专题19 虚拟语气三大类13条用法（清单）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习高效复习（全国通用）

这是一份专题19 虚拟语气三大类13条用法（清单）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习高效复习（全国通用），文件包含专题19虚拟语气三大类13条用法清单-高考英语一轮复习知识清单全国通用原卷版docx、专题19虚拟语气三大类13条用法清单-高考英语一轮复习知识清单全国通用解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共25页， 欢迎下载使用。

考点清单一、if虚拟条件句六大典型用法 P2
考点清单二、从句谓语用“(shuld)+动词原形”三大典型场合 P4
考点清单三、特殊句型中虚拟语气四大用法 P5
分类训练（一）单句填空（高考真题） P6
分类训练（二）单句填空（模拟试题） P6
分类训练（三）单句改错（模拟试题） P8
分类训练（四）单项选择40题（模拟试题） P8
分类训练（五）写作升级（书面表达） P11
分类训练（六）语法填空（外刊原创） P12
第12次北极科学考察扬帆起航 P12
考点清单一、if虚拟条件句六大典型用法
要点精讲1：与现在事实相反,从句用一般过去时(be 动词用were),主句用wuld/culd +d。
例1：If I had time, I wuld g fr a walk. (事实上我现在没有时间，不能去散步．）
例2：If I were invited, I wuld g t the dinner. （事实上没有人邀请我，我也不能去参加宴会．）
例3：If I had a millin dllars, I wuld put it in the bank. （事实上我没有一百万美圆，也不可能存在银行）
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Srry, I’m t busy nw. If I_________(have) time, I wuld certainly g fr an uting with yu.
2. Were it nt fr the snwy weather, we _________(be) all right.
【答案与解析】
1. had。语境暗示从句与现在事实相反，应用一般过去时。故答案是had。
2. wuld be。语境暗示主句与现在事实相反，应用wuld d。故答案是wuld be。
要点精讲2：与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时,主句用wuld/culd/might have dne。
例1：If I had taken yur advice, I wuldn’t have made a mistake.
例2：If he had been there, it wuldn’t have happened.
例3：If she had seen yu yesterday, she wuld have asked yu abut it.
要是她昨天看到你，她就要向你问起这件事 。
例4：If yu had taken my advice, yu wuldn’t have failed in the exam.
如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
3. If the captain had been mre careful, his ship (sink).
4. If the Watergate Incident_______________(ccur) Nixn wuld nt have resigned frm the presidency.
【答案与解析】
3. wuldn’t have sunk。结合语境主从句与过去事实相反，主句应用wuld have dne，且是否定形式。故答案是wuldn’t have sunk。
4. hadn’t ccurred。结合语境主从句均与过去事实相反，从句应用had dne，且是否定含义。故答案是hadn’t ccurred。
要点精讲3：与将来事实相反,从句谓语三选一：①一般过去时②were t d ③shuld d,主句用wuld d。
例1：If it rained/were t rain/shuld rain tmrrw, we wuld nt g climbing.
例2：If it were Sunday tmrrw, I shuld/ wuld g t see my grandmther.
如果明天是星期天，我就 (可能)去看望我奶 奶。
例3：If it were t snw this evening, they wuld nt g ut.
如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。
例4：If yu succeeded, everything wuld be all right.
例5：If yu were t succeed, everything wuld be all right.
【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
5. This printer is f gd quality. If it _______ break dwn within the first year, we wuld repair it at ur expense.
6. Grace desn’t want t mve t New Yrk because she thinks if she___________(live) there, she wuldn’t be able t see her parents very ften.
【答案与解析】
3. shuld。结合语境从句与将来事实相反，应用“shuld+动词原形”。故答案是shuld。
4. lived/shuld live/were t live。结合语境从句与将来事实相反，从句谓语三选一：①一般过去时②were t d ③shuld d。故答案是lived/shuld live/were t live。
要点精讲4：错综条件句，即主句和从句与不同时间相反，则根据主从句位置和事实区别对待对号入座。
例1：If I were yu, I wuldn't have missed the cncert last night.
如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天晚上那场音乐会。 (从句说明现在的情况，主句说明过去的情况)
例2：If yu had tld me the news yesterday, I wuldn't be s wrried nw.
如果你昨天告诉我这个消息，我现在就不会这么担心了。 (从句说明过去的情况，主句说明现在的情况)
例3：If yu hesitated this mment, yu might suffer in future.
如果你现在犹豫不决,将来你会吃苦头的。 (从句说明现在的情况，主句说明将来的情况)
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
7. If it _________(be) fr his invitatin the ther day, I shuld nt be here nw.
8. If he had spent mre time practising speaking English befre, he ________(be) able t speak it much better nw.
【答案与解析】
7. hadn’t been。the ther day说明从句与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时；且是否定形式。故答案是hadn’t been。
8. wuld be。nw说明主句与现在事实相反，应用wuld d。故答案是wuld be。
要点精讲5：if条件句若省略if，则把were/ shuld/ had提前到句首构成部分倒装句。
例1：Had I wrked hard, I wuld have surely succeeded. 如果我当时努力学习的话,我一定 会成功的。
例2：Were she my daughter, I wuldn't allw her t study abrad. 如果她是我的女儿，我就不让她出国学习了。
例3：Were it nt fr yur help, I wuld never be a gd manager.
