's helpful t speak t smene wh understands yur situatin, such as yur friends and family. Smetimes it's enugh t talk abut yur prblems and share yur feelings. Other times, hwever, yu might need advice r suggestins. Dn't keep yur wrries t yurself.
⑥Finally, relaxatin is imprtant. Find sme free time fr activities that yu enjy, such as sprts, hbbies and meeting with friends. Fr example, seeing a film r hanging ut after 5 days' study culd be a gd chice. If yu find sme time t relax and enjy yurself, yu'll feel refreshed, have mre energy, and reduce yur level f stress.
1.What advice des the writer give t reduce stress in Paragraph 3?
A.Stp and think.-B.Manage yur time.-C.Watch yur health.-D.Reach ut fr help.
2. Hw des the writer develp Paragraph 6?
A.By telling stries.-B.By listing numbers.-C.By asking questins.-D.By giving examples.
3. Which f the fllwing is the structure f the passage?
答案:
语篇解读 文章介绍了缓解压力的几个好办法。子主题为“自我认识，自我管理，自我提升”。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“T avid that, time management is greatly needed.”可知，作者的建议是管理好时间。
2.D 写作手法题。根据第六段中的“Fr example”可知，作者通过举例阐述本段。
3.A 文章结构题。第一段是总起，先提出了压力大的问题，再提出有几个好建议。第二、三、四、五、六段分别提出了不同的建议，并且用besides, finally等词衔接，证明它们之间是并列关系，所以本文是“总一分”结构。
Passage 8(2022 河北)
1.Hw can yu interest yur listeners at the beginning?
2. Which is the“ big day” accrding t the text?
3.What is the gd way t end yur presentatin?
4. Which questin culd best help us find ut the writer's purpse?
A. Did the writer try t teach us skills?
B. Did the writer help us understand ideas?
C. Did the writer invite us t attend a curse?
D. Did the writer ask us t be plite in public?
答案:
语篇解读 本文介绍展示的重要性以及如何在观众面前展示。子主题为“自我认识，自我管理，自我提升”。
1.B 细节理解题。由原文中＂The beginning f yur presentatin shuld be interesting. Fr example, yu can tell a shrt, funny stry t make peple laugh.”可知，在开头可以讲一个有趣的故事来使听众感兴趣。
2.D 词义理解题。由原文中“Yu need t practice many times befre the 'big day'.”可推知，“big day”就是你展示的那一天。
3.B 细节理解题。由原文中“Finally, be sure t thank yur gd way t end any presentatin.”可知，最好的结束方式是表示感谢。
4.A 写作目的题。本文开头介绍了展示的重要性，然后分四个步骤教给我们展示的技能。所以，作者的目的是尽力教给我们展示的技能。
人与社会－历史、社会与文化
Passage 1(2022 新疆)
Why did Chinese peple have mre than ne name in ancient times?
In ancient China, peple's names had three parts, their family name, given name and curtesy name. Take famus pet Li Bai fr example. His family name, which came frm his father's name, was Li. His given name was Bai, and his curtesy name was Taibai.
Peple used their given names when they were amng family members. But in scial life, they called each ther by their curtesy names t shw respect. This was mstly dne amng peple f similar age. If yu were talking abut yurself, r if yur elders were talking abut yu, the given name wuld be used instead f the curtesy name.
Men wuld get their curtesy names when they turned 20. It was a symbl f adulthd(成年). Wmen wuld get their curtesy names after getting engaged.
One's curtesy name ften had smething t d with ne's given name. Fr example, the name f Mencius was Meng Ke. His curtesy name was Ziyu. Bth Ke and Ziyu mean“carriage(马车)”. Zhuge Liang's given name was Liang, which means “bright”. His curtesy name was Kngming, which means “very bright”.
1.Hw many parts are there in peple's names in ancient China?
2. What des the underlined wrd “curtesy” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese?
3.Why did peple call each ther by their curtesy names in scial life?
4.What wuld be used if yur elders were talking abut yu accrding t the passage?
5.What's the main idea f the passage?
A. The famus pet Li Bai.
B. Three parts f ancient names.
C. The ancient names and the mdern names.
D. The develpment f names.
答案:
语篇解读 本文介绍了古代中国人名字的三个部分。子主题为“跨文化沟通与交流，语言与文化”。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中“In ancient China, peple's names had three parts”可知，古代中国人的名字有三部分。
2.C 词义猜测题。根据第二段的内容结合语文常识可知，李白姓李，名白，字太白。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“But in scial life, they called each ther by their curtesy names t shw respect.”可知，互相称呼字是为了表示尊重。
4.C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中“if yur elders were talking abut yu, the given name wuld be used”可知，长辈会叫晚辈的名。
5.B 主旨大意题。本文介绍了古代中国人名字的三个部分，包括人们互相称呼的习惯，以及取“字”时的一些原则。
Passage 2(2022天津)
Tea and cffee are tw f the mst ppular drinks in the wrld. Hwever, peple usually like ne mre than the ther. These drinks als have very different uses.
Tea drinking started in China abut 5,000 years ag. Tea is made frm leaves. These days, sme peple drink tea fr health, using it t help with stress(压力)r lsing weight. Hwever, mst peple in tea-drinking cuntries think f tea as mre than just a healthy drink. In fact, tea drinking in sme cuntries is apart f the culture. In Turkey(土耳其),tea is always there when peple meet. Whether in smene's hme r a cmpany, tea is always ffered as a way f welcming. In the UK, hmes and ffices usually have teatime. Tea and ther dishes are served at teatime in the afternn. It is a way f relaxing with friends r c-wrkers(同事).
Cffee came much later than tea, just ver 1,000 years ag. Cffee is made frm beans. Smething in the cffee beans makes a persn feel active. Mst peple d nt drink cffee t relax. Instead, they drink cffee t get ging. Many peple drink cffee in the mrning t help them wake up. Others will als drink cffee during shrt breaks in the afternn t keep ging thrugh the wrking day. Sme peple may visit cffee shps just t meet and talk with friends. Hwever, many peple in cffee shps drink cffee while wrking n their cmputers.
Is tea r cffee mre cmmn in yur cuntry? Between the tw, which d yu like t drink mre?
1.Where did tea drinking start?
2.We can learn frm Paragraph 2 that peple in the UK__________ .
3.What is cffee made frm?
4.Which f the fllwing is NOT true accrding t Paragraph 3?
A. Cffee came much earlier than tea.
B. Many peple drink cffee t wake up.
C. Many peple wrk n their cmputers in cffee shps.
D. Sme peple meet and talk with friends in cffee shps.
5.What is the best title f the passage?
A. The Smells f Tea and Cffee
B. The Prices f Tea and Cffee
C. The Different Cultures f Tea and Cffee
D. The Different Ways f Making Tea and Cffee
答案:
语篇解读 本文主要介绍了喝茶和喝咖啡的不同文化。子主题为“跨文化沟通与交流，语言与文化”。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Tea drinking started in China”可知选B.
2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中最后三句可知选D.
3.D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Cffee is made frm beans.”可知选D.
4.A 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Cffee came much later than tea, just ver 1,000 years ag.”可知A项与事实相反，故A项错误，故选A.
5.C 最佳标题题。本文是总分总结构，第一段总写茶和咖啡有不同的用途；第二段和第三段分别介绍茶文化和咖啡文化；最后一段呼应首段。根据文章内容和结构可知选C.
Passage 3(2022江西)
Indnesians lve t celebrate. They believe that celebrating and eating tgether brings gd luck. Let's party Indnesia-style.
Wuld yu be surprised t find a New Year's Day in March? Indnesians n the island f Bali are getting ready t ring in Nyepi, their New Year. It falls in March r April n the night f the new mn and is a symbl f a fresh start fr the peple and the island f Bali. On the eve f Nyepi, families and friends get tgether in the market. They carry a huge mnster which is made f wd and ther materials arund the village three times. After that, peple set it n fire, hping t drive ut evil(邪恶的)spirits.
After Nyepi, a Turun Tanah ceremny begins in hnr f a child's first steps. At the Turun Tanah, parents invite friends and family t a party t intrduce the baby. They put different bjects such as a bracelet(手镯),pen, mirrr r ty cmputer arund their baby. If the baby picks up a pen, he r she may be a writer. A child wh picks up a gld bracelet may be rich.
While Turun Tanah celebrates the future f a family, Galungan celebrates its bamb ples past. Ancestrs wh have died return 'hme' during this ten-day celebratin. And living relatives d their best t make them happy. Tall bamb ples line the street. Peple attend the ceremnies and visit their family and village temples. Actrs and dancers give perfrmances that tell stries f gd fighting against evil.
A year f festivals has cme t an end. Dn't wrry: next year, Indnesia will be buzzing(发出嗡嗡声)again with celebratins, s welcme t the party!
1.What's the theme(主题)f the passage?
2.What d peple d during Galungan? Check and chse the right answer.
①Watch perfrmances.
②Discuss new babies' future.
③Visit their family and village temples.
④Put the bamb ples alng the street.
