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专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇(第一期)-备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(天津专用)
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这是一份专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇(第一期)-备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(天津专用)，共26页。
（2023·天津南开·南开中学校考模拟预测）Styrfam, r plystyrene, is a light-weight material, abut 95 percent air, with very gd insulatin (隔热) prperties, accrding t Earthsurce.rg. It is used in prducts frm cups that keep yur drinks ht r cld t packaging material that prtects items during shipping. With the abve gd features, Styrfam still enjys a bad reputatin. It cannt be recycled withut releasing dangerus pllutin int the air. The U. S. Envirnmental Prtectin Agency says it is the fifth-largest creatr f harmful waste.
But nw the cmmn wrms which are usually disgusting can cme t the rescue, specifically, mealwrms. Scientists frm the U. S. and China have discvered that mealwrms can digest plastic. One mealwrm can digest a pill-sized amunt f plastic a day. Study c-authr Wei-Min Wu says that in 24 hurs, the plastic is turned int carbn dixide.
Since Styrfam has n nutritin at all, are the wrms hurt by eating plastic? Much t the scientists’ surprise, the study fund that wrms eating Styrfam were as healthy as wrms eating bran (谷糠). The researchers will study the wrm’s eating habits and digesting system, lking t cpy the plastic breakdwn but n a larger scale. Once the way can be put int practice, it will make a revlutinary difference t the dispsal f plastic.
“Slving the issue f plastic pllutin is imprtant”, says Wu, a Stanfrd University envirnmental engineering instructr. After all, ur earth is small and landfill space is becming limited with t much garbage waiting t be dealt with, he says.
Abut 33-millin tns f plastic are thrwn away in the United States every year. Plastic plates, cups and cntainers take up 25 percent t 30 percent f space in America’s landfills. One Styrfam cup takes mre than 1 millin years t recycle in a landfill, accrding t Cleveland State University.
1．What d we knw abut Styrfam?
A．It can be used t cl drinks.
B．It is a weightless material.
C．It is harmful when recycled.
D．It is usually used n ships.
2．What can we infer frm the secnd paragraph?
A．Mealwrms have amazing digesting pwer.
B．Mealwrms are nt bad in their nature.
C．Mealwrms can rescue peple’s lives.
D．Peple misunderstd mealwrms in the past.
3．Why will researchers study the wrm’s eating habits and digesting system?
A．T find ways t help mealwrms grw larger.
B．T imitate their ways f breaking dwn plastic.
C．T help develp their digesting ability.
D．T make sure f their safety after eating plastic.
4．In the future, plastic may be recycled ______.
A．by raising amunts f mealwrms
B．by envirnmental engineering instructrs
C．using a methd inspired by eating mealwrms
D．withut sending ut dangerus pllutin
5．What’s the main idea f this passage?
A．Styrfam is widely used in daily life.
B．Mealwrms are genius at eating plastic.
C．Plastic recycling may be n mre a prblem.
D．Plastic can be turned int carbn dixide.
（2023·天津·耀华中学校考二模）In 2016, the wrld’s ppulatin cast aside 49 millin tns f electrnic waste, knwn as e-waste. It has been calculated that this number will grw t mre than 60 millin tns by 2021.
What is causing the upsurge (激增) in e-waste? Technlgy is becming mre and mre widespread, cvering almst every aspect f ur lives. Meanwhile, the lifespan f devices is getting shrter—many prducts will be thrwn away nce their batteries die, t be replaced by new devices. Cmpanies intentinally plan the bslescence (过时) f their gds by updating the design r sftware and discntinuing supprt fr lder mdels, s that nw it is usually cheaper and easier t buy a new prduct than t repair an ld ne. Since prices are falling, electrnic devices are in demand arund the wrld.
As mre peple buy electrnic equipment, manufacturers (制造商) are beginning t face shrtages f the raw materials needed t make their prducts, s recycling and reusing materials frm discarded (扔掉的) prducts and waste makes ecnmic and envirnmental sense.
Recycling e-waste is practiced bth frmally and infrmally. Prper r frmal e-waste recycling usually invlves taking apart the electrnics, separating and srting thrugh the materials and cleaning them. Cmpanies must bey health and safety rules t reduce the health and envirnmental hazards f handling e-waste by using pllutin-cntrl technlgies. All this makes frmal recycling expensive. Infrmal recycling is typically unlicensed and uncntrlled. At infrmal recycling wrkshps, men and wmen recver valuable materials by burning devices t melt away nn-valuable materials. Usually they d nt wear prtective equipment and lack any awareness that they are handling dangerus materials.
With the amunt f e-waste grwing arund the wrld, recycling alne will nt be enugh t slve the prblem. In rder t reduce e-waste, manufacturers need t design electrnics that are safer, and mre durable, repairable and recyclable. The best thing yu can d is resist buying a new device until yu really need it. Try t get yur ld prduct repaired if pssible and, if it can’t be fixed, resell r recycle it respnsibly. Befre yu recycle yur device, put any brken parts in separate cntainers and clse these tightly t prevent chemicals frm leaking. Wear latex glves and a mask if yu’re handling smething that’s brken.
6．Which f the fllwing is a reasn fr e-waste’s sharp increasing?
A．The falling f devices’ quality.B．The results f updating devices.
C．The methds f recycling e-waste.D．The shrtage f prtective equipment.
7．What makes recycling e-waste meaningful accrding t the text?
A．Increasing the variety f electrnic prducts.B．Lwering the csts f technlgy innvatin.
C．Relieving the lack f the raw materials.D．Imprving the pr quality f e-devices.
8．What is the meaning f the underlined wrd “hazards” in paragraph 4?
A．Influence.B．Harm.C．Limits.D．Csts.
9．What can we knw abut infrmal recycling wrkshps frm paragraph 4?
A．They are blamed fr shrtening the lifespan f devices.
B．Their ways f reusing waste are smetimes encuraged.
C．They aim t discver rare materials frm waste fr new prducts.
D．Their wrkers are unaware f the danger frm dealing with devices.
10．What des the authr want t cnvey in the last paragraph?
A．Everyne shuld take actin t reduce e-waste.
B．Cmpanies shuld be mainly respnsible fr reducing e-waste.
C．Fixing a device culd cause mre pllutin than buying a new ne.
D．E-waste culd be brken dwn by burying it undergrund fr a lng time.
（2023·天津和平·统考二模）Scientists wh study happiness knw that being kind t thers can imprve well-being. Acts as simple as buying a cup f cffee fr smene can bst a persn’s md, fr example. Everyday life affrds many pprtunities fr such actins, yet peple d nt always take advantage f them.
In studies published nline in the Jurnal f Experimental Psychlgy, a behaviral scientist and I examined a pssible explanatin: peple wh perfrm randm acts f kindness underestimate hw much recipients value their behavir.
In ne experiment, participants at an ice-skating rink in a public park gave away ht chclate n a cld winter’s day. Althugh the peple giving ut the ht chclate saw the act as relatively insignificant, it really mattered t the recipients. Our research als revealed ne reasn that peple may underestimate their actin’s impact. When we asked ne set f participants t estimate hw much smene wuld like getting a cupcake simply, fr participating in a study, fr example, their predictins were well calibrated (校准) with recipients’ reactins. But when peple received cupcakes thrugh a randm act f kindness, the cupcake givers underestimated hw psitive their recipients wuld feel. Recipients f these unexpected actins tend t fcus mre n warmth than perfrmers d.
Missing the imprtance f warmth may stand in the way f being kinder in daily life. Peple knw that cupcakes given in kindness can make them feel surprisingly gd. If peple undervalue this effect, they might nt bther t carry ut these warm, prscial behavirs (亲社会行为).
And kindness can be cntagius (传染的). In anther experiment, we had peple play an ecnmic game that allwed us t examine what are smetimes called “pay it frward” effects. In this game, participants allcated mney between themselves and a persn whm they wuld never meet. Peple wh had just been n the receiving end f a kind act gave substantially mre t an annymus (无名的) persn than thse wh had nt. The persn wh perfrmed the initial act did nt recgnize that their genersity wuld spill ver in these dwnstream interactins.
These findings suggest that what might seem small when we are deciding whether r nt t d smething nice fr smene else culd matter a great deal t the persn we d it fr. Given that these warm gestures can enhance ur wn md and brighten the day f anther persn, why nt chse kindness when we can?
11．Why d peple ften fail t shw kindness t thers?
A．They dn’t knw hw t demnstrate their happiness clearly.
B．They can’t effectively take pprtunities t be kind daily.
C．They undervalue the psitive impact their kindness made.
D．They have n idea hw t perfrm randm acts f kindness.
12．Thse wh gave away ht chclate at an ice-skating rink wuld ________.
A．feel mre mtivated with the recipients’ reactins
B．inspire strangers t fllw their examples
C．expect mre appreciatin frm recipients
D．think nthing f the randm act f kindness
13．What can we learn abut the cupcake receivers frm the third paragraph?
A．They verestimated the psitive impact f the randm kindness.
B．They attached mre significance t unexpected acts f kindness.
C．They respnded differently t the predictins after the experiment.
D．They lnged fr mre pprtunities t participate in similar studies.
14．What’s the main idea f paragraph 5?
A．Peple smetimes suffer frm “pay it frward” effect.
B．A kind act can earn peple mre ecnmic benefits.
C．Genersity smetimes can be recgnized initially.
D．Kindness can inspire peple t fllw ne anther.
15．What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．Kindness can have unexpected psitive effect
B．Kindness can bring different peple tgether
C．What shuld we d t ensure happiness in life
D．Hw can peple get happiness withut effrts
（2023·天津·统考二模）“If yu were bred, it wasn’t because there was nthing t d. It was because yu hadn’t put enugh effrt int.” That was my Mum’s philsphy. Bredm has becme trendy.
Sme new studies shw hw bredm is gd fr creativity and innvatin, as well as mental health. It is fund that peple were mre creative fllwing the cmpletin f a bring and dull task. When peple are bred, they have an increase in “assciative thught”—the prcess f making new cnnectins between ideas, which is linked t innvative thinking. These studies are impressive, but in reality, the benefits f bredm may be related t having time t clear yur mind, be quiet r daydream.
In ur wrld, it seems unrealistic that bredm culd ccur at all. Yet, there are valid reasns bredm may feel s painful. As it turns ut, bredm might signal the fact that yu have a need that isn’t being met. Our always-n wrld f scial media may result in mre cnnectins, but they are superficial (表面的) and can get in the way f building a real sense f belnging. Feeling bred may signal the desire fr a greater sense f cmmunity and the feeling that yu fit in with thers arund yu. S take the step f jining an rganizatin t build face-t-face relatinships. Yu’ll find depth that yu wn’t get frm yur screen n matter hw many likes yu get n yur pst.
Bred peple ften reprt that they feel a limited sense f meaning. If yu want t reduce bredm and increase yur sense f meaning, seek wrk where yu can make a unique cntributin, r find a cause yu can supprt with yur time and talent. If yur definitin f bredm is being quiet, mindful, and reflective, keep it up. But if yu’re struggling with real bredm and the emptiness it prvkes, cnsider whether yu might seek new cnnectins and mre significant challenges. These are the things that will genuinely ease bredm and make yu mre effective in the prcess.
16．What was the pinin f the authr’s mm twards bredm?
A．She thught it a philsphical questin.
B．She cnsidered her life was bring.
C．She believed it indicates having t much energy.
D．She thught less effrt led t bredm.
17．What have studies fund abut bredm?
A．It bsts innvative thinking.
B．It is a result f ding bring tasks.
C．It helps peple cnnect with thers.
D．It des harm t ne’s mental health.
18．What d we learn abut scial media frm the passage?
A．It may be a barrier t expanding ne’s cnnectins.
B．It may get in the way f enhancing ne’s scial status.
C．It may prevent peple frm develping a genuine sense f cmmunity.
D．It may make peple feel that they ught t fit in with the utside wrld.
19．What des the authr suggest peple d t get rid f bredm?
A．Cunt the likes they get n their psts.
B．Reflect n hw they relate t thers.
C．Engage in real-life interactins.
D．Participate in nline discussins.
20．What is the main idea f the last paragraph?
A．The imprtance f ding smething riginal.
B．Strategies n dealing with bredm.
C．Ways t increase the meaning f life.
D．The distinctin between tw types f bredm.
（2023·天津河北·统考一模）The giant panda is mre than just a cute cnservatin animal and a belved media darling. It is als, accrding t new research, the prtectr f dzens f ther unique Chinese species. The panda itself desn’t actually defend ther wildlife, but it helps t save it all the same by serving as what’s knwn as an “umbrella species”. In ther wrds, effrts t preserve habitats fr the giant panda als prtect many ther mammals, birds and amphibians (两栖动物) that live nly alngside pandas, in the same areas and regins.
Cnservatinists have expressed this umbrella species thery fr years but a paper published recently in Bilgical Cnservatin prves it. The research fund that mst f the frest animals in China live within the panda’s gegraphic range and the nature reserves set aside t prtect them. In brief, mst f this range verlaps (与……重叠) with imprtant cnservatin areas fr ther lcal frest species.
Pandas d prtect a lt althugh a few species fall utside the umbrella. The research fund abut ne hundred kinds f animals are nt prtected by the giant panda’s current reservatin. The paper identified 10 lcatins that might be suitable fr new r imprved nature reserves t help expand that cverage. Many f these areas, lcated in Sichuan Prvince, which is cnsidered the strnghld (大本营) f giant pandas in the wild, are clse t existing reserves.
Prtecting the newly identified lcatins, hwever, wn’t save all f China’s unique wildlife. “Pandas are a gd umbrella species fr frest ecsystems in China but that’s nt enugh,” says c-authr Binbin Li. “In China we have many ecsystems. We need mre umbrella species.” Fr example, she says tigers culd serve the same rle in the nrthern part f the cuntry and snw lepards culd be an umbrella fr grassland species.
“The new findings are imprtant,” Pimm (the ther authr) and Li say, “because many peple dubt whether China’s cmmitment t preserving giant panda habitats is ding much gd.” Other peple arund the wrld dn’t even realize that wild pandas still live in their native frests. “A lt f the resurces in China g t releasing captive (被关住的) pandas back int the wild,” Li says. “The news desn’t cver that.” She says this paper helps display wild pandas and als shws that the expense in preserving them is mney well spent.
The researchers hpe their paper helps t set the tne fr future discussins nt nly abut umbrella species but als giant pandas themselves, alng with all China’s wildlife.
21．Giant pandas are called an umbrella species because ________.
