专题05 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“态度推断”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习

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【近年高考考情】
1.（2023年新高考I卷）第35题 P1
2.（2023年全国甲卷）第31题 P3
3.（2023年全国乙卷）第23题 P5
4.（2022北京卷）第34题 P6
5.（2021年新高考I卷）第34题 P8
6.（2021年全国甲卷）第34题 P9
7.（2020全国I卷）第34题 P10
【解题实用技法】
态度观点态度类试题的解题方法：
第一：结合题干人物和内容定位原文出现在哪一（些）段；然后仔细比对该句言外之意；
第二：加入自己的态度。要注意区分试题考查的是作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度；
第三：态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wnderfully, successfully, unfrtunately, dubtfully 等。
乐观支持类词汇：ptimistic乐观的；psitive肯定的；favrable 支持的，赞同的；supprtive支持的；apprving赞成的
客观中立类词汇：bjective客观的；neutral中立的；cautius谨慎的
消极反对类词汇：negative否定的；ppsite相反的；unfair公正的；dubtful怀疑的；indifferent漠不关心的；critical批评的；irnic讽刺的；skeptical质疑的；disappinted失望的；disapprving不赞同的；pessimistic悲观的；dismissive轻蔑的，不屑一顾的
【高考真题再练】
01（2023年新高考I卷D篇）
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist (转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins many questins remain the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
32. What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The methds f estimatin.B. The underlying lgic f the effect.
C. The causes f peple’s errrs.D. The design f Galtn’s experiment.
33. Navajas’ study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if ________.
A. the crwds were relatively small
B. there were ccasinal underestimates
C. individuals did nt cmmunicate
D. estimates were nt fully independent
34. What did the fllw-up study fcus n?
A. The size f the grups.B. The dminant members.
C. The discussin prcess.D. The individual estimates.
35. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。
32.主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and cme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.(这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降。)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而导致更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
33.细节理解题。根据第二段的“In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent.(从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。)”和第三段的“The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.(这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确。)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。
34.推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? (在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗？)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。
35.推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.(尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
02（2023年全国甲卷C篇）
I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder’s Sphie’s Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy (哲学).
That lve fr philsphy lasted until I gt t cllege. Nthing kills the lve fr philsphy faster than peple wh think they understand Fucault, Baudrillard, r Cnfucius better than yu — and then try t explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Scrates Express: In Search f Life Lessns frm Dead Philsphers reawakened my lve fr philsphy. It is nt an explanatin, but an invitatin t think and experience philsphy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher’s wrk in the cntext (背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. This, mre than a bk abut understanding philsphy, is a bk abut learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.
He makes philsphical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences, and he des s with plenty f humr. Weiner enters int cnversatin with sme f the mst imprtant philsphers in histry, and he becmes part f that crwd in the prcess by decding (解读) their messages and adding his wn interpretatin.
The Scrates Express is a fun, sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire, lneliness, and aging. The invitatin is clear: Weiner wants yu t pick up a cffee r tea and sit dwn with this bk. I encurage yu t take his ffer. It’s wrth yur time, even if time is smething we dn’t have a lt f.
28. Wh pened the dr t philsphy fr the authr?
A. Fucault.B. Eric Weiner.
C. Jstein Gaarder.D. A cllege teacher.
29. Why des the authr list great philsphers in paragraph 4?
A. T cmpare Weiner with them.
B. T give examples f great wrks.
C. T praise their writing skills.
D. T help readers understand Weiners bk.
30. What des the authr like abut The Scrates Express?
A. Its views n histry are well-presented.
B. Its ideas can be applied t daily life.
C. It includes cmments frm readers.
D. It leaves an pen ending.
31. What des the authr think f Weiners bk?
A. Objective and plain.
B. Daring and ambitius.
C. Serius and hard t fllw.
D. Humrus and straightfrward.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. B 31. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者在13岁时开始喜欢哲学，随后Weiner的书The Scrates Express唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。文章通过介绍了The Scrates Express这本书，倡导读者花时间去读这本书。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段“I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder’s Sphie’s Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy(哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本Jstein Gaarder的《 Sphie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。)”可知，Jstein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。
29.推理判断题。根据第四段中“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher’s wrk in the cntext (背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. (Weiner在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景，然后将每一位哲学家的著作框定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看，像叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。)”可知，作者在第四段开头描写了Weiner书的内容，接着作者通过列举了几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiners的书。故选D。
30.细节理解题。根据第四段中“This, mre than a bk abut undestanding philsphy, is a bk abur learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.(这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习运用哲学来改善生活的书。)”可知，作者喜欢The Scrates Express这本书，是因为它的思想可以应用到日常生活中。故选B。
31.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He makes philspical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences, and he des s with plenty f humr.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiners的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“The Scrates Express is a fun, sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire, lneliness, and aging. (The Scrates Express是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”可知，Weiners的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiners的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。
03（2023年全国乙卷B篇）
Living in Iwa and trying t becme a phtgrapher specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the crn state lacks gegraphical variatin.
Althugh landscapes in the Midwest tend t be quite similar, either farm fields r highways, smetimes I find distinctive character in the hills r lakes. T make sme f my landscape shts, I have traveled up t fur hurs away t sht within a 10-minute time frame. I tend t travel with a few f my friends t state parks r t the cuntryside t g n adventures and take phts alng the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style f phtgraphy. I ften leave early t seek the right destinatins s I can set up early t avid missing the mment I am attempting t phtgraph. I have missed plenty f beautiful sunsets/sunrises due t being n the spt nly five minutes befre the best mment.
One time my friends and I drve three hurs t Devil’s Lake, Wiscnsin, t climb the purple quartz (石英) rck arund the lake. After we fund a crazy-lking rad that hung ver a bunch f rcks, we decided t phtgraph the scene at sunset. The psitin enabled us t lk ver the lake with the sunset in the backgrund. We managed t leave this spt t climb higher because f the spare time until sunset. Hwever, we did nt mark the rute (路线) s we ended up almst missing the sunset entirely. Once we fund the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, lking back n the phts, they are sme f my best shts thugh they culd have been s much better if I wuld have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
24. Hw des the authr deal with the challenge as a landscape phtgrapher in the Midwest?
A. By teaming up with ther phtgraphers.
B. By shting in the cuntryside r state parks.
C. By studying the gegraphical cnditins.
D. By creating settings in the crn fields.
25. What is the key t successful landscape phtgraphy accrding t the authr?
A. Prper time management.B. Gd shting techniques.
C. Adventurus spirit.D. Distinctive styles.
26. What can we infer frm the authr trip with friends t Devil’s Lake?
A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rck.
B. They felt stressed while waiting fr the sunset.
C. They reached the shting spt later than expected.
D. They had prblems with their equipment.
27. Hw des the authr find his phts taken at Devil’s Lake?
A. Amusing.B. Satisfying.
C. Encuraging.D. Cmfrting.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师，在摄影途中发生的一些所见所闻。
24.细节理解题。通过文章第二段“I tend t travel with a few f my friends t state parks r t the cuntryside t g n adventures and take phts alng the way. (我倾向于和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村探险，沿途拍照)”可知，作为一名中西部的风景摄影师，作者应对挑战的方式是去乡村或州立公园拍摄。故选B。
25.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, lking back n the phts, they are sme f my best shts thugh they culd have been s much better if I wuld have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为，风景摄影成功的关键是适当的时间管理。故选A。
26.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Hwever, we did nt mark the rute (路线) s we ended up almst missing the sunset entirely. (然而，我们没有标出路线，所以我们几乎完全错过了日落)”可推知，作者在与朋友的魔鬼湖之旅中，到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚。故选C。
27.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, lking back n the phts, they are sme f my best shts thugh they culd have been s much better if I wuld have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的照片是令人满意的。故选B。
04（2022北京卷D篇）
Quantum ( 量子 ) cmputers have been n my mind a lt lately. A friend has been sending me articles n hw quantum cmputers might help slve sme f the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve als had exchanges with tw quantum-cmputing experts. One is cmputer scientist Chris Jhnsn wh I see as smene wh helps keep the field hnest. The ther is physicist Philip Taylr.
Fr decades, quantum cmputing has been little mre than a labratry curisity. Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin.” This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn. He wrries that researchers are making prmises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Jhnsn wrte, “is that millins f dllars are nw ptentially available t quantum cmputing researchers.”