⑤Carry a huge mnster arund the village.
A.①②⑤-B.①③④-C.②③④-D.③④⑤
3.Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A. The baby wh picks up a pen may be a writer.
B. Nyepi usually cmes after the Turun Tanah in Bali.
C. New Year's Day in Indnesia begins in February.
D. Peple fire bamb ples t drive away the mnster.
4. Which f the fllwing best shws the structure f the passage?
5. What is the writer's purpse accrding t the passage?
A. T welcme us t the festivals.
B. T shw us hw t treat the ancestrs.
C. T tell us hw t hld the party.
D. T teach us hw t fight against the evil.
答案:
语篇解读 本文介绍了印度尼西亚巴厘岛的人们庆祝三个重大节日的方式。子主题为“世界主要国家的文化习俗与文化景观、节假日与庆祝活动”。
1.A 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了印度尼西亚巴厘岛的人们庆祝三个重大节日的方式。所以本文的主题是“庆祝”。
2.B 细节理解题。由本文第四段最后三句“Tall bamb ples line the street. Peple attend the ceremnies and visit their family and village temples. Actrs and dancers give perfrmances...”可知，在“Galungan”期间，人们沿街放竹竿，拜访家人和寺庙，看表演。
3.A 细节理解题。由第三段倒数第二句“If the baby picks up a pen, he r she may be a writer.”可知A项正确；由第三段第一句“After Nyepi, a Turn Tanah ceremny begins in hnr f a child's first steps.”可知B项错误；由第二段第三句＂It falls in March r April n the night...”可知C项错误；由第二段最后两句＂They carry a huge t drive ut evil spirits.”可知D项错误。
4.D 文章结构题。本题要总结文章的段落结构。第一段是总述印尼人对节日庆祝的热爱；第二、三、四段分别叙述了印尼巴厘岛人庆祝 Nyepi, Turun Tanah 以及 Galungan的方式，是并列关系；第五段总结，并告诉大家明年还会这样庆祝。
5.A写作目的题。由本文最后一句“Dn't wrry: next year, Indnesia will be buzzing again with celebratins, s
welcme t the party!”可知，作者的目的是欢迎我们一起过去庆祝节日。
Passage 4(2022浙江金华)
① Have yu ever shwn yur phts n yur favrite scial media(媒体)?Or have yu expressed yur feelings and emtins n yur nline page? If yes, d yu knw what yu have psted n the scial medias can cause prblems yu culd nt expect?
② Cathy, wh is ging t be fifteen, psted nline an invitatin t her birthday party with her address in it. And guess what! 500 peple came t the party, and sme even brke the windws and plants, making a ttal mess f the huse. The girl's birthday party turned int a nightmare(噩梦).
③ Many teenagers(青少年)think they knw everything abut scial media, and that such a thing culd never happen t them. Studies shw that each year mre than three millin yung peple in the wrld get int truble because f their nline activities.
④ S d remember these if yu really want t share smething nline.
⑤Share with care! Nt everyne will like what yu write nline. Think befre yu pst anything. Yu never knw wh sees yur texts, pictures r vides. Befre clicking“ pst”, yu shuld ask yurself,“ Hw will I fee1 if my family r teachers see this?” and “Hw might this pst be bad fr me in five r ten years frm nw?”
⑥Be plite when yu write! Imagine smene is unfriendly in real life. The same is true f nline cmmunicatin. N ne likes it when yu “shut” in yur messages. If yu feel angry r frustrated while yu're writing a message, wait a bit. Read it again later and then send it.
⑦ Prtect and respect! Never share yur passwrds with anyne. It's nt wise t pst yur hme r email address nline. Dn't say bad things abut peple. If yu get messages like that r see them nline, talk t yur parents r yur teachers.
⑧ I'd say nne f these things prmises 100% nline safety, but each will help yu t be safer.
1.The writer starts t intrduce the tpic by_________ .
2.The party turned int a nightmare because Cathy_________.
A. made a ttal mess f the huse
B. shared the phts f her huse nline
C. invited hundreds f peple t her party
D. psted an invitatin with her address nline
3.The writer uses the mark“！＂ in the underlined sentences f Paragraphs 5~7 t_________.
4.What des the writer mean by saying the last sentence?
A. Yu shuld spend much less time nline.
B. It's necessary t think befre yu act nline.
C. Yu have t make a prmise befre yu g nline.
D. If yu want t be safer nline, d as the writer suggests. Passage
答案:
语篇解读 本文介绍了在网络媒体上泄露个人信息或表达情绪情感的一些危害，并针对网络媒体社交给青少年提供了三条建议。子主题为“公共秩序与法律法规，个人信息安全与国家安全”。
1.C开篇方式题。根据第一段“Have yu ever shwn yur phts n yur favrite scial media? Or...”连续三个问句可知，作者在以提问的方式引入话题。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段“．．．psted nline an invitatin t her birthday party with her address...”可知，Cathy 把地址发在了网上，以至于生日派对变成了一个噩梦。
3.A推理判断题。根据“Share with care!”“Be plite when yu write!”和“Prtect and respect!”三个小标题可以推断，作者强烈建议我们要注意网络用语，以感叹号引起读者的注意。
4.B 句意理解题。文章最后一句话与第四段“S d remember these if yu really want t share smething nline.”呼应，即在网络分享之前，应该三思而行，这些在网络中不能保证百分之百的安全。
5(2022四川成都)
1.What did Lu d fr the yung peple in the remte areas?
A. He imprved their living cnditins.
B. He gave them nline English lessns.
C. He helped them chse dream universities.
2.What des Rachel want t knw?
A. Hw Luban Lck wrks.
B. Why Luban created Luban Lck.
C. Whether Luban's sn was clever.
3.Wh tk the first picture f the black hle?
A.A freign astrnmer team.
B.A Chinese astrnmer team.
C. An internatinal astrnmer team.
4.Why are the numbers given in Passage d?
A. T intrduce the gvernment's plans.
B. T shw China's prgress in health care.
C. T describe the present situatin f China's health care.
5.What's the theme f the fur passages?
A. East meets West
B. Fr a better future.
C. Great Chinese, great China.
答案:
语篇解读本文包含四篇小短文，分别介绍了帮助偏远地区青少年的中国学生，体现中国人智慧的鲁班锁，中国团队参与拍摄的第一张银河系中心的黑洞照片以及1949年以来中国医疗的发展成就。子主题为“身份认同与文化自信”。
1.B 细节理解题。由a篇中“His nline English lessns have ffered them...”可知，罗同学给偏远地区的学生提供线上英语课程。
2.A 推理判断题。由b篇中“Watch as Rachel learns t make this Chinese puzzle and tries t slve it!可推知，Rachel想要学习制作鲁班锁并解开它，也就是想要了解它的工作原理。
3.C 细节理解题。由c篇中“thanks t the effrts f astrnmers frm arund the wrld”可知，第一张黑洞照片是由国际天文学家小组共同努力拍摄的。
4.B 推理判断题。d篇中的数据显示，中国人平均寿命大幅度提高，医疗卫生机构数量大幅度增加，医疗保险惠及中国95%以上的人，这些都表明中国在医疗方面的巨大进步。
5.C 主旨大意题。本文有四篇小短文，分别介绍了帮助偏远地区青少年的中国学生，体现中国人智慧的鲁班锁，中国团队参与拍摄的第一张银河系中心的黑洞照片以及中国医疗的发展成就。前三篇体现了中国人的伟大，最后一篇体现了中国的伟大。“Great Chinese, great China,”符合文章主题。
人与社会－文学、艺术与体育
Passage 6(2022 安徽)
Have yu ever seen lins dancing in the streets? The lins dance t the beat f a drum(鼓).Of curse, they are nt real lins. They are dancers in lin cstumes(服饰). Lin dancing first started in China centuries ag. It is meant t bring gd luck in the cming year.
Usually, a lin is made up f tw dancers. One dancer cntrls the head. The ther cntrls the tail.
“I think f it as a sprt,” says Anthny Huang, aged 16. He is a member f the New Yrk Chinese Freemasns Athletic Club. Anthny perfrms(表演)as the lin's head. It can weigh 20 punds. Lin dancing is imprtant t Anthny. “This traditin really lifts me up,” he says.
In the past, lin dancing was perfrmed mstly by men. But it is different tday. LinDanceMe is a lin dancing grup in San Francisc, Califrnia. There are bys and girls n its team. They dance tgether.
“Anyne can take up lin dancing. Yu have t believe that yu can d it,” says Ananda Tang- Lee, a 17-year-ld girl.
Lin dancing will cntinue t evlve. But a team's sense f cmmunity will never change.“We call it a family,” Ananda says. “It's really great, because we always have each ther's backs.”
1.Why d peple perfrm lin dancing?
A. T sell lin-dancing cstumes.
B. T wish fr a lucky new year.
C. T prtect the lins in the wild.
D. T shw skills f playing the drum.
2.Which rle des Anthny play in lin dancing?
3.What des the underlined wrd “evlve” mean?