A．they never fight fr prtected species
B．they help take care f ther baby animals
C．their precius value requires better prtectin
D．the prtectin fr them als extends t ther species
22．What can we learn frm the research?
A．The number f nature reserves may be reduced.
B．The cverage f nature reserves may be expanded.
C．The giant panda lives in imprtant lcal cnservatin areas.
D．Many nature reserves in China are lcated in Sichuan Prvince.
23．What shuld peple d t prtect ecsystems accrding t Binbin Li?
A．Create mre kinds f strng species.B．Find mre kinds f umbrella species.
C．Fcus slely n pandas’ cnservatin.D．Search fr much bigger nature reservatins.
24．Pimm and Li think the new findings are helpful in ________.
A．shwing hw well pandas are livingB．blaming the media fr their ignrance
C．prving China’s effrts t prtect pandasD．appealing t rganizatins t dnate mney
25．What’s the main idea f the passage?
A．The umbrella species have a great influence n the ecsystem.
B．Researchers have dne a lt t prtect China’s lcal species.
C．Giant panda cnservatin als prtects ther unique species.
D．Cnservatinists expressed a new umbrella species thery.
（2023·天津·校联考一模）Charity is simple in thery: A heart warms, a hand reaches ut. In practice, thugh, charity can becme a trubled mix f mtives and cnsequences. Giving can be driven by guilt, duty, praise, r perhaps the hpe that giving will smehw make up fr past cruelty r ignrance. T little charity is far less than valuable. T much can cause ver-reliance, which makes the receiver cntinuusly ask fr mre.
Giving frm the heart is gd. But critics have lng wrried abut misdirected charity that des mre harm than gd. In his 2012 bk, Harmful Charity: Hw Churches and Charities Hurt Thse They Help (And Hw t Slve the Prblem), Rbert Luptn, an experienced scial wrker f 40 years f cmmunity wrk in inner-city Atlanta, argues that charity must nt d fr the pr what they can d fr themselves.
Due t emergencies such as natural disasters, the afterward financial aid is greatly welcme. Mr. Luptn advcates it shuld fcus n the develpment f self-supprting. The task can be carried ut via, fr instance, ffering micr-lans, hiring lcal builders and suppliers, and trying t fund self-supprted, lcally wned and perated factries. What seldm wrks, he argues, are untargeted handuts frm far-ff prviders and the sudden arrival f inexperienced vlunteer-turists hping t earn persnal reputatin by digging wells r mending rfs that lcals are perfectly able t take care f themselves.
Getting charity right isn’t easy. But frm mney raising t the rising in vlunteering amng Millennials(千禧一代), frm the increasing wrldwide willingness t give t the effrts by charity rganizatins t becme mre effective and fruitful, there is strng evidence that human beings’ ability f taking care f thers is grwing alng with their ability t help withut harming.
Charity can be as simple as hlding the dr fr a stranger and as cmplex as a glbal campaign t get rid f malaria(疟疾). Charity wrks best when it returns the weak t strength, and helps a small twn shaken by an earthquake get back n its feet. A successful charity is ne that eventually is n lnger needed.
26．What can we knw abut charity in paragraph 1?
A．Charity is simple in bth thery and practice.
B．Sme charity prviders are cruel r ignrant.
C．There is much less charity than needed.
D．Charity may result in dependence.
27．Why have critics wrried abut misdirected charity?
A．It may have a bad impact n receivers.B．It may cause hurt t scial wrkers.
C．It can be driven by guilt and duty.D．It may help less t the pr.
28．What can be a prper way t give charity in time f natural disasters?
A．Hiring lcal wrkers.B．Funding advanced factries.
C．Building huses fr victims.D．Giving untargeted handuts.
29．What can we learn frm paragraph 4?
A．It’s easy t give charity withut harming.
B．Millennials enjy earning persnal reputatin.
C．There appears ability prmtin in giving charity.
D．Charity rganizatins are spreading all ver the wrld.
30．What is the writing purpse f the text?
A．T appeal fr mre charity.
B．T advcate getting charity right.
C．T intrduce the prcess f perfrming charity.
D．T criticize unjust mtives and results fr charity.
（2023·天津南开·统考一模）Yu can make a difference t the life f thers by signing up fr a vlunteer vacatin.
“After 30 prgrams in Pland, I’ve received mre than I’ve given. All benefit frm this partnership — the future leaders f this great natin, and vlunteers wh fall in lve with the beautiful peple and culture.”
– Lri Wedeking, a vlunteer in Pland
Vlunteer Opprtunities Prtugal:
Teach natives cnversatinal skills with varying English abilities in classrms, ffices, and cmmunity centers. Help chse assignments in public elementary and secndary schls, r with yung adults in technical r trade schls.
Peru:
Vlunteers with a medical backgrund can chse t spend their time wrking at medical centers. Others can spend their time practicing cnversatinal English with lcal students and teachers.
Tanzania:
Supprt a cmmunity quest fr develpment thrugh fd and nutritin, health and educatin prjects. Wrk in the greenhuse nurturing seedlings fr seasnal plantings.
Nepal:
Teach cnversatinal English and business management, help repair living and learning spaces, prvide supprt and training fr marginalized wmen, and nurture impverished children.
Cuba:
Build bridges f friendship thrugh cnversatinal English classes. Wrk alngside lcal wmen sewing and knitting baby clthes, aprns, crafts, etc, which are sld t benefit the wmen’s cperative interests.
Glbal Vlunteers’ Histry
Established in 1984 by Bud Philbrk and Michele Gran, Glbal Vlunteers is an internatinal nnprfit rganizatin assisting wrldwide cmmunity develpment prgrams by mbilizing shrt-term vlunteers n lcal wrk prgrams, as well as prviding prject funding and child spnsrships. Since 1984, Glbal Vlunteers has helped partner cmmunities deliver mst f these services t lcal peple wrldwide, and been trusted by mre than 34,000 vlunteers. As Seija Webb, an eight-time glbal vlunteer says, “Vlunteering abrad hlds magic n s many frnts. It’s the springbard fr my glbal explratins. I can’t imagine ne withut the ther anymre.”
31．Which is right abut Lri Wedeking?
A．Lri is the rganizer f 30 prgrams.
B．Lri had a psitive experience in Pland.
C．Lri wants t be the future leader f Pland.
D．Lri received a lt f presents frm vlunteers.
32．What prject is needed in Tanzania?
A．Wrking at medical centers.
B．Teaching business management.
C．Develping fd and nutritin.
D．Sewing and knitting baby clthes.
33．Which cuntry needs the prject f repairing living spaces?
A．Peru.B．Tanzania.C．Nepal.D．Cuba.
34．What d we knw abut Glbal Vlunteers’ Histry?
A．34,000 vlunteer get invlved in its prjects every year.
B．Teaching magic shws is ne f its varius prgrams.
C．It sends shrt-term and lng-term vlunteers t help lcal residents.
D．Seija Webb is a regular vlunteer and enjys vlunteering abrad.
35．Wh is the text mst prbably aimed at?
A．Glbal explrers.B．Keen travelers.
C．Future leaders.D．Ptential vlunteers.
（2023·天津河北·统考二模）Sme libraries use unique architecture t encurage visitrs t settle dwn with a new bk, r use mbile libraries t bring bks t hard-t-reach ppulatins. N matter hw they achieve it, these nvel libraries are keeping the magic f reading alive.
Beach Library (Albena, Bulgaria)
Reading a bk n the beach is a classic, and in Bulgaria, ne library encurages turists t d just that. The white, weather-resistant shelves, lined up nt far frm the surf, hld 6,000 bks in 15 languages s every visitr can find the perfect beach read t enjy while saking up the sun’s rays.
The Camel Library Service (Nrth Eastern Prvince, Kenya)
T cmbat (防止，减轻) lw literacy rates in the desert f Kenya, the gvernment created a mbile library cmpsed f nine camels bringing bks t villages. The library travels fur days a week serving the regin’s peple. Currently the service fcuses n children, but with mre funding they plan t increase their reach bth in distance and the titles they carry.
Bishan Library (Singapre)
Built in 2006, this library is meant t invke (在脑海中唤起) a mdern glass treehuse. Glass pds (吊舱) f varying clrs stick ut f the building randmly t create cmfrtable yet airy crners fr reading thrughut the building. At the same time, a mre pen-plan children’s rm n the basement level invites interactin while preventing nise frm ging up and disturbing thse cncentrating in the high places abve.
Seikei University Library (Tky, Japan)
Libraries are usually knwn fr their quiet atmsphere, but this ne encurages cnversatin. Pritzker Prize-winner Shigeru Ban designed the library with space-age, free standing sundprfed pds t respect thse wh need uninterrupted study, while als being cnducive (有助于) t ther methds f learning.
Macquarie University Library (Sydney, Australia)
A surprising cmbinatin f the cutting edge and sustainability, this building was made frm recycled materials, features a green rf, and was designed t imitate the lk f a eucalyptus tree (桉树). It is als state f the art, using rbt cranes t bring requested bks t the frnt desk.
36．In the Beach Library, visitrs can________.
A．enjy surfing and buy suvenirs
B．find a wide variety f beach reads
C．lie in the treehuse and read cmfrtably
D．read in a free-standing sundprfed pd
37．What can we knw abut the Camel Library Service?
A．It sells bks t peple in the desert.
B．It increases literacy rates in the desert f Kenya.
C．It prvides transprtatin fr peple in the desert.
D．It fcuses n increasing access t bks fr adults.
38．What is special abut Bishan Library?
A．It is a library withut any nise.
B．Its children’s reading area is at the tp.
C．It has a separate reading area fr children.
D．It gives visitrs a feeling f being in nature.
39．Which library is a perfect spt fr study grups and lively discussins?
A．Beach Library.
B．Bishan Library.
C．Seikei University Library.
D．Macquarie University Library.
40．What d Bishan Library and Macquarie University Library have in cmmn?
A．They are bth made f glass.
B．Their designs are bth related t trees.
C．They are bth envirnmentally friendly.
D．They bth use high technlgy t serve readers.
（2023·天津·天津市新华中学校考模拟预测）Sme hearing lss is a cmmn — and nearly unavidable — effect f aging. A third f peple aged 60 and lder have lst sme f their ability t hear.
But sme research suggests a habit that might help ffset the effect f aging n hearing. A study fund that amng middle-aged adults, being a lifelng musician was cnnected with better hearing later in life.
“The instrument yu play des nt seem t be imprtant here,” says Nina Kraus, a bilgist. “It is really the act f engagement playing the instrument that matters.”
Participants in the study were between ages 45 and 65. Researchers tested 18 musicians wh had been playing an instrument since age nine r yunger, and 19 nn-musicians wh had less than three years f music training.
The musicians had statistically better auditry memry scres and tested better at hearing speech in nisy envirnments. They als shwed better auditry prcessing abilities, which relate t hw peple interpret speech sunds.
Hwever, the tw grups tied when researchers tested visual wrking memry skills. “It isn’t as thugh musical training has a vlume knb effect that makes all kinds f sensry prcessing enhanced in the same manner,” Kraus says. “It fcuses n auditry skill.”
The latest findings fllw earlier research frm Kraus that shwed musician in a yunger age grup had better hearing skills. At the same time, sme research has shwn that musicians wh play in large ensembles (合奏) may face an ccupatinal risk when it cmes t their hearing.
Des this effect apply t the guy wh plays in a cmmunity band ne night a week? Kraus says n. T be included in the study, musicians were required t have engaged in musical activities-practicing, teaching r perfrming-at least three times a week.
“What we d with ur time and hw we engage ur senses and ur thinking seems t really shape the peple we becme in very basic ways — in ways that affect hw ur series wrk,” she says.
And, Kraus says, a persn desn’t need t be an Itzhak Perlman r a Y-Y Ma t experience the effects. Talent, she says, isn’t a factr.
Kraus says that mre research needs t be dne t see whether receiving music instructin later in life might have the same benefits.
41．Yur hearing will be imprved by ________.
A．what kind f instrument yu play
B．what srt f music yu play
C．whether yu invlve yurself with playing the instrument
D．hw lng yu have learned music playing
42．A musician is nt better than thers in ________.
A．getting better auditry memry scred
B．hearing speech in nisy envirnments
C．interpreting speech sunds
D．prcessing visual wrk memry
43．The under lined phrase “an ccupatinal risk” may refer t ________.
A．the danger f hearing lss
B．the pssibility f lsing a jb
C．the truble f playing music
D．the harm f hearing skills
44．It can be inferred Perlman and Y-Y Ma are the names f ________.
A．instrumentsB．musiciansC．sngsD．music
45．The main idea f the text is abut ________.
A．enjying music will d gd t yur health
B．learning music may prmte yur hearing skills
C．playing an instrument may help preserve hearing
D．listening t music can prevent yu frm aging
（2023·天津·校联考二模）As peple travelling by air becme increasingly aware f their carbn ftprint, flying has becme nt nly ne f the mst plluting industries, but als ne with the mst ptential t turn things arund.
After Slar Impulse 2 cmpleted the wrld’s first flight by a slar-pwered aircraft in 2016, airlines and aircraft prducers lked t becme the first t prvide a cmmercial plane. Bertrand Piccard, ne f the pilts respnsible fr Slar Impulse 2’s jurney said, “Al1 the clean technlgies we’ve already had can be used everywhere. We have t use them, nt nly fr the envirnment, but als because they are prfitable and able t create jbs.”
The fllwing year saw many prjects in the aviatin (航空) field as the airline industry acknwledged the future f lw- carbn transprtatin methds. In 2017, Zunum Aer, a small aviatin cmpany which fcused n delivering a range f hybrid-electric (混合电动的) planes received financial aid frm JetBlue and Being, whilst EasyJet teamed up with Wright Electric t develp battery-pwered aircraft and NASA als annunced its plans t develp its wn electric aircraft.
Orkney Islands, lying abut 20 miles nrth f the Scttish mainland, are rich in renewable resurces, especially the wind energy. Lganair, a Scttish airline, is cperating with aviatin cmpanies t make Orkney the wrld’s first fully electric airline rutes. Hwever, this is never easy. Due t the limited size and weight f a battery that an airplane can carry, airplane prducers are faced with a bttleneck—the cntinued pwer supply fr electric airplanes. They believe the abundant wind energy in Orkney culd be the key t slving it.
The benefits f electric air travel transcend its lw-carbn emissins. Aviatin experts believe these aircraft’s pwer surce will als mean they will be less nisy, smaller, require less maintenance csts, and need a shrter runway t take ff and land—this culd lead t mre airprts in small cities and mre rural areas being cnnected t the wrld at large.