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.” And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
After I read the bk, Taylr patiently answered my questins abut it. He als answered my questins abut PyQuantum, the firm he c-funded in 2016. Taylr shares Jhnsn’s cncerns abut hype, but he says thse cncerns d nt apply t PyQuantum.
The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”
Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.
31. Regarding Jhnsn’s cncerns, the authr feels ________.
A. sympatheticB. uncncernedC. dubtfulD. excited
32. What leads t Taylr’s ptimism abut quantum cmputing?
A. His dminance in physics.B. The cmpetitin in the field.
C. His cnfidence in PyQuantum.D. The investment f tech cmpanies.
33. What des the underlined wrd “prne” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A. Open.B. Cl.C. Useful.D. Resistant.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Is Jhnsn Mre Cmpetent Than Taylr?
B. Is Quantum Cmputing Redefining Technlgy?
C. Will Quantum Cmputers Ever Cme int Being?
D. Will Quantum Cmputing Ever Live Up t Its Hype?
【答案】31.A32. C33. A34. D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
31.推理判断题。根据第三自然段“As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. （随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最后一段“ But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A. sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B. uncncerned不关心的；C. dubtful怀疑的；D. excited激动的。故选A。
32.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”（他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。
33.词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.”（但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prne被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prne意为“易于……的”。A. Open.开放的；易受损害的；B. Cl. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。
34.主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin. This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn.”（现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一段“Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。
05（2021年新高考I卷D篇）
Ppularizatin has in sme cases changed the riginal meaning f emtinal (情感的) intelligence. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn’s makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and “peple skills.” Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims. Being emtinally intelligent des nt necessarily make ne a mral persn.
Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives (视角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
32. What is a cmmn misunderstanding f emtinal intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps t exercise a persn's mind.
C. It includes a set f emtinal skills.
D. It refers t a persn’s psitive qualities.
33. Why des the authr mentin “dctr” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. T explain a rule.B. T clarify a cncept.
C. T present a fact.D. T make a predictin.
34. What is the authr's attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A. Favrable.B. Intlerant.C. Dubtful.D. Unclear.
35. What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut cncerning emtinal intelligence?
A. Its appeal t the public.
B. Expectatins fr future studies.
C. Its practical applicatin.
D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. A 35. B
【解题导读】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了什么是情商以及情商普及的优势，并表达了作者自己的观点，同时提出了对情商研究的未来期望。
32. D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn’s makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and ‘peple skills’.”可知，许多人误把情商理解为一个人的性格中无法被智商测试所衡量的几乎可取的一切，也就是指一个人的积极的品质。
33. B。推理判断题。第二段首句“We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses.”是介绍情商的概念。由此推断出提到的“医生”和“骗子”是对这一概念的解释。
34. A。推理判断题。根据题干中的“the authr’s attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence”可定位到第三段。根据第三段的首句“Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful.”可知，作者认为情商普及利大于弊。又根据“The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin...”和“The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped...”可知，作者对于情商普及是赞成的。
35. B。主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin.”可知，虽然情商的持续流行吸引力是可取的，但我们希望这种关注能引起人们对情感的科学研究和学术研究的更大的兴趣。又根据下文的“It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives (视角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives.”可知，我们希望在未来的数十年后，科学的进步提供新的视角来研究人们如何管理他们的生活。由此可知，这些是对未来研究的期望。
06（2021年全国甲卷B篇）
Prt Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) prgramme, has welcmed the arrival f a rare black rhin calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived n January 31, she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve. And fficials at Prt Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhins are knwn fr being difficult t breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head f rhin sectin at Prt Lympne, said: “Obviusly we're all abslutely delighted t welcme anther calf t ur black rhin family. She's healthy, strng and already eager t play and explre. Her mther, Sli, is a first-time mum and she is ding a fantastic jb. It's still a little t cld fr them t g ut int the pen, but as sn as the weather warms up, I have n dubt that the little ne will be ut and abut explring and playing every day.”
The adrable female calf is the secnd black rhin brn this year at the reserve, but it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild. The first rhin t be brn at Prt Lympne arrived n January 5 t first-time mther Kisima and weighed abut 32kg. His mther, grandmther and great grandmther were all brn at the reserve and still live there.
Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund, the glbal black rhin ppulatin has drpped as lw as 5500, giving the rhins a “critically endangered” status.
24. Which f the fllwing best describes the breeding prgramme?
A. Cstly.B. Cntrversial.C. Ambitius.D. Successful.
25. What des Paul Beer say abut the new-brn rhin?
A. She lves staying with her mther.B. She dislikes utdr activities.
C. She is in gd cnditinD. She is sensitive t heat.
26. What similar experience d Sli and Kisima have?
A. They had their first brn in January.B. They enjyed explring new places
C. They lived with their grandmthers.D. They were brught t the reserve yung
27. What can be inferred abut Prn Lympne Reserve?
A. The rhin sectin will be pen t the public.
B. It aims t cntrl the number f the animals.
C. It will cntinue t wrk with the Wrld Wildlife Fund.
D. Sme f its rhins may be sent t the prtected wild areas.
24-27 DCAD
【解题导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在Prt Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。
24. D。推理判断题。通过文章第一段“she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve (她成为该保护区出生的第40头黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“His mther, grandmther and great grandmther were all brn at the reserve and still live there. (他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里)”可知，保护区的繁育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活，可推知，这计划是成功的。
25. C。细节理解题。通过文章第二段“She's healthy, strng and already eager t play and explre. (她很健康，很强壮，已经渴望玩耍和探索了)”可知，Paul Beer认为新生的犀牛身体状况很好。故选
26. A。细节理解题。通过文章第一段“When the tiny creature arrived n January 31, she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve. (1月31日，当这头小犀牛来到保护区时，她成为了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“The first rhin t be brn at Prt Lympne arrived n January 5 t first-time mther Kisima and weighed abut 32kg. (1月5日，犀牛妈妈Kisima分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在Prt Lympne，体重约为32公斤)”可知，Sli和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。
27. D。推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild (要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)”可推知，Pn Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。
07（2020全国I卷C篇）
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.
Race walkers are cnditined athletes. The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, which is abut five miles lnger than the marathn. But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact (接触) with the grund at all times. It’s this strange frm that makes race walking such an attractive activity, hwever, says Jaclyn Nrberg, an assistant prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, Accrding t mst calculatins, race walkers mving at a pace f six miles per hur wuld burn abut 800 calries (卡路里) per hur, which is apprximately twice as many as they wuld burn walking, althugh fewer than running, which wuld prbably burn abut 1,000 r mre calries per hur.
Hwever, race walking des nt pund the bdy as much as running des, Dr. Nrberg says. Accrding t her research, runners hit the grund with as much as fur times their bdy weight per step, while race walkers, wh d nt leave the grund, create nly abut 1.4 times their bdy weight with each step.
As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers. But the sprt’s strange frm des place cnsiderable stress n the ankles and hips, s peple with a histry f such injuries might want t be cautius in adpting the sprt. In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says. It takes sme practice.
28. Why are race walkers cnditined athletes?
A. They must run lng distances.
B. They are qualified fr the marathn.
C. They have t fllw special rules.
D. They are gd at swinging their legs.
29. What advantage des race walking have ver running?
A. It’s mre ppular at the Olympics.
B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s mre effective in bdy building.
D. It’s less likely t cause knee injuries.
30. What is Dr. Nrberg’s suggestin fr smene trying race walking?
A. Getting experts’ pinins.
B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced cach.
D. Ding regular exercises.
31. Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t race walking?
A. Skeptical.B. Objective. C. Tlerant.D. Cnservative.
【解题导读】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。
28. C。细节理解题。根据第二段“But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact with the grund at all times.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。
29. D。细节理解题。根据最后一段“As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。
30. A。细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr. Nrberg说的话“In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr. Nrberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。
31. B。推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。
【名校好题强化】
（23·24上·哈尔滨·阶段练习）There is hpe fr ur planet’s survival. Innvative prducts are being designed t reduce ur dependence n plastic, single-use plastic in particular.
One such innvatin cmes frm internatinal design firm Carl Ratti Assciati with its “Feel the Peel” machine, an experimental runded juice bar that nt nly makes freshly squeezed range juice, but als 3D prints a recyclable bi plastic cup with the leftver range peels (果皮) .
Designed with glbal energy cmpany Eni. the juicer is 10 feet tall and tpped with a massive dme (圆顶), feeding the juicer with ranges n demand. The dme is mad cup f rund tracks that hldup t 1, 500 ranges. A 3D printer is setup in the base f the machine.