4. What can we infer(推断)frm Ananda's wrds “We call it a family”?
A. They bring happiness t the family.
B. They call lin dancing a family game.
C. They live tgether in a big family.
D. They supprt each ther like a family.
答案:
语篇解读本文介绍了舞狮以及舞狮表演的方式和技巧。子主题为“中外音乐、舞蹈等艺术形式中的文化价值”。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is meant t bring gd luck in the cming year.”可知，人们表演舞狮盼新年好运。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Anthny perfrms as the lin's head.”可知，他在舞狮中扮演狮子头。
3.D 词义猜测题。根据下文“But a team's sense f cmmunity will never change.”中的关键词“But”和“never
change”可推测，画线的单词“evlve”是“演变”的意思。
4.D句意理解题。根据“这真的很棒，因为我们总是互相支持”可推断出，舞狮者像一家人一样互相支持。故选D.此处“have each ther's backs”相当于“supprt each ther”。
Passage 7(2022云南)
We knw many musical instruments well, such as pians, vilins, drums and s n. What abut the erhu? The erhu is a traditinal Chinese instrument. It is the mst ppular f the huqin family, and it has a lng histry.
The mdern erhu develped frm the xiqin, which was played by many ethnic minrities(少数民族)during the Tang Dynasty. In the Sng Dynasty, musicians began t use the erhu t perfrm different kinds f music, and it became quite a ppular instrument. With the rise f sme frms f flk art, the art f the erhu develped quickly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It became an imprtant accmpanying(伴奏)instrument in different kinds f flk music. At present, it is used in bth traditinal and mdern music, such as in pp, rck and jazz. It has even becme a sl(独奏) instrument. One f the mst famus musical pieces played n the erhu is Erquan Yingyue.
As the erhu was mainly played by cmmn peple and the playing skills were passed dwn rally(口头地),there are few written recrds abut the erhu that can be fund. T study the histry and the develpment f the erhu, histrians(历史学者)usually turn t ancient paintings. The earliest pictures f this instrument were fund in Yulin Caves and Eastern Thusand Buddha Caves in Gansu Prvince, where five erhu pictures were discvered n murals(壁画).
1.When did the erhu becme a ppular instrument?
2.T study the histry f the erhu, histrians usually_________.
A. play the mst famus erhu pieces
B. listen t different kinds f flk music
C. get help frm ancient paintings
D. read sme bks abut ethnic minrities
3.Which is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A. The huqin belngs t the erhu family.
B. Flk art stps the develpment f the erhu.
C. Peple can find plenty f written recrds abut the erhu.
D. The erhu is used in bth traditinal and mdern music nw.
4.Yu may read the passage in the_________ sectin f a newspaper.
5.The passage mainly talks abut_________.
A. the frms f flk music
B. the histry f the erhu
C. the rise f different dynasties-
D. the develpment f Chinese instruments
答案:
语篇解读文章介绍了中国传统乐器二胡的发展历史。子主题为“中外影视、戏剧、音乐、舞蹈、绘画、建筑等艺术形式中的文化价值和作品赏析”。
1.B 细节理解题。由第二段第二句“In the Sng it became quite a ppular instrument.”可知，二胡在宋朝开始变得流行。
2.C细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“T study the histry and the develpment f the erhu, histrians usually
turn t ancient paintings.”可知，C选项正确。
3.D细节理解题。由第二段中的“At present, it is used in bth traditinal and mdern music”可知，D选项正确。
4.A 文章主题题。这篇文章介绍了中国传统乐器二胡的发展，是在介绍中国的传统文化，因此会出现在报纸的文化版块。
5.B 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了中国传统乐器二胡的发展历史。
Passage 8(2022浙江湖州)
The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics has already cme t an end, and Chinese athletes(运动员) have made great achievements. But hw will the stadiums(场馆)be used after the Olympics?
The designers have already cnsidered that questin in their designs(设计).The plan is t let the stadiums serve cmmn peple and increase their interest in winter sprts. Just as ne f the designers f the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics said, “The stadiums can nt nly serve prfessinal athletes in the games, but als serve the public after the games.”
Fr example, the prfessinal ice race lanes(车道)fr athletes are 121 meters high and are nt fit fr amateurs. S the Natinal Ski and Sleigh Center has kept a special lane fr cmmn sprt-lvers. The height f the lane is abut 40 meters. This can make sure they will stay safe.
The Natinal Ski Jumping Center in Zhangjiaku, Hebei Prvince will cntinue being pen t the public fr skiing in winter and jgging in summer. In fact, peple can make use f the stadiums all year rund. On the tp f the center, peple can walk and enjy the beautiful scenery. There is als a standard ftball field that can hld 6,000 peple. Even cncerts and cultural fairs can be held there as well.
Time will tell whether the stadiums can be really made gd use f after the Olympic Games. In China,300 millin peple have already taken part in ice and snw sprts because f the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. Hpefully, that number will cntinue t rise with plans like these. After all, snw and ice sprts belng nt nly t talented prfessinal athletes, but als t everyne interested in them.
1.The underlined wrd “amateurs” in Paragraph 3 prbably refers t peple wh_________.
2.It can be learned frm the passage that_________.
A. the special ice race lane is 40 meters lwer
B. the stadiums will be used tw seasns a year
C .the ftball field in the center can hld 6,000 peple
D.300 millin peple watched the Beijing Winter Olympics
3.The passage mainly tells_________.
A. why mre Olympic stadiums will be built
B. hw the Olympic stadiums will be made full use f
C. what will be dne t prepare fr the Olympic Games
D. hw athletes are encuraged t make greater achievements
答案:
语篇解读本文介绍了人们如何在冬奥会后充分利用奥运场馆。子主题为“日常体育活动，重大体育赛事，体育精神”。
1.C 词义猜测题。根据上文中的“athletes(运动员）”可知，画线词指代运动只为乐趣的人，这些人和运动员比不够专业，只是业余人士。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中 There is als a standard ftball field that can hld 6,000 peple.可知C正确。
3.B 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“But hw will the stadiums be used after the Olympics?”可知全文在介绍如何在北京冬奥会后利用体育场馆。
语篇解读本文就如何正确地帮助朋友给出了一些建议。子主题为“良好的人际关系与人际交往”。
1.D写作目的题。根据第一段最后一句可知，本文的写作目的是告诉读者如何正确地帮助他人。
2.B 词义猜测题。根据本段段意及段末的举例可知，你的朋友表现得和往常不一样，你会发现一些端倪。这些信号显示他们可能不太好。因此“identify that they need help”的意思是“发现他们需要帮助”。
3.A 段落大意题。由第三段第一句“The next step tward helping thers is t listen.”可知，本段的建议与倾听有关。
4.D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Hwever, smetimes small things can lead t mre serius prblems that require mre help.”可知，当朋友遇到严重问题时，应寻求更多的帮助。D选项中“trusted teachers”指可以信任的老师，符合题意。
人与社会－社会服务与人际沟通
Passage 9(2022 广东广州)
When yu and yur friends turn t each ther t talk abut prblems r trubles, yu give each ther advice and help. One imprtant thing f ur grwth is t make decisins t help ur friends and learn t supprt each ther. This requires us t learn what it means t help friends and hw t help them in right ways.
The first step tward helping thers is t identify that they need help. We all knw that difficulties are part f ur daily lives. Hwever, smetimes small things can lead t mre serius prblems that require mre help. It's imprtant t make sure when t help a friend. Fr example, yu may pick up sme signs that yur friends are nt acting like themselves. These signs shw they may nt be well.
The next step tward helping thers is t listen. Paying attentin t thers while listening is very imprtant thrughut ur life. When we cmmunicate with thers, we need t learn when t speak and when nt t. As listeners, we shuld try t understand what the speakers are feeling r experiencing and try t see things frm their perspectives. Listening and paying attentin t thers when they speak is a sign f respect and a skill that will lead t deeper and better relatinships.
1. What is the purpse f the passage?
A. T discuss why peple help each ther.
B. T describe the prblems f giving help.
C. T intrduce the advantages f giving help.
D. T explain hw we can help thers prperly.
2.What des the underlined wrd “identify" in paragraph 2 mean?
3. What is the main idea f paragraph 3?
A. Act as a gd listener t yur friends.
B. Learn hw t give advice t yur friends.
C. Pay attentin t yur friends' unusual acts.
D. Build gd relatinships with yur friends.
4.Accrding t the writer, what shuld yu d if yur friends dn't fllw yur advice n their serius prblems?