46．What did Bertrand want t cnvey in his wrds?
A．The future f aircraft pilts.
B．The success f Slar Impulse 2.
C．The cnvenience f cmmercial planes.
D．The significance f using renewable energy.
47．Hw did EasyJet carry ut the lw-carbn transprtatin methds?
A．By asking fr financial supprt frm banks.
B．By wrking tgether with anther cmpany.
C．By purchasing patents frm ther cuntries.
D．By imprving the technlgy n its wn.
48．What will airplane prducers prbably d t make Orkney’s electric airline rutes a reality?
A．Use natural resurces t charge airplanes.
B．Build mre cal-fired pwer statins.
C．Develp shrter airline rutes.
D．Increase the size f battery.
49．What des the underlined wrd “transcend” in Paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A．G beynd.B．Rely n.C．Differ frm.D．Refer t.
50．What’s the benefit f electric planes besides its green ftprint?
A．Making plane tickets cheaper.
B．Making the flying time shrter.
C．Making the wrld mre cnnected.
D．Making the plane maintenance easier.
参考答案：
1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料在日常生活中有很多的优点，但是在回收再利用时会产生污染，最近研究发现一种蠕虫能帮助解决聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料回收再利用时造成的环境污染问题。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“With the abve gd features, Styrfam still enjys a bad reputatin. It cannt be recycled withut releasing dangerus pllutin int the air.(尽管有上述优点，聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料仍然享有坏名声。如果不向空气中释放危险的污染，就无法回收。)”可知，如果不向空气中释放危险的污染，就无法回收，由此可知，这种塑料在回收时向空气中释放有害的物质。故选C项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Scientists frm the U. S. and China have discvered that mealwrms can digest plastic. One mealwrm can digest a pill-sized amunt f plastic a day.(来自美国和中国的科学家发现，粉虫可以消化塑料。一只粉虫一天可以消化药丸大小的塑料。)”可知，中美研究者发现，粉虫能消化塑料，而且一只粉虫能一天消化药丸大小的塑料，由此可推断，粉虫有着惊人的消化能力。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The researchers will study the wrm’s eating habits and digesting system, lking t cpy the plastic breakdwn but n a larger scale.(研究人员将研究这种蠕虫的饮食习惯和消化系统，希望在更大的范围内复制塑料分解。)”可知，研究者研究蠕虫的饮食习惯和消化系统，指望着能更大范围地复制这种分解，由此可知，研究者研究蠕虫的饮食习惯和消化系统是为了模仿蠕虫分解塑料的方式。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据首段中的“With the abve gd features, Styrfam still enjys a bad reputatin. It cannt be recycled withut releasing dangerus pllutin int the air.(尽管有上述优点，聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料仍然享有坏名声。如果不向空气中释放危险的污染，就无法回收。)”可知，聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料有很多的优点，但是却在回收利用它时享有一个坏的名声，并结合倒数第三段中的“Once the way can be put int practice, it will make a revlutinary difference t the dispsal f plastic.(一旦这种方法被付诸实践，它将对塑料的处理产生革命性的影响。)”可知，一旦这种（蠕虫）分解塑料的方式被投入使用，会对塑料处理产生很大的影响，由此可推断，在未来，塑料可以在没有释放有害物质的情况下被回收利用了。故选D项。
5．主旨大意题。根据首段“With the abve gd features, Styrfam still enjys a bad reputatin. It cannt be recycled withut releasing dangerus pllutin int the air. The U. S. Envirnmental Prtectin Agency says it is the fifth-largest creatr f harmful waste.(尽管有上述优点，聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料仍然享有坏名声。如果不向空气中释放危险的污染，就无法回收。美国环境保护署表示，它是有害废物的第五大制造者。)”可知，聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料尽管有很多的优点，但是在对其回收再利用时会产生污染，根据第二段中的“But nw the cmmn wrms which are usually disgusting can cme t the rescue, specifically, mealwrms.(但现在，那些通常令人作呕的普通蠕虫可以来拯救我们了，特别是粉虫。)”可知，研究者发现一种粉虫却能解决这一问题，结合下文中经过对粉虫的饮食习惯和消化系统的研究分析，希望能大范围地复制这种粉虫分解塑料的方式以便最终解决塑料回收时对环境造成的污染，由此可知，本文主要讲述的是塑料的回收利用不再是问题。故选C项。
6．B 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了导致电子垃圾的激增的原因和回收电子垃圾的方式，作者呼吁：每个人都应该为电子垃圾的处理贡献一份力。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段“Meanwhile, the lifespan f devices is getting shrter-many prducts will be thrwn away nce their batteries die, t be replaced by new devices. Cmpanies intentinally plan the bslescence (过时) f their gds by updating the design r sftware and discntinuing supprt fr lder mdels, s that nw it is usually cheaper and easier t buy a new prduct than t repair an ld ne.(与此同时，设备的寿命也越来越短——许多产品一旦电池耗尽就会被扔掉，被新的设备取代。公司通过更新设计或软件，停止对旧机型的支持，有意识地规划商品的淘汰，这样现在购买新产品通常比修理旧产品更便宜、更容易)”可知，电子垃圾激增是由设备更新导致的。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据第三段“As mre peple buy electrnic equipment，manufacturers are beginning t face shrtages f the raw materials needed t make their prducts, s recycling and reusing materials frm discarded prducts and waste makes ecnmic and envirnmental sense.(随着越来越多的人购买电子设备，制造商开始面临生产产品所需的原材料短缺，因此从废弃产品和废物中回收和再利用材料具有经济和环境意义)”可知，为减轻生产原材料短缺的压力，回收和再利用变得有意义。故选C。
8．词义猜测题。根据文章第四段“Cmpanies must bey health and safety rules t reduce the health and envirnmental hazards f handling e-waste by using pllutin-cntrl technlgies.(公司必须遵守健康和安全规则，通过使用污染控制技术来减少处理电子垃圾对健康和环境的hazards)”可知，公司通过污染控制技术以减少电子垃圾带来的危害，即划线词意为“危害”，与harm同义。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Usually they d nt wear prtective equipment and lack any awareness that they are handling dangerus materials.(通常他们不穿防护装备，也不知道自己在处理危险材料)”可知，非正式回收的人员一般不知道处理电子垃圾的危害。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In rder t reduce e-waste, manufacturers need t design electrnics that are safer, and mre durable, repairable and recyclable. The best thing yu can d is resist buying a new device until yu really need it.(为了减少电子垃圾，制造商需要设计出更安全、更耐用、更可修复、更可回收的电子产品。你能做的最好的事情就是在你真的需要的时候再买一个新设备)”可推断，作者在最后一段说明了不管是制造商还是使用者都需要对电子垃圾的处理作出行动。故选A。
11．C 12．D 13．B 14．D 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是一项研究发现，做善事可以给自己和他人带来意想不到的积极的影响。
11．细节理解题。根据第四段“Missing the imprtance f warmth may stand in the way f being kinder in daily life. Peple knw that cupcakes given in kindness can make them feel surprisingly gd. If peple undervalue this effect, they might nt bther t carry ut these warm, prscial behavirs (亲社会行为).(忽视温暖的重要性可能会阻碍你在日常生活中变得更友善。人们知道，善意的纸杯蛋糕会让他们感觉非常好。如果人们低估了这种影响，他们可能就不会费心去做这些温暖的、亲社会的行为)”可知，正是因为人们对善意带给他人的积极影响的低估，进而导致人们不会去做这些温暖的、亲社会的行为。故选C。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Althugh the peple giving ut the ht chclate saw the act as relatively insignificant, it really mattered t the recipients.(尽管分发热巧克力的人认为这一行为相对微不足道，但对接受者来说确实很重要)”可知，分发热巧克力的人认为这一行为相对微不足道。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But when peple received cupcakes thrugh a randm act f kindness, the cupcake givers underestimated hw psitive their recipients wuld feel. Recipients f these unexpected actins tend t fcus mre n warmth than perfrmers d.(但是，当人们通过随机的善意行为收到纸杯蛋糕时，纸杯蛋糕赠送者低估了接受者的积极感受。这些意外行为的接受者往往比 执行者更关注温暖)”可知，接受者更加关注这种意外行为带给他们的温暖。故选B。
14．主旨大意题。根据第五段首句“And kindness can be cntagius(善良是会传染的)”及下文“In anther experiment, we had peple play an ecnmic game that allwed us t examine what are smetimes called “pay it frward” effects. In this game, participants allcated mney between themselves and a persn whm they wuld never meet. Peple wh had just been n the receiving end f a kind act gave substantially mre t an annymus (无名的) persn than thse wh had nt. The persn wh perfrmed the initial act did nt recgnize that their genersity wuld spill ver in these dwnstream interactins.(在另一个实验中，我们让人们玩一个经济游戏，让我们检查有时被称为“传递”的效应。在这个游戏中，参与者在他们自己和一个他们永远不会见的人之间分配钱。那些刚刚接受了善举的人给匿名者的钱比没有接受善举的人多得多。做出最初行为的人没有意识到他们的慷慨会在这些下游的互动中溢出)”可知，第一句为本段的主题句，因而本段主要讲述善良可以激励人们相互效仿。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段“In studies published nline in the Jurnal f Experimental Psychlgy, a behaviral scientist and I examined a pssible explanatin: peple wh perfrm randm acts f kindness underestimate hw much recipients value their behavir.(在《实验心理学杂志》在线发表的研究中，一位行为科学家和我研究了一种可能的解释：那些随机做出善举的人低估了接受者对他们行为的重视程度)”及下文内容可知，本文主要讲述一项研究成果：随意的善举会带来意想不到的积极的影响。由此可知，Kindness can have unexpected psitive effect适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。
16．D 17．A 18．C 19．C 20．B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们为什么会感觉到无聊，以及如何处理无聊。
16．细节理解题。根据文章第一段““If yu were bred, it wasn’t because there was nthing t d. It was because yu hadn’t put enugh effrt int.” That was my Mum’s philsphy.(‘如果你觉得无聊的话，那并不是因为你没有事情做，而且因为你没有投入足够多的精力’，这就是我妈妈的哲学。)”可知，在妈妈看来，感觉到无聊是因为做事情没有投入足够多的精力，故选D。
17．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Sme new studies shw hw bredm is gd fr creativity and innvatin, as well as mental health. It is fund that peple were mre creative fllwing the cmpletin f a bring and dull task.(一些新的研究表明，无聊对创造力和创新有好处，同时也对身体健康有好处。据发现，人们在完成了一个无聊枯燥的任务后，会变得更加有创造力。)”可知，研究发现，无聊能刺激创新思维的发展，故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Our always-n wrld f scial media may result in mre cnnectins, but they are superficial (表面的) and can get in the way f building a real sense f belnging. Feeling bred may signal the desire fr a greater sense f cmmunity and the feeling that yu fit in with thers arund yu.(我们的社交媒体世界可能会带来更多的联系，但那都是表面的，并且会妨碍建立真正的归属感。)”可知，社交媒体只是表面上的看似带来了更多的联系，但却阻碍了人们获得真正的归属感，故选C。
19．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“S take the step f jining an rganizatin t build face-t-face relatinships. Yu’ll find depth that yu wn’t get frm yur screen n matter hw many likes yu get n yur pst.(因此，加入一个社区组织，建立面对面的关系。这样你就能找到你在屏幕上无法获得的深度，即使你在帖子上会获得很多赞。)”可知，作者建议人们积极参加真实的面对面的交流，故选C。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段的最后一句总结“These are the things that will genuinely ease bredm and make yu mre effective in the prcess.(这些都是能帮助你真正减轻无聊，并让你在这个过程中更有效率的方法。)”可知，文章最后一段主要介绍的是如何处理无聊的方法，故选B。
21．D 22．B 23．B 24．C 25．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过大熊猫讲述了伞形物种理论，即保护大熊猫栖息地的努力也保护了许多与大熊猫生活在同一地区的其他哺乳动物、鸟类和两栖动物。
21．细节理解题。由第一段中的“In ther wrds, effrts t preserve habitats fr the giant panda als prtect many ther mammals, birds and amphibians (两栖动物) that live nly alngside pandas, in the same areas and regins.(换言之，保护大熊猫栖息地的努力也保护了许多其他哺乳动物、鸟类和两栖动物，这些动物只与大熊猫生活在同一地区)”可知，大熊猫被称为保护伞物种，是因为对它们的保护也延伸到了对其他物种的保护。故选D项。
22．细节理解题。由第三段中的“The paper identified 10 lcatins that might be suitable fr new r imprved nature reserves t help expand that cverage. (该论文确定了10个可能适合新建或改善自然保护区的地点，以帮助扩大覆盖范围)”可知，自然保护区的覆盖范围可能会扩大。故选B项。
23．细节理解题。由第四段中的““In China we have many ecsystems. We need mre umbrella species.” Fr example, she says tigers culd serve the same rle in the nrthern part f the cuntry and snw lepards culd be an umbrella fr grassland species.(“在中国，我们有很多生态系统。我们需要更多的保护伞。”例如，她说老虎可以在中国北部发挥同样的作用，雪豹可以成为草原物种的一个保护伞)”可知，Binbin Li认为，人们应该寻找更多种类的伞形物种来保护生态系统。故选B项。
24．推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的““The new findings are imprtant,” Pimm (the ther authr) and Li say, “because many peple dubt whether China’s cmmitment t preserving giant panda habitats is ding much gd.”(Pimm（另一位作者）和Li说：“新发现很重要，因为许多人怀疑中国保护大熊猫栖息地的承诺是否做得好。”)”和“She says this paper helps display wild pandas and als shws that the expense in preserving them is mney well spent. (她说，这篇论文有助于展示野生大熊猫，也表明保护它们的费用花得很好)”可知，Pimm和Li认为新发现对证明中国为保护大熊猫所做的努力有帮助。故选C项。
25．主旨大意题。由第一段中的“It is als, accrding t new research, the prtectr f dzens f ther unique Chinese species. (根据新的研究，大熊猫也是数十种其他独特的中国物种的保护者)”和最后一段“The researchers hpe their paper helps t set the tne fr future discussins nt nly abut umbrella species but als giant pandas themselves, alng with all China’s wildlife. (研究人员希望他们的论文有助于为未来的讨论定下基调，不仅是关于保护伞物种，还有大熊猫本身，以及所有中国野生动物)”可知，文章通过大熊猫讲述了伞形物种理论，即保护大熊猫栖息地的努力也保护了许多与大熊猫生活在同一地区的其他哺乳动物、鸟类和两栖动物，C项“保护大熊猫还能保护其他独特物种”符合文意。故选C项。