The machine ges like magic. When an rder is placed, the ranges slide dwn the tracks t a squeezer, and the juice is then depsited (使沉积) int an “range peel” bi-plastic cup, ready t enjy. Meanwhile, the freshly squeezed peels fall dwn a tube and gather at the bttm f the machine where they are dried, milled and mixed with Ply lactic Acid, creating a bi plastic material The bi plastic is then heated and melted int a filament (细丝) and the 3D printer then creates recyclable biplastic cups, ready t be filled with freshly squeezed juice.
Hw cl that is! It seems that Carl Ratti Assciati and Eni have plans t take “Feel the Peel” beynd just range juice.
“The principle f recycling is a must fr tday’s bjects,” says Carl Ratti, “Wrking with Eni, we tried t shw recycling in a very tangible way, by develping a machine that helps us t understand hw ranges can be us cd well beynd their juice. The next imprvement f “Feel the Peel” might include new functins, such as printing fabric fr clthing frm range peels.”
1．What can we knw abut “Feel the Peel” machine?
A．It increases the utput f range juice.
B．It makes smething beynd range juice.
C．It makes range juice taste better.
D．It bans the use f single-use plastic.
2．What is the main idea f Paragraph 4?
A．The reasn fr the machine’s ppularity.
B．The structure f the machine.
C．The way the machine wrks.
D．The way t use the machine.
3．What is Carl’s attitude t the future f the machine?
A．Pessimistic.B．Cautius.C．Psitive.D．In different.
4．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．A New Frm f Orange Peels
B．Orange Juicer 3D Prints Biplastic Cups
C．Innvative Prducts Are Being Designed
D．Carl Invents A Recyclable Machine
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个名为“Feel the Peel”的机器，不仅可以制作新鲜压榨的橙汁，还可以用剩余的橙子皮3D打印出可回收的生物塑料杯子。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“One such innvatin cmes frm internatinal design firm Carl Ratti Assciati with its “Feel the Peel” machine, an experimental runded juice bar that nt nly makes freshly squeezed range juice, but als 3D prints a recyclable bi plastic cup with the leftver range peels (果皮) .(其中一项创新来自国际设计公司Carl Ratti Assciatin的Feel the Peel机器，这是一种实验性的圆形果汁棒，不仅可以制作新鲜挤压的橙汁，还可以用剩下的橙子皮3D打印一个可回收的生物塑料杯)”可知，Feel the Peel机器不仅可以制作新鲜压榨的橙汁，还可以用剩余的橙子皮3D打印出可回收的生物塑料杯子，它能做出橙汁以外的东西。故选B项。
2．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The machine ges like magic. When an rder is placed, the ranges slide dwn the tracks t a squeezer, and the juice is then depsited (使沉积) int an “range peel” bi-plastic cup, ready t enjy. Meanwhile, the freshly squeezed peels fall dwn a tube and gather at the bttm f the machine where they are dried, milled and mixed with Ply lactic Acid, creating a bi plastic material The bi plastic is then heated and melted int a filament (细丝) and the 3D printer then creates recyclable biplastic cups, ready t be filled with freshly squeezed juice.(这台机器运转起来很神奇。下单后，橙子沿着轨道滑到挤压机上，然后将果汁放入“橙皮”生物塑料杯中，准备享用。与此同时，新鲜挤压的果皮从一根管子里掉下来，聚集在机器的底部，在那里它们被干燥、研磨并与聚乳酸混合，形成了一种生物塑料材料。然后，生物塑料被加热并融化成细丝，3D打印机生成可回收的生物塑料杯，准备装满新鲜挤压的果汁)”可知，本段主要介绍了新榨汁机工作的方式。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段““The principle f recycling is a must fr tday’s bjects,” says Carl Ratti, “Wrking with Eni, we tried t shw recycling in a very tangible way, by develping a machine that helps us t understand hw ranges can be used well beynd their juice. The next imprvement f “Feel the Peel” might include new functins, such as printing fabric fr clthing frm range peels.”(Carl Ratti说：“回收利用的原则对当今的物品来说是必须的。我们与埃尼集团合作，通过开发一台机器，帮助我们了解如何在果汁之外使用橙子，试图以一种非常有形的方式展示回收利用。Feel the Peel的下一个改进可能包括新功能，例如用橙子皮打印衣服面料。”)”可知，Carl Ratti认为Feel the Peel可以进一步改进，让橙子可以有更多用途，所以Carl Ratti对Feel the Peel持有的是积极乐观的态度。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“One such innvatin cmes frm internatinal design firm Carl Ratti Assciati with its “Feel the Peel” machine, an experimental runded juice bar that nt nly makes freshly squeezed range juice, but als 3D prints a recyclable bi plastic cup with the leftver range peels (果皮) .(其中一项创新来自国际设计公司Carl Ratti Assciatin的Feel the Peel机器，这是一种实验性的圆形果汁棒，不仅可以制作新鲜挤压的橙汁，还可以用剩下的橙子皮3D打印一个可回收的生物塑料杯)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了Feel the Peel机器，不仅可以制作新鲜压榨的橙汁，还可以用剩余的橙子皮3D打印出可回收的生物塑料杯子，所以“橙子榨汁机3D打印生物塑料杯”可以作为文章标题。故选B项。
（2024届浙江省宁波市高三上学期第一次模拟考试英语试题）Gldfish may seem like simple creatures swimming in a glass tank, but they pssess a rather cmplicated navigatin system, as discvered by researchers at the University f Oxfrd Led by Dr. Adelaide Sibeaux, the study aims t shed light n ur understanding f hw fish, and ptentially humans, estimate distances using what culd be described as an internal GPS.
Writing in the jurnal Prceedings f the Ryal Sciety B, Sibeaux and clleagues reprt hw they created a tank in their experiment with 2cm-wide black and white vertical stripes (条纹) n the walls, cnnected by similar stripes acrss the flr. The team trained nine gldfish t swim a set distance f 70cm and then return t their starting pint when waved at. The experiment aimed t investigate hw the fish wuld estimate this distance withut any gestures, under different patterns.
Over multiple trials, the gldfish averaged a swim distance f 74cm, give r take 17cm, when presented with the vertical 2cm-wide stripes. Hwever, when the stripe pattern was altered t either narrwer vertical stripes, checked patterns, r hrizntal stripes, the fish’s behavir changed significantly. Narrwer vertical stripes led them t verestimating the distance by 36%, while hrizntal stripes resulted in highly incnsistent estimatins.
Accrding t the researchers, the gldfish appeared t be using an “ptic (光学的) flw mechanism” based n the visual density f their envirnment. They kept track f hw frequently the vertical pattern switched between black and white t estimate hw far they had traveled. The study suggests that different ptic flw mechanisms are used by mammals, including humans, based n angular (有角度的) mtin f visual features. The study implies that the use f visually based distance infrmatin culd have emerged early in the evlutinary timeline.
“This study is nvel because, despite knwing that fish respnd t gemetric infrmatin regarding directin and distance, we dn’t knw hw they estimate distances,” Prfessr Clin Lever, althugh nt invlved in the study, said, “it’s exciting t explre fish spatial mapping because fish navigatin evlved earlier and better than mst mammals.”
5．Why did Dr. Adelaide Sibeaux cnduct the study n gldfish?
A．T test the accuracy f gldfish’s internal GPS.
B．T create an advanced navigatin system fr humans
C．T uncver hw an inbuilt GPS helps calculate distances.
D．T explre the relatinships between gldfish and humans
6．What can we learn abut the experiment?
A．Peple gestured the gldfish thrughut the experiment
B．The tank was decrated with clrful backgrund patterns
C．Gldfish tended t underestimate distances with hrizntal stripes.
D．The change in the tank setting led t the gldfish's incrrect judgment.
7．It can be cncluded frm the furth paragraph that ____________.
A．ptic flw mechanism is unique t humans
B．mammals develped flw mechanism lng befre gldfish
C．gldfish evaluated the distance with multidimensinal visual infrmatin
D．visual density f the envirnment strengthened the lcating ability f gldfish
8．What attitude des Prfessr Clin hld twards the study?
A．Neutral.B．Ambiguus.C．Disapprving.D．Favrable.