答案:
语篇解读本文就如何正确地帮助朋友给出了一些建议。子主题为“良好的人际关系与人际交往”。
1.D写作目的题。根据第一段最后一句可知，本文的写作目的是告诉读者如何正确地帮助他人。
2.B 词义猜测题。根据本段段意及段末的举例可知，你的朋友表现得和往常不一样，你会发现一些端倪。这些信号显示他们可能不太好。因此“identify that they need help”的意思是“发现他们需要帮助”。
3.A 段落大意题。由第三段第一句“The next step tward helping thers is t listen.”可知，本段的建议与倾听有关。
4.D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Hwever, smetimes small things can lead t mre serius prblems that require mre help.”可知，当朋友遇到严重问题时，应寻求更多的帮助。D选项中“trusted teachers”指可以信任的老师，符合题意。
人与社会－科学与技术
Passage 10(2022浙江绍兴)
If yu lk arund the rm yu are in right nw, yu'll prbably ntice a number f electrnics. But can yu imagine if they all had t be jined tgether by wires(电线)?Picture the wire snaking alng the flr, fr example, frm yur smartphne t yur speaker, r cnnecting yur game cntrller t the cmputer screen, meaning yu culd never sit mre than a cuple f meters away frm it. A wrld f electrnics cnnected by wires wuldn't just be untidy, but a pssible danger, t. That's where Bluetth cmes in. We've all heard f it-but what exactly is it?
Bluetth is a methd f shrt-distance(短距离)wireless cmmunicatin between electrnics that makes use f the pwer f radi waves. The idea was first thught f by Dr. Jaap Haartsen at Swedish mbile cmpany Ericssn in 1994. Things really stepped up in September 1998 when the Bluetth Special Interest Grup(SIG) was set up t develp and spread the technlgy. Bluetth 1.0 came ut in 1999, and a year later it began t be used in mbile phnes and desktp cmputers. Nw Bluetth has becme an increasingly ppular way f slving the prblem f mre and mre electrnics needing t be cnnected, withut having t cnnect everything tgether with wires.
But if yu lk at the remte cntrl(遥控器)yu use t chse the prgram n TV, yu might rightly ask yurself why Bluetth was such a big deal. After all, cnnecting bjects with infrared signals(红外信号)which can't be seen had been dne befre. The prblem with remte cntrls is that they need t keep what is called “line f sight”. If smething is standing between the remte cntrl and receiver, it wn't wrk. Because Bluetth uses radi waves, the things standing in the way are n lnger a prblem.
Since its creatin in the late 1990s,the technlgy has becme mre and mre imprved and widely used, with the 4 billinth Bluetth bjects shipped in 2020.
1. Hw des the writer lead in the tpic“ Bluetth” in Paragraph 1?
2.With the setting up f SIG, Bluetth_________.
A. started t be used in cars
B. made radi waves knwn t peple
C. imprved and spread quickly
D. was able t cnnect all electrnics
3. Frm Paragraph 3,we mainly get t knw the_________ f Bluetth.
4. _________ will mst prbably be interested in this text.
答案:
语篇解读文章主要介绍了蓝牙技术的发展历程。子主题为“科学技术改变生活”。
1.A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“If yu lk arund the rm yu are in right nw, yu'll prbably ntice a number f electrnics...”可知，第一段描述了一个由电线连接的电子世界，不仅不整洁，而且也很危险，由此引出了本文的话题－蓝牙，所以作者通过描述一个场景引出话题。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Things really stepped up in September 1998 when the Bluetth Special Interest Grup (SIG) was set up t develp and spread the technlgy.”可知，蓝牙特别兴趣小组（SIG)完善和传播了该技术。
3.D 段落大意题。根据第三段中的“But if yu lk at the remte cntrl yu use t chse the prgram n TV, yu might rightly ask yurself why Bluetth was such a big deal.”以及本段其他内容可知，本段主要介绍了蓝牙的优势。
4.B 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了蓝牙的发展过程，所以科技爱好者会对这篇文章感兴趣。
Passage 11(2022四川广元)
Can yu imagine a clud flating in the middle f yur rm? D yu want t knw what it feels like t fly like a bird? Here, we have picked ut fur interesting inventins t share with yu.
Talking Glves
Fur freign students have created a pair f glves, and it helps peple t cmmunicate with peple wh have hearing and speaking prblems. The glves are equipped with sensrs(传感器).They recgnize sign language and translate it int text n a smartphne. Then the smartphne changes the text t spken wrds. Thus yu can understand sign language easily.
Ggle Glasses
Ggle Glasses are like a cmputer built int a pair f glasses. Then the glasses allw yu t surf the Internet and make calls withut even lifting a finger. The glasses als have a camera and GPS mapping system. Users can take and share phts, check maps and surf the Internet just by lking up, dwn, left and right.
Indr Cluds
That's a real wrld. An artist, Smilde managed t create a small but perfect white clud in the middle f a rm using a fg machine. But it required careful planning-the temperature, humidity(湿度)and lighting all had t be just right. The clud nly lasted fr a shrt while, thugh.
Wingsuits
The suit realizes yur dream f flying like a bird. Well, nt exactly flying, but gliding(滑翔) thrugh the air. It increases the surface area f the human bdy, which makes it easier fr peple t flat in the air. Fliers wearing wingsuits can glide ne kilmeter in abut 30 secnds.
1.What d “Talking Glves” help peple t understand?
2.Hw can users f “Ggle Glasses” surf the Internet?
3.Hw did the artist create a white clud in the rm?
4.Which f the fllwing can help yu fly?
5.What's the best title f the passage?
答案:
语篇解读 文章主要介绍了四个有趣的发明。子主题为“科学技术与工程，人类发明与创新”。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thus yu can understand sign language easily,可知，“Talking Glves”帮助人们去理解手势语。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Users the Internet just by lking up, dwn, left and right.可知，用户只需移动眼球就可以上网。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中“An artist, Smilde managed t create a small but perfect white clud in the middle f a rm using a fg machine. But it required careful planning...”可知，艺术家在房间里创造出一朵白云需要一台造雾机和精心的计划。
4.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The suit realizes yur dream f flying like a bird.”可知，Wingsuits 可以帮助你实现像鸟一样飞翔的梦想。
5.A最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了四个有趣的发明。
Passage 12(2022江苏扬州)
Researchers at China Aerspace Science and Industry Crp, a state-wned defense cntractr, have develped and made the wrld's first rbt whale shark(鲸鲨).
The rbtic shark has been n display in an aquarium(水族馆)at Shanghai Haichang Ocean Park since January.
A whale shark is a slw-mving carpet shark and the largest knwn living fish.
Designed and built by engineers at the Shenyang-based N. 111 Factry, the underwater rbt is 4.7 meters lng, weighs 350 kilgrams and can mve 42 meters a minute.
Pwered by a lithium battery, it can swim, turn, flat and dive like a real shark by mving its mechanical fins(鳍).The muth and gills(鳃)can als pen and clse like a shark's. The bimimetic shark is made f sensrs(传感器),multi-jint fins, batteries, and systems which enable it t avid what's in the way in all directins.
“The rbt can reach a depth f 10 meters and wrk fr as lng as 10 hurs,” said Fang Xuelin, a senir researcher in charge f the rbt shark prgram.
“The shark can be remtely cntrlled and can als swim based n preset prgrams r its wn sensrs,” he said.
“We have built multiple kinds f rbt fishes... the rbtic whale shark is the largest mechanical fish we have made s far,” Fang added. “Our rbts are t serve three purpses-t perfrm in aquariums fr entertainment, spread knwledge abut the sea and aquatic(水生的)animals amng yungsters, and carry ut scientific tasks such as hydrlgical surveys, underwater phtgraphy and envirnmental inspectin.”
“The factry nw plans t develp mre types f aquatic rbts, including sme extinct mammals(哺乳动物),fr display in parks and schls. It will als prmte the prducts t businesses engaged in fields such as underwater salvage and mineral prspecting," he said.
1.The whale shark n display is_________.
2.What des the underlined wrd “bimimetic" in Paragraph 5 mean?
3.Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A. The shark is the first mechanical fish made at the factry.
B. Pwered by a lithium battery, the shark can swim withut stpping.
C. The factry has built multiple kinds f rbt fishes including the shark.
D. The factry has develped sme extinct mammals fr display in parks.
4. What des Paragraph 8 mainly talk abut?
A. The limits f the aquatic rbts.
B. The purpses f the aquatic rbts.
C. The prgress in making aquatic rbts.
D. The steps t develping aquatic rbts.
答案:
语篇解读本文主要介绍了中国航天科工集团的研究人员研发并制造了世界上第一条机器鲸鲨。子主题为“科学技术与工程，人类发明与创新”。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The rbtic shark has been n display...”可知，展出的鲸鲨是机器鲨。
2.A 词义猜测题。根据上文“Pwered by a lithium battery, it can swim, turn, flat and dive like a real shark by mving its mechanical a shark's.”可知，bimimetic 是“仿生的”的意思。
3.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“We have built multiple kinds f rbt rbtic whale shark is the largest mechanical fish we have made s far”可知，工厂制造了包括机器鲨鱼在内的多种机器鱼。
4.B 段落大意题。根据第八段中的“Our rbts are t serve three purpses”及破折号后的具体说明可知，第八段主要介绍了水中的机器鱼的用途。
人与自然－灾害防范
Passage 1(2022湖南衡阳)
A big sandstrm hit nrthern China several mnths ag. It cvered many cities with thick cluds f yellw dust(尘土).
The strm, which came frm Mnglia, was the largest sandstrm in China in the past 10 years. Many flights and classes were canceled because the visibility(能见度)was lwer than 500 meters.