26．D 27．A 28．A 29．C 30．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章提倡并介绍怎样实施正确的慈善事业。
26．推理判断题。根据第一段中“T little charity is far less than valuable. T much can cause ver-reliance, which makes the receiver cntinuusly ask fr mre. (太少的慈善是没有价值的。太多会导致过度依赖，这会让接收者不断地要求更多。)”可知，慈善可能导致依赖。故选D项。
27．推理判断题。根据第二段中“But critics have lng wrried abut misdirected charity that des mre harm than gd. In his 2012 bk, Harmful Charity: Hw Churches and Charities Hurt Thse They Help (And Hw t Slve the Prblem), Rbert Luptn, an experienced scial wrker f 40 years f cmmunity wrk in inner-city Atlanta, argues that charity must nt d fr the pr what they can d fr themselves. (但批评人士一直担心慈善活动的误导会弊大于利。在他2012年出版的《有害的慈善：教会和慈善机构如何伤害他们所帮助的人(以及如何解决问题)》一书中，在亚特兰大内城工作了40年的经验丰富的社会工作者Rbert Luptn认为，慈善机构不能为穷人做他们自己可以做的事情。)”可知，批评家们担心慈善被误导是因为可能会对接受者产生不好的影响。故选A项。
28．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Mr. Luptn advcates it shuld fcus n the develpment f self-supprting. The task can be carried ut via, fr instance, ffering micr-lans, hiring lcal builders and suppliers, and trying t fund self-supprted, lcally wned and perated factries. (Luptn主张，应该把重点放在发展自立能力上。这项任务可以通过提供小额贷款、雇佣当地建筑商和供应商，以及努力建立自给自足、由当地拥有和经营的工厂等方式来完成。)”可知，在发生自然灾害时，雇佣当地工人才是正确的。故选A项。
29．推理判断题。根据第四段中“But frm mney raising t the rising in vlunteering amng Millennials(千禧一代), frm the increasing wrldwide willingness t give t the effrts by charity rganizatins t becme mre effective and fruitful, there is strng evidence that human beings’ ability f taking care f thers is grwing alng with their ability t help withut harming. (但是，从资金筹集到千禧一代中志愿服务的增加，从世界范围内越来越多的捐赠意愿，到慈善组织努力变得更有效和富有成效，有强有力的证据表明，人类照顾他人的能力随着他们在不伤害他人的情况下提供帮助的能力而不断增强。)”可知，在慈善中，人们出现能力提升。故选C项。
30．推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Charity is simple in thery: A heart warms, a hand reaches ut. In practice, thugh, charity can becme a trubled mix f mtives and cnsequences. (慈善理论上很简单：一颗心温暖，一只手伸出。然而，在实践中，慈善可能成为动机和后果的复杂混合体。)”可知，本文写作目的是提倡正确的慈善事业。故选B项。
31．B 32．C 33．C 34．D 35．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了几个国家需要的志愿者项目并介绍了全球志愿者组织的历史。
31．细节理解题。根据第二段中Lri Wedeking说的话“After 30 prgrams in Pland, I’ve received mre than I’ve given. All benefit frm this partnership — the future leaders f this great natin, and vlunteers wh fall in lve with the beautiful peple and culture.(在波兰参加了30个项目后，我得到的比我给予的要多。所有人都从这种伙伴关系中受益——这个伟大国家的未来领导人，以及爱上美丽人民和文化的志愿者)”可知，Lri Wedeking在波兰有一段愉快的经历。故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据Tanzania部分中“Supprt a cmmunity quest fr develpment thrugh fd and nutritin, health and educatin prjects.(通过粮食和营养、健康和教育项目支持社区寻求发展)”可知，坦桑尼亚需要发展粮食和营养的项目。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据Nepal部分中“Teach cnversatinal English and business management, help repair living and learning spaces, prvide supprt and training fr marginalized wmen, and nurture impverished children.(教授英语会话和商业管理，帮助修复生活和学习空间，为边缘妇女提供支持和培训，并教育贫困儿童)”可知，尼泊尔需要修复生活空间的项目。故选C。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As Seija Webb, an eight-time glbal vlunteer says, ‘Vlunteering abrad hlds magic n s many frnts. It’s the springbard fr my glbal explratins. I can’t imagine ne withut the ther anymre.’(正如曾八次担任全球志愿者的Seija Webb所说，‘在国外做志愿者在很多方面都有魔力。这是我全球探索的跳板。我再也无法想象一个没有另一个了。’)”可知，Seija Webb经常做志愿者，而且她喜欢在国外做志愿者。故选D。
35．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Yu can make a difference t the life f thers by signing up fr a vlunteer vacatin.(你可以通过报名参加志愿者假期来改变他人的生活)”可知，文章介绍了几个国家需要的志愿者项目，所以最有可能是写给想当志愿者的人。故选D。
36．B 37．B 38．C 39．C 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。去当地图书馆看书是庆祝“读书月”的最好方式。文章介绍了世界上几家有着独特建筑设计的创意图书馆。
36．细节理解题。根据Beach Library (Albena, Bulgaria) 中“Reading a bk n the beach is a classic, and in Bulgaria, ne library encurages turists t d just that. The white, weather-resistant shelves, lined up nt far frm the surf, hld 6,000 bks in 15 languages s every visitr can find the perfect beach read t enjy while saking up the sun’s rays.(在海滩上读书是一项经典活动，在保加利亚，一家图书馆鼓励游客这样做。这些白色的耐候书架排列在离海浪不远的地方，里面有15种语言的6000本书，所以每位游客都可以在享受阳光的同时找到完美的海滩读物)”可知，在海滩图书馆，游客可以找到各种各样的海滩读物。故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据The Camel Library Service (Nrth Eastern Prvince, Kenya) 中“T cmbat (防止，减轻) lw literacy rates in the desert f Kenya, the gvernment created a mbile library cmpsed f nine camels bringing bks t villages. The library travels fur days a week serving the regin’s peple. Currently the service fcuses n children, but with mre funding they plan t increase their reach bth in distance and the titles they carry.(为了解决肯尼亚沙漠地区的低识字率问题，政府创建了一个由九头骆驼组成的移动图书馆，将书籍带到村庄。该图书馆每周外出四天，为该地区的人们服务。目前，这项服务主要面向儿童，但随着资金的增加，他们计划扩大服务的覆盖范围，增加服务的内容)”可知，关于the Camel Library Service我们了解到“它提高了肯尼亚沙漠地区的识字率。”故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据Bishan Library (Singapre)中“At the same time, a mre pen-plan children’s rm n the basement level invites interactin while preventing nise frm ging up and disturbing thse cncentrating in the high places abve. (与此同时，地下室的一个更开放的儿童房邀请互动，同时防止噪音上升，干扰那些集中在高处的人)”可知，Bishan Library特殊之处是“它有一个单独的儿童阅读区。”故选C。
39．推理判断题。根据Seikei University Library (Tky, Japan)中“Libraries are usually knwn fr their quiet atmsphere, but this ne encurages cnversatin. Pritzker Prize-winner Shigeru Ban designed the library with space-age, free standing sundprfed pds t respect thse wh need uninterrupted study, while als being cnducive (有助于) t ther methds f learning. (图书馆通常以其安静的氛围而闻名，但这家图书馆鼓励交谈。普利兹克奖得主坂茂设计了太空时代的独立隔音舱，以尊重那些需要不间断学习的人，同时也有利于其他学习方法)”可知，“Seikei University Library”图书馆是学习小组和热烈讨论的理想场所。故选C。
40．细节理解题。根据Bishan Library (Singapre)中“Built in 2006, this library is meant t invke (在脑海中唤起) a mdern glass treehuse.(这座图书馆建于2006年，旨在唤起现代玻璃树屋的灵感)”和Macquarie University Library (Sydney, Australia)中“A surprising cmbinatin f the cutting edge and sustainability, this building was made frm recycled materials, features a green rf, and was designed t imitate the lk f a eucalyptus tree (桉树). (这座建筑是前沿和可持续性的惊人结合，由回收材料制成，具有绿色屋顶，并模仿桉树的外观)”可知，Bishan Library和Macquarie University Library的共同点是“他们的设计都与树木有关”。故选B。
41．C 42．D 43．A 44．B 45．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍研究发现随着年龄的增长，经常播放音乐有助于保护你的听力。从小就听音乐的人在以后的生活中听力会更好。但每周至少练习或表演三次才能受益。
41．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But sme research suggests a habit that might help ffset the effect f aging n hearing. A study fund that amng middle-aged adults, being a lifelng musician was cnnected with better hearing later in life.”（但一些研究表明，一种习惯可能有助于抵消衰老对听力的影响。一项研究发现，在中年人中，终身音乐家与晚年听力更好有关）可推知，你是否参加乐器演奏和你的听力提高有关。故选C项。
42．推理判断题。根据第六段“Hwever, the tw grups tied when researchers tested visual wrking memry skills. “It isn’t as thugh musical training has a vlume knb effect that makes all kinds f sensry prcessing enhanced in the same manner,” Kraus says. “It fcuses n auditry skill.” ”（然而，当研究人员测试视觉工作记忆技能时，这两组人打成了平手。克劳斯说：“这并不是说音乐训练有音量旋钮效应，可以以同样的方式增强各种感觉处理。”“它专注于听觉技能。”）可知，音乐家在视觉工作记忆的加工方面并不比其他人好。故选D项。
43．词句猜测题。根据第七段划线句子“The latest findings fllw earlier research frm Kraus that shwed musician in a yunger age grup had better hearing skills. At the same time, sme research has shwn that musicians wh play in large ensembles (合奏) may face an ccupatinal risk when it cmes t their hearing.”（这一最新发现是在克劳斯早期的研究之后得出的，该研究表明，年轻群体的音乐家有更好的听力技能。与此同时，一些研究表明，在大型合奏团中演奏的音乐家在听力方面可能面临an ccupatinal risk。）可知，年轻的音乐家的听力技能更好好，推测出在大型音乐合奏团的音乐家因为长期使用听力，可能会产生听力损失的风险，an ccupatinal risk和A项“听力损失的危险”同义。故选A项。
44．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“And, Kraus says, a persn desn’t need t be an Itzhak Perlman r a Y-Y Ma t experience the effects. Talent, she says, isn’t a factr.”（克劳斯说，一个人不需要是伊扎克·帕尔曼或马友友就能体验到这种效果。她说，天赋不是一个因素。）可知，本句提到了对音乐的天赋，推断出这里的Itzhak Perlman 或 Y-Y Ma是音乐家。故选B项。
45．主旨大意题。根据第二段“But sme research suggests a habit that might help ffset the effect f aging n hearing. A study fund that amng middle-aged adults, being a lifelng musician was cnnected with better hearing later in life. ”（但一些研究表明，一种习惯可能有助于抵消衰老对听力的影响。一项研究发现，在中年人中，成为一名终身音乐家与以后更好的听力有关。”和第三段““The instrument yu play des nt seem t be imprtant here,” says Nina Kraus, a bilgist. “It is really the act f engagement playing the instrument that matters.””（生物学家妮娜·克劳斯说：“你演奏的乐器在这里似乎并不重要。”“真正重要的是参与演奏乐器。”）可知，本文主要讲述了演奏乐器有助于保持听力。故选C项。
46．D 47．B 48．A 49．A 50．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了清洁能源在航空行业的运用所带来的好处。
46．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Bertrand Piccard, ne f the pilts respnsible fr Slar Impulse 2’s jurney said, “Al1 the clean technlgies we’ve already had can be used everywhere. We have t use them, nt nly fr the envirnment, but als because they are prfitable and able t create jbs.” (负责“阳光动力2号”飞行的飞行员之一伯特兰·皮卡德说：“我们已经拥有的所有清洁技术都可以在任何地方使用。我们必须利用它们，不仅是为了环境，还因为它们有利可图，能够创造就业机会。”)”可知，Bertrand表示使用清洁技术不仅对环境有好处，还能创造岗位，这是使用清洁能源的意义。故选D项。
47．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“EasyJet teamed up with Wright Electric t develp battery-pwered aircraft (易捷航空与莱特电气合作开发电池驱动飞机)”可知，EasyJet与Wright电气公司合作开发电池驱动飞机。故选B项。
48．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Lganair, a Scttish airline, is cperating with aviatin cmpanies t make Orkney the wrld’s first fully electric airline rutes. Hwever, this is never easy. Due t the limited size and weight f a battery that an airplane can carry, airplane prducers are faced with a bttleneck—the cntinued pwer supply fr electric airplanes. They believe the abundant wind energy in Orkney culd be the key t slving it. (苏格兰航空公司洛根航空正与航空公司合作，使奥克尼成为世界上第一条全电动航线。然而，这并不容易。由于飞机可携带的电池的尺寸和重量有限，飞机制造商面临着一个瓶颈——电动飞机的持续电力供应。他们认为奥克尼岛丰富的风能可能是解决这个问题的关键。)”可知，奥克尼岛丰富的风能可能是解决电动飞机持续电力供应问题的关键，说明他们将利用自然资源来给飞机供电。故选A项。
49．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“The benefits f electric air travel transcend its lw-carbn emissins. Aviatin experts believe these aircraft’s pwer surce will als mean they will be less nisy, smaller, require less maintenance csts, and need a shrter runway t take ff and land (电动航空旅行的好处超越了它的低碳排放。航空专家认为，这些飞机的动力来源也意味着它们的噪音更小，体积更小，维护成本更低，并且需要更短的跑道起降)”可知，电动航空飞行的好处transcend它的低碳排放，它还有噪音更小、体积更小、维护成本更低、需要的跑道更短等优点，由此可知，此处应指它的好处不仅仅是低碳。A. G beynd超出、胜过；B. Rely n依赖；C. Differ frm与……不同；D. Refer t谈到、提及。transcend为动词，表示“超出、超越”，此处与g beynd为同义词。故选A项。
50．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Aviatin experts believe these aircraft’s pwer surce will als mean they will be less nisy, smaller, require less maintenance csts, and need a shrter runway t take ff and land—this culd lead t mre airprts in small cities and mre rural areas being cnnected t the wrld at large. (航空专家认为，这些飞机的动力来源也意味着它们噪音更小、体积更小、维护成本更低，而且需要更短的跑道起降——这可能会导致小城市和更多农村地区的机场与世界接轨。)”可知，电动飞机还有噪音更小、体积更小、维护成本更低、需要的跑道更短等特点，而这可能会导致小城市和更多的农村地区的气场与世界接轨。由此可推知，这会导致世界联系更紧密。故选C项
（2023·天津南开·南开中学校考模拟预测）Styrfam, r plystyrene, is a light-weight material, abut 95 percent air, with very gd insulatin (隔热) prperties, accrding t Earthsurce.rg. It is used in prducts frm cups that keep yur drinks ht r cld t packaging material that prtects items during shipping. With the abve gd features, Styrfam still enjys a bad reputatin. It cannt be recycled withut releasing dangerus pllutin int the air. The U. S. Envirnmental Prtectin Agency says it is the fifth-largest creatr f harmful waste.