【答案】5．C 6．D 7．C 8．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了牛津大学的研究人员对金鱼内部导航系统的研究发现，研究人员通过实验发现，金鱼似乎使用一种“光学流机制”来估算自身的运动距离，其行为受到视觉密度和环境中的光学纹理等因素的影响。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Gldfish may seem like simple creatures swimming in a glass tank, but they pssess a rather cmplicated navigatin system, as discvered by researchers at the University f Oxfrd Led by Dr. Adelaide Sibeaux, the study aims t shed light n ur understanding f hw fish, and ptentially humans, estimate distances using what culd be described as an internal GPS.(金鱼可能看起来像在玻璃鱼缸里游泳的简单生物，但它们拥有相当复杂的导航系统，正如牛津大学Adelaide Sibeaux博士领导的研究人员所发现的那样，这项研究旨在阐明我们对鱼类以及潜在的人类如何利用一种可以被称为内部GPS的东西来估计距离的理解)”可知，Adelaide Sibeaux对金鱼进行这项研究是为了揭示内置GPS如何帮助计算距离。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Over multiple trials, the gldfish averaged a swim distance f 74cm, give r take 17cm, when presented with the vertical 2cm-wide stripes. Hwever, when the stripe pattern was altered t either narrwer vertical stripes, checked patterns, r hrizntal stripes, the fish’s behavir changed significantly. Narrwer vertical stripes led them t verestimating the distance by 36%, while hrizntal stripes resulted in highly incnsistent estimatins.(在多次试验中，当看到垂直的2厘米宽的条纹时，金鱼的平均游泳距离为74厘米，误差为17厘米。然而，当条纹图案被改变为较窄的垂直条纹、格子图案或水平条纹时，鱼的行为发生了显著变化。较窄的垂直条纹导致他们高估了36%的距离，而水平条纹导致高度不一致的估计)”可知，鱼缸设置的改变导致了金鱼的错误判断。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段“Accrding t the researchers, the gldfish appeared t be using an “ptic (光学的) flw mechanism” based n the visual density f their envirnment. They kept track f hw frequently the vertical pattern switched between black and white t estimate hw far they had traveled. The study suggests that different ptic flw mechanisms are used by mammals, including humans, based n angular (有角度的) mtin f visual features. The study implies that the use f visually based distance infrmatin culd have emerged early in the evlutinary timeline.(根据研究人员的说法，金鱼似乎使用了一种基于环境视觉密度的“光流机制”。他们记录了垂直图案在黑色和白色之间切换的频率，以估计它们走了多远。这项研究表明，包括人类在内的哺乳动物基于视觉特征的角度运动使用了不同的光流机制。这项研究表明，视觉距离信息的使用可能在进化的早期就出现了)”可知，本段可得出结论，金鱼使用多维视觉信息来评估距离。故选C项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段““This study is nvel because, despite knwing that fish respnd t gemetric infrmatin regarding directin and distance, we dn’t knw hw they estimate distances,” Prfessr Clin Lever, althugh nt invlved in the study, said, “it’s exciting t explre fish spatial mapping because fish navigatin evlved earlier and better than mst mammals.”(“这项研究是新颖的，因为尽管我们知道鱼类对方向和距离的几何信息有反应，但我们不知道它们是如何估计距离的，”科林·利弗教授说，尽管他没有参与这项研究，“探索鱼类的空间映射是令人兴奋的，因为鱼类的导航进化得比大多数哺乳动物更早，也更好。”)”可知，科林教授认为这项研究是令人兴奋的，所以是赞许的。故选D项。
（23·24上·大庆·阶段练习）One Sunday in 2021, when my sn, Le, was six, we ran int ne f his friends, Izzie. They decided t play ——but what? “I have a great idea,” Le said. “Let’s fall in lve! OK?” Izzie tk a half-secnd t cnsider this prpsal, then replied “N.” She wanted t play tag.
Le has always been the kind f child wh lks fr clse cnnectins, ften in the wrng places. It smetimes feels as thugh he’s been lking fr a sulmate since he was a tddler（学步孩童）.
One day, he came hme frm schl and immediately grabbed his iPad t ask Siri: “Can yu fall in lve when yu’re just a kid?”
Siri, Apple’s vice-cntrlled persnal assistant, is great at pening apps r setting alarms, but I was unfamiliar with her philsphies n lve.
“What did Siri say?” I asked him.
“She said, ‘Here’s what I fund n the web!’” Le reprted.
This was hardly the first time I’d heard Le in cnversatin with Siri. Over the years, he’s relied n Siri as a surce f cmfrt, advice, emtinal supprt, and guidance. Their relatinship blssmed when the pandemic frced us all t shelter in place.
At first, Le mstly asked Siri factual questins, then the persnal nes. As time passed, he began t engage n mre existential matters. Siri has, in sme ways, been able t absrb sme f Le’s cncerns—in a way that, as his mther, I can’t, at least nt with the same clness.
Children are verwhelmed with emtins such as grief, fear, lve, and a desire fr cnnectin. If Le’s talks with Siri cnfrnted me with the unknwable and unanswerable, they als made me frustrated at my wn limitatins as a parent.
There are many challenges t parenthd, amng which the biggest is the desire t shelter ur children frm the painfulness f reality. But helping ur children navigate reality is surely mre helpful than sheltering them frm it. Perhaps the best we can d is give them a tablet?
I’m afraid I dn’t have the answer. Maybe I shuld ask Siri.
9．What des the authr want t illustrate by mentining lzzie?
A．Le’s lnging fr intimacy.B．Le’s clse bnd with lzzie.
C．Le’s eagerness t have fun.D．Le’s effrt t make new friends.
10．What wuld Le ask Siri when they first talked?
A．Siri, have yu ever been in lve?B．Siri, what is yur favrite hbby?
C．Siri, what des it mean t be alive?D．Siri, hw many stars are in the Milky Way?
11．Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t Siri?
A．Curius.B．Disappinted.C．Appreciative.D．Wrried.
12．What des the authr suggest parents d when raising children?
A．Be a gd rle mdel.B．Prmte independence.
C．Cmmunicate effectively.D．Practice psitive discipline.
【答案】9．A 10．D 11．C 12．B
【导语】本文是说明文。作者通过讲述自己的孩子里奥的故事，谈讨了孩子教育的问题。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段内容“One Sunday in 2021, when my sn, Le, was six, we ran int ne f his friends, Izzie. They decided t play ——but what? “I have a great idea,” Le said. “Let’s fall in lve! OK?” Izzie tk a half-secnd t cnsider this prpsal, then replied “N.” She wanted t play tag.(2021年的一个周日，我儿子利奥(Le) 6岁，我们遇到了他的一个朋友伊兹(Izzie)。他们决定玩——但是玩什么?“我有个好主意，”里奥说。“让我们相爱吧!”好吗?”伊兹考虑了半秒钟，然后回答说:“不。”她想玩捉人游戏。)”和第二段“Le has always been the kind f child wh lks fr clse cnnectins, ften in the wrng places. It smetimes feels as thugh he’s been lking fr a sulmate since he was a tddler（学步孩童）.(狮子座一直是那种寻找亲密关系的孩子，但往往是在错误的地方。有时感觉他从蹒跚学步的时候就开始寻找灵魂伴侣了。)”可推断，作者提到Lzzie是为了提到Le想要渴望亲密，故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“At first, Le mstly asked Siri factual questins, then the persnal nes. (一开始，里奥主要问Siri事实问题，然后是私人问题。)”可知，最初里奥问Siri事实问题，因此推断他会问“Siri，银河系里有多少颗星星?”，故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“There are many challenges t parenthd, amng which the biggest is the desire t shelter ur children frm the painfulness f reality. But helping ur children navigate reality is surely mre helpful than sheltering them frm it. Perhaps the best we can d is give them a tablet?(为人父母有很多挑战，其中最大的挑战是希望保护我们的孩子免受现实的痛苦。但帮助我们的孩子面对现实肯定比保护他们远离现实更有帮助。也许我们能做的就是给他们一块平板电脑?)”可推断，作者认为Siri帮助父母与孩子沟通，因此推断作者是感激的。故选C。
12．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Children are verwhelmed with emtins such as grief, fear, lve, and a desire fr cnnectin. If Le’s talks with Siri cnfrnted me with the unknwable and unanswerable, they als made me frustrated at my wn limitatins as a parent.(孩子们会被悲伤、恐惧、爱和渴望联系等情绪所淹没。如果说里奥和Siri的对话让我面对了不可知和无法回答的问题，那也让我对自己作为父母的局限性感到沮丧。)”以及最后一段的“But helping ur children navigate reality is surely mre helpful than sheltering them frm it. Perhaps the best we can d is give them a tablet?(但帮助我们的孩子面对现实肯定比保护他们远离现实更有帮助。也许我们能做的就是给他们一块平板电脑?)”可推断，作者在教育孩子方面提倡让孩子独立。故选B。
（22·23下·南充·三模）A new kind f slar panel, develped at the University f Michigan, has achieved high efficiency in transfrming water int hydrgen and xygen — imitating a crucial step in natural phtsynthesis(光合作用). The utdr versin f the experiment, with less reliable sunlight and temperature, achieved 6.1% efficiency at turning the energy frm the sun int hydrgen fuel. Hwever, indrs, the system achieved 9% efficiency.