The strm was the result f warm and dry weather in the area, tgether with the strng winds frm Mnglia.“There has been little rainfall s far this spring and the temperature is rising. S nw it is a wrrying time fr sandstrms,” said an expert frm Beijing.
In recent years, sandstrms haven't been as cmmn in nrthern China as befre. The land with desertificatin(沙漠化)has been falling by 7,585 k㎡ per year in China, and the area f sandy land has been decreasing by 1,284 k㎡ a year. This is thanks t China's Three-Nrth Shelter Frest Prgram (TNSFP,三北防护林工程)which started in the 1970s. Millins f trees have been planted in nrthern China t prevent sandstrms and prtect the envirnment.
Besides, China has a clr-graded weather warning system(预警系统) fr sandstrms, with red meaning the mst serius, fllwed by range and yellw. Therefre, peple wuld have time t get prepared fr the sandstrm.
1.What caused the sandstrm frm Mnglia?
A. Cld and wet weather, tgether with the strng winds.
B. Warm, dry weather and the strng winds.
C. Warm, wet weather and the strng winds.
2.The underlined wrd “decreasing” means“_________”.
3.When did TNSFP start?
4. If the visibilty in yur city is 700 meters, what clr will the warning be?
5.What can we infer(推断)frm the passage?
A. We have taken sme actin t prevent sandstrms.
B. Sandstrms have never changed.
C. The weather is getting wrse and wrse.
答案:
语篇解读 本文介绍了沙尘暴是如何形成的，以及这种不利的天气现象正在得以控制并好转。子主题为“自然灾害与防范措施，人身安全与自我保护”。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The strm was the result f warm and dry weather in the area, tgether with the strng winds frm Mnglia.”可知，选B.
2.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的关键词 falling 及句意可知，画线词和falling意思相近，意为“下降”。
3.A 细节理解题。根据“This is thanks t China's Three-Nrth Shelter Frest Prgram(TNSFP,三北防护林工程）
which started in the 1970s.”可知，选A.
4.C图文理解题。根据最后一段中“Besides, China has... with red meaning the mst serius, fllwed by range and yellw.”可知，红色为最严重，其次为橙色和黄色。题干中700米的能见度属于图中第一行内容，因此是三个等级中最不严重的。
5.A 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了沙尘暴这一天气现象，以及我们在预防沙尘暴方面所采取的措施。
人与自然－环境保护
Passage 2(2022海南)
D yu ever find yurself standing in frnt f rubbish bins, nt sure whether the piece f waste in yur hand is recyclable r nt? T slve this prblem, fur Hng Kng high schl students have invented a smart rubbish bin that uses AI t srt(分类)the waste. The students named the bin Waste Cllectin Pint.
Cnnected t a cmputer, the bin uses a camera t tell the kind f the waste it receives and srts it int plastic, paper, glass, r ther kinds. T make sure the bin can srt waste crrectly, the team tested every prduct in the schl shp and tk at least 500 pictures f each ne. “T train the AI, we had t take many phts frm different angles(角度),s it has a better rate f accuracy,” said ne f the students wh built the AI system.
The idea f the smart bin was brn tw years ag, when the students were in Grade Ten. At that time, peple frm the city crwded int their village because f COVID-19. They left behind a lt f rubbish and caused mre pllutin.
“All the bins were full, and there was even rubbish n the muntain,” the students recalled. “Every weekend, we had t jin the villagers in picking up the waste.”
The students decided t develp a special recycling bin that wuld encurage peple t prtect the envirnment. Althugh schl ended at 2 pm, the team wuld cntinue t wrk n their inventin until 6 r 7 pm at schl. Even when their schl was clsed last year, they wuld still meet and wrk tgether nline.
“Our bin is nw in its third generatin(代). Befre graduatin, we hpe it can be widely used in the city,” the students said.“Then it will be easier than ever fr peple t recycle and prtect ur envirnment.”
1.Accrding t the first paragraph we knw the_________ f Waste Cllectin Pint.
2.The underlined wrds “rate f accuracy” mean"_________ ”in Chinese.
3. This chart shws why Waste Cllectin Pint was develped. Which is the missing part?
A. the hit f COVID-19
B. villagers' encuragement
C. picking up rubbish arund
4.This passage is mainly abut_________.
A. fur yung inventrs
B. a new inventin
C. the rubbish prblem
5. Hw is this passage rganized(组织)?(P=Paragraph)
答案:
语篇解读 本文主要介绍了一项新的发明－智能垃圾箱。子主题为“环境污染及原因，环保意识和行为”。
1.C 细节理解题。根据“a smart rubbish bin that uses AI t srt the waste”可知，它使用人工智能对垃圾进行分类，所以根据第一段我们可以知道它的用途。
2.A 词义猜测题。根据“T train the AI, we had t take many phts frm different angles”可知，从不同的角度拍摄许多照片，是为了让人工智能的准确度更高。
3.C 信息补全题。根据“＇All the bins were full, and there was even rubbish n the muntain,' the students recalled.
＇Every weekend, we had t jin the villagers in picking up the waste.'”可知，所有的垃圾箱都满了，山上甚至也有垃圾。每个周末，他们都要和村民一起捡垃圾，所以此处应该是捡垃圾。
4.B 主旨大意题。根据“．．．fur Hng Kng high schl students have invented a smart rubbish bin that uses AI t srt the waste.”以及文章其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的发明－智能垃圾箱。
5.B 文章结构题。第一段是整体介绍智能垃圾箱，点明主题；第二段介绍垃圾箱的使用；第三、四、五段介绍是如何产生智能垃圾箱的想法的，属于并列关系；第六段介绍垃圾箱的升级以及四名高中生的期望。
Passage 3(2022重庆B)
The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics was a great success. China has kept the prmise t hld a green Olympics. Many green actins made it pssible, like prviding envirnmentally friendly smart beds, using new energy(能源)cars, supprting sprting places with 100% clean energy and reusing rain and snw water.
Take making ice as an example. China didn't use R507, a cmmn material t make ice, because it isn't friendly enugh t the envirnment. Thrugh 18 mnths' hard wrk, China independently develped the CO2, direct cling technlgy.
A net f tubes runs under the ice. High-pressure liquid(液态)CO2ges thrugh them t create heat (热)exchange. The CO2, evaprates(蒸发) under the ice surface. The evapratin takes in heat and turns water n the surface int ice. And the CO2 ges int anther circle. This technlgy helps t make ice better and faster. And abve all, it is much greener because there's n new CO2, prduced. Amng all the 15 ice sprting places in the Winter Olympics, 7 used the CO2, direct cling technlgy t make ice. As a result, much less pllutin was caused.
Beijing did s much mre t save energy. Beijing built the new sprting places with green materials. As fr the ld nes, Beijing used new glass walls t take the place f traditinal walls t let mre natural light in. 70% f the waste heat was als reused t keep warm and dry. And a large number f new energy cars were used at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.
The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics is the first t truly achieve carbn neutrality(碳中和),and it has set new standards in green technlgies. Sme newspapers say China has set an example fr the wrld in envirnmental prtectin and green develpment.
1.Hw lng did it take China t develp the CO2, direct cling technlgy?
2. The writer writes Para.3 t shw_________.
A. why the CO2, ges int anther circle
B. hw the new ice-making technlgy helped
C. hw sprting plaices used the new technlgy
D. why the liquid CO2, runs thrugh the net f tubes
3.Accrding t the passage, we can infer(推断)that_________.
A. all the buildings will be built with glass walls in the near future
B. the CO2, direct cling technlgy may be widely used in the wrld
C. the high-pressure liquid CO2, will ttally take the place f R507 sn
D. n new standards in green technlgies may be set after the Olympics
4.Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the passage?
A.A New Green Ice-making Technlgy
B. Green Technlgies Used in Sprts
C.A Shared Future f Green Develpment
D. The Green Beijing Winter Olympics
答案:
语篇解读 本文主要介绍北京2022年冬奥会实现了绿色奥运的承诺，以及中国自主研发出了二氧化碳直接冷却技术。子主题为“环境污染及原因，环保意识和行为”。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thrugh 18 mnths' hard wrk, China independently develped the CO2 direct cling technlgy.”可知，历时18个月，中国自主研发出了二氧化碳直接冷却技术。
2.B 段落大意题。分析第三段内容可知，本段主要是介绍二氧化碳直接冷却技术是如何运作来制冰的。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第三段最后“As a result, much less pllutin was caused,”和最后一段中“Sme newspapers say China has set an example fr the wrld in envirnmental prtectin and green develpment.”可知，造成的污染减少了，且一些报纸称，中国在环境保护和绿色发展方面为世界树立了榜样。由此推知，二氧化碳直接冷却技术在世界范围内具有广泛的应用前景。
4.D 最佳标题题。本文主要介绍北京2022年冬奥会实现了绿色奥运的承诺，以及中国自主研发出了二氧化碳直接冷却技术。选项D“绿色北京冬奥会”符合主题。
Passage 4(2022广西北部湾经济区)
①Walk r drive t wrk? Which way is lwer in carbn(碳)?T be friendly t the envirnment, yu may chse t walk. Have yu ever tried t live a lw-carbn life thrugh yur diet(日常饮食)?