But nw the cmmn wrms which are usually disgusting can cme t the rescue, specifically, mealwrms. Scientists frm the U. S. and China have discvered that mealwrms can digest plastic. One mealwrm can digest a pill-sized amunt f plastic a day. Study c-authr Wei-Min Wu says that in 24 hurs, the plastic is turned int carbn dixide.
Since Styrfam has n nutritin at all, are the wrms hurt by eating plastic? Much t the scientists’ surprise, the study fund that wrms eating Styrfam were as healthy as wrms eating bran (谷糠). The researchers will study the wrm’s eating habits and digesting system, lking t cpy the plastic breakdwn but n a larger scale. Once the way can be put int practice, it will make a revlutinary difference t the dispsal f plastic.
“Slving the issue f plastic pllutin is imprtant”, says Wu, a Stanfrd University envirnmental engineering instructr. After all, ur earth is small and landfill space is becming limited with t much garbage waiting t be dealt with, he says.
Abut 33-millin tns f plastic are thrwn away in the United States every year. Plastic plates, cups and cntainers take up 25 percent t 30 percent f space in America’s landfills. One Styrfam cup takes mre than 1 millin years t recycle in a landfill, accrding t Cleveland State University.
1．What d we knw abut Styrfam?
A．It can be used t cl drinks.
B．It is a weightless material.
C．It is harmful when recycled.
D．It is usually used n ships.
2．What can we infer frm the secnd paragraph?
A．Mealwrms have amazing digesting pwer.
B．Mealwrms are nt bad in their nature.
C．Mealwrms can rescue peple’s lives.
D．Peple misunderstd mealwrms in the past.
3．Why will researchers study the wrm’s eating habits and digesting system?
A．T find ways t help mealwrms grw larger.
B．T imitate their ways f breaking dwn plastic.
C．T help develp their digesting ability.
D．T make sure f their safety after eating plastic.
4．In the future, plastic may be recycled ______.
A．by raising amunts f mealwrms
B．by envirnmental engineering instructrs
C．using a methd inspired by eating mealwrms
D．withut sending ut dangerus pllutin
5．What’s the main idea f this passage?
A．Styrfam is widely used in daily life.
B．Mealwrms are genius at eating plastic.
C．Plastic recycling may be n mre a prblem.
D．Plastic can be turned int carbn dixide.
（2023·天津·耀华中学校考二模）In 2016, the wrld’s ppulatin cast aside 49 millin tns f electrnic waste, knwn as e-waste. It has been calculated that this number will grw t mre than 60 millin tns by 2021.
What is causing the upsurge (激增) in e-waste? Technlgy is becming mre and mre widespread, cvering almst every aspect f ur lives. Meanwhile, the lifespan f devices is getting shrter—many prducts will be thrwn away nce their batteries die, t be replaced by new devices. Cmpanies intentinally plan the bslescence (过时) f their gds by updating the design r sftware and discntinuing supprt fr lder mdels, s that nw it is usually cheaper and easier t buy a new prduct than t repair an ld ne. Since prices are falling, electrnic devices are in demand arund the wrld.
As mre peple buy electrnic equipment, manufacturers (制造商) are beginning t face shrtages f the raw materials needed t make their prducts, s recycling and reusing materials frm discarded (扔掉的) prducts and waste makes ecnmic and envirnmental sense.
Recycling e-waste is practiced bth frmally and infrmally. Prper r frmal e-waste recycling usually invlves taking apart the electrnics, separating and srting thrugh the materials and cleaning them. Cmpanies must bey health and safety rules t reduce the health and envirnmental hazards f handling e-waste by using pllutin-cntrl technlgies. All this makes frmal recycling expensive. Infrmal recycling is typically unlicensed and uncntrlled. At infrmal recycling wrkshps, men and wmen recver valuable materials by burning devices t melt away nn-valuable materials. Usually they d nt wear prtective equipment and lack any awareness that they are handling dangerus materials.
With the amunt f e-waste grwing arund the wrld, recycling alne will nt be enugh t slve the prblem. In rder t reduce e-waste, manufacturers need t design electrnics that are safer, and mre durable, repairable and recyclable. The best thing yu can d is resist buying a new device until yu really need it. Try t get yur ld prduct repaired if pssible and, if it can’t be fixed, resell r recycle it respnsibly. Befre yu recycle yur device, put any brken parts in separate cntainers and clse these tightly t prevent chemicals frm leaking. Wear latex glves and a mask if yu’re handling smething that’s brken.
6．Which f the fllwing is a reasn fr e-waste’s sharp increasing?
A．The falling f devices’ quality.B．The results f updating devices.
C．The methds f recycling e-waste.D．The shrtage f prtective equipment.
7．What makes recycling e-waste meaningful accrding t the text?
A．Increasing the variety f electrnic prducts.B．Lwering the csts f technlgy innvatin.
C．Relieving the lack f the raw materials.D．Imprving the pr quality f e-devices.
8．What is the meaning f the underlined wrd “hazards” in paragraph 4?
A．Influence.B．Harm.C．Limits.D．Csts.
9．What can we knw abut infrmal recycling wrkshps frm paragraph 4?
A．They are blamed fr shrtening the lifespan f devices.
B．Their ways f reusing waste are smetimes encuraged.
C．They aim t discver rare materials frm waste fr new prducts.
D．Their wrkers are unaware f the danger frm dealing with devices.
10．What des the authr want t cnvey in the last paragraph?
A．Everyne shuld take actin t reduce e-waste.
B．Cmpanies shuld be mainly respnsible fr reducing e-waste.
C．Fixing a device culd cause mre pllutin than buying a new ne.
D．E-waste culd be brken dwn by burying it undergrund fr a lng time.
（2023·天津和平·统考二模）Scientists wh study happiness knw that being kind t thers can imprve well-being. Acts as simple as buying a cup f cffee fr smene can bst a persn’s md, fr example. Everyday life affrds many pprtunities fr such actins, yet peple d nt always take advantage f them.
In studies published nline in the Jurnal f Experimental Psychlgy, a behaviral scientist and I examined a pssible explanatin: peple wh perfrm randm acts f kindness underestimate hw much recipients value their behavir.
In ne experiment, participants at an ice-skating rink in a public park gave away ht chclate n a cld winter’s day. Althugh the peple giving ut the ht chclate saw the act as relatively insignificant, it really mattered t the recipients. Our research als revealed ne reasn that peple may underestimate their actin’s impact. When we asked ne set f participants t estimate hw much smene wuld like getting a cupcake simply, fr participating in a study, fr example, their predictins were well calibrated (校准) with recipients’ reactins. But when peple received cupcakes thrugh a randm act f kindness, the cupcake givers underestimated hw psitive their recipients wuld feel. Recipients f these unexpected actins tend t fcus mre n warmth than perfrmers d.
Missing the imprtance f warmth may stand in the way f being kinder in daily life. Peple knw that cupcakes given in kindness can make them feel surprisingly gd. If peple undervalue this effect, they might nt bther t carry ut these warm, prscial behavirs (亲社会行为).
And kindness can be cntagius (传染的). In anther experiment, we had peple play an ecnmic game that allwed us t examine what are smetimes called “pay it frward” effects. In this game, participants allcated mney between themselves and a persn whm they wuld never meet. Peple wh had just been n the receiving end f a kind act gave substantially mre t an annymus (无名的) persn than thse wh had nt. The persn wh perfrmed the initial act did nt recgnize that their genersity wuld spill ver in these dwnstream interactins.
These findings suggest that what might seem small when we are deciding whether r nt t d smething nice fr smene else culd matter a great deal t the persn we d it fr. Given that these warm gestures can enhance ur wn md and brighten the day f anther persn, why nt chse kindness when we can?
11．Why d peple ften fail t shw kindness t thers?
A．They dn’t knw hw t demnstrate their happiness clearly.
B．They can’t effectively take pprtunities t be kind daily.
C．They undervalue the psitive impact their kindness made.
D．They have n idea hw t perfrm randm acts f kindness.
12．Thse wh gave away ht chclate at an ice-skating rink wuld ________.
A．feel mre mtivated with the recipients’ reactins
B．inspire strangers t fllw their examples
C．expect mre appreciatin frm recipients
D．think nthing f the randm act f kindness
13．What can we learn abut the cupcake receivers frm the third paragraph?
A．They verestimated the psitive impact f the randm kindness.
B．They attached mre significance t unexpected acts f kindness.
C．They respnded differently t the predictins after the experiment.
D．They lnged fr mre pprtunities t participate in similar studies.
14．What’s the main idea f paragraph 5?
A．Peple smetimes suffer frm “pay it frward” effect.
B．A kind act can earn peple mre ecnmic benefits.
C．Genersity smetimes can be recgnized initially.
D．Kindness can inspire peple t fllw ne anther.
15．What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．Kindness can have unexpected psitive effect
B．Kindness can bring different peple tgether
C．What shuld we d t ensure happiness in life
D．Hw can peple get happiness withut effrts
（2023·天津·统考二模）“If yu were bred, it wasn’t because there was nthing t d. It was because yu hadn’t put enugh effrt int.” That was my Mum’s philsphy. Bredm has becme trendy.
Sme new studies shw hw bredm is gd fr creativity and innvatin, as well as mental health. It is fund that peple were mre creative fllwing the cmpletin f a bring and dull task. When peple are bred, they have an increase in “assciative thught”—the prcess f making new cnnectins between ideas, which is linked t innvative thinking. These studies are impressive, but in reality, the benefits f bredm may be related t having time t clear yur mind, be quiet r daydream.
In ur wrld, it seems unrealistic that bredm culd ccur at all. Yet, there are valid reasns bredm may feel s painful. As it turns ut, bredm might signal the fact that yu have a need that isn’t being met. Our always-n wrld f scial media may result in mre cnnectins, but they are superficial (表面的) and can get in the way f building a real sense f belnging. Feeling bred may signal the desire fr a greater sense f cmmunity and the feeling that yu fit in with thers arund yu. S take the step f jining an rganizatin t build face-t-face relatinships. Yu’ll find depth that yu wn’t get frm yur screen n matter hw many likes yu get n yur pst.
Bred peple ften reprt that they feel a limited sense f meaning. If yu want t reduce bredm and increase yur sense f meaning, seek wrk where yu can make a unique cntributin, r find a cause yu can supprt with yur time and talent. If yur definitin f bredm is being quiet, mindful, and reflective, keep it up. But if yu’re struggling with real bredm and the emptiness it prvkes, cnsider whether yu might seek new cnnectins and mre significant challenges. These are the things that will genuinely ease bredm and make yu mre effective in the prcess.
16．What was the pinin f the authr’s mm twards bredm?
A．She thught it a philsphical questin.
B．She cnsidered her life was bring.
C．She believed it indicates having t much energy.
D．She thught less effrt led t bredm.
17．What have studies fund abut bredm?
A．It bsts innvative thinking.
B．It is a result f ding bring tasks.
C．It helps peple cnnect with thers.
D．It des harm t ne’s mental health.
18．What d we learn abut scial media frm the passage?
A．It may be a barrier t expanding ne’s cnnectins.
B．It may get in the way f enhancing ne’s scial status.
C．It may prevent peple frm develping a genuine sense f cmmunity.
D．It may make peple feel that they ught t fit in with the utside wrld.
19．What des the authr suggest peple d t get rid f bredm?
A．Cunt the likes they get n their psts.
B．Reflect n hw they relate t thers.
C．Engage in real-life interactins.
D．Participate in nline discussins.
20．What is the main idea f the last paragraph?
A．The imprtance f ding smething riginal.
B．Strategies n dealing with bredm.
C．Ways t increase the meaning f life.
D．The distinctin between tw types f bredm.
（2023·天津河北·统考一模）The giant panda is mre than just a cute cnservatin animal and a belved media darling. It is als, accrding t new research, the prtectr f dzens f ther unique Chinese species. The panda itself desn’t actually defend ther wildlife, but it helps t save it all the same by serving as what’s knwn as an “umbrella species”. In ther wrds, effrts t preserve habitats fr the giant panda als prtect many ther mammals, birds and amphibians (两栖动物) that live nly alngside pandas, in the same areas and regins.
Cnservatinists have expressed this umbrella species thery fr years but a paper published recently in Bilgical Cnservatin prves it. The research fund that mst f the frest animals in China live within the panda’s gegraphic range and the nature reserves set aside t prtect them. In brief, mst f this range verlaps (与……重叠) with imprtant cnservatin areas fr ther lcal frest species.
Pandas d prtect a lt althugh a few species fall utside the umbrella. The research fund abut ne hundred kinds f animals are nt prtected by the giant panda’s current reservatin. The paper identified 10 lcatins that might be suitable fr new r imprved nature reserves t help expand that cverage. Many f these areas, lcated in Sichuan Prvince, which is cnsidered the strnghld (大本营) f giant pandas in the wild, are clse t existing reserves.
Prtecting the newly identified lcatins, hwever, wn’t save all f China’s unique wildlife. “Pandas are a gd umbrella species fr frest ecsystems in China but that’s nt enugh,” says c-authr Binbin Li. “In China we have many ecsystems. We need mre umbrella species.” Fr example, she says tigers culd serve the same rle in the nrthern part f the cuntry and snw lepards culd be an umbrella fr grassland species.
“The new findings are imprtant,” Pimm (the ther authr) and Li say, “because many peple dubt whether China’s cmmitment t preserving giant panda habitats is ding much gd.” Other peple arund the wrld dn’t even realize that wild pandas still live in their native frests. “A lt f the resurces in China g t releasing captive (被关住的) pandas back int the wild,” Li says. “The news desn’t cver that.” She says this paper helps display wild pandas and als shws that the expense in preserving them is mney well spent.
The researchers hpe their paper helps t set the tne fr future discussins nt nly abut umbrella species but als giant pandas themselves, alng with all China’s wildlife.
21．Giant pandas are called an umbrella species because ________.
A．they never fight fr prtected species
B．they help take care f ther baby animals
C．their precius value requires better prtectin
D．the prtectin fr them als extends t ther species
22．What can we learn frm the research?