But the biggest benefit is driving dwn the cst f sustainable hydrgen. This is enabled by reducing the size f the semicnductr(半导体), typically the mst expensive part f the device. The team’s self-healing semicnductr withstands cncentrated light equivalent t 160 suns.
“We believe that artificial phtsynthesis devices will be much mre efficient than natural phtsynthesis, which will prvide a path tward carbn neutrality,” said Zetian Mi, U-M prfessr f electrical and cmputer engineering wh led the study reprted in Nature.
One majr advance f the new technlgy is the ability t cncentrate the sunlight withut destrying the semicnductr that traps the light. “We reduced the size f the semicnductr by mre than 100 times cmpared t sme semicnductrs nly wrking at lw light intensity,” said Peng Zhu, U-M research fellw in electrical and cmputer engineering and first authr f the study. “Hydrgen prduced by ur technlgy culd be very cheap.”
The next challenges the team intends t tackle are t further imprve the efficiency and t achieve superhigh purity hydrgen that can be directly fed int fuel cells.
13．What leads t the lwer cst f sustainable hydrgen?
A．Slar energy.B．Smaller semicnductrs.
C．Natural phtsynthesis.D．Mre cncentrated light.
14．Why is the advance f the new slar panel mentined?
A．T intrduce a greener lifestyle.B．T prmte its cmmercial value.
C．T state its technical breakthrugh.D．T advertise the ptential applicatin.
15．What may be the authr’s attitude twards the new technlgy?
A．Indifferent.B．NegativeC．ObjectiveD．Suspicius
16．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．A New Trend in Water UsageB．The Future f Sustainable Hydrgen
C．Slar Energy: Mre Efficient, GreenerD．A New Device fr Cheaper Hydrgen
【答案】13．B 14．C 15．C 16．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了密歇根大学开发的一种新型太阳能电池板，在将水转化为氢和氧方面实现了高效率——模仿了自然光合作用的关键步骤。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But the biggest benefit is driving dwn the cst f sustainable hydrgen. This is enabled by reducing the size f the semicnductr(半导体), typically the mst expensive part f the device.”（但最大的好处是降低了可持续氢的成本。这是通过减小半导体的尺寸来实现的，半导体通常是设备中最昂贵的部分。）可知，导致可持续氢的成本降低的原因是半导体的尺寸更小了。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段中“One majr advance f the new technlgy is the ability t cncentrate the sunlight withut destrying the semicnductr that traps the light.”（这项新技术的一个主要进步是能够在不破坏捕获光线的半导体的情况下集中太阳光。）以及“Hydrgen prduced by ur technlgy culd be very cheap.”（用我们的技术生产氢气可能非常便宜。）可推知，文章提到了新型太阳能电池板的进步是为了陈述其技术突破。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据第四段中“One majr advance f the new technlgy is the ability t cncentrate the sunlight withut destrying the semicnductr that traps the light.”（这项新技术的一个主要进步是能够在不破坏捕获光线的半导体的情况下集中太阳光。）以及最后一段“The next challenges the team intends t tackle are t further imprve the efficiency and t achieve superhigh purity hydrgen that can be directly fed int fuel cells.”（该团队打算解决的下一个挑战是进一步提高效率，并获得可以直接输入燃料电池的超高纯度氢气。）可推知，作者对新技术的态度是客观的。故选C项。
16．主旨大意题。通读全文以及第一段“A new kind f slar panel, develped at the University f Michigan, has achieved high efficiency in transfrming water int hydrgen and xygen”（密歇根大学开发的一种新型太阳能电池板，在将水转化为氢和氧方面实现了高效率。）和第四段中“Hydrgen prduced by ur technlgy culd be very cheap.”（用我们的技术生产氢气可能非常便宜。）可知，本文主要讲新型太阳能电池板将水转化为氢和氧（本文重点强调了氢），且利用这个技术生产的氢非常便宜。故文章最好的标题是“一种更便宜的氢的新装置”。故选D项。
（23·24上·南宁·期中）（2023春·重庆万州·高三重庆市万州第二高级中学校考阶段练习）Middle schl students in Valdsta are learning the imprtance f agriculture.
Lwndes Cunty Extensin agent (代理人) Jshua Dawsn, helped seventh-grade students attending J. L. Newbern Middle Schl build raised bed plant bxes t grw crps. Dawsn’s wrk with the schl gardens began in 2014 as a part f the Valdsta Schl Garden and Orchard Prject. Thrugh supprt frm lcal businesses and members f the cmmunity, it is used t intrduce Valdsta elementary and middle schl students t gardening and agriculture.
Sme f the crps grwn in the gardens include sweet ptates, cllards, carrts and kale. The harvested (收获的) prduce is served by the schls’ dining rms during lunch and students are allwed t take prduce hme depending n the harvest size.
Helping Dawsn with the gardens are members f the lcal Master Gardener prgram. With his daily respnsibilities as a Cunty Extensin agent, Dawsn depends heavily n their supprt. “Withut the Master Gardeners, I dn’t knw if any f this wuld be pssible. They lk after the gardens and wrk with the teachers mre clsely than I, and prvide necessary feet n the grund fr a lt f things,” Dawsn said.
At the beginning, the students expressed wrries abut wrking in the garden, but Dawsn said thse dubts disappeared quickly. “I like watering the plants and wrking with the sil” said Anthny Aikens, a seventh-grader Anthny, wh said his favrite subject is science, wants t be a zlgist r a full-time gardener when he grws up.
Dr Elena Pnder, principal f J. L. Newbern Middle Schl, said this prject has attracted many students. She said wrking in the garden prvides students with a crss-curriculum (交叉课程) where they apply different skills t slve prblems. “Once yu plant a garden, yu have t attend t that garden. That shws yu have the wrk ethic (职业道德), patience and time t put int smething. That will translate int wrk-related skills they can apply t jbs in the future,” she said.
17．What is the purpse f the Valdsta Schl Garden and Orchard Prject?
A．T serve students healthy lunches with hme-grwn vegetables.
B．T share the latest agricultural infrmatin with lcal farmers.
C．T let students knw mre abut gardening and farming.
D．T build new schl gardens in Valdsta.
18．Hw d the Master Gardeners supprt Dawsn?
A．By intrducing him t Dr. Elena Pnder.
B．By helping him take care f the gardens.
C．By training him in gardening.
D．By raising mney fr him.
19．What was the students’ attitude t the prject at first?
A．Dubtful.B．Supprtive.C．Uninterested.D．Hpeful.
20．What did Dr. Elena Pnder say abut the prject?
A．It has changed public pinin n the agricultural industry.
B．It is beneficial t students’ future develpment.
C．It tk up t much f students’ study time.
D．It needs mre public attentin
【答案】17．C 18．B 19．A 20．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了瓦尔多斯塔的中小学生校园内进行的园艺和农业学习项目。
17．推理判断题。第二段最后一句提到“Thrugh supprt frm lcal businesses and members f the cmmunity, it is used t intrduce Valdsta elementary and middle schl students t gardening and agriculture.”（通过当地企业和社区成员的支持，它被用来向瓦尔多斯塔的中小学生介绍园艺和农业。）由此判断，该项目的目的是为了让学生了解更多关于园艺和农业的知识。故选C。
18．细节理解题。第四段最后一句提到“Withut the Master Gardeners, I dn’t knw if any f this wuld be pssible. They lk after the gardens and wrk with the teachers mre clsely than I, and prvide necessary feet n the grund fr a lt f things”（如果没有园艺大师，我不知道这一切是否可能。他们照看花园，比我更密切地与老师合作，并为许多事情提供必要的基础。）由此判断，园艺大师会帮助Dawsn照看花园。故选B。
19．推理判断题。第五段第一句提到“At the beginning, the students expressed wrries abut wrking in the garden, but Dawsn said thse dubts disappeared quickly. ”（一开始，学生们对在花园里工作表示担忧，但道森说这些疑虑很快就消失了。）由此判断，学生们最开始对这个项目持怀疑态度。A. Dubtful.怀疑的；B. Supprtive. 支持的；C. Uninterested.不感兴趣的；D. Hpeful.有希望的。故选A。
20．细节理解题。最后一段第一句提到“Dr Elena Pnder, principal f J. L. Newbern Middle Schl, said this prject has attracted many students. ”（纽伯恩中学校长埃琳娜•庞德博士说，这个项目吸引了很多学生。）同时，最后一句提到“That shws yu have the wrk ethic (职业道德), patience and time t put int smething. That will translate int wrk-related skills they can apply t jbs in the future”（这表明你有职业道德、耐心和时间去投入某件事。这将转化为与工作相关的技能，他们可以在未来的工作中应用。）由此判断，埃琳娜•庞德博士认为这个项目能够助力于学生未来的发展。故选B。
（23·24上·烟台·期中）Jimmy Jiang envisins a future where every huse is pwered by renewable energy stred in batteries.