要不是你的帮助，我永远也成不了一个好经理。
【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
9. What wuld have happened _______ Bb walked farther, as far as the river bank?
10. _________he t leave tday, he wuld get there by Friday.
【答案与解析】
9. had。根据语境后半句表示与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时；且省略if，应用倒装结构，故答案是had。
10. Were。根据语境这里与将来事实相反，从句可以用were t d；省略if应采用部分倒装语序。故答案是Were。
要点精讲6：含蓄条件句，即句子含有withut, but fr, therwise等词，后面按主句对待。
例1：But fr yur advice, I wuld have failed.
(= If yu hadn't given me advice, I wuld have failed. ) 如果不是你的建议,我会失败的。
例2：Withut yur help, I wuldn't have succeeded anyway.
(= If yu hadn't helped me, I wuldn't have succeeded anyway.) 没有你的帮助，我无论如何也不会成功。
例3：I'm really busy, therwise I wuld certainly g with yu.
我确实太忙了,不然的话，我一定和你一起去。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
11. We ______________(put) Jhn’s name n the race list yesterday but fr his recent injury.
12. Withut his wartime experiences, Hemingway _______________(write) his famus nvel A Farewell t Arms.
【答案与解析】
11. wuld have put。but fr his recent injury表示“要不是他受伤”，构成含蓄条件句，与过去事实相反，应用wuld have dne。故答案是wuld have put。
12. wuldn’t have written。Withut his wartime experiences表示“没有他的战争经历”，构成含蓄条件句，与过去事实相反，应用wuld have dne，且是否定意义。故答案是wuldn’t have written。
考点清单二、从句谓语用“(shuld)+动词原形”三大典型场合
要点精讲1：一二三四类动词(一坚持insist二命令rder, cmmand三建议advise, suggest, recmmend四要求demand, desire, require, request)接从句谓语用shuld+动词原形，且shuld可以省略。但应注意insist表示“坚持说”，suggest表示“暗示，表明”时，后接宾语从句应用陈述语气。
例1：It is suggested that the meeting shuld be put ff till next week.
例2：The dctr rdered that the patient (shuld) be sent t hspital withut delay.
例3：The smile n his face suggested that he was satisfied with ur wrk.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
13. Eye dctrs recmmend a child’s first eye exam _______(be) at the age f six mnths ld.
14. Jane's pale face suggested that she _______ (be) ill, and her parents suggested that she ________ (have) a medical examinatin.
15. The yung man insisted that he ________(d) nthing wrng and that he ___________(set) free.
【答案与解析】
13. (shuld) be。recmmend that….表示“推荐，建议”，接从句谓语用shuld+动词原形，且shuld可以省略。故答案是(shuld) be。
14. was; (shuld) have。前半句suggested表示“暗示，表明”，后接宾语从句应用陈述语气，即与主句时态呼应应用一般过去时；第二空表示“建议”， 接从句谓语用shuld+动词原形，且shuld可以省略。故答案是was; (shuld) have。
15. had dne; (shuld) be set。insist 表示“坚持认为”，后接从句用虚拟语气；若表示“坚持说”，从句应用陈述语气。故答案是had dne; (shuld) be set。
要点精讲2：一二三四类动词派生来的名词(rder, cmmand, advice, suggestin, requirement等)后接从句，该从句谓语动词用shuld+动词原形，且shuld可以省略。
例1：We agreed t the rder that the task (shuld) be cmpleted at 5 'clck.
例2：Our nly request is that this (shuld) be settled as sn as pssible.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
16. The teacher agreed t the suggestin that the students _________(give) tw weeks t prepare fr the exam.
17. Yur advice that____________(stay) there till next week is reasnable.
【答案与解析】
16. (shuld) be given。suggestin, requirement等名词后接从句，该从句谓语动词用shuld+动词原形，且shuld可以省略；结合语境应用被动语态。故答案是(shuld) be given。
17. (shuld) stay。suggestin, advice等名词后接从句，该从句谓语动词用shuld+动词原形，且shuld可以省略；故答案是(shuld) stay。
要点:3. It is necessary/strange/ 从句谓语用shuld+动词原形，且shuld可以省略。若从句涉及已经发生的动作，则应用shuld have dne。
例1：It is strange that he shuld have acted tward his parents like that.
例2：It's vital that we (shuld) take ur safety driving alng the rad seriusly.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
18. It is advisable that yu ___________ (take) yur wrk seriusly, r it wn't be lng befre yu're laid ff.
19. It is apprpriate that sme time _____________(devte) t thrugh study f the results f the Apll missin.
【答案与解析】
18. (shuld) take。It is 从句谓语用shuld+动词原形，且shuld可以省略。故答案是(shuld) take。
19. (shuld) be devted。It is 从句谓语用shuld+动词原形，且shuld可以省略。故答案是(shuld) be devted。
考点清单三、特殊句型中虚拟语气四大用法
要点精讲1：I wish that…从句与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用had dne, did, wuld/culd d。
例1：I wish that I were ten years yunger.
