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议论文——2024届高考英语高考阅读理解文体分类练(含答案)
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这是一份议论文——2024届高考英语高考阅读理解文体分类练(含答案)，共15页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、阅读理解
Underwater travel is difficult and dangerus, but many peple have t stay deep under the cean. Thus, humans have cme up with a few designs f vehicles t mve arund under the cean. But what if there was a better way t travel?
Hilary Bart-Smith, an engineer at the University f Virginia, thinks a vehicle that travels like a manta ray (魔鬼鱼) wuld be able t perate fr lng perids at sea. Manta rays which can grw up t 29 feet lng are amng the mst efficient swimmers in the cean. Different frm animals and peple pushing against water, manta rays swim by mving thrugh the water with wing-like mvements f their fins (鳍) . Efficiency means using less energy t mve farther.
Bart-Smith and ther engineers at the University f Virginia had t find ut what manta rays lked like n the inside t better understand hw they mve. They tk X-rays t find ut hw a manta ray's fins are built. They fund that a web f cartilage (软骨) stretches acrss each fin.
Once the engineers knew hw a manta ray's fin was cnstructed, they culd build ne f their wn. They made a lng rw f metal struts with many hinges t imitate the manta ray's web f cartilage. The engineers put their design inside a flexible cver, shaped like a manta ray's fin. Then they tested it in the university swimming pl. They were happy t see that it swam just like a manta ray in the cean.
Engineers and scientists are still learning and experimenting with hw t imitate these amazing animals. Fr nw, engineers study their mvements and learn frm the mst efficient swimmers in the cean. Perhaps smeday engineers will be able t build manta ray rbts that are big enugh t transprt peple.
1．Hw d manta rays swim?
A.By mving like birds.B.By swimming like humans.
C.By swimming like ther fishes.D.By pushing against water like animals.
2．What can we learn frm the secnd and third paragraphs?
A.Manta rays lk like travel vehicles.
B.Manta rays are the fastest swimmers.
C.Manta rays can grw at least 29 feet lng.
D.Manta rays'fins cnsist f a web f cartilage.
3．Why d the engineers study manta rays?
A.T learn abut their habits.B.T cntrl manta ray rbts.
C.T prtect marine creatures.D.T design undersea vehicles.
4．What's the authr's attitude twards the research?
A.Supprtive.B.Negative.C.Dubtful.D.Objective.
Peple tend t pay less attentin t tasks when wrking alngside a rbt, accrding t research that fund evidence f "scial lafing", where team members wrk less hard if they think thers will cver fr them.
Researchers at the Technical University f Berlin said peple cme t see rbts as part f their team. Where they think a clleague r the technlgy perfrms particularly well, r where they think their wn cntributin wuld nt be appreciated, peple tend t take a mre laid-back apprach.
"Teamwrk is a mixed blessing, "said Dietlind Helene Cymek (DHC) , the first authr f the study. "Wrking tgether can mtivate peple t perfrm well but it can als lead t a lss f mtivatin because the individual cntributin is nt as visible. We were interested in whether we culd als find such mtivatinal effects when the team partner is a rbt."
The team tested their hypthesis by asking a grup f wrkers t check the quality f a series f tasks. The wrkers were all asked t carry ut checks fr errrs n circuit bards (电路板) . Half f them were tld the tasks were als perfrmed by a rbt. While they did nt wrk directly with the rbt, named Panda, thse peple had seen it and were able t hear it perating.
Their activity was mnitred by the researchers, wh blurred ut the images f the bards the wrkers received, nly shwing them an image they culd check nce they actively pened it.
Initially, they said they fund n statistical difference in the time the tw grups-thse wh were tld they were wrking with a rbt and thse wh were nt-spent inspecting the circuit bards, r in the area they searched fr errrs.
Hwever, when the researchers investigated the participants' errr rates, they fund thse knwing Panda's presence were catching fewer defects after they had seen the rbt had successfully flagged many errrs. They said this culd reflect a "lking but nt seeing" effect, where peple engage less nce they feel a clleague r resurce is reliable.
While participants wh were asked t rate their wn perfrmance thught they were paying an equivalent amunt f attentin, the researchers felt that subcnsciusly they had begun t assume Panda had picked up defects well.
5．Why d peple pay less attentin t tasks when wrking with a rbt?
A.They see the rbt as their clleague.
B.They think the rbt can cver all tasks.
C.They believe their perfrmance will be appreciated.
D.They feel unvalued abut their persnal cntributin.
6．What des DHC mean by saying "Teamwrk is a mixed blessing"?
A.Teamwrk is f great help fr wrkers.
B.Teamwrk can imprve wrk efficiency.
C.Teamwrk invlves different kinds f weaknesses.
D.Teamwrk has bth advantages and disadvantages.
7．What did the wrkers need t d during the researchers' test?
A.They need t blur ut the images f the circuit bards.
B.They need t check errrs n circuit bards with rbts
C.They need t see and hear hw the rbts were perating.
D.They need t mnitr the rbts t check the quality f circuit bards.
8．Which f the fllwing can best describe the prcedure f the study?
A.Grup→Instruct→Mnitr→Rate
B.Questin→Detect→Demnstrate→Cllect
C.Mnitr→Grup→Investigate→Rate
D.Mnitr→Investigate→Reflect→Instruct
Interspecies was nce a technical term used in science t describe hw ne species gt alng with anther. Nw it is a wrd f mre cnsequence: it aruses the new cnnectins between humans and nn-humans that are being made pssible by technlgy. In Ways f Being, James Bridle, a British artist and technlgy writer, explres what this means fr understanding the nn-human intelligence n Earth.
Mr Bridle makes it clear that three kinds f minds are nw interacting: humans, nn-humans and machines. Using artificial intelligence (AI), machines in the future will have the capability t interpse(使介入) themselves as translatrs between humans and ther bilgical life frms.
It is true that prfit is the main mtive fr advances in AI; as yet nature des nt get much f a lk-in, and nn-human intelligence ges unexplred utside zlgy departments. Cmputing is as fcused n humans as ever, even as climate change and bidiversity-lss suggest it shuld devte much greater attentin t ther species.
The first step twards an interspecies future, Mr Bridle argues, is shwing mre appreciatin fr ther frms f intelligence. T sme extent, this is already happening. Fr example, thrugh films and ther initiatives many peple nw knw that ctpuses(章鱼) have advanced and strange intelligence. The next step, Mr Bridle declares, is recgnizing that peple live in a "mre-than-human" wrld. Other frms f intelligence have develped frm a cmmn evlutinary base, and they verlap(重叠) in ways that science is just beginning t discver.