②A new study frm the University f Oxfrd has lked int the health and envirnmental influences f 15 fds cmmn in western diets. Amng these, plant-based(基于植物的)fds included fruits, vegetables, nuts and ptates. It als studied animal-based fds, including red meat, chicken, milk prducts, eggs and fish.
③Accrding t the study's lead researcher, Michael Clark, “Chsing better and greener diets is ne f the main ways peple can imprve their health and prtect the envirnment." That is t say, plant-based diets are much healthier fr us and kinder t the envirnment.
④T get this result, researchers cmpared the influence f eating anther prtin(一份)f each fd with the increased risk f a few illnesses. They als find ut the envirnmental harm fr each animal-based fd and each plant-based fd.
⑤By using this methd, the study fund that red meats were the mst unfriendly fds t the envirnment. Keeping farm animals prduces a large number f methane(甲烷)that keeps 30 times mre heat than CO2. As well as making the earth warmer, eating t much red meat is knwn t increase the risk f a few illnesses, such as heart truble.
⑥Plant-based diets can give us the same health benefïts in a much greener way. Accrding t the study, withut eating r using meat and milk prducts, glbal farmland use culd be cut dwn by mre than 75% and still feed the wrld.
⑦Speaking t The Guardian, Tim Bentn f Chatham Huse said, “If we can give peple reasnable fficial advice f what a healthy and green diet is, the wrld and its peple wuld be in a much better place.”
1.Which ne is animal-based fd?
2.What's the result f this study?
A. Many peple chse t walk t wrk.
B. Plant-based diets are healthier and greener.
C. The mre we eat, the better the envirnment is.
D.15 fds cmmn in western diets are nt healthy.
3. What is the main idea f paragraph ⑤?
A. The harm f CO2.
B. The risk f heart truble.
C.A-reasn fr keeping animals.
D. Tw disadvantages f red meats.
4.What des “benefits” in paragraph ⑥ mean in Chinese?
5.What will this study prbably be used fr?
A. Teaching farmers t plant vegetables crrectly.
B. Offering dctrs new methds t treat patients.
C. Leading peple t lse weight by ding exercise.
D. Giving fficial advice n health and envirnment.
答案:
语篇解读 本文介绍了植物性食物和动物性食物对人体健康和环境的影响。子主题为“环境污染及原因，环保意识和行为”。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，奶制品是动物性食物。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，植物性食物更健康、更环保。
3.D段落大意题。结合第五段第一句和最后一句可知，第五段主要介绍了红肉对环境及人体的危害。
4.C 词义猜测题。后文“in a much greener way”表示以更环保的方式，因此 benefits应表达积极的含义。
5.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Tim Bentn的话可以推断，这项研究可以给出一些关于健康和环境的官方建议。
Passage 5(2022安徽)
The Search-fr-Lst-Birds list has cme t public attentin recently. It lists ten kinds f birds that have nt been seen in the wild fr at least fifteen years. The list is calling n peple t search fr the rarest(最珍稀的)birds n Earth.
There culd be several reasns fr the lng disappearances f the birds n the list. Maybe there have been n studies in areas where they live. Maybe peple dn't knw where r hw t find them. Maybe there are changes t their natural hmes because f human activities.
This year, fur expeditins(考察队)are planning t find eight kinds f birds. If any f these lst birds are fund, ways can be fund t prtect them and help their ppulatins grw. This has happened t birds like the Madagascar pchard. The number f this nce-lst kind f bird is nw increasing.
1.Hw many kinds f birds are n the Search-fr-Lst-Birds list?
2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. Changes f the living areas f the birds.
B. Suggestins n hw t prtect the birds.
C. Reasns fr the disappearances f the birds.
D. Steps f building natural hmes fr the birds.
3.What can we learn abut the Madagascar pchard?
A. It has nt been fund till nw.
B. It has a larger ppulatin than befre.
C. It needs t live clse t humans.
D. It prvides prtectin fr ther birds.
4.What is the best title(标题)fr the text?
A. Ways t Raise Rare Birds
B. Bird-lvers Arund the Wrld
C. Searches fr the Lst Birds
D. Stries Abut Birds in the Wild
答案:
语篇解读 本文介绍了人们采取措施寻找那些已经消失在人们视野中的鸟类，帮助它们繁衍。子主题为“热爱与敬畏自然，与自然和谐共生”。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中“It lists ten kinds f birds that have nt been seen in the wild fr at least fifteen years.”可知，清单中列了十种鸟。
2.C 段落大意题。根据第二段第一句“There culd be several reasns fr the lng disappearances f the birds n the list.”可知，本段主要说明这些鸟消失的原因。
3.B 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“The number f this nce-lst kind f bird is nw increasing.”可知，这种鸟的数量现在正在增长。
4.C 最佳标题题。根据第一段中的“The Search-fr-Lst-Birds list has cme t public attentin recently.”及“The list is calling n peple t search fr the rarest birds n Earth.”并结合下文内容可知，本文围绕寻找那些已经消失在人类视野中的鸟类展开，故标题应是“寻找消失的鸟”。
人与自然－自然生态
Passage 6(2022湖南长沙)
Otters(水獭)are cute water animals. These days, keeping tters as pets is getting ppular. In Japan, sme “tter cafés(咖啡馆)”are pen fr business. Peple can pay t play with the tters there and t take phts with them. In Indnesia, peple g swimming with their pet tters and take funny vides. These phts and vides psted nline have interested mre peple t buy tters as pets.
Hwever, these enjyable phts and vides hide the damage(损害)that the nline trade is ding t tters. In fact, wild tters are facing many threats-they have lng been hunted(猎杀)fr their cats; in sme places, fishermen have been killing tters in rder t stp them frm eating fish; and nw, the nline pet trade has becme anther big prblem fr tters.
In the wild, baby tters usually stay with their mthers during their first year f life. Accrding t a reprt, 70% f the tters sld nline are under ne year ld. These baby tters have been stlen frm their mthers. When they are kept as pets by humans, they d nt live full and natural lives.
Otters are very scial. They live in family grups f up t 15 in the wild. Keeping an tter as a pet can make it very sad and lnely. These animals als need enugh space t swim. Their wners' bathtubs(浴缸)r pls are nwhere near as large as the bdies f water in the wild.
On the ther hand, tters simply dn't make gd pets. They have a very special fishy smell. If
they are kept indrs, they will leave a lt f waste arund the huse. This wuld make the smell even
mre unpleasant. Besides, when tters are unhappy, they will make lud nises and even attack(攻击)
peple. If a persn is hurt by an tter, he r she needs t g t hspital at nce.
S, we shuld stp the tter pet trade and never share phts and vides abut them nline.
1. What des Paragraph 1 mainly talk abut?
A. The ways f buying tters nline.
B. The advantages f playing with tters.
C. The ppularity f keeping tters as pets.
2.What des the underlined wrd “threats" mean in Paragraph 2?
3.What d we knw abut tters in the wild?
A. They live in family grups f up t 15.
B. They dn't need enugh space t swim.
C. Baby tters never stay with their mthers.
4.Why dn't tters make gd pets?
a. They may attack peple.
b. They may make lud nises.
c. They have a special fishy smell.
d. They need t g t hspital ften.
5. What is the writer's main purpse f writing the text?
A. T tell peple the tters' living habits.
B. T teach peple hw t keep a pet tter.
C. T call n peple t stp the tter pet trade.
答案:
语篇解读 本文通过事实告诉大家，水獭不适合养在家里做宠物。子主题为“热爱与敬畏自然，与自然和谐共生”。
1.C 段落大意题。第一段主要介绍了如今饲养水獭当宠物很流行。
2.B 词义猜测题。破折号后的内容是对“threats”的具体说明，都是水獭面临的威胁。
3.A 细节理解题。由第四段第二句“They live in family grups f up t 15 in the wild.”可知，A项正确。
4.A 细节理解题。由第五段倒数第二句“Besides, when tters are unhappy, they will make lud nises and even attack peple,”可知a,b正确。由第五段第二句“They have a very special fishy smell.”可知c正确。d文中没
有提到。
5.C 写作目的题。本文主要介绍了水獭所面临的人类的威胁以及水獭不适合当宠物的原因。由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是号召人们停止水獭宠物贸易。
Passage 7(2022 河南)
There's nthing quite like falling sund asleep after a full day f wrk. Like peple, animals need t rest after wrking hard. Sme animals sleep in water. Others dig hles under the grund. Sme even sleep high in trees r under leaves. But they all find a way t rest.
Sme animals in the sea sleep in strange ways. Fish sleep with their eyes pen. They seem t lk ahead far int the sea while they rest. Sea tters smetimes sleep in beds f the plants that grw in the sea. This keeps them frm mving away. Parrtfish blw smething frm their muths when they are ready t sleep. Then a bubble(气泡)will be frmed arund them. The bubble prtects them frm harm while they sleep.