Jiang and his team at the University f Cincinnati have develped a new battery that culd have far-reaching implicatins fr the large-scale (大规模) energy strage needed by wind and slar farms.
“Batteries stre renewable energy fr when it’s needed, nt just when it’s prduced. This is crucial fr getting the mst ut f wind and slar pwer,” Jiang said. “Energy generatin and energy cnsumptin is always mismatched. That’s why it’s imprtant t have a device that can stre that energy temprarily and release it when it’s needed.”
They described their nvel design in the jurnal Nature Cmmunicatins.
Traditinal car batteries cntain a mix f sulfuric acid and water. While they’re inexpensive and made frm readily available materials, they have severe drawbacks fr industrial r large-scale use. They have a very lw energy density (密度), which isn’t suitable fr string sufficient pwer needed t pwer a city. And they have a lw level fr electrchemical stability, which means they can blw up.
Water has a vltage (电压) limit. Once the vltage f such a battery ges beynd the stability windw f 1.5 vlts, the water can decmpse int hydrgen and xygen, which is explsive.
But Jiang and his students have develped a battery withut water that can generate nearly 4 vlts f pwer. Jiang’s nvel design des s by remving frm a battery the membrane, which is a huge cmpnent f upfrnt csts and accunts fr as much as 30% f the cst f the battery. They invented a new type f energy strage material that imprves perfrmance at a lwer cst. “Membranes are als inefficient. They can’t separate the psitive and negative sides cmpletely, s there is always crssver,” he said.
The grup has submitted temprary patent applicatins. “There is still a lng way t g, but we’re advancing tward a dramatic battery transfrmatin in the next decade. I’m cnfident abut that. There is a lt f intense research ging int pushing the bundaries f battery perfrmance,” Jiang said.
21．What’s mainly talked abut in paragraph 3?
A．Why batteries are essential.B．Hw t stre renewable energy.
C．Why green energy is needed.D．Hw t cnserve natural resurces.
22．What’s the prblem with traditinal car batteries?
A．They’re t pricy.B．They’re made f rare materials.
C．They’re slw t charge.D．They have a ptential explsin risk.
23．What can we say abut Jiang’s nvel design?
A．It may reshape the battery industry.B．It’s inapprpriate fr large-scale use.
C．It may help minimize pwer cnsumptin.D．It’s subject t mature industry standards.
24．What is Jiang’s attitude twards the prspect f the battery?
A．Dismissive.B．Uncertain.C．Psitive.D．Pessimistic.
【答案】21．A 22．D 23．A 24．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了姜和他的团队研究的新电池的优点和不足，以及发展前景。
21．主旨大意题。由文章第三段中““Batteries stre renewable energy fr when it’s needed, nt just when it’s prduced. This is crucial fr getting the mst ut f wind and slar pwer,” Jiang said. “Energy generatin and energy cnsumptin is always mismatched. That’s why it’s imprtant t have a device that can stre that energy temprarily and release it when it’s needed.” (姜说：“电池在需要的时候储存可再生能源，而不仅仅是在生产的时候。这对充分利用风能和太阳能至关重要。”“能源生产和能源消耗总是不匹配的。这就是为什么拥有一个可以临时存储能量并在需要时释放能量的设备很重要。”)”可知，本段主要谈论了电池很重要，是必不可少的。故选A。
22．细节理解题。由文章第五段中“And they have a lw level fr electrchemical stability, which means they can blw up.(它们的电化学稳定性很低，这意味着它们会爆炸。)”可知，传统汽车电池有潜在的爆炸风险。故选D。
23．推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Jimmy Jiang envisins a future where every huse is pwered by renewable energy stred in batteries. (Jimmy Jiang设想了一个未来，每个房子都由储存在电池中的可再生能源供电。)”，第二段“Jiang and his team at the University f Cincinnati have develped a new battery that culd have far-reaching implicatins fr the large-scale (大规模) energy strage needed by wind and slar farms.(姜和他在辛辛那提大学的团队开发了一种新电池，这种电池可能对风能和太阳能发电场所需的大规模储能产生深远影响。)”和最后一段“There is still a lng way t g, but we’re advancing tward a dramatic battery transfrmatin in the next decade.(还有很长的路要走，但我们正在朝着未来十年电池的巨大转型迈进。)”可知，姜的新颖的设计，可能会给电池行业带来巨大变革，会重塑电池行业。故选A。
24．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中““There is still a lng way t g, but we’re advancing tward a dramatic battery transfrmatin in the next decade. I’m cnfident abut that. There is a lt f intense research ging int pushing the bundaries f battery perfrmance,” Jiang said.(“我们还有很长的路要走，但我们正朝着未来十年电池的巨大转型迈进。我对此很有信心。有很多深入的研究正在推动电池性能的极限，”姜说。)”可知，姜对于这种电池的前景很有信心，他是积极乐观的。故选C。
（23·24上·辽宁·期中）Mre than ten years after intrducing “Ggle Glass”, Alphabet Inc. has created a new kind f smart eyeglasses. The cmpany says the wearable cmputer device can translate different languages in real time.
A wrking mdel f the yet-unnamed device was presented t the public last mnth during the yearly Ggle cnference. Ggle did nt say when the glasses might g n sale t the public.
The previus Ggle Glass device included a wearable camera that culd film what the wearers saw. That caused widespread privacy cncerns. The camera element als gave Ggle Glass a kind f science-fictin lk. The latest device lks mre similar t traditinal glasses.
A brief demnstratin f the new eyeglasses described its translatin ability, but did nt prvide additinal details. The cmpany als did nt say whether the new device wuld be equipped with a camera. A demnstratin explained that a persn, wearing the glasses and talking with smene wh speaks a different language, can see the spken wrds in their wn language. The descriptin shwed translatins including English, Mandarin, Spanish and American Sign Language.
The new device is ne f several prducts shared at the cnference that are currently in develpment. The cmpany says the prducts aim t better cnnect Ggle services with activities happening in the real wrld. This includes cmpany fferings fr searching and viewing maps, as well as ther services using the latest develpments in artificial intelligence (AI).
Eddie Chung, a directr f prduct management at Ggle, spke t develpers abut the new eyeglasses. “What we’re wrking n is technlgy that enables us t break dwn language barriers, taking years f research in Ggle Translate and bringing that t glasses,” he said. “Apart frm breaking dwn language barriers, anther use f these translating glasses is enabling cmmunicatin with peple wh are deaf r hard f hearing. While these glasses might nt be a revlutinary prduct like Ggle Glass, they culd prvide a relatively simple slutin t a real-wrld prblem.”
25．What can we learn abut the latest smart eyeglasses?
A．They will be equipped with a camera.
B．They will appear n the market next year.
C．They can help users cmmunicate easily.
D．They have a kind f science-fictin lk.
26．What’s the purpse f this text?
A．T share a wearable cmputer device n sale.
B．T intrduce a new prduct in develpment.
C．T advertise the smart eyeglasses fr sale.
D．T shw the develpment f Ggle Glass Device.
27．Wh will use the new smart eyeglasses prbably?
A．A Japanese wh will talk with sme Frenchmen.
B．Prfessrs wh research n native languages.
C．Turists wh search and view maps in Germany.
D．An American deaf by wh will listen t a speech.
28．What’s Eddie Chung’s attitude twards the new eyeglasses.
A．Favrable.B．Dubtful.C．Oppsed.D．Disappinted.