Ways f Being wuld have benefited frm sharper editing. Yet, in making clear the patience, imaginatin and humility required t better knw and prtect ther frms f intelligence n Earth, he has made an admirable cntributin t the dawning f the interspecies age.
9．Which f the fllwing best illustrates the term "interspecies"?
A.A wlf hunts a rabbit.B.A rbt des husewrk.
C.A lady walks her dg.D.A by recrds a vide fr squirrels.
10．What des AI lay emphasis n nwadays?
A.Bidiversity.B.Other species.C.Humans.D.Climate change.
11．What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A.The characteristics f species evlutin.
B.Expectatins fr the future develpment f AI.
C.Suggestins n future explratin f interspecies.
D. The imprtance f appreciatin fr ther frms f intelligence.
12．Which wrd best describes the authr's attitude t Ways f Being?
A.Skeptical.B.Favrable.C.Tlerant.D.Cnservative.
Steam trains paved the way fr mdern-day transprtatin, but just hw much d yu knw abut them?
The rts f steam trains can be traced back t the 18th century when the Scttish engineer James Watt imprved steam engine technlgy. Watt’s imprvements significantly enhanced the efficiency f steam engines. This breakthrugh paved the way fr the applicatin f steam pwer in varius industries, marking the beginning f the Industrial Revlutin. As the 19th century started, Gerge Stephensn used the pwer f steam t pwer lcmtives (火车头), telling the age f steam-pwered transprtatin.
Steam trains played a vital rle in transfrming the wrld int a cnnected netwrk f natins. The cmpletin f the Transcntinental Railrad in the United States in 1869 marked a histric mment, as steam lcmtives linked the East and West casts, reducing travel time and expanding ecnmic, pprtunities.
Similarly, the Orient Express in Eurpe became a symbl f luxury and internatinal travel, carrying passengers frm Paris t Istanbul in a quick way. The rhythmic sund f wheels n rails eched (回响) thrugh diverse landscapes, frm the dry deserts f Australia t the snwy expanses f Siberia, as steam trains frmed paths f cnnectivity acrss cntinents. During times f war, the rle f steam trains extended t sldier transprtatin.
While steam trains led the railway landscape fr ver a century, the mid-20th century witnessed the arrival f electric and diesel lcmtives, claiming greater efficiency and lwer peratinal csts, and signaling a transfrmative shift.
As steam trains were nt mainstream transprtatin, enthusiasts wrldwide have preserved and restred steam lcmtives, ensuring that these classic engine s cntinue t attract new generatins with their nstalgic (怀旧的) charm, and that their stries cntinue t be tld fr ages t cme.
Fr Heritage railways, they dedicate t the restratin and peratin f classic steam lcmtives. Frm the Bluebell Railway in England t the Strasburg Rail Rad in the United States, these living museums allw mdern-day travelers t experience the magic f steam travel. Riding the plished carriages and hearing the distinctive whistle, visitrs experience a sensry vyage, cnnecting with a time when steam trains were the heartbeat f prgress and adventure.
13．What marks the beginning f the Industrial Revlutin?
A. Rapid expansin f railways.
B. Advance f steam lcmtives.
C. Great efficiency f transprtatin.
D. The use f steam pwer in industries.
14．What des the authr intend t d in paragraph 4?
A. Summarize the previus paragraphs.
B. Add mre facts t the rle f steam trains.
C. Share a histric mment.
D. Intrduce the Orient Express.
15．Hw d Heritage railways react t the decline f steam trains?
A. They welcme the arrival f electric engines.
B. They insist n using steam trains.
C. They ffer a jurney back in time.
D. They prefer t imprve steam engines.
16．Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A. A travel guide.B. A bk review.
C. A histry paper.D. A newspaper reprt.
Ancient builders acrss the wrld created structures that are still standing tday, thusands f years later. Rman builders built thick cncrete sea barriers against waves. Mayan builders created great sculptures, and Chinese builders cnstructed walls against freign enemies.
A grwing number f scientists have been studying materials since a lng time ag. They are breaking apart pieces f buildings and reading histrical texts hping t learn hw they have std fr thusands f years. The research has turned up a surprising list f materials that were mixed int ld buildings. They include tree bark, vlcanic ash, rice and beer. These unexpected materials can have the ability t get strnger ver time. Figuring ut hw t cpy these features can have real impacts tday. While sme f ur mdern cncrete has the strength t hld up very tall buildings and heavy structures, it cannt cmpete with the durability f these ancient materials.
Many scientists have turned t the Rmans. Starting arund 200 BC, the Rman Empire was building cncrete structures that have std the test f time. Even in places where seawater has been hitting structures fr ages, yu will find cncrete basically the way it was when it was pured 2,000 years ag. They think they have fund an imprtant reasn why sme Rman cncrete has held up structures fr thusands f years. That the ancient materials have an unusual pwer t restre themselves and “cure” cracks (裂缝) when they frm is the mst shcking fr them. Exactly hw is nt yet clear, but scientists are starting t find the reasns.
Tday’s builders cannt just cpy the ancient prcesses. Even thugh Rman cncrete lasted a lng time, it culdn’t hld up heavy buildings. Instead, researchers are trying t take sme f the ancient materials and add them int mdern mixes. Peple dn’t need t make things last quite as lng as the Rmans did. If we add 50 r 100 years t cncrete’s lifespan, we’ll surely require less pulling dwn, less maintenance and less material in the lng run.
17．What were the mentined Rman and Chinese buildings bth used fr?
A. Travel.B. Defence.
C. Sldier training.D. Seawater cntrl.
18．Which wrd can best describe the ancient buildings?
A. Lng-lasting.B. Energy-efficient.C. Delicate.D. Flexible.
19．What surprises the scientists mst abut the ancient building materials?
A. Their large cracks.B. Their clear cncrete.
C. Their internal structures.D. Their self-repairing ability.
20．What is the authr’s attitude t the future cncrete?
A. Tlerant.B. Expectant.C. Suspicius.D. Indifferent.
O'Brien and Samantha Kassirer frm the Kellgg Schl f Management at Nrthwestern University cnducted tw experiments t determine the levels f peple's happiness when they gave away mney r when they spent it n themselves.
The first experiment invlved 96 cllege students receiving $5 every day fr five days. They had t spend the mney n the same thing each day. Researchers randmly asked the participants t either spend the mney n themselves r give it t smene else, like thrugh a tip r an nline dnatin t a charity. The participants ended each day by reflecting n their spending experience and their verall level f happiness. Regardless f hw they spent the mney, everyne started ff with rughly the same level f self-reprted happiness. Thse wh spent the mney n themselves, hwever, experienced a decline in happiness ver the five-day perid. The peple wh gave the mney t smene else maintained their happiness levels.