Sme animals sleep under the grund. Chipmunks(花栗鼠)sleep curled up(蜷缩)in a ball. Their beds are made f leaves and grass. In winter, they sleep fr tw weeks and wake up t eat the stred fd. Then they g back t sleep fr anther tw weeks befre waking up again. Sme desert frgs dig undergrund hles during the ht, dry seasn. A frg may stay in its hle fr mnths.
High abve the grund, mnkeys find leafy places in trees each evening befre they sleep. The tall trees help t keep mnkeys safe during the night. Sme insects even sleep under the leaf that will be their next meal. A bee may climb dwn int a flwer t rest. When it climbs ut the next mrning, it is rested and ready fr wrk.
1.What animals blw bubbles when they sleep?
2.What d we knw abut chipmunks accrding t the text?
A. They rest with their eyes pen.
B. They never sleep curled up in a ball.
C. They wake up nw and then in winter.
D. They dn't eat any fd during the winter.
3. What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A. The frest where mnkeys sleep safely.
B. The animals that sleep abve the grund.
C. The reasn why bees climb dwn int flwers.
D. The ways that keep animals away frm danger.
4. What is the structure f the passage?(P=Paragraph)
5.What's the best title fr the text?
答案:
语篇解读 本文介绍了一些动物的睡眠方式。子主题为“常见的动物，动物的特征与生活环境＂。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后三句话可知选D.
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In winter, they sleep fr tw weeks and wake up t eat the stred fd. Then they g back t sleep fr anther tw weeks befre waking up again.”可知，花栗鼠在冬眠时常醒来。
3.B 段落大意题。最后一段主要介绍了在地面上方睡眠的动物。
4.A 文章结构题。本文结构清晰，第一段引出话题，总领全文，第二段、第三段、第四段分别介绍了动物的不同睡眠方式。
5.C 最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了动物的不同睡眠方式。
Passage 8(2022四川成都)
Mst peple agree that hnesty is a gd thing. But des Mther Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie with their bdies and behavir? Animal experts may nt call it lying, but they d agree that many animals behave dishnestly t fl ther animals. Dishnesty ften helps them survive(生存).
Many kinds f birds are very successful at fling ther animals. A bird called the plver smetimes pretends(假装)t be hurt in rder t prtect its yung. When an enemy gets clse t its nest, the plver pretends t have a brken wing. The enemy fllws the “hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe.
Anther kind f bird, the scrub jay, buries(埋) its fd s it always has smething t eat. Scrub jays als steal fd. They watch where thers bury their fd and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem t knw when thers are watching them. S they get back later, unbury the fd, and bury it again smewhere else.
Chimpanzees can als be sneaky. After a fight, the lsing chimpanzee will give its hand t the ther. When the winning chimpanzee puts ut its hand, t, the chimpanzees are friendly again. But an animal expert nce saw a lsing chimpanzee take the winner's hand and start fighting again. When chimpanzees find fd, it's natural fr them t cry ut. Then ther chimpanzees cme running. But sme clever chimpanzees learn t cry very sftly when they find fd. That way, ther chimpanzees dn't hear them, and they dn't need t share the fd.
1.Why des the plver pretend t be hurt?
A. T shw its friendliness.
B. T save its yung.
C. T catch the enemy.
2.What d clever scrub jays d with their fd?
A. They bury the fd deep.
B. They watch the fd.
C. They bury the fd twice.
3. What will the chimpanzee prbably d after crying sftly?
A. It will eat all the fd it finds.
B. It will share the fd with thers.
C. It will fight again with the winner.
4. Accrding t Paragraph 4,in which picture can we find a sneaky animal?
5.What is the best title f the passage?
A. D animals lie?
B. Hnesty r dishnesty?
C. Hw d animals prtect lives?
答案:
语篇解读 文章介绍了一些动物为了生存而做出的“不诚实”的行为。子主题为“常见的动物，动物的特征与生活环境”。
1.B 细节理解题。由第二段第二句“A bird called the plver smetimes pretends t be hurt in rder t prtect its yung.”可知，鸻假装受伤是为了保护雏鸟。
2.C 细节理解题。由第三段最后两句“But clever scrub jays seem t knw when thers are watching them. S they get back later, unbury the fd, and bury it again smewhere else.”可知，聪明的灌丛鸦埋好食物后会回来把食物挖出来，再埋到别的地方。
3.A 文章后续推断题。由文章最后两句“But sme clever chimpanzees learn t cry very sftly when they find fd. That way, ther chimpanzes dn't hear them ,and they dn't need t share the fd.”可知，一些聪明的黑猩猩在找到食物的时候会轻轻地叫，这样其他黑猩猩就听不到它们的叫声，它们也就不需要分享食物而是可以独自享用。
4.C 图文理解题。上文讲到两种会“欺骗”其他动物的鸟。黑猩猩是文中提到的第三种动物。由文中画线词前的副词“als”和下文中对黑猩猩行为的描述可知，黑猩猩也会“欺骗”其他动物。故可知画线词表示“会骗人的；狡猾的”。选项C的图画内容为大家熟知的狐狸和乌鸦的故事，狐狸的狡猾符合sneaky的含义。
5.A 最佳标题题。文中介绍了一些动物为了生存而做出的“不诚实”的行为。＂D animals lie?”符合文章大意。
Passage 9(2022 山东泰安)
We all knw the sun is imprtant. It makes life n ur planet pssible. But hw des the sun d that? It's the sun's energy.
Energy frm the sun is called slar energy(太阳能).It cmes in the frm f light r heat. Peple have used slar energy fr thusands f years. The sun's energy can be used t heat water and even fd. If yu wn a magnifying glass, yur parents have prbably warned yu nt t leave it in the sun. Slar energy can actually make the magnifying glass burn bjects underneath it, causing a fire. This type f energy frm the sun is called slar thermal(热的)energy.
We can als turn the sun's light int electricity. This is dne with slar panels(板). Slar panels are made up f a material called silicn(硅).The silicn is heated and frmed int very thin wafers (晶片).When the sunlight hits the slar panel, the electrns in the silicn mve and flw thrugh wires(电线).Using this technlgy, we can run a calculatr and even pwer cars.
But what happens n cludy days? The electrns in the silicn will stp mving, which means the electricity can't flw. But this desn't mean that slar energy can nly be used n sunny days. Peple can use the batteries(电池)which are attached t(附着于)slar panels t stre the electricity. S the stred electricity can be used t pwer cars at night r n cludy days.
Did yu knw that slar energy is nt as expensive as it used t be? In fact, in the last few years, slar panels have becme much mre affrdable fr peple t use. Since the sun gives ff mre energy in ne secnd than peple have used, imagine what we culd d if we used the sun's energy t pwer ur planet.
1. A magnifying glass can make bjects lk________ .
2. What des the third paragraph mainly tell us?
A. Hw t use slar thermal energy.
B. Hw t pwer ur planet.
C. Hw t stre electricity with batteries.
D. Hw t turn sunlight int electricity with slar panels.
3.We can use________ t pwer cars at night accrding t the furth paragraph.
4.Which f the fllwing statements is NOT true?
A. Slar panels are made up f silicn.
B. Slar energy can be used fr heating fd.
C. It csts mre t use slar energy than befre.
D. Peple have used slar energy fr thusands f years.
答案:
语篇解读 太阳对地球上的生命很重要，本文介绍了太阳能被人类利用的过程。子主题为“人与自然相互依存，绿色生活的理念和行为”。
1.B 词义理解题。根据题目中的“magnifying glass”定位到第二段＂Slar energy can actually make the magnifying glass burn bjects underneath it, causing a fire.”可以推断“magnifying glass表示“放大镜”，放大镜能使物体看起来更大。
2.D 段落大意题。第三段介绍的是利用太阳能板将阳光转化成电的过程。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，储存的电可以在夜间为汽车提供动力。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，太阳能不像以前那么贵了，所以C项的说法是错误的。人与自然－宇宙探索
人与自然－宇宙探索
Passage 10(2022云南)
Wukng, Tiangng, yu knw where the names f Chinese space prgrams cme frm?
Wukng, the Dark Matter Particle Explrer satellite(暗物质粒子探测卫星),is named after Chinese superher Mnkey King. Accrding t Jurney t the West, Mnkey King has a pair f sharp eyes which can tell the difference between gd and evil. The Wukng satellite is just as sharp-eyed as Mnkey King t help scientists search fr dark matter in space.
The name f the space statin, Tiangng, means “Heavenly Palace”. In Chinese myths, this is the hme f Tian Di. Nw Tiangng Space Statin is a hme fr Chinese astrnauts in space. And China
welcmes freign astrnauts t Tiangng s that they can wrk tgether.
Tianwen, China's Mars missins(任务),gets its name frm the pem Tianwen by Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan is a well-knwn pet frm ancient China. In Tianwen, he had the questins abut the sky, stars, nature, myths and the real wrld, shwing his hunger fr truth. Perhaps the Tianwen missins will end up answering sme f Qu Yuan's questins.