【答案】25．C 26．B 27．D 28．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Alphabet Inc.公司研发的可实时翻译的智能眼镜。
25．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The cmpany says the wearable cmputer device can translate different languages in real time. (该公司表示，这种可穿戴电脑设备可以实时翻译不同的语言)”可知，这种眼睛可实时翻译不同语言，能够帮助用户更容易地交流。故选C。
26．推理判断题。根据第一段“Mre than ten years after intrducing “Ggle Glass”, Alphabet Inc. has created a new kind f smart eyeglasses. (在推出“谷歌眼镜”十多年后，Alphabet公司创造了一种新型智能眼镜)”以及第五段中“The new device is ne f several prducts shared at the cnference that are currently in develpment. (这款新设备是大会上分享的几款目前正在开发的产品之一)”可知本文的目的是向读者介绍一个正在开发中的新产品。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据第四段“A demnstratin explained that a persn, wearing the glasses and talking with smene wh speaks a different language, can see the spken wrds in their wn language. The descriptin shwed translatins invlving English, Mandarin, Spanish and American Sign Language. (一项演示解释说一个人戴上这种眼镜，与说不同语言的人交谈，就能看到用他们自己的语言说的话。描述显示的翻译包括英语、普通话、西班牙语和美式手语)”和最后一段Eddie Chung所说的话“Apart frm breaking dwn language barriers, anther use f these translating glasses is enabling cmmunicatin with peple wh are deaf r hard f hearing. (除了打破语言障碍，这种翻译眼镜的另一个用途是使耳聋的人或听力弱的人能够交流)”可知，该款眼镜可以将实时话语翻译成英语、普通话、西班牙语和美式手语，还能够让耳聋的人或听力弱的人交流。故选D。
28．推理判断题。根据最后一段Eddie Chung说的话“Apart frm breaking dwn language barriers, anther use f these translating glasses is enabling cmmunicatin with peple wh are deaf r hard f hearing. While these glasses might nt be a revlutinary prduct like Ggle Glass, they culd prvide a relatively simple slutin t a real-wrld prblem. (除了打破语言障碍，这种翻译眼镜的另一个用途是使耳聋的人或听力弱的人能够交流。虽然这些眼镜可能不像谷歌Glass那样是革命性的产品，但它们可以为现实世界的问题提供相对简单的解决方案)”可知，他认为智能眼镜是打破语言障碍的技术，并且能够解决现实问题。所以他对新型眼镜持支持的态度。故选A。
（23·24上·张家口·阶段练习）A Danish cmpany named T Gd T G has been wrking t cmbat fd waste in the United States and arund the wrld. In the U. S., mre than a third f fd prduced ges uneaten, cntributing t envirnmental issues. T Gd T G addresses this prblem by partnering with restaurants t sell their end-f-day leftvers at discunts, typically ranging frm 60% t 80% ff.
The app f the same name, which started in Denmark in 2015, has expanded t 17 cuntries and multiple U. S. cities, including New Yrk, Phenix, and Seattle, with Ls Angeles prving t be ne f its mst successful markets. The cmpany is nw lking t expand its ftprint in the sutheast.
While the cst savings fr custmers and businesses are significant, the primary fcus f T Gd T G is reducing fd waste, which is a majr cntributr t greenhuse gas emissins. The app allws users t track their envirnmental impact by displaying the electricity and carbn emissins prevented thrugh their purchases. T date, the app claims t have saved ver 250 millin meals, making a substantial impact.
Fd waste cntributes t climate change in several ways, including the emissin f methane gas frm rtting fd in landfills, the resurces used t grw the fd, and the energy expended in fd transprtatin and preparatin. T Gd T G estimates that its effrts are equal t taking abut 135, 000 cars ff the rad fr a year, and it plays a crucial rle in addressing the apprximately 6% f ttal greenhuse gas emissins caused by fd lss and waste in the U. S.
Alexandria Cari, the vice president f fd waste nnprfit ReFED, recgnizes the ptential f apps like T Gd T G. She believes that they have the capacity t reduce the carbn emissins equal t 870, 000 cars in a year, psitining them as ne f the tp 10 slutins t cmbating fd waste and climate change.
While the app has been successful in the restaurant industry, its expansin int grcery stres and manufacturing is still a wrk in prgress.
29．What d we knw abut the app T Gd T G?
A．It primarily perates in Ls Angeles.
B．It has saved ver 250 millin dllars s far.
C．It fcuses n fighting against fd waste.
D．It helps sell fresh grceries at full price.
30．Why are the numbers mentined in Paragraph 4?
A．T shw the envirnmental impact f the app.
B．T highlight the cst savings fr custmers.
C．T emphasize the cmpany’s expansin plans.
D．T illustrate the app’s success in reducing resurces.
31．What is Alexandria Cari’s attitude t the T Gd T G’s future?
A．SkepticalB．Negative.C．Neutral.D．Supprtive.
32．What may be talked abut fllwing the text?
A．The histry f fd waste reductin effrts.
B．Challenges T Gd T G’s expansin faces.
C．The impact f climate change n the fd industry.
D．Strategies fr reducing fd waste in grcery stres.
【答案】29．C 30．A 31．D 32．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一家名为T Gd T G的丹麦公司，推出同名应用程序，致力于打击美国和世界各地的食物浪费。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段中“While the cst savings fr custmers and businesses are significant, the primary fcus f T Gd T G is reducing fd waste, which is a majr cntributr t greenhuse gas emissins. (虽然为客户和企业节省的成本是巨大的，但T Gd T G的主要重点是减少食物浪费，这是温室气体排放的主要来源。)”可知，T Gd T G的重点是反对食物浪费。故选C项。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段中“T Gd T G estimates that its effrts are equal t taking abut 135, 000 cars ff the rad fr a year, and it plays a crucial rle in addressing the apprximately 6% f ttal greenhuse gas emissins caused by fd lss and waste in the U. S. (T Gd T G估计，它的努力相当于一年减少了约13.5万辆汽车，在解决美国由食物损失和浪费造成的约6%的温室气体排放方面起着至关重要的作用。)”可知，本段提到了这些数字是为了展示应用程序对环境的影响。故选A项。
31．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Alexandria Cari, the vice president f fd waste nnprfit ReFED, recgnizes the ptential f apps like T Gd T G. She believes that they have the capacity t reduce the carbn emissins equal t 870, 000 cars in a year, psitining them as ne f the tp 10 slutins t cmbating fd waste and climate change. (非营利组织ReFED的副总裁Alexandria Cari认识到T Gd T G等应用程序的潜力。她认为，它们有能力在一年内减少相当于87万辆汽车的碳排放，将它们定位为对抗食物浪费和气候变化的十大解决方案之一。)”可知，Alexandria Cari对T Gd T G的未来持支持态度。故选D项。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While the app has been successful in the restaurant industry, its expansin int grcery stres and manufacturing is still a wrk in prgress. (虽然这款应用在餐饮业取得了成功，但它在杂货店和制造业的扩张仍在进行中。)”可知，文章接下去可能谈论T Gd T G的扩张所面临的挑战。故选B项。
（23·24上·湖北·阶段练习）Adults tend t have strnger cgnitive. scial and emtinal skills, which allw them t better identify with, ffer advice t, and therwise supprt friends. Many yung adults enjy this emtinal depth alng with an abundance f free time. befre family and career respnsibilities pick up in midlife. It’s n wnder that this age is a high-water mark fr friendship. Thse wh s t cllege get a few extra years f living near their peers. Later in adulthd, thugh, peple have mre demands n their time: wrk, rmantic partnership, and caregiving all cmpete fr their attentin.
Plus, when adults enter the wrkfrce full-time, ptential new friends dn’t cnstantly surrund them the way they did in schl r while living in drmitries. Thugh sme cntinue t carve ut time fr their scial lives. Bagwell said, friendship tends t becme “a luxury rather than pririty.”
Under these new circumstances, many peple see friends less frequently — and they tend t spend the time they d have tgether differently. Fr efficiency’s sake, they might pair scializing with ther activities, like sharing a meal. Thugh grabbing dinner with a friend can be engaging, it’s a far cry frm well-planned frest ceremnies. Friends culd chse t tell each ther secrets at a meal, but the activity desn’t bring abut the type f natural penness that play can.