The secnd experiment cnducted nline, invlved 502 peple playing 10 runds f a wrd puzzle game. When the players wn in a rund, they received 5 cents. The participants culd either keep the 5 cents r dnate it t a charity. After each rund, peple rated the level f happiness they felt after winning a rund. As with the first study, thse wh gave away the mney reprted a lnger stretch f happiness than thse wh kept the mney fr themselves.
As fr why peple wh used the mney fr themselves aren't happy fr s lng, the researchers explain that fcusing n an utcme—like getting paid—can diminish the experience. When peple fcus n an actin—like giving t charity—they cncentrate mre n the act itself as a jyful event, explaining why happiness stays mre cnsistent amng thse wh spend the mney n thers. "If yu want t sustain happiness ver time, ur new research shws that repeated giving, even in the same way t the same peple, may make yu cntinue t feel much fresher and mre enjyable," O'Brien said.
S the next time yu think abut spending mney n yurself, maybe give it t smene in need instead. Yur happiness will thank yu.
21．What is the finding f the experiments?
A.Peple get mre happiness when giving mney t thers.
B.Thse wh give mney t thers like t d it nline.
C.Yur level f happiness can be influenced by many factrs.
D.Thse wh win rewards are willing t give mney t a charity.
22．Accrding t O'Brien, what is the secret f maintaining happiness?
A.Saving enugh mney. B.Trying smething new.
C.Keeping n giving.D.Balancing rest and wrk.
23．Which f the fllwing shws the crrect structure f the whle text?
A. B. C. D.
24．What is the best title fr the text?
A.Mney isn't the key t happinessB.It is better t give than t receive
C.Happiness depends upn urselvesD.Peple spend their mney differently
参考答案
1．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Manta rays which can grw up t 29 feet lng are amng the mst efficient swimmers in the cean. Different frm animals and peple pushing against water, manta rays swim by mving thrugh the water with wing-like mvements f their fins（鳍）.（魔鬼鱼可以长到29英尺长，是海洋中最有效的游泳者之一。与动物和人推水不同的是，魔鬼鱼通过 像翅膀一样的鳍在水中游动。）”可知，魔鬼鱼在水中通过像翅膀一样的鳍在水中游动，也就是像鸟一样游动。故选A。
2．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段“They tk X-rays t find ut hw a manta ray's fins are built. They fund that a web f cartilage（软骨）stretches acrss each fin.(他们用X射线来研究魔鬼鱼的鳍是如何形成的。他们发现每个鳍上都有一个软骨网。)”可 知，魔鬼鱼的每个鳍上都有一个软骨网。故选D。
3．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Hilary Bart-Smith, an engineer at the University f Virginia, thinks a vehicle that travels like a manta ray(魔鬼鱼）wuld be able t perate fr lng perids at sea.(弗吉尼亚大学工程师希拉里·巴特-史密斯认为，像魔鬼鱼一样 在海中行驶的车辆可以长时间在海上行驶。)”以及文章第四段“Once the engineers knew hw a manta ray's fin was cnstructed, they culd build ne f their wn. They made a lng rw f metal struts with many hinges t imitate the manta ray's web f cartilage. The engineers put their design inside a flexible cver, shaped like a manta ray's fin. Then they tested it in the university swimming pl. They were happy t see that it swam just like a man ta ray in the cean.(一旦工程师们知道魔鬼鱼的鳍是如何构造的，他们就可以自己建 造一个。他们制作了一排带有许多铰链的金属支柱，以模仿魔鬼鱼的软骨网。工程师们将他们的设计放在一个形状像魔鬼鱼鳍 的柔性罩内。然后他们在大学游泳池里进行了测试。他们很高兴地看到它像海洋中的魔鬼鱼一样游泳，）”可推断，工程师们要 研究魔鬼鱼是为了设计一款像魔鬼鱼一样在海中行驶的水下航行器。故选D。
4．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Fr nw, engineers study their mvements and learn frm the mst efficient swimmers in the cean. Perhaps smeday engineers will be able t build manta ray rbts that are big enugh t transprt peple(目前，工程师们研究它们的动作，并向海洋中最高效的游泳者学习。也许有一天工程师们能够制造出大到足以载人的机器人。）”可知，作者对于 该研究抱有支持的态度，故选A。
5．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中 Researchers at the Technical University f Berlin said peple cme t see rbts as part f their team. Where they think a clleague r the technlgy perfrms particularly well, r where they think their wn cntributin wuld nt be appreciated, peple tend t take a mre laid-back apprach.(柏林工业大学的研究人员表示， 人们将机器人视为自己团队的一部分。如果他们认 为某位机器人同事或先进机器表现得特别好，或者 他们认为自己的贡献不会得到重视，人们往往会采 取更懒散的态度）可知，在和机器人一起工作时， 如果人们觉得自己个人贡献没有得到重视，就会变 得懒散，对任务关注得更少。故选D项。
6．答案：D
解析：词句猜测题。根据第三段Wrking tgether can mtivate peple t perfrm well but it can als lead t a lss f mtivatin because the individual cntributin is nt as visible.(一起工作 可以激励人们表现得更好，但也会导致动力的丧 失，因为个人的贡献不那么明显）可知，团队合作 可以激励人们表现得更好，但也会导致动力的丧 失。所以上文Teamwrk is a mixed blessing的意 思是：团队合作有优点也有缺点。 A.Teamwrk is f great help fr wrkers.团队合 作对工人有很大帮助； B.Teamwrk can imprve wrk efficiency.团队 合作可以提高工作效率； C.Teamwrk invlves different kinds f weaknesses.团队合作包含不同种类的弱点； D.Teamwrk has bth advantages and disadvantages.团队合作有利也有弊。故选D项。
7．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中The wrkers were all asked t carry ut checks fr errrs n circuit bards(电路 板）.Half f them were tld the tasks were als perfrmed by a rbt.(工人们都被要求检 查电路板上的错误。其中一半的人被告知这些任务 也是由机器人完成的）可知，在测试中，工人要和 机器人一起检查电路板上的错误。故选B项。
8．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。结合常识和第四段中 The team tested their hypthesis by asking a grup f wrkers t check the quality f a series f tasks. The wrkers were all asked t carry ut checks fr errrs n circuit bards(电路 板）.Half f them were tld the tasks were als perfrmed by a rbt.(该团队通过要求一组工 人检查一系列任务的质量来验证他们的假设。工人 们都被要求检查电路板上的错误。其中一半的人被 告知这些任务也是由机器人完成的）可知，研究的 过程的第一步是确定那些人将得知有机器人参与任务，先进行分组，第二步是告知所有人需要做什么 事，即指示；根据第五段中Their activity was mnitred by the researchers (研究人员对他们的活动进行了监测）可知，下一步是 监测研究活动的过程；根据最后一段中 While participants wh were asked t rate their wn perfrmance thught they were paying an equivalent amunt f attentin, the researcher s felt that subcnsciusly they had begun t assume Panda had picked up defects well.(当被 要求评价自己表现的参与者认为他们付出了同等的 注意力时，研究人员觉得潜意识里他们已经开始假 设“熊猫”很好地发现了缺陷）可知，最后一步是评 价。故选A项。