If yu lk int mre names f Chinese space prgrams, yu will find that they all have beautiful meanings. We, the Chinese peple, have a lng-cherished(珍藏已久的)space dream. S the naming f Chinese space prgrams is taken very seriusly.
1.What is the Wukng satellite used fr?
A. Answering sme f Qu Yuan's questins.
B. Finding the difference between gd and evil.
C. Helping scientists search fr dark matter in space.
D. Welcming freign astrnauts t the space statin.
2.The underlined wrd “myths” in Paragraph 3 means“________” in Chinese.
3.The name f China's Mars missins is frm________.
4.Why d we take the naming f Chinese space prgrams seriusly?
5.Which can be the best title fr the passage?
答案:
语篇解读 文章介绍了中国航天项目中那些美丽的名字的由来。子主题为“地球与宇宙探秘，航天事业发展”。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The Wukng satellite is just as sharp-eyed as Mnkey King t help scientists search fr dark matter in space.”可知，卫星“悟空”是用来帮助科学家寻找宇宙暗物质的。
2.B 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Tiangng, means“Heavenly Palace'”及“this is the hme f Tian Di”可知，天宫指的是天帝所居住的天上的宫殿。根据常识可知，天宫和天帝源于中国神话故事。
3.A 细节理解题。由第四段第一句“Tianwen, China's Mars missins, gets its name frm the pem Tianwen by Qu
Yuan.”可知，答案为A.
4.D 细节理解题。由第五段最后两句可知，我们中国人有着一个珍藏已久的太空梦，所以我们对中国太空项目的取名非常认真。
5.A 最佳标题题。文章主要讲述了中国三个太空项目的名字的由来，并解释了为什么会为太空项目取这些名字。由此可知，文章的最佳标题是A选项（多么美丽的名字）。
A. The prblem.
B. The new wrd.
C. The cnversatin.
D. The dictinary.
A.②③①④
B.②③④①
C.③④②①
D.③②①④
A. Tips fr Translating Wrds
B. Advice n Using Grammar
C. Abilities f Creating Examples
D. Ways f Learning New Wrds
●If yu and yur friend like t eat ut, first yu pay and the ther pays the next time. Yu are alternating paying.
●If yu g t the mvies n alternate Saturdays, yu g n ne Saturday, but nt the ther Saturday.
●If yu have n alternative, yu have n ther chice.
A. The situatin.
B. The crime scene.
C.A new and difficult wrd.
D. Everything that is knwn.
A. They each pay half.
B. Jim pays every time.
C. They take turns paying.
D. Their parents pay fr them.
A. By giving a fact.
B. By taking an example.
C. By telling a stry.
D. By having a discussin.
A
B
C
D
A. travel
B. migrate
C. emigrate
D. immigrate
A. g t bed befre 10 pm
B. g t bed befre 11 pm
C. sleep at least 10 hurs a day
D. sleep at least 11 hurs a day
A. be bad fr sleep quality
B. imprve music ability
C. help peple fall asleep quickly
D. appear nly during the day
A. wearing a hat all the time
B. washing yur hair crrectly
C. brushing r cmbing hair gently
D. cnditining yur hair
A.进化
B.发育
C.天生
D.训练
A.A map, a cmpass and a flag.
B.A flag, a cmpass and a card.
C.A cmpass, a map and a card.
D.A phne, a cmpass and a map.
A.9.
B.10.
C.11.
D.12.
A
B
C
D
A. By listing yur ideas.
B. By telling a funny stry.
C. By standing up straight.
D. By saying simple wrds.
A. The day yu prepare vides.
B. The day yu get sme advice.
C. The day yu visit yur friends.
D. The day yu make a presentatin.
A. T repeat tpics.
B. T shw thanks.
C. T make suggestins.
D. T share main ideas.
A.3.
B.4.
C.5.
D.6.
A.名
B.姓氏
C.字
D.昵称
A. T shw their lve.
B. T shw their gd relatinship.
C. T shw their kindness.
D. T shw their respect.
A. Family name.
B. Nickname.
C. Given name.
D. Curtesy name.
A. In Japan.
B. In China.
C. In Turkey.
D. In the UK.
A. drink tea t get fat
B. ffer tea t say gdbye
C. think f tea as a bad drink
D. have tea t relax themselves
A. Leaves.
B. Sugar.
C. Dishes.
D. Beans.
A. Celebratins.
B. Feelings.
C. Family.
D. Health.
A
B
C
D
A. telling stries
B. giving examples
C. asking questins
D. sharing experiences
A. draw the readers' attentin
B. give rders that readers shuld fllw
C. express the strng feelings f wrry
D. give the decisins that have been made
a
Teens help students in remte areas
Lu, a Chinese student, nly turned 18 in January, but he's already made a big difference t the lives f many pr yung peple living in China's remte(偏远的) areas. His nline English lessns have ffered them a chance t knw a wrld they culd nly imagine befre. Many have achieved university dreams.
b
Luban Lck: magic Chinese puzzle
2,000 years ag, a famus Chinese carpenter named Luban created a magic Chinese puzzle called “Luban Lck”, which he used t test hw smart his sn was. Watch as Rachel learns t make this Chinese puzzle and tries t slve it! D yu want t have a try?
c
First picture f the black hle
The first picture f the huge black hle at the heart f the Milky Way was shwn n Thursday, thanks t the effrts f astrnmers(天文学家) frm arund the wrld, including 17 frm China. Shen Zhiqiang says that the future purpse f the Event Hrizn Telescpe( EHT) is t get vide pictures f the black hle at the center f the Milky Way.
d
China's health care
China has made prgress in public health ver the past years. In 1949, average life expectancy(平均寿命)was 35. It reached abut 77 in 2019, much higher than the wrld average f 73. In 1949, there were just 3,670 medical and health rganizatins in the whle cuntry. The number increased t nearly 1 millin at the end f 2018. Health insurance(保险)has als benefited ver 95 percent f the ppulatin.
A. The lin's head.
B. The lin's tail.
C. The drummer.
D. The dresser.
A.延期
B.模仿
C.举办
D.演变
A. In the Tang Dynasty.
B. In the Sng Dynasty.
C. In the Ming Dynasty.
D. In recent years.
A. culture
B. business
C. health
D. nature
A. design the stadiums
B. cmpete in the Olympics
C. d sprts fr enjyment
D. wrk fr the Winter Olympics
A. Require.
B. Discver.
C. Suggest.
D. Remember.
A. Keep their prblems as secrets.
B. Let them make their wn decisins.
C. Find ut the causes f their prblems.
D. Get help frm their trusted teachers.
A. By describing scenes.
B. By cmparing facts.
C. By telling stries.
D. By explaining reasns.
A. develpment
B. ppularity
C. standard
D. advantage
A. Phne sellers
B. Technlgy fans
C. Newspaper reprters
D .Histry lvers
A. Spken wrds.
B. Sign language.
C. Written wrds.
D. The text n the smartphne.
A. By speaking t the glasses.
B. By tapping the keybard.
C. By lifting a finger.
D. By mving the eyeballs.
A. With a fg machine.
B. With right temperature.
C. With a fg machine and careful planning.
D. With a fg machine and right lighting.
A. Talking Glves.
B. Wingsuits.
C. Ggle Glasses.
D. Indr Cluds.
A. Fur Interesting Inventins
B. Fur Famus Inventins
C. The Advantages f Fur Inventins
D. Fur Dreams f the Future
A. the wrld's first rbt
B. the largest living fish
C. a 7.4-meter-lng shark
D. a rbtic shark
A.仿生的
B.虚拟的
C.杂交的
D.变异的
A. ging up
B. putting dwn
C. ging dwn
A. In the 1970s.
B. In the 1980s.
C. In the 1960s.
A. Red.
B. Orange.
C. Yellw.
A. price
B. size
C. use
A.精准度
B.参与度
C.知名度
A
B
C
A.18 mnths.
B.100 weeks.
C.15 days.
D.7 years.
A. Milk prducts.
B. Fruits.
C. Ptates.
D. Vegetables.
A.问题
B.方式
C.益处
D.状况
A. Fur.
B. Eight.
C. Ten.
D. Fifteen.
A.机遇
B.威胁
C.选择
A.a,b,c
B.a,b,d
C.b,c,d
A. Sea tters.
B. Mnkeys.
C. Desert frgs.
D. Parrtfish.
A
B
C
D
A. Where animals live?
B. Why animals mve?
C. Hw animals sleep?
D. What animals feed n?
A
B
C
A. smaller
B. bigger
C. mre beautiful
D. further
A. thin wafers
B. the mnlight
C. slar thermal energy
D. the stred electricity
A.诗歌
B.神话
C.谚语
D.传记
A. Qu Yuan's pem Tianwen
B. an ancient nvel
C. ancient Chinese myths
D. Jurney t the West
A. We want t land n Mars.
B. We want t prtect the Earth.
C. We have the hunger fr truth.
D. We have a dream fr space.
A. What Beautiful Names
B. What a Cherished Star
C. What Excellent Pems
D. What a Lng Jurney