A．The number f nature reserves may be reduced.
B．The cverage f nature reserves may be expanded.
C．The giant panda lives in imprtant lcal cnservatin areas.
D．Many nature reserves in China are lcated in Sichuan Prvince.
23．What shuld peple d t prtect ecsystems accrding t Binbin Li?
A．Create mre kinds f strng species.B．Find mre kinds f umbrella species.
C．Fcus slely n pandas’ cnservatin.D．Search fr much bigger nature reservatins.
24．Pimm and Li think the new findings are helpful in ________.
A．shwing hw well pandas are livingB．blaming the media fr their ignrance
C．prving China’s effrts t prtect pandasD．appealing t rganizatins t dnate mney
25．What’s the main idea f the passage?
A．The umbrella species have a great influence n the ecsystem.
B．Researchers have dne a lt t prtect China’s lcal species.
C．Giant panda cnservatin als prtects ther unique species.
D．Cnservatinists expressed a new umbrella species thery.
（2023·天津·校联考一模）Charity is simple in thery: A heart warms, a hand reaches ut. In practice, thugh, charity can becme a trubled mix f mtives and cnsequences. Giving can be driven by guilt, duty, praise, r perhaps the hpe that giving will smehw make up fr past cruelty r ignrance. T little charity is far less than valuable. T much can cause ver-reliance, which makes the receiver cntinuusly ask fr mre.
Giving frm the heart is gd. But critics have lng wrried abut misdirected charity that des mre harm than gd. In his 2012 bk, Harmful Charity: Hw Churches and Charities Hurt Thse They Help (And Hw t Slve the Prblem), Rbert Luptn, an experienced scial wrker f 40 years f cmmunity wrk in inner-city Atlanta, argues that charity must nt d fr the pr what they can d fr themselves.
Due t emergencies such as natural disasters, the afterward financial aid is greatly welcme. Mr. Luptn advcates it shuld fcus n the develpment f self-supprting. The task can be carried ut via, fr instance, ffering micr-lans, hiring lcal builders and suppliers, and trying t fund self-supprted, lcally wned and perated factries. What seldm wrks, he argues, are untargeted handuts frm far-ff prviders and the sudden arrival f inexperienced vlunteer-turists hping t earn persnal reputatin by digging wells r mending rfs that lcals are perfectly able t take care f themselves.
Getting charity right isn’t easy. But frm mney raising t the rising in vlunteering amng Millennials(千禧一代), frm the increasing wrldwide willingness t give t the effrts by charity rganizatins t becme mre effective and fruitful, there is strng evidence that human beings’ ability f taking care f thers is grwing alng with their ability t help withut harming.
Charity can be as simple as hlding the dr fr a stranger and as cmplex as a glbal campaign t get rid f malaria(疟疾). Charity wrks best when it returns the weak t strength, and helps a small twn shaken by an earthquake get back n its feet. A successful charity is ne that eventually is n lnger needed.
26．What can we knw abut charity in paragraph 1?
A．Charity is simple in bth thery and practice.
B．Sme charity prviders are cruel r ignrant.
C．There is much less charity than needed.
D．Charity may result in dependence.
27．Why have critics wrried abut misdirected charity?
A．It may have a bad impact n receivers.B．It may cause hurt t scial wrkers.
C．It can be driven by guilt and duty.D．It may help less t the pr.
28．What can be a prper way t give charity in time f natural disasters?
A．Hiring lcal wrkers.B．Funding advanced factries.
C．Building huses fr victims.D．Giving untargeted handuts.
29．What can we learn frm paragraph 4?
A．It’s easy t give charity withut harming.
B．Millennials enjy earning persnal reputatin.
C．There appears ability prmtin in giving charity.
D．Charity rganizatins are spreading all ver the wrld.
30．What is the writing purpse f the text?
A．T appeal fr mre charity.
B．T advcate getting charity right.
C．T intrduce the prcess f perfrming charity.
D．T criticize unjust mtives and results fr charity.
（2023·天津南开·统考一模）Yu can make a difference t the life f thers by signing up fr a vlunteer vacatin.
“After 30 prgrams in Pland, I’ve received mre than I’ve given. All benefit frm this partnership — the future leaders f this great natin, and vlunteers wh fall in lve with the beautiful peple and culture.”
– Lri Wedeking, a vlunteer in Pland
Vlunteer Opprtunities Prtugal:
Teach natives cnversatinal skills with varying English abilities in classrms, ffices, and cmmunity centers. Help chse assignments in public elementary and secndary schls, r with yung adults in technical r trade schls.
Peru:
Vlunteers with a medical backgrund can chse t spend their time wrking at medical centers. Others can spend their time practicing cnversatinal English with lcal students and teachers.
Tanzania:
Supprt a cmmunity quest fr develpment thrugh fd and nutritin, health and educatin prjects. Wrk in the greenhuse nurturing seedlings fr seasnal plantings.
Nepal:
Teach cnversatinal English and business management, help repair living and learning spaces, prvide supprt and training fr marginalized wmen, and nurture impverished children.
Cuba:
Build bridges f friendship thrugh cnversatinal English classes. Wrk alngside lcal wmen sewing and knitting baby clthes, aprns, crafts, etc, which are sld t benefit the wmen’s cperative interests.
Glbal Vlunteers’ Histry
Established in 1984 by Bud Philbrk and Michele Gran, Glbal Vlunteers is an internatinal nnprfit rganizatin assisting wrldwide cmmunity develpment prgrams by mbilizing shrt-term vlunteers n lcal wrk prgrams, as well as prviding prject funding and child spnsrships. Since 1984, Glbal Vlunteers has helped partner cmmunities deliver mst f these services t lcal peple wrldwide, and been trusted by mre than 34,000 vlunteers. As Seija Webb, an eight-time glbal vlunteer says, “Vlunteering abrad hlds magic n s many frnts. It’s the springbard fr my glbal explratins. I can’t imagine ne withut the ther anymre.”
31．Which is right abut Lri Wedeking?
A．Lri is the rganizer f 30 prgrams.
B．Lri had a psitive experience in Pland.
C．Lri wants t be the future leader f Pland.
D．Lri received a lt f presents frm vlunteers.
32．What prject is needed in Tanzania?
A．Wrking at medical centers.
B．Teaching business management.
C．Develping fd and nutritin.
D．Sewing and knitting baby clthes.
33．Which cuntry needs the prject f repairing living spaces?
A．Peru.B．Tanzania.C．Nepal.D．Cuba.
34．What d we knw abut Glbal Vlunteers’ Histry?
A．34,000 vlunteer get invlved in its prjects every year.
B．Teaching magic shws is ne f its varius prgrams.
C．It sends shrt-term and lng-term vlunteers t help lcal residents.
D．Seija Webb is a regular vlunteer and enjys vlunteering abrad.
35．Wh is the text mst prbably aimed at?
A．Glbal explrers.B．Keen travelers.
C．Future leaders.D．Ptential vlunteers.
（2023·天津河北·统考二模）Sme libraries use unique architecture t encurage visitrs t settle dwn with a new bk, r use mbile libraries t bring bks t hard-t-reach ppulatins. N matter hw they achieve it, these nvel libraries are keeping the magic f reading alive.
Beach Library (Albena, Bulgaria)
Reading a bk n the beach is a classic, and in Bulgaria, ne library encurages turists t d just that. The white, weather-resistant shelves, lined up nt far frm the surf, hld 6,000 bks in 15 languages s every visitr can find the perfect beach read t enjy while saking up the sun’s rays.
The Camel Library Service (Nrth Eastern Prvince, Kenya)
T cmbat (防止，减轻) lw literacy rates in the desert f Kenya, the gvernment created a mbile library cmpsed f nine camels bringing bks t villages. The library travels fur days a week serving the regin’s peple. Currently the service fcuses n children, but with mre funding they plan t increase their reach bth in distance and the titles they carry.
Bishan Library (Singapre)
Built in 2006, this library is meant t invke (在脑海中唤起) a mdern glass treehuse. Glass pds (吊舱) f varying clrs stick ut f the building randmly t create cmfrtable yet airy crners fr reading thrughut the building. At the same time, a mre pen-plan children’s rm n the basement level invites interactin while preventing nise frm ging up and disturbing thse cncentrating in the high places abve.
Seikei University Library (Tky, Japan)
Libraries are usually knwn fr their quiet atmsphere, but this ne encurages cnversatin. Pritzker Prize-winner Shigeru Ban designed the library with space-age, free standing sundprfed pds t respect thse wh need uninterrupted study, while als being cnducive (有助于) t ther methds f learning.
Macquarie University Library (Sydney, Australia)
A surprising cmbinatin f the cutting edge and sustainability, this building was made frm recycled materials, features a green rf, and was designed t imitate the lk f a eucalyptus tree (桉树). It is als state f the art, using rbt cranes t bring requested bks t the frnt desk.
36．In the Beach Library, visitrs can________.
A．enjy surfing and buy suvenirs
B．find a wide variety f beach reads
C．lie in the treehuse and read cmfrtably
D．read in a free-standing sundprfed pd
37．What can we knw abut the Camel Library Service?
A．It sells bks t peple in the desert.
B．It increases literacy rates in the desert f Kenya.
C．It prvides transprtatin fr peple in the desert.
D．It fcuses n increasing access t bks fr adults.
38．What is special abut Bishan Library?
A．It is a library withut any nise.
B．Its children’s reading area is at the tp.
C．It has a separate reading area fr children.
D．It gives visitrs a feeling f being in nature.
39．Which library is a perfect spt fr study grups and lively discussins?
A．Beach Library.
B．Bishan Library.
C．Seikei University Library.
D．Macquarie University Library.
40．What d Bishan Library and Macquarie University Library have in cmmn?
A．They are bth made f glass.
B．Their designs are bth related t trees.
C．They are bth envirnmentally friendly.
D．They bth use high technlgy t serve readers.
（2023·天津·天津市新华中学校考模拟预测）Sme hearing lss is a cmmn — and nearly unavidable — effect f aging. A third f peple aged 60 and lder have lst sme f their ability t hear.
But sme research suggests a habit that might help ffset the effect f aging n hearing. A study fund that amng middle-aged adults, being a lifelng musician was cnnected with better hearing later in life.
“The instrument yu play des nt seem t be imprtant here,” says Nina Kraus, a bilgist. “It is really the act f engagement playing the instrument that matters.”
Participants in the study were between ages 45 and 65. Researchers tested 18 musicians wh had been playing an instrument since age nine r yunger, and 19 nn-musicians wh had less than three years f music training.
The musicians had statistically better auditry memry scres and tested better at hearing speech in nisy envirnments. They als shwed better auditry prcessing abilities, which relate t hw peple interpret speech sunds.
Hwever, the tw grups tied when researchers tested visual wrking memry skills. “It isn’t as thugh musical training has a vlume knb effect that makes all kinds f sensry prcessing enhanced in the same manner,” Kraus says. “It fcuses n auditry skill.”
The latest findings fllw earlier research frm Kraus that shwed musician in a yunger age grup had better hearing skills. At the same time, sme research has shwn that musicians wh play in large ensembles (合奏) may face an ccupatinal risk when it cmes t their hearing.
Des this effect apply t the guy wh plays in a cmmunity band ne night a week? Kraus says n. T be included in the study, musicians were required t have engaged in musical activities-practicing, teaching r perfrming-at least three times a week.
“What we d with ur time and hw we engage ur senses and ur thinking seems t really shape the peple we becme in very basic ways — in ways that affect hw ur series wrk,” she says.
And, Kraus says, a persn desn’t need t be an Itzhak Perlman r a Y-Y Ma t experience the effects. Talent, she says, isn’t a factr.
Kraus says that mre research needs t be dne t see whether receiving music instructin later in life might have the same benefits.
41．Yur hearing will be imprved by ________.
A．what kind f instrument yu play
B．what srt f music yu play
C．whether yu invlve yurself with playing the instrument
D．hw lng yu have learned music playing
42．A musician is nt better than thers in ________.
A．getting better auditry memry scred
B．hearing speech in nisy envirnments
C．interpreting speech sunds
D．prcessing visual wrk memry
43．The under lined phrase “an ccupatinal risk” may refer t ________.
A．the danger f hearing lss
B．the pssibility f lsing a jb
C．the truble f playing music
D．the harm f hearing skills
44．It can be inferred Perlman and Y-Y Ma are the names f ________.
A．instrumentsB．musiciansC．sngsD．music
45．The main idea f the text is abut ________.
A．enjying music will d gd t yur health
B．learning music may prmte yur hearing skills
C．playing an instrument may help preserve hearing
D．listening t music can prevent yu frm aging
（2023·天津·校联考二模）As peple travelling by air becme increasingly aware f their carbn ftprint, flying has becme nt nly ne f the mst plluting industries, but als ne with the mst ptential t turn things arund.
After Slar Impulse 2 cmpleted the wrld’s first flight by a slar-pwered aircraft in 2016, airlines and aircraft prducers lked t becme the first t prvide a cmmercial plane. Bertrand Piccard, ne f the pilts respnsible fr Slar Impulse 2’s jurney said, “Al1 the clean technlgies we’ve already had can be used everywhere. We have t use them, nt nly fr the envirnment, but als because they are prfitable and able t create jbs.”
The fllwing year saw many prjects in the aviatin (航空) field as the airline industry acknwledged the future f lw- carbn transprtatin methds. In 2017, Zunum Aer, a small aviatin cmpany which fcused n delivering a range f hybrid-electric (混合电动的) planes received financial aid frm JetBlue and Being, whilst EasyJet teamed up with Wright Electric t develp battery-pwered aircraft and NASA als annunced its plans t develp its wn electric aircraft.
Orkney Islands, lying abut 20 miles nrth f the Scttish mainland, are rich in renewable resurces, especially the wind energy. Lganair, a Scttish airline, is cperating with aviatin cmpanies t make Orkney the wrld’s first fully electric airline rutes. Hwever, this is never easy. Due t the limited size and weight f a battery that an airplane can carry, airplane prducers are faced with a bttleneck—the cntinued pwer supply fr electric airplanes. They believe the abundant wind energy in Orkney culd be the key t slving it.
The benefits f electric air travel transcend its lw-carbn emissins. Aviatin experts believe these aircraft’s pwer surce will als mean they will be less nisy, smaller, require less maintenance csts, and need a shrter runway t take ff and land—this culd lead t mre airprts in small cities and mre rural areas being cnnected t the wrld at large.
46．What did Bertrand want t cnvey in his wrds?