9．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Interspecies was pssible by technlgy.(种间关系曾经是一个科学术语,用来描述一个物种如何与另一个物种相处。现在,它是一个更重要的词:它唤起了人类与非人类之间的新联系,而这种联系正因技术而成为可能。)”可知,“种间关系”是指人类和非人类之间的新联系。由此推断,“一个男孩给松鼠录一段视频”最能说明这个术语所表述的含义。故选D。
10．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Cmputing is as fcused n t ther species.(尽管气候变化和生物多样性的丧失表明计算机应该更多地关注其他物种,但它仍然一如既往地关注人类。)”可知,现在人工智能的重点是人类。故选C。
11．答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“The first step twards an interspecies future, Mr Bridle argues, is shwing mre appreciatin fr ther frms f intelligence.”及“The next ‘mre-than-human’ wrld.”可知,本段主要介绍对未来物种的探索的建议。故选C。
12．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ways f Being wuld have dawning f the interspecies age.(《存在之道》本可以从更清晰的编辑中获益。然而,在阐明更好地了解和保护地球上其他形式的智慧所需要的耐心、想象力和谦逊方面,他为跨物种时代的到来做出了令人钦佩的贡献。)”可推断,作者对《存在之道》的态度是赞同的。A.怀疑的;B.赞成的;C.宽容的;D.保守的。故选B。
13．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The rts f steam trains can be traced back t the 18th century when the Scttish engineer James Watt imprved steam engine technlgy. Watt’s imprvements significantly enhanced the efficiency f steam engines. This breakthrugh paved the way fr the applicatin f steam pwer in varius industries, marking the beginning f the Industrial Revlutin.(蒸汽火车的起源可以追溯到18世纪，当时苏格兰工程师詹姆斯·瓦特改进了蒸汽机技术。瓦特的改进大大提高了蒸汽机的效率。这一突破为蒸汽动力在各行各业的应用铺平了道路，标志着工业革命的开始)”可知，蒸汽动力在工业中的使用标志着工业革命的开始。故选D。
14．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“Similarly, the Orient Express in Eurpe became a symbl f luxury and internatinal travel, carrying passengers frm Paris t Istanbul in a quick way. The rhythmic sund f wheels n rails eched (回响) thrugh diverse landscapes, frm the dry deserts f Australia t the snwy expanses f Siberia, as steam trains frmed paths f cnnectivity acrss cntinents. During times f war, the rle f steam trains extended t sldier transprtatin.(同样，欧洲的东方快车也成为奢华和国际旅行的象征，将乘客从巴黎快速运送到伊斯坦布尔。从澳大利亚的干燥沙漠到西伯利亚的白雪皑皑，车轮在铁轨上有节奏的声音在不同的景观中回响，蒸汽火车形成了跨越大陆的连接之路。在战争时期，蒸汽火车的作用扩展到士兵运输)”可推知，第4段旨在添加更多关于蒸汽火车作用的事实。故选B。
15．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“Fr Heritage railways, they dedicate t the restratin and peratin f classic steam lcmtives. Frm the Bluebell Railway in England t the Strasburg Rail Rad in the United States, these living museums allw mdern-day travelers t experience the magic f steam travel.(对于遗产铁路，他们致力于修复和运营经典的蒸汽机车。从英国的蓝铃铁路到美国的斯特拉斯堡铁路，这些活生生的博物馆让现代旅行者体验到蒸汽旅行的魔力)”可知，遗产铁路提供了一次时光倒流的旅行来应对蒸汽火车的衰落。故选C。
16．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Steam trains paved the way fr mdern-day transprtatin, but just hw much d yu knw abut them?(蒸汽火车为现代交通铺平了道路，但你对它了解多少呢？)”结合文章主要介绍了蒸汽火车的历史起源、发展以及对历史的重要影响。可推知，文章选自历史论文。故选C。
17．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Rman builders built thick cncrete sea barriers against waves. Mayan builders created great sculptures, and Chinese builders cnstructed walls against freign enemies.”（罗马的建造者建造了厚厚的混凝土防波堤。玛雅工匠创造了伟大的雕塑，中国工匠建造了抵御外敌的城墙。）可推知，罗马和中国的建筑都是用来起到防御作用的。故选B项。
18．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Ancient builders acrss the wrld created structures that are still standing tday, thusands f years later.”（世界各地的古代建筑者所建造的建筑在几千年后的今天仍然屹立不倒。）以及第二段中“A grwing number f scientists have been studying materials since a lng time ag. They are breaking apart pieces f buildings and reading histrical texts hping t learn hw they have std fr thusands f years.”（长久以来，越来越多的科学家一直在研究材料。他们正在拆除建筑物的碎片，阅读历史文献，希望了解它们是如何屹立数千年的。）可推知，这些古建筑能够持久的存在。故选A项。
19．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“That the ancient materials have an unusual pwer t restre themselves and “cure” cracks when they frm is the mst shcking fr them.”（这些古老的材料具有一种不寻常的力量，可以在裂缝形成时自我修复和“治愈”裂缝，这对他们来说是最令人震惊的。）可知，古代建筑材料中最令科学家惊讶的是它们的自我修复能力。故选D项。
20．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If we add 50 r 100 years t cncrete’s lifespan, we’ll surely require less pulling dwn, less maintenance and less material in the lng run.”（如果我们将混凝土的寿命延长50年或100年，从长远来看，我们肯定需要更少的拆除，更少的维护和更少的材料。）可推知，作者对未来混凝土的态度是期待的。故选B项。
21．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As with the first study, thse wh gave away the mney reprted a lnger stretch f happiness than thse wh kept the mney fr themselves.”可知,和第一项研究一样,报告显示那些捐钱的人比那些为自己存钱的人有时间更长的快乐的感觉。故选A。
22．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“If yu want t sustain happiness t feel much fresher and mre enjyable”可知,重复给予可能会让你感觉精力更充沛、更愉快。故选C。
23．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。纵观全文可知,第一段介绍了实验的目的;第二、三段介绍了两个实验的数据;第四段分析了实验结果;第五段是根据实验结果对人们的提示。故选D。
24．答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。纵观全文可知,本文通过研究表明:维持快乐的诀窍并不是得到,而是给予。故选B。
一、阅读理解
Underwater travel is difficult and dangerus, but many peple have t stay deep under the cean. Thus, humans have cme up with a few designs f vehicles t mve arund under the cean. But what if there was a better way t travel?