This pursuit f efficiency and the safety f fllwing rutine can cme at the cst f pleasure. An efficiency mindset risks having friendships feel like making a trade, as if each meeting shuld be “wrth it.” But squeezing time fr shrt and rare meetings is unlikely t feel fulfilling. If yu haven’t seen each ther in a while, fcusing n chatting abut ld days is natural. Hwever, lking back n imprtant events in life can feel like exchanging ntes while jint adventures create memries—the fundatin f clse friendship. As the scilgist Eric Klinenberg put it, “Yu tend t enrich yur scial life when yu stp, stay lnger and waste time.”
33．Why d yung adults pssess the deeper friendship?
A．They pay their whle attentin t making friends.
B．They have mre demands n maintaining friendship.
C．They enjy develping friendship with enrmus peple.
D．They take advantage f skills and time t keep friendship.
34．What des Bagwell say abut friendship f adults wrking full-time?
A．They cnsider it tugh t keep friendship.
B．They place great emphasis n making friends.
C．They have a preference fr staying with friends.
D．They spend a large amunt f mney cnnecting with friends.
35．What des the authr think f well-planned frest ceremnies in paragraph 3?
A．They are efficient and engaging activities.
B．Friends get mre natural pleasure frm them.
C．It is necessary t see friends frequently in them.
D．It takes a lng time t make preparatins fr them.
36．What’s Eric Klinenberg’s attitude twards efficiency-based scializing?
A．Ambiguus.B．Psitive.C．Negative.D．Apprving.
【答案】33．D 34．A 35．B 36．C
【导语】本文是议论文。文章讨论了为何长大后朋友会渐行渐远，尽管有些人继续为社交生活腾出时间，但友谊往往成为“一种奢侈品，而不是优先考虑的事项”，追求高效友谊的心态可能会让友谊感觉像是交易。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段“Adults tend t have strnger cgnitive. scial and emtinal skills, which allw them t better identify with, ffer advice t, and therwise supprt friends. Many yung adults enjy this emtinal depth alng with an abundance f free time.(成年人往往具有更强的认知、社交和情感技能，让他们能够更好地认同朋友，向朋友提供建议并支持他们。很多年轻人拥有充裕的空闲时间享受这种情感深度。)”可知，年轻的成年人有能力和时间维持友谊。故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据第二段“Plus, when adults enter the wrkfrce full-time, ptential new friends dn’t cnstantly surrund them the way they did in schl r while living in drmitries. Thugh sme cntinue t carve ut time fr their scial lives. Bagwell said, friendship tends t becme “a luxury rather than pririty.”(此外，当成年人进入职场全职工作时，潜在的新朋友不会像在学校或住宿舍时那样经常围绕在他们身边。尽管有些人继续为他们的社交生活腾出时间。巴格韦尔说，友谊往往成为“奢侈品而非优先事项”。)”可知，进入全职工作的成年人没有时间去结交朋友，友谊成了奢饰品，所以维持友谊变得非常困难。故选A。
35．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Thugh grabbing dinner with a friend can be engaging, it’s a far cry frm well-planned frest ceremnies. Friends culd chse t tell each ther secrets at a meal, but the activity desn’t bring abut the type f natural penness that play can.(虽然与朋友共进晚餐可能很吸引人，但这与精心策划的森林仪式相去甚远。朋友们可以选择在吃饭时互相倾诉，但这种活动本身并不能像玩耍一样天然产生无拘无束的开放感。)”可推断，与朋友共进晚餐虽然吸引人，但是与精心策划的森林仪式相差甚远，共进晚餐不能带来无拘无束的自然的开放感，因此推断作者认为精心策划的森林仪式可以让朋友从中得到更自然的快乐。故选B。
36．推理判断题。根据第四段“An efficiency mindset risks having friendships feel like making a trade, as if each meeting shuld be “wrth it.”(追求效率的心态可能会让友谊感觉像是交易，好像每次见面都应该感觉“值了”。)”和“Yu tend t enrich yur scial life when yu stp and stay lnger and waste time.(当你停下来、逗留、虚度时间时，你往往会丰富你的社交生活。)”可知，友谊就是需要人们停下来，逗留和花费时间的，追求高效的友谊是会让交朋友像做交易。因此推断埃里克·克林伯格对基于效率的社交持消极的态度。故选C。
（23·24上·大庆·期中）Science is a prcess that builds upn existing theries and knwledge by cntinuusly revising them. Every aspect f scientific knwledge can be questined, including the general rules f thinking that appear t be mst certain. S why is science trustwrthy if it is always changing? If tmrrw we will n lnger see the wrld as Newtn r Einstein fund it t be, why shuld we take seriusly tday’s scientific descriptin f the wrld?
The answer is simpler. Because at any given mment f ur histry, this descriptin f the wrld is the best we have. The fact that it can be made better can’t weaken the fact that it is a useful instrument fr understanding the wrld.
Cnsider a flk healer’s medicine. Can we say this treatment is “scientific” ? Yes, if it is prven t be effective, even if we have n idea why it wrks. In fact, quite a few cmmn medicatins used tday have their rigin in flk treatments, and we are still nt sure hw they wrk. This des nt imply that flk treatments are generally effective. T the cntrary, many f them are nt. What distinguishes scientific medieine is the readiness t seriusly test a treatment and t be ready t change ur minds if smething is shwn nt t wrk. A research dctr in a mdern hspital must be ready t change his thery if a mre effective way f understanding illness, r treating it, becmes available.
What makes mdern science uniquely pwerful is its refusal t believe that it already pssesses ultimate truth. The reliability f science is based nt n certainty but n a cmplete absence f certainty. As Jhn Stuart Mill wrte in “On Liberty” in 1859, “The beliefs which we have mst warrant (依据)fr, have n safeguard t rest n, but a standing invitatin t the whle wrld t prve them unfunded.”
37．Why des the authr raise the tw questins in paragraph 1?
A．T add sme fun.B．T intrduce the tpic.
C．T express dubts.D．T prvide backgrund.
38．What can we learn abut tday’s scientific descriptin f the wrld?
A．It can be timeless.B．It is f little value.
C．It can be imprvedD．It is the best at any mment.
39．What is the authr’s attitude twards flk treatment?
A．Indifferent.B．Pessimistic.C．Objective.D．Sympathetic.
40．What is the main idea f paragraph 4?
A．It is unwise t believe in science.B．T much uncertainty lies in science.
C．The fundatin f science is unfunded.D．The lack f certainty makes science reliable.
【答案】37．B 38．C 39．C 40．D
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。文章主要论述了科学是一个不断修正现有理论和知识的过程。
37．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“S why is science trustwrthy if it is always changing? If tmrrw we will n lnger see the wrld as Newtn r Einstein fund it t be, why shuld we take seriusly tday’s scientific descriptin f the wrld?(那么，如果科学总是在改变，那为什么科学是值得相信的呢？如果明天我们看到的世界不再像牛顿和爱因斯坦发现的那样，那么我们为什么还要认真对待今天对世界的科学描述呢？)”及下文对于科学描述的论述可推知，文章第一段提出这两个问题是为了引出话题——科学是一个不断修正现有理论和知识的过程。故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The answer is simpler. Because at any given mment f ur histry, this descriptin f the wrld is the best we have. The fact that it can be made better can’t weaken the fact that it is a useful instrument fr understanding the wrld.(回答很简单。因为在我们历史的任何时刻，我们拥有的对世界的描述都是最好的。它可以变得更好这一事实并不能削弱它是理解世界的有用的工具之一。)”可知，尽管我们在历史的任何时候，对于世界的描述都是最好的，但对世界的描述可以变得更好，故当今对于世界的描述是可以改进的，故选C。
39．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In fact, quite a few cmmn medicatins used tday have their rigin in flk treatments, and we are still nt sure hw they wrk. This des nt imply that flk treatments are generally effective. T the cntrary, many f them are nt.(事实上，今天使用的许多常用药物起源于民间治疗，我们仍然不确定它们是如何起作用的。但这并不意味着民间疗法通常是有效的。相反，许多民间疗法并非如此。)”可推知，作者既说明了明间疗法现在仍然起作用，又提到了其不足，故作者对民间治疗起客观态度，故选C。
40．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“What makes mdern science uniquely pwerful is its refusal t believe that it already pssesses ultimate truth. The reliability f science is based nt n certainty but n a cmplete absence f certainty.(现在科学之所以具有独特的力量，是因为它拒绝相信自己已经掌握了终极真理。科学的可靠性不是建立在确定的基础上，而是建立在完全不确定的基础上。)”可知，第四段主要论述了科学的可靠性源自缺乏确定性，即缺乏确定性使科学变得可靠。故选D。