A．The future f aircraft pilts.
B．The success f Slar Impulse 2.
C．The cnvenience f cmmercial planes.
D．The significance f using renewable energy.
47．Hw did EasyJet carry ut the lw-carbn transprtatin methds?
A．By asking fr financial supprt frm banks.
B．By wrking tgether with anther cmpany.
C．By purchasing patents frm ther cuntries.
D．By imprving the technlgy n its wn.
48．What will airplane prducers prbably d t make Orkney’s electric airline rutes a reality?
A．Use natural resurces t charge airplanes.
B．Build mre cal-fired pwer statins.
C．Develp shrter airline rutes.
D．Increase the size f battery.
49．What des the underlined wrd “transcend” in Paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A．G beynd.B．Rely n.C．Differ frm.D．Refer t.
50．What’s the benefit f electric planes besides its green ftprint?
A．Making plane tickets cheaper.
B．Making the flying time shrter.
C．Making the wrld mre cnnected.
D．Making the plane maintenance easier.
参考答案：
1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料在日常生活中有很多的优点，但是在回收再利用时会产生污染，最近研究发现一种蠕虫能帮助解决聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料回收再利用时造成的环境污染问题。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“With the abve gd features, Styrfam still enjys a bad reputatin. It cannt be recycled withut releasing dangerus pllutin int the air.(尽管有上述优点，聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料仍然享有坏名声。如果不向空气中释放危险的污染，就无法回收。)”可知，如果不向空气中释放危险的污染，就无法回收，由此可知，这种塑料在回收时向空气中释放有害的物质。故选C项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Scientists frm the U. S. and China have discvered that mealwrms can digest plastic. One mealwrm can digest a pill-sized amunt f plastic a day.(来自美国和中国的科学家发现，粉虫可以消化塑料。一只粉虫一天可以消化药丸大小的塑料。)”可知，中美研究者发现，粉虫能消化塑料，而且一只粉虫能一天消化药丸大小的塑料，由此可推断，粉虫有着惊人的消化能力。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The researchers will study the wrm’s eating habits and digesting system, lking t cpy the plastic breakdwn but n a larger scale.(研究人员将研究这种蠕虫的饮食习惯和消化系统，希望在更大的范围内复制塑料分解。)”可知，研究者研究蠕虫的饮食习惯和消化系统，指望着能更大范围地复制这种分解，由此可知，研究者研究蠕虫的饮食习惯和消化系统是为了模仿蠕虫分解塑料的方式。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据首段中的“With the abve gd features, Styrfam still enjys a bad reputatin. It cannt be recycled withut releasing dangerus pllutin int the air.(尽管有上述优点，聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料仍然享有坏名声。如果不向空气中释放危险的污染，就无法回收。)”可知，聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料有很多的优点，但是却在回收利用它时享有一个坏的名声，并结合倒数第三段中的“Once the way can be put int practice, it will make a revlutinary difference t the dispsal f plastic.(一旦这种方法被付诸实践，它将对塑料的处理产生革命性的影响。)”可知，一旦这种（蠕虫）分解塑料的方式被投入使用，会对塑料处理产生很大的影响，由此可推断，在未来，塑料可以在没有释放有害物质的情况下被回收利用了。故选D项。
5．主旨大意题。根据首段“With the abve gd features, Styrfam still enjys a bad reputatin. It cannt be recycled withut releasing dangerus pllutin int the air. The U. S. Envirnmental Prtectin Agency says it is the fifth-largest creatr f harmful waste.(尽管有上述优点，聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料仍然享有坏名声。如果不向空气中释放危险的污染，就无法回收。美国环境保护署表示，它是有害废物的第五大制造者。)”可知，聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料尽管有很多的优点，但是在对其回收再利用时会产生污染，根据第二段中的“But nw the cmmn wrms which are usually disgusting can cme t the rescue, specifically, mealwrms.(但现在，那些通常令人作呕的普通蠕虫可以来拯救我们了，特别是粉虫。)”可知，研究者发现一种粉虫却能解决这一问题，结合下文中经过对粉虫的饮食习惯和消化系统的研究分析，希望能大范围地复制这种粉虫分解塑料的方式以便最终解决塑料回收时对环境造成的污染，由此可知，本文主要讲述的是塑料的回收利用不再是问题。故选C项。
6．B 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了导致电子垃圾的激增的原因和回收电子垃圾的方式，作者呼吁：每个人都应该为电子垃圾的处理贡献一份力。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段“Meanwhile, the lifespan f devices is getting shrter-many prducts will be thrwn away nce their batteries die, t be replaced by new devices. Cmpanies intentinally plan the bslescence (过时) f their gds by updating the design r sftware and discntinuing supprt fr lder mdels, s that nw it is usually cheaper and easier t buy a new prduct than t repair an ld ne.(与此同时，设备的寿命也越来越短——许多产品一旦电池耗尽就会被扔掉，被新的设备取代。公司通过更新设计或软件，停止对旧机型的支持，有意识地规划商品的淘汰，这样现在购买新产品通常比修理旧产品更便宜、更容易)”可知，电子垃圾激增是由设备更新导致的。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据第三段“As mre peple buy electrnic equipment，manufacturers are beginning t face shrtages f the raw materials needed t make their prducts, s recycling and reusing materials frm discarded prducts and waste makes ecnmic and envirnmental sense.(随着越来越多的人购买电子设备，制造商开始面临生产产品所需的原材料短缺，因此从废弃产品和废物中回收和再利用材料具有经济和环境意义)”可知，为减轻生产原材料短缺的压力，回收和再利用变得有意义。故选C。
8．词义猜测题。根据文章第四段“Cmpanies must bey health and safety rules t reduce the health and envirnmental hazards f handling e-waste by using pllutin-cntrl technlgies.(公司必须遵守健康和安全规则，通过使用污染控制技术来减少处理电子垃圾对健康和环境的hazards)”可知，公司通过污染控制技术以减少电子垃圾带来的危害，即划线词意为“危害”，与harm同义。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Usually they d nt wear prtective equipment and lack any awareness that they are handling dangerus materials.(通常他们不穿防护装备，也不知道自己在处理危险材料)”可知，非正式回收的人员一般不知道处理电子垃圾的危害。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In rder t reduce e-waste, manufacturers need t design electrnics that are safer, and mre durable, repairable and recyclable. The best thing yu can d is resist buying a new device until yu really need it.(为了减少电子垃圾，制造商需要设计出更安全、更耐用、更可修复、更可回收的电子产品。你能做的最好的事情就是在你真的需要的时候再买一个新设备)”可推断，作者在最后一段说明了不管是制造商还是使用者都需要对电子垃圾的处理作出行动。故选A。
11．C 12．D 13．B 14．D 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是一项研究发现，做善事可以给自己和他人带来意想不到的积极的影响。
11．细节理解题。根据第四段“Missing the imprtance f warmth may stand in the way f being kinder in daily life. Peple knw that cupcakes given in kindness can make them feel surprisingly gd. If peple undervalue this effect, they might nt bther t carry ut these warm, prscial behavirs (亲社会行为).(忽视温暖的重要性可能会阻碍你在日常生活中变得更友善。人们知道，善意的纸杯蛋糕会让他们感觉非常好。如果人们低估了这种影响，他们可能就不会费心去做这些温暖的、亲社会的行为)”可知，正是因为人们对善意带给他人的积极影响的低估，进而导致人们不会去做这些温暖的、亲社会的行为。故选C。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Althugh the peple giving ut the ht chclate saw the act as relatively insignificant, it really mattered t the recipients.(尽管分发热巧克力的人认为这一行为相对微不足道，但对接受者来说确实很重要)”可知，分发热巧克力的人认为这一行为相对微不足道。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But when peple received cupcakes thrugh a randm act f kindness, the cupcake givers underestimated hw psitive their recipients wuld feel. Recipients f these unexpected actins tend t fcus mre n warmth than perfrmers d.(但是，当人们通过随机的善意行为收到纸杯蛋糕时，纸杯蛋糕赠送者低估了接受者的积极感受。这些意外行为的接受者往往比 执行者更关注温暖)”可知，接受者更加关注这种意外行为带给他们的温暖。故选B。
14．主旨大意题。根据第五段首句“And kindness can be cntagius(善良是会传染的)”及下文“In anther experiment, we had peple play an ecnmic game that allwed us t examine what are smetimes called “pay it frward” effects. In this game, participants allcated mney between themselves and a persn whm they wuld never meet. Peple wh had just been n the receiving end f a kind act gave substantially mre t an annymus (无名的) persn than thse wh had nt. The persn wh perfrmed the initial act did nt recgnize that their genersity wuld spill ver in these dwnstream interactins.(在另一个实验中，我们让人们玩一个经济游戏，让我们检查有时被称为“传递”的效应。在这个游戏中，参与者在他们自己和一个他们永远不会见的人之间分配钱。那些刚刚接受了善举的人给匿名者的钱比没有接受善举的人多得多。做出最初行为的人没有意识到他们的慷慨会在这些下游的互动中溢出)”可知，第一句为本段的主题句，因而本段主要讲述善良可以激励人们相互效仿。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段“In studies published nline in the Jurnal f Experimental Psychlgy, a behaviral scientist and I examined a pssible explanatin: peple wh perfrm randm acts f kindness underestimate hw much recipients value their behavir.(在《实验心理学杂志》在线发表的研究中，一位行为科学家和我研究了一种可能的解释：那些随机做出善举的人低估了接受者对他们行为的重视程度)”及下文内容可知，本文主要讲述一项研究成果：随意的善举会带来意想不到的积极的影响。由此可知，Kindness can have unexpected psitive effect适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。
16．D 17．A 18．C 19．C 20．B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们为什么会感觉到无聊，以及如何处理无聊。
16．细节理解题。根据文章第一段““If yu were bred, it wasn’t because there was nthing t d. It was because yu hadn’t put enugh effrt int.” That was my Mum’s philsphy.(‘如果你觉得无聊的话，那并不是因为你没有事情做，而且因为你没有投入足够多的精力’，这就是我妈妈的哲学。)”可知，在妈妈看来，感觉到无聊是因为做事情没有投入足够多的精力，故选D。
17．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Sme new studies shw hw bredm is gd fr creativity and innvatin, as well as mental health. It is fund that peple were mre creative fllwing the cmpletin f a bring and dull task.(一些新的研究表明，无聊对创造力和创新有好处，同时也对身体健康有好处。据发现，人们在完成了一个无聊枯燥的任务后，会变得更加有创造力。)”可知，研究发现，无聊能刺激创新思维的发展，故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Our always-n wrld f scial media may result in mre cnnectins, but they are superficial (表面的) and can get in the way f building a real sense f belnging. Feeling bred may signal the desire fr a greater sense f cmmunity and the feeling that yu fit in with thers arund yu.(我们的社交媒体世界可能会带来更多的联系，但那都是表面的，并且会妨碍建立真正的归属感。)”可知，社交媒体只是表面上的看似带来了更多的联系，但却阻碍了人们获得真正的归属感，故选C。
19．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“S take the step f jining an rganizatin t build face-t-face relatinships. Yu’ll find depth that yu wn’t get frm yur screen n matter hw many likes yu get n yur pst.(因此，加入一个社区组织，建立面对面的关系。这样你就能找到你在屏幕上无法获得的深度，即使你在帖子上会获得很多赞。)”可知，作者建议人们积极参加真实的面对面的交流，故选C。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段的最后一句总结“These are the things that will genuinely ease bredm and make yu mre effective in the prcess.(这些都是能帮助你真正减轻无聊，并让你在这个过程中更有效率的方法。)”可知，文章最后一段主要介绍的是如何处理无聊的方法，故选B。
21．D 22．B 23．B 24．C 25．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过大熊猫讲述了伞形物种理论，即保护大熊猫栖息地的努力也保护了许多与大熊猫生活在同一地区的其他哺乳动物、鸟类和两栖动物。
21．细节理解题。由第一段中的“In ther wrds, effrts t preserve habitats fr the giant panda als prtect many ther mammals, birds and amphibians (两栖动物) that live nly alngside pandas, in the same areas and regins.(换言之，保护大熊猫栖息地的努力也保护了许多其他哺乳动物、鸟类和两栖动物，这些动物只与大熊猫生活在同一地区)”可知，大熊猫被称为保护伞物种，是因为对它们的保护也延伸到了对其他物种的保护。故选D项。
22．细节理解题。由第三段中的“The paper identified 10 lcatins that might be suitable fr new r imprved nature reserves t help expand that cverage. (该论文确定了10个可能适合新建或改善自然保护区的地点，以帮助扩大覆盖范围)”可知，自然保护区的覆盖范围可能会扩大。故选B项。
23．细节理解题。由第四段中的““In China we have many ecsystems. We need mre umbrella species.” Fr example, she says tigers culd serve the same rle in the nrthern part f the cuntry and snw lepards culd be an umbrella fr grassland species.(“在中国，我们有很多生态系统。我们需要更多的保护伞。”例如，她说老虎可以在中国北部发挥同样的作用，雪豹可以成为草原物种的一个保护伞)”可知，Binbin Li认为，人们应该寻找更多种类的伞形物种来保护生态系统。故选B项。
24．推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的““The new findings are imprtant,” Pimm (the ther authr) and Li say, “because many peple dubt whether China’s cmmitment t preserving giant panda habitats is ding much gd.”(Pimm（另一位作者）和Li说：“新发现很重要，因为许多人怀疑中国保护大熊猫栖息地的承诺是否做得好。”)”和“She says this paper helps display wild pandas and als shws that the expense in preserving them is mney well spent. (她说，这篇论文有助于展示野生大熊猫，也表明保护它们的费用花得很好)”可知，Pimm和Li认为新发现对证明中国为保护大熊猫所做的努力有帮助。故选C项。
25．主旨大意题。由第一段中的“It is als, accrding t new research, the prtectr f dzens f ther unique Chinese species. (根据新的研究，大熊猫也是数十种其他独特的中国物种的保护者)”和最后一段“The researchers hpe their paper helps t set the tne fr future discussins nt nly abut umbrella species but als giant pandas themselves, alng with all China’s wildlife. (研究人员希望他们的论文有助于为未来的讨论定下基调，不仅是关于保护伞物种，还有大熊猫本身，以及所有中国野生动物)”可知，文章通过大熊猫讲述了伞形物种理论，即保护大熊猫栖息地的努力也保护了许多与大熊猫生活在同一地区的其他哺乳动物、鸟类和两栖动物，C项“保护大熊猫还能保护其他独特物种”符合文意。故选C项。