Hilary Bart-Smith, an engineer at the University f Virginia, thinks a vehicle that travels like a manta ray (魔鬼鱼) wuld be able t perate fr lng perids at sea. Manta rays which can grw up t 29 feet lng are amng the mst efficient swimmers in the cean. Different frm animals and peple pushing against water, manta rays swim by mving thrugh the water with wing-like mvements f their fins (鳍) . Efficiency means using less energy t mve farther.
Bart-Smith and ther engineers at the University f Virginia had t find ut what manta rays lked like n the inside t better understand hw they mve. They tk X-rays t find ut hw a manta ray's fins are built. They fund that a web f cartilage (软骨) stretches acrss each fin.
Once the engineers knew hw a manta ray's fin was cnstructed, they culd build ne f their wn. They made a lng rw f metal struts with many hinges t imitate the manta ray's web f cartilage. The engineers put their design inside a flexible cver, shaped like a manta ray's fin. Then they tested it in the university swimming pl. They were happy t see that it swam just like a manta ray in the cean.
Engineers and scientists are still learning and experimenting with hw t imitate these amazing animals. Fr nw, engineers study their mvements and learn frm the mst efficient swimmers in the cean. Perhaps smeday engineers will be able t build manta ray rbts that are big enugh t transprt peple.
1．Hw d manta rays swim?
A.By mving like birds.B.By swimming like humans.
C.By swimming like ther fishes.D.By pushing against water like animals.
2．What can we learn frm the secnd and third paragraphs?
A.Manta rays lk like travel vehicles.
B.Manta rays are the fastest swimmers.
C.Manta rays can grw at least 29 feet lng.
D.Manta rays'fins cnsist f a web f cartilage.
3．Why d the engineers study manta rays?
A.T learn abut their habits.B.T cntrl manta ray rbts.
C.T prtect marine creatures.D.T design undersea vehicles.
4．What's the authr's attitude twards the research?
A.Supprtive.B.Negative.C.Dubtful.D.Objective.
Peple tend t pay less attentin t tasks when wrking alngside a rbt, accrding t research that fund evidence f "scial lafing", where team members wrk less hard if they think thers will cver fr them.
Researchers at the Technical University f Berlin said peple cme t see rbts as part f their team. Where they think a clleague r the technlgy perfrms particularly well, r where they think their wn cntributin wuld nt be appreciated, peple tend t take a mre laid-back apprach.
"Teamwrk is a mixed blessing, "said Dietlind Helene Cymek (DHC) , the first authr f the study. "Wrking tgether can mtivate peple t perfrm well but it can als lead t a lss f mtivatin because the individual cntributin is nt as visible. We were interested in whether we culd als find such mtivatinal effects when the team partner is a rbt."
The team tested their hypthesis by asking a grup f wrkers t check the quality f a series f tasks. The wrkers were all asked t carry ut checks fr errrs n circuit bards (电路板) . Half f them were tld the tasks were als perfrmed by a rbt. While they did nt wrk directly with the rbt, named Panda, thse peple had seen it and were able t hear it perating.
Their activity was mnitred by the researchers, wh blurred ut the images f the bards the wrkers received, nly shwing them an image they culd check nce they actively pened it.
Initially, they said they fund n statistical difference in the time the tw grups-thse wh were tld they were wrking with a rbt and thse wh were nt-spent inspecting the circuit bards, r in the area they searched fr errrs.
Hwever, when the researchers investigated the participants' errr rates, they fund thse knwing Panda's presence were catching fewer defects after they had seen the rbt had successfully flagged many errrs. They said this culd reflect a "lking but nt seeing" effect, where peple engage less nce they feel a clleague r resurce is reliable.
While participants wh were asked t rate their wn perfrmance thught they were paying an equivalent amunt f attentin, the researchers felt that subcnsciusly they had begun t assume Panda had picked up defects well.
5．Why d peple pay less attentin t tasks when wrking with a rbt?
A.They see the rbt as their clleague.
B.They think the rbt can cver all tasks.
C.They believe their perfrmance will be appreciated.
D.They feel unvalued abut their persnal cntributin.
6．What des DHC mean by saying "Teamwrk is a mixed blessing"?
A.Teamwrk is f great help fr wrkers.
B.Teamwrk can imprve wrk efficiency.
C.Teamwrk invlves different kinds f weaknesses.
D.Teamwrk has bth advantages and disadvantages.
7．What did the wrkers need t d during the researchers' test?
A.They need t blur ut the images f the circuit bards.
B.They need t check errrs n circuit bards with rbts
C.They need t see and hear hw the rbts were perating.
D.They need t mnitr the rbts t check the quality f circuit bards.
8．Which f the fllwing can best describe the prcedure f the study?
A.Grup→Instruct→Mnitr→Rate
B.Questin→Detect→Demnstrate→Cllect
C.Mnitr→Grup→Investigate→Rate
D.Mnitr→Investigate→Reflect→Instruct
Interspecies was nce a technical term used in science t describe hw ne species gt alng with anther. Nw it is a wrd f mre cnsequence: it aruses the new cnnectins between humans and nn-humans that are being made pssible by technlgy. In Ways f Being, James Bridle, a British artist and technlgy writer, explres what this means fr understanding the nn-human intelligence n Earth.
Mr Bridle makes it clear that three kinds f minds are nw interacting: humans, nn-humans and machines. Using artificial intelligence (AI), machines in the future will have the capability t interpse(使介入) themselves as translatrs between humans and ther bilgical life frms.
It is true that prfit is the main mtive fr advances in AI; as yet nature des nt get much f a lk-in, and nn-human intelligence ges unexplred utside zlgy departments. Cmputing is as fcused n humans as ever, even as climate change and bidiversity-lss suggest it shuld devte much greater attentin t ther species.
The first step twards an interspecies future, Mr Bridle argues, is shwing mre appreciatin fr ther frms f intelligence. T sme extent, this is already happening. Fr example, thrugh films and ther initiatives many peple nw knw that ctpuses(章鱼) have advanced and strange intelligence. The next step, Mr Bridle declares, is recgnizing that peple live in a "mre-than-human" wrld. Other frms f intelligence have develped frm a cmmn evlutinary base, and they verlap(重叠) in ways that science is just beginning t discver.
Ways f Being wuld have benefited frm sharper editing. Yet, in making clear the patience, imaginatin and humility required t better knw and prtect ther frms f intelligence n Earth, he has made an admirable cntributin t the dawning f the interspecies age.
9．Which f the fllwing best illustrates the term "interspecies"?
A.A wlf hunts a rabbit.B.A rbt des husewrk.
C.A lady walks her dg.D.A by recrds a vide fr squirrels.
10．What des AI lay emphasis n nwadays?
A.Bidiversity.B.Other species.C.Humans.D.Climate change.
11．What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A.The characteristics f species evlutin.
B.Expectatins fr the future develpment f AI.
C.Suggestins n future explratin f interspecies.
D. The imprtance f appreciatin fr ther frms f intelligence.
12．Which wrd best describes the authr's attitude t Ways f Being?
A.Skeptical.B.Favrable.C.Tlerant.D.Cnservative.
Steam trains paved the way fr mdern-day transprtatin, but just hw much d yu knw abut them?
The rts f steam trains can be traced back t the 18th century when the Scttish engineer James Watt imprved steam engine technlgy. Watt’s imprvements significantly enhanced the efficiency f steam engines. This breakthrugh paved the way fr the applicatin f steam pwer in varius industries, marking the beginning f the Industrial Revlutin. As the 19th century started, Gerge Stephensn used the pwer f steam t pwer lcmtives (火车头), telling the age f steam-pwered transprtatin.
Steam trains played a vital rle in transfrming the wrld int a cnnected netwrk f natins. The cmpletin f the Transcntinental Railrad in the United States in 1869 marked a histric mment, as steam lcmtives linked the East and West casts, reducing travel time and expanding ecnmic, pprtunities.
Similarly, the Orient Express in Eurpe became a symbl f luxury and internatinal travel, carrying passengers frm Paris t Istanbul in a quick way. The rhythmic sund f wheels n rails eched (回响) thrugh diverse landscapes, frm the dry deserts f Australia t the snwy expanses f Siberia, as steam trains frmed paths f cnnectivity acrss cntinents. During times f war, the rle f steam trains extended t sldier transprtatin.
While steam trains led the railway landscape fr ver a century, the mid-20th century witnessed the arrival f electric and diesel lcmtives, claiming greater efficiency and lwer peratinal csts, and signaling a transfrmative shift.
As steam trains were nt mainstream transprtatin, enthusiasts wrldwide have preserved and restred steam lcmtives, ensuring that these classic engine s cntinue t attract new generatins with their nstalgic (怀旧的) charm, and that their stries cntinue t be tld fr ages t cme.
Fr Heritage railways, they dedicate t the restratin and peratin f classic steam lcmtives. Frm the Bluebell Railway in England t the Strasburg Rail Rad in the United States, these living museums allw mdern-day travelers t experience the magic f steam travel. Riding the plished carriages and hearing the distinctive whistle, visitrs experience a sensry vyage, cnnecting with a time when steam trains were the heartbeat f prgress and adventure.
13．What marks the beginning f the Industrial Revlutin?
A. Rapid expansin f railways.
B. Advance f steam lcmtives.
C. Great efficiency f transprtatin.
D. The use f steam pwer in industries.
14．What des the authr intend t d in paragraph 4?
A. Summarize the previus paragraphs.
B. Add mre facts t the rle f steam trains.
C. Share a histric mment.
D. Intrduce the Orient Express.
15．Hw d Heritage railways react t the decline f steam trains?
A. They welcme the arrival f electric engines.
B. They insist n using steam trains.
C. They ffer a jurney back in time.
D. They prefer t imprve steam engines.
16．Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A. A travel guide.B. A bk review.
C. A histry paper.D. A newspaper reprt.
Ancient builders acrss the wrld created structures that are still standing tday, thusands f years later. Rman builders built thick cncrete sea barriers against waves. Mayan builders created great sculptures, and Chinese builders cnstructed walls against freign enemies.
A grwing number f scientists have been studying materials since a lng time ag. They are breaking apart pieces f buildings and reading histrical texts hping t learn hw they have std fr thusands f years. The research has turned up a surprising list f materials that were mixed int ld buildings. They include tree bark, vlcanic ash, rice and beer. These unexpected materials can have the ability t get strnger ver time. Figuring ut hw t cpy these features can have real impacts tday. While sme f ur mdern cncrete has the strength t hld up very tall buildings and heavy structures, it cannt cmpete with the durability f these ancient materials.
Many scientists have turned t the Rmans. Starting arund 200 BC, the Rman Empire was building cncrete structures that have std the test f time. Even in places where seawater has been hitting structures fr ages, yu will find cncrete basically the way it was when it was pured 2,000 years ag. They think they have fund an imprtant reasn why sme Rman cncrete has held up structures fr thusands f years. That the ancient materials have an unusual pwer t restre themselves and “cure” cracks (裂缝) when they frm is the mst shcking fr them. Exactly hw is nt yet clear, but scientists are starting t find the reasns.
Tday’s builders cannt just cpy the ancient prcesses. Even thugh Rman cncrete lasted a lng time, it culdn’t hld up heavy buildings. Instead, researchers are trying t take sme f the ancient materials and add them int mdern mixes. Peple dn’t need t make things last quite as lng as the Rmans did. If we add 50 r 100 years t cncrete’s lifespan, we’ll surely require less pulling dwn, less maintenance and less material in the lng run.
17．What were the mentined Rman and Chinese buildings bth used fr?
A. Travel.B. Defence.
C. Sldier training.D. Seawater cntrl.
18．Which wrd can best describe the ancient buildings?
A. Lng-lasting.B. Energy-efficient.C. Delicate.D. Flexible.
19．What surprises the scientists mst abut the ancient building materials?
A. Their large cracks.B. Their clear cncrete.
C. Their internal structures.D. Their self-repairing ability.
20．What is the authr’s attitude t the future cncrete?
A. Tlerant.B. Expectant.C. Suspicius.D. Indifferent.
O'Brien and Samantha Kassirer frm the Kellgg Schl f Management at Nrthwestern University cnducted tw experiments t determine the levels f peple's happiness when they gave away mney r when they spent it n themselves.
The first experiment invlved 96 cllege students receiving $5 every day fr five days. They had t spend the mney n the same thing each day. Researchers randmly asked the participants t either spend the mney n themselves r give it t smene else, like thrugh a tip r an nline dnatin t a charity. The participants ended each day by reflecting n their spending experience and their verall level f happiness. Regardless f hw they spent the mney, everyne started ff with rughly the same level f self-reprted happiness. Thse wh spent the mney n themselves, hwever, experienced a decline in happiness ver the five-day perid. The peple wh gave the mney t smene else maintained their happiness levels.