26．D 27．A 28．A 29．C 30．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章提倡并介绍怎样实施正确的慈善事业。
26．推理判断题。根据第一段中“T little charity is far less than valuable. T much can cause ver-reliance, which makes the receiver cntinuusly ask fr mre. (太少的慈善是没有价值的。太多会导致过度依赖，这会让接收者不断地要求更多。)”可知，慈善可能导致依赖。故选D项。
27．推理判断题。根据第二段中“But critics have lng wrried abut misdirected charity that des mre harm than gd. In his 2012 bk, Harmful Charity: Hw Churches and Charities Hurt Thse They Help (And Hw t Slve the Prblem), Rbert Luptn, an experienced scial wrker f 40 years f cmmunity wrk in inner-city Atlanta, argues that charity must nt d fr the pr what they can d fr themselves. (但批评人士一直担心慈善活动的误导会弊大于利。在他2012年出版的《有害的慈善：教会和慈善机构如何伤害他们所帮助的人(以及如何解决问题)》一书中，在亚特兰大内城工作了40年的经验丰富的社会工作者Rbert Luptn认为，慈善机构不能为穷人做他们自己可以做的事情。)”可知，批评家们担心慈善被误导是因为可能会对接受者产生不好的影响。故选A项。
28．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Mr. Luptn advcates it shuld fcus n the develpment f self-supprting. The task can be carried ut via, fr instance, ffering micr-lans, hiring lcal builders and suppliers, and trying t fund self-supprted, lcally wned and perated factries. (Luptn主张，应该把重点放在发展自立能力上。这项任务可以通过提供小额贷款、雇佣当地建筑商和供应商，以及努力建立自给自足、由当地拥有和经营的工厂等方式来完成。)”可知，在发生自然灾害时，雇佣当地工人才是正确的。故选A项。
29．推理判断题。根据第四段中“But frm mney raising t the rising in vlunteering amng Millennials(千禧一代), frm the increasing wrldwide willingness t give t the effrts by charity rganizatins t becme mre effective and fruitful, there is strng evidence that human beings’ ability f taking care f thers is grwing alng with their ability t help withut harming. (但是，从资金筹集到千禧一代中志愿服务的增加，从世界范围内越来越多的捐赠意愿，到慈善组织努力变得更有效和富有成效，有强有力的证据表明，人类照顾他人的能力随着他们在不伤害他人的情况下提供帮助的能力而不断增强。)”可知，在慈善中，人们出现能力提升。故选C项。
30．推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Charity is simple in thery: A heart warms, a hand reaches ut. In practice, thugh, charity can becme a trubled mix f mtives and cnsequences. (慈善理论上很简单：一颗心温暖，一只手伸出。然而，在实践中，慈善可能成为动机和后果的复杂混合体。)”可知，本文写作目的是提倡正确的慈善事业。故选B项。
31．B 32．C 33．C 34．D 35．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了几个国家需要的志愿者项目并介绍了全球志愿者组织的历史。
31．细节理解题。根据第二段中Lri Wedeking说的话“After 30 prgrams in Pland, I’ve received mre than I’ve given. All benefit frm this partnership — the future leaders f this great natin, and vlunteers wh fall in lve with the beautiful peple and culture.(在波兰参加了30个项目后，我得到的比我给予的要多。所有人都从这种伙伴关系中受益——这个伟大国家的未来领导人，以及爱上美丽人民和文化的志愿者)”可知，Lri Wedeking在波兰有一段愉快的经历。故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据Tanzania部分中“Supprt a cmmunity quest fr develpment thrugh fd and nutritin, health and educatin prjects.(通过粮食和营养、健康和教育项目支持社区寻求发展)”可知，坦桑尼亚需要发展粮食和营养的项目。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据Nepal部分中“Teach cnversatinal English and business management, help repair living and learning spaces, prvide supprt and training fr marginalized wmen, and nurture impverished children.(教授英语会话和商业管理，帮助修复生活和学习空间，为边缘妇女提供支持和培训，并教育贫困儿童)”可知，尼泊尔需要修复生活空间的项目。故选C。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As Seija Webb, an eight-time glbal vlunteer says, ‘Vlunteering abrad hlds magic n s many frnts. It’s the springbard fr my glbal explratins. I can’t imagine ne withut the ther anymre.’(正如曾八次担任全球志愿者的Seija Webb所说，‘在国外做志愿者在很多方面都有魔力。这是我全球探索的跳板。我再也无法想象一个没有另一个了。’)”可知，Seija Webb经常做志愿者，而且她喜欢在国外做志愿者。故选D。
35．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Yu can make a difference t the life f thers by signing up fr a vlunteer vacatin.(你可以通过报名参加志愿者假期来改变他人的生活)”可知，文章介绍了几个国家需要的志愿者项目，所以最有可能是写给想当志愿者的人。故选D。
36．B 37．B 38．C 39．C 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。去当地图书馆看书是庆祝“读书月”的最好方式。文章介绍了世界上几家有着独特建筑设计的创意图书馆。
36．细节理解题。根据Beach Library (Albena, Bulgaria) 中“Reading a bk n the beach is a classic, and in Bulgaria, ne library encurages turists t d just that. The white, weather-resistant shelves, lined up nt far frm the surf, hld 6,000 bks in 15 languages s every visitr can find the perfect beach read t enjy while saking up the sun’s rays.(在海滩上读书是一项经典活动，在保加利亚，一家图书馆鼓励游客这样做。这些白色的耐候书架排列在离海浪不远的地方，里面有15种语言的6000本书，所以每位游客都可以在享受阳光的同时找到完美的海滩读物)”可知，在海滩图书馆，游客可以找到各种各样的海滩读物。故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据The Camel Library Service (Nrth Eastern Prvince, Kenya) 中“T cmbat (防止，减轻) lw literacy rates in the desert f Kenya, the gvernment created a mbile library cmpsed f nine camels bringing bks t villages. The library travels fur days a week serving the regin’s peple. Currently the service fcuses n children, but with mre funding they plan t increase their reach bth in distance and the titles they carry.(为了解决肯尼亚沙漠地区的低识字率问题，政府创建了一个由九头骆驼组成的移动图书馆，将书籍带到村庄。该图书馆每周外出四天，为该地区的人们服务。目前，这项服务主要面向儿童，但随着资金的增加，他们计划扩大服务的覆盖范围，增加服务的内容)”可知，关于the Camel Library Service我们了解到“它提高了肯尼亚沙漠地区的识字率。”故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据Bishan Library (Singapre)中“At the same time, a mre pen-plan children’s rm n the basement level invites interactin while preventing nise frm ging up and disturbing thse cncentrating in the high places abve. (与此同时，地下室的一个更开放的儿童房邀请互动，同时防止噪音上升，干扰那些集中在高处的人)”可知，Bishan Library特殊之处是“它有一个单独的儿童阅读区。”故选C。
39．推理判断题。根据Seikei University Library (Tky, Japan)中“Libraries are usually knwn fr their quiet atmsphere, but this ne encurages cnversatin. Pritzker Prize-winner Shigeru Ban designed the library with space-age, free standing sundprfed pds t respect thse wh need uninterrupted study, while als being cnducive (有助于) t ther methds f learning. (图书馆通常以其安静的氛围而闻名，但这家图书馆鼓励交谈。普利兹克奖得主坂茂设计了太空时代的独立隔音舱，以尊重那些需要不间断学习的人，同时也有利于其他学习方法)”可知，“Seikei University Library”图书馆是学习小组和热烈讨论的理想场所。故选C。
40．细节理解题。根据Bishan Library (Singapre)中“Built in 2006, this library is meant t invke (在脑海中唤起) a mdern glass treehuse.(这座图书馆建于2006年，旨在唤起现代玻璃树屋的灵感)”和Macquarie University Library (Sydney, Australia)中“A surprising cmbinatin f the cutting edge and sustainability, this building was made frm recycled materials, features a green rf, and was designed t imitate the lk f a eucalyptus tree (桉树). (这座建筑是前沿和可持续性的惊人结合，由回收材料制成，具有绿色屋顶，并模仿桉树的外观)”可知，Bishan Library和Macquarie University Library的共同点是“他们的设计都与树木有关”。故选B。
41．C 42．D 43．A 44．B 45．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍研究发现随着年龄的增长，经常播放音乐有助于保护你的听力。从小就听音乐的人在以后的生活中听力会更好。但每周至少练习或表演三次才能受益。
41．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But sme research suggests a habit that might help ffset the effect f aging n hearing. A study fund that amng middle-aged adults, being a lifelng musician was cnnected with better hearing later in life.”（但一些研究表明，一种习惯可能有助于抵消衰老对听力的影响。一项研究发现，在中年人中，终身音乐家与晚年听力更好有关）可推知，你是否参加乐器演奏和你的听力提高有关。故选C项。
42．推理判断题。根据第六段“Hwever, the tw grups tied when researchers tested visual wrking memry skills. “It isn’t as thugh musical training has a vlume knb effect that makes all kinds f sensry prcessing enhanced in the same manner,” Kraus says. “It fcuses n auditry skill.” ”（然而，当研究人员测试视觉工作记忆技能时，这两组人打成了平手。克劳斯说：“这并不是说音乐训练有音量旋钮效应，可以以同样的方式增强各种感觉处理。”“它专注于听觉技能。”）可知，音乐家在视觉工作记忆的加工方面并不比其他人好。故选D项。
43．词句猜测题。根据第七段划线句子“The latest findings fllw earlier research frm Kraus that shwed musician in a yunger age grup had better hearing skills. At the same time, sme research has shwn that musicians wh play in large ensembles (合奏) may face an ccupatinal risk when it cmes t their hearing.”（这一最新发现是在克劳斯早期的研究之后得出的，该研究表明，年轻群体的音乐家有更好的听力技能。与此同时，一些研究表明，在大型合奏团中演奏的音乐家在听力方面可能面临an ccupatinal risk。）可知，年轻的音乐家的听力技能更好好，推测出在大型音乐合奏团的音乐家因为长期使用听力，可能会产生听力损失的风险，an ccupatinal risk和A项“听力损失的危险”同义。故选A项。
44．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“And, Kraus says, a persn desn’t need t be an Itzhak Perlman r a Y-Y Ma t experience the effects. Talent, she says, isn’t a factr.”（克劳斯说，一个人不需要是伊扎克·帕尔曼或马友友就能体验到这种效果。她说，天赋不是一个因素。）可知，本句提到了对音乐的天赋，推断出这里的Itzhak Perlman 或 Y-Y Ma是音乐家。故选B项。
45．主旨大意题。根据第二段“But sme research suggests a habit that might help ffset the effect f aging n hearing. A study fund that amng middle-aged adults, being a lifelng musician was cnnected with better hearing later in life. ”（但一些研究表明，一种习惯可能有助于抵消衰老对听力的影响。一项研究发现，在中年人中，成为一名终身音乐家与以后更好的听力有关。”和第三段““The instrument yu play des nt seem t be imprtant here,” says Nina Kraus, a bilgist. “It is really the act f engagement playing the instrument that matters.””（生物学家妮娜·克劳斯说：“你演奏的乐器在这里似乎并不重要。”“真正重要的是参与演奏乐器。”）可知，本文主要讲述了演奏乐器有助于保持听力。故选C项。
46．D 47．B 48．A 49．A 50．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了清洁能源在航空行业的运用所带来的好处。
46．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Bertrand Piccard, ne f the pilts respnsible fr Slar Impulse 2’s jurney said, “Al1 the clean technlgies we’ve already had can be used everywhere. We have t use them, nt nly fr the envirnment, but als because they are prfitable and able t create jbs.” (负责“阳光动力2号”飞行的飞行员之一伯特兰·皮卡德说：“我们已经拥有的所有清洁技术都可以在任何地方使用。我们必须利用它们，不仅是为了环境，还因为它们有利可图，能够创造就业机会。”)”可知，Bertrand表示使用清洁技术不仅对环境有好处，还能创造岗位，这是使用清洁能源的意义。故选D项。
47．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“EasyJet teamed up with Wright Electric t develp battery-pwered aircraft (易捷航空与莱特电气合作开发电池驱动飞机)”可知，EasyJet与Wright电气公司合作开发电池驱动飞机。故选B项。
48．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Lganair, a Scttish airline, is cperating with aviatin cmpanies t make Orkney the wrld’s first fully electric airline rutes. Hwever, this is never easy. Due t the limited size and weight f a battery that an airplane can carry, airplane prducers are faced with a bttleneck—the cntinued pwer supply fr electric airplanes. They believe the abundant wind energy in Orkney culd be the key t slving it. (苏格兰航空公司洛根航空正与航空公司合作，使奥克尼成为世界上第一条全电动航线。然而，这并不容易。由于飞机可携带的电池的尺寸和重量有限，飞机制造商面临着一个瓶颈——电动飞机的持续电力供应。他们认为奥克尼岛丰富的风能可能是解决这个问题的关键。)”可知，奥克尼岛丰富的风能可能是解决电动飞机持续电力供应问题的关键，说明他们将利用自然资源来给飞机供电。故选A项。
49．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“The benefits f electric air travel transcend its lw-carbn emissins. Aviatin experts believe these aircraft’s pwer surce will als mean they will be less nisy, smaller, require less maintenance csts, and need a shrter runway t take ff and land (电动航空旅行的好处超越了它的低碳排放。航空专家认为，这些飞机的动力来源也意味着它们的噪音更小，体积更小，维护成本更低，并且需要更短的跑道起降)”可知，电动航空飞行的好处transcend它的低碳排放，它还有噪音更小、体积更小、维护成本更低、需要的跑道更短等优点，由此可知，此处应指它的好处不仅仅是低碳。A. G beynd超出、胜过；B. Rely n依赖；C. Differ frm与……不同；D. Refer t谈到、提及。transcend为动词，表示“超出、超越”，此处与g beynd为同义词。故选A项。
50．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Aviatin experts believe these aircraft’s pwer surce will als mean they will be less nisy, smaller, require less maintenance csts, and need a shrter runway t take ff and land—this culd lead t mre airprts in small cities and mre rural areas being cnnected t the wrld at large. (航空专家认为，这些飞机的动力来源也意味着它们噪音更小、体积更小、维护成本更低，而且需要更短的跑道起降——这可能会导致小城市和更多农村地区的机场与世界接轨。)”可知，电动飞机还有噪音更小、体积更小、维护成本更低、需要的跑道更短等特点，而这可能会导致小城市和更多的农村地区的气场与世界接轨。由此可推知，这会导致世界联系更紧密。故选C项
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