The secnd experiment cnducted nline, invlved 502 peple playing 10 runds f a wrd puzzle game. When the players wn in a rund, they received 5 cents. The participants culd either keep the 5 cents r dnate it t a charity. After each rund, peple rated the level f happiness they felt after winning a rund. As with the first study, thse wh gave away the mney reprted a lnger stretch f happiness than thse wh kept the mney fr themselves.
As fr why peple wh used the mney fr themselves aren't happy fr s lng, the researchers explain that fcusing n an utcme—like getting paid—can diminish the experience. When peple fcus n an actin—like giving t charity—they cncentrate mre n the act itself as a jyful event, explaining why happiness stays mre cnsistent amng thse wh spend the mney n thers. "If yu want t sustain happiness ver time, ur new research shws that repeated giving, even in the same way t the same peple, may make yu cntinue t feel much fresher and mre enjyable," O'Brien said.
S the next time yu think abut spending mney n yurself, maybe give it t smene in need instead. Yur happiness will thank yu.
21．What is the finding f the experiments?
A.Peple get mre happiness when giving mney t thers.
B.Thse wh give mney t thers like t d it nline.
C.Yur level f happiness can be influenced by many factrs.
D.Thse wh win rewards are willing t give mney t a charity.
22．Accrding t O'Brien, what is the secret f maintaining happiness?
A.Saving enugh mney. B.Trying smething new.
C.Keeping n giving.D.Balancing rest and wrk.
23．Which f the fllwing shws the crrect structure f the whle text?
A. B. C. D.
24．What is the best title fr the text?
A.Mney isn't the key t happinessB.It is better t give than t receive
C.Happiness depends upn urselvesD.Peple spend their mney differently
参考答案
1．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Manta rays which can grw up t 29 feet lng are amng the mst efficient swimmers in the cean. Different frm animals and peple pushing against water, manta rays swim by mving thrugh the water with wing-like mvements f their fins（鳍）.（魔鬼鱼可以长到29英尺长，是海洋中最有效的游泳者之一。与动物和人推水不同的是，魔鬼鱼通过 像翅膀一样的鳍在水中游动。）”可知，魔鬼鱼在水中通过像翅膀一样的鳍在水中游动，也就是像鸟一样游动。故选A。
2．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段“They tk X-rays t find ut hw a manta ray's fins are built. They fund that a web f cartilage（软骨）stretches acrss each fin.(他们用X射线来研究魔鬼鱼的鳍是如何形成的。他们发现每个鳍上都有一个软骨网。)”可 知，魔鬼鱼的每个鳍上都有一个软骨网。故选D。
3．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Hilary Bart-Smith, an engineer at the University f Virginia, thinks a vehicle that travels like a manta ray(魔鬼鱼）wuld be able t perate fr lng perids at sea.(弗吉尼亚大学工程师希拉里·巴特-史密斯认为，像魔鬼鱼一样 在海中行驶的车辆可以长时间在海上行驶。)”以及文章第四段“Once the engineers knew hw a manta ray's fin was cnstructed, they culd build ne f their wn. They made a lng rw f metal struts with many hinges t imitate the manta ray's web f cartilage. The engineers put their design inside a flexible cver, shaped like a manta ray's fin. Then they tested it in the university swimming pl. They were happy t see that it swam just like a man ta ray in the cean.(一旦工程师们知道魔鬼鱼的鳍是如何构造的，他们就可以自己建 造一个。他们制作了一排带有许多铰链的金属支柱，以模仿魔鬼鱼的软骨网。工程师们将他们的设计放在一个形状像魔鬼鱼鳍 的柔性罩内。然后他们在大学游泳池里进行了测试。他们很高兴地看到它像海洋中的魔鬼鱼一样游泳，）”可推断，工程师们要 研究魔鬼鱼是为了设计一款像魔鬼鱼一样在海中行驶的水下航行器。故选D。
4．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Fr nw, engineers study their mvements and learn frm the mst efficient swimmers in the cean. Perhaps smeday engineers will be able t build manta ray rbts that are big enugh t transprt peple(目前，工程师们研究它们的动作，并向海洋中最高效的游泳者学习。也许有一天工程师们能够制造出大到足以载人的机器人。）”可知，作者对于 该研究抱有支持的态度，故选A。
5．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中 Researchers at the Technical University f Berlin said peple cme t see rbts as part f their team. Where they think a clleague r the technlgy perfrms particularly well, r where they think their wn cntributin wuld nt be appreciated, peple tend t take a mre laid-back apprach.(柏林工业大学的研究人员表示， 人们将机器人视为自己团队的一部分。如果他们认 为某位机器人同事或先进机器表现得特别好，或者 他们认为自己的贡献不会得到重视，人们往往会采 取更懒散的态度）可知，在和机器人一起工作时， 如果人们觉得自己个人贡献没有得到重视，就会变 得懒散，对任务关注得更少。故选D项。
6．答案：D
解析：词句猜测题。根据第三段Wrking tgether can mtivate peple t perfrm well but it can als lead t a lss f mtivatin because the individual cntributin is nt as visible.(一起工作 可以激励人们表现得更好，但也会导致动力的丧 失，因为个人的贡献不那么明显）可知，团队合作 可以激励人们表现得更好，但也会导致动力的丧 失。所以上文Teamwrk is a mixed blessing的意 思是：团队合作有优点也有缺点。 A.Teamwrk is f great help fr wrkers.团队合 作对工人有很大帮助； B.Teamwrk can imprve wrk efficiency.团队 合作可以提高工作效率； C.Teamwrk invlves different kinds f weaknesses.团队合作包含不同种类的弱点； D.Teamwrk has bth advantages and disadvantages.团队合作有利也有弊。故选D项。
7．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中The wrkers were all asked t carry ut checks fr errrs n circuit bards(电路 板）.Half f them were tld the tasks were als perfrmed by a rbt.(工人们都被要求检 查电路板上的错误。其中一半的人被告知这些任务 也是由机器人完成的）可知，在测试中，工人要和 机器人一起检查电路板上的错误。故选B项。
8．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。结合常识和第四段中 The team tested their hypthesis by asking a grup f wrkers t check the quality f a series f tasks. The wrkers were all asked t carry ut checks fr errrs n circuit bards(电路 板）.Half f them were tld the tasks were als perfrmed by a rbt.(该团队通过要求一组工 人检查一系列任务的质量来验证他们的假设。工人 们都被要求检查电路板上的错误。其中一半的人被 告知这些任务也是由机器人完成的）可知，研究的 过程的第一步是确定那些人将得知有机器人参与任务，先进行分组，第二步是告知所有人需要做什么 事，即指示；根据第五段中Their activity was mnitred by the researchers (研究人员对他们的活动进行了监测）可知，下一步是 监测研究活动的过程；根据最后一段中 While participants wh were asked t rate their wn perfrmance thught they were paying an equivalent amunt f attentin, the researcher s felt that subcnsciusly they had begun t assume Panda had picked up defects well.(当被 要求评价自己表现的参与者认为他们付出了同等的 注意力时，研究人员觉得潜意识里他们已经开始假 设“熊猫”很好地发现了缺陷）可知，最后一步是评 价。故选A项。
9．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Interspecies was pssible by technlgy.(种间关系曾经是一个科学术语,用来描述一个物种如何与另一个物种相处。现在,它是一个更重要的词:它唤起了人类与非人类之间的新联系,而这种联系正因技术而成为可能。)”可知,“种间关系”是指人类和非人类之间的新联系。由此推断,“一个男孩给松鼠录一段视频”最能说明这个术语所表述的含义。故选D。
10．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Cmputing is as fcused n t ther species.(尽管气候变化和生物多样性的丧失表明计算机应该更多地关注其他物种,但它仍然一如既往地关注人类。)”可知,现在人工智能的重点是人类。故选C。
11．答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“The first step twards an interspecies future, Mr Bridle argues, is shwing mre appreciatin fr ther frms f intelligence.”及“The next ‘mre-than-human’ wrld.”可知,本段主要介绍对未来物种的探索的建议。故选C。
12．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ways f Being wuld have dawning f the interspecies age.(《存在之道》本可以从更清晰的编辑中获益。然而,在阐明更好地了解和保护地球上其他形式的智慧所需要的耐心、想象力和谦逊方面,他为跨物种时代的到来做出了令人钦佩的贡献。)”可推断,作者对《存在之道》的态度是赞同的。A.怀疑的;B.赞成的;C.宽容的;D.保守的。故选B。
13．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The rts f steam trains can be traced back t the 18th century when the Scttish engineer James Watt imprved steam engine technlgy. Watt’s imprvements significantly enhanced the efficiency f steam engines. This breakthrugh paved the way fr the applicatin f steam pwer in varius industries, marking the beginning f the Industrial Revlutin.(蒸汽火车的起源可以追溯到18世纪，当时苏格兰工程师詹姆斯·瓦特改进了蒸汽机技术。瓦特的改进大大提高了蒸汽机的效率。这一突破为蒸汽动力在各行各业的应用铺平了道路，标志着工业革命的开始)”可知，蒸汽动力在工业中的使用标志着工业革命的开始。故选D。
14．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“Similarly, the Orient Express in Eurpe became a symbl f luxury and internatinal travel, carrying passengers frm Paris t Istanbul in a quick way. The rhythmic sund f wheels n rails eched (回响) thrugh diverse landscapes, frm the dry deserts f Australia t the snwy expanses f Siberia, as steam trains frmed paths f cnnectivity acrss cntinents. During times f war, the rle f steam trains extended t sldier transprtatin.(同样，欧洲的东方快车也成为奢华和国际旅行的象征，将乘客从巴黎快速运送到伊斯坦布尔。从澳大利亚的干燥沙漠到西伯利亚的白雪皑皑，车轮在铁轨上有节奏的声音在不同的景观中回响，蒸汽火车形成了跨越大陆的连接之路。在战争时期，蒸汽火车的作用扩展到士兵运输)”可推知，第4段旨在添加更多关于蒸汽火车作用的事实。故选B。
15．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“Fr Heritage railways, they dedicate t the restratin and peratin f classic steam lcmtives. Frm the Bluebell Railway in England t the Strasburg Rail Rad in the United States, these living museums allw mdern-day travelers t experience the magic f steam travel.(对于遗产铁路，他们致力于修复和运营经典的蒸汽机车。从英国的蓝铃铁路到美国的斯特拉斯堡铁路，这些活生生的博物馆让现代旅行者体验到蒸汽旅行的魔力)”可知，遗产铁路提供了一次时光倒流的旅行来应对蒸汽火车的衰落。故选C。
16．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Steam trains paved the way fr mdern-day transprtatin, but just hw much d yu knw abut them?(蒸汽火车为现代交通铺平了道路，但你对它了解多少呢？)”结合文章主要介绍了蒸汽火车的历史起源、发展以及对历史的重要影响。可推知，文章选自历史论文。故选C。
17．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Rman builders built thick cncrete sea barriers against waves. Mayan builders created great sculptures, and Chinese builders cnstructed walls against freign enemies.”（罗马的建造者建造了厚厚的混凝土防波堤。玛雅工匠创造了伟大的雕塑，中国工匠建造了抵御外敌的城墙。）可推知，罗马和中国的建筑都是用来起到防御作用的。故选B项。
18．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Ancient builders acrss the wrld created structures that are still standing tday, thusands f years later.”（世界各地的古代建筑者所建造的建筑在几千年后的今天仍然屹立不倒。）以及第二段中“A grwing number f scientists have been studying materials since a lng time ag. They are breaking apart pieces f buildings and reading histrical texts hping t learn hw they have std fr thusands f years.”（长久以来，越来越多的科学家一直在研究材料。他们正在拆除建筑物的碎片，阅读历史文献，希望了解它们是如何屹立数千年的。）可推知，这些古建筑能够持久的存在。故选A项。
19．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“That the ancient materials have an unusual pwer t restre themselves and “cure” cracks when they frm is the mst shcking fr them.”（这些古老的材料具有一种不寻常的力量，可以在裂缝形成时自我修复和“治愈”裂缝，这对他们来说是最令人震惊的。）可知，古代建筑材料中最令科学家惊讶的是它们的自我修复能力。故选D项。
20．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If we add 50 r 100 years t cncrete’s lifespan, we’ll surely require less pulling dwn, less maintenance and less material in the lng run.”（如果我们将混凝土的寿命延长50年或100年，从长远来看，我们肯定需要更少的拆除，更少的维护和更少的材料。）可推知，作者对未来混凝土的态度是期待的。故选B项。
21．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As with the first study, thse wh gave away the mney reprted a lnger stretch f happiness than thse wh kept the mney fr themselves.”可知,和第一项研究一样,报告显示那些捐钱的人比那些为自己存钱的人有时间更长的快乐的感觉。故选A。
22．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“If yu want t sustain happiness t feel much fresher and mre enjyable”可知,重复给予可能会让你感觉精力更充沛、更愉快。故选C。
23．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。纵观全文可知,第一段介绍了实验的目的;第二、三段介绍了两个实验的数据;第四段分析了实验结果;第五段是根据实验结果对人们的提示。故选D。
24．答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。纵观全文可知,本文通过研究表明:维持快乐的诀窍并不是得到,而是给予。故选B。
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