例2：I wish that I had met that film star yesterday.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
20.—Where are the children? The dinner’s ging t be cmpletely ruined.
—I wish they _________(nt be) always late.
21. Hw I wish every family ____________(have) a large huse with a beautiful garden!
【答案与解析】
20. wuldn’t be。结合语境从句与将来事实相反，故应用wuld d。故答案是wuldn’t be。
21. had。结合语境从句与现在事实相反，故应用一般过去时。故答案是had。
要点精讲2：if nly表示“如果……该多好”，as if/thugh表示“好像”，从句虚拟用法同上。
例1：He lks as if he were an artist.
例2：She lks as if nthing had happened t her.
例3：If nly I had seen the film with Jane last night.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
22. When a pencil is partly in a glass f water, it lk as if it ___________(break).
23. Dn’t handle the vase as if it __________(make) f steel.
24. Lk at the truble I am in! If nly I ______________(fllw) yur advice.
【答案与解析】
22. were brken。it lk as if…表示“看起来好像……”，从句与现在事实相反，应用一般过去时；结合语境应用被动语态。故答案是were brken。
23. were made。该句意为：不要处理花瓶好像它是钢铁做成似地。从句与现在事实相反，应用一般过去时；结合语境应用被动语态。故答案是were made。
24. had fllwed。结合语境if nly后边与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时。故答案是had fllwed。
要点精讲3：I wuld rather that…从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与现在、将来相反用一般过去时。
例1：I'd rather that he had gne t the seaside with me the day befre yesterday.
例2：When my father is upset, he wuld rather that we left him alne.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
25. Gerge is ging t talk abut the gegraphy f his cuntry, but I’d rather he __________ (fcus) mre n its culture.
26. —Did yu g t the party last night?
—Yes, but I’d rather I ________ (g) there. It was s bring.
【答案与解析】
25. fcused。I wuld rather that…从句与与现在、将来相反都用一般过去时。本句显然是与将来事实相反。故答案是fcused。
26. hadn’t gne考查虚拟语气和时态。句意：——你去参加昨晚的派对了吗？——去了，但我宁愿没去，太无聊了。wuld rather后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，此处陈述与过去事实相反的情况，应用过去完成时，因含有否定意义，故要加否定词nt。故填hadn’t gne。
要点精讲4：It is high/abut time that..后面常用did或shuld d, shuld不能省，意为“早该……”。
例1：It is high time that yu went t schl.
例2：It is abut time that we shuld set ut at nce.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
27. Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he ___________(d) smething instead f just talking.
28. It's high time that we ________(cmmit)s t the task f prtecting ur envirnment.
【答案与解析】
27. did/shuld d。It is high/abut time that..后面常用did或shuld d, shuld不能省，意为“早该……”。故答案是did/shuld d。
28. were cmmitted/shuld be cmmitted。It is high/abut time that..后面常用did或shuld d, shuld不能省，意为“早该……”。故答案是did/shuld d。
分类训练（一）高考真题
在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2020江苏) If I hadn’t been faced with s many barriers, I __________(nt be) where I am.
2. (2019天津) The wrkers were nt better rganized, therwise they ____________(accmplish) the task in half the time.
3. (2019江苏) What a pity! Yu missed the sightseeing, r we _____________(have) a gd time tgether.
4. (2018天津)If we ___________(catch) the flight yesterday, we wuld be enjying ur hliday n the beach.
5. (2018江苏) It’s strange that he _______ have taken the bks withut the wner’s permissin.
6. (2018江苏)There is a gd scial life in the village, and I wish I _______(have) a secnd chance t becme mre invlved.
7. (2018北京) They might have fund a better htel if they _________(drive) a few mre kilmeters.
8. (2017北京) If the new safety system ______________(put) t use, the accident wuld never have happened.
9. (2017天津) —D yu have Betty’s phne number? —Yes. Otherwise, I ______(be) able t reach her yesterday.
10. (2017江苏)_______it nt fr the supprt f the teachers, the student culd nt vercme her difficulty.
【分类训练一答案】
1. wuldn’t be 2. wuld have accmplished 3. wuld have had 4. had caught 5. shuld 6. had 7. had driven 8. had been put 9. wuldn’t have been 10. Were
分类训练（二）模拟试题
在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
11. Bb wuld have helped us yesterday, but he ____________(be) busy.
12. We lst ur way in that small village, therwise we____________ (see) mre places f interest yesterday.
13. The time is nt ripe. I'd rather yu ____________ (nt, say) anything abut it fr the time being.
14. ____________we made a great effrt last term, we might have succeeded.
15. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing ne, I wuld _________________(injure).
16. _________ it rain tmrrw, we wuld have t put ff the visit t the Yangpu River.
17. If I ________(knw) abut this cmputer prgram, a huge amunt f time and energy wuld have been saved.
18. If it were nt fr the fact that yu ____________ (be) ill, I wuld ask yu t d this right nw.
19. Withut the dctr's timely peratin, the little girl ____________ (lse) her life.
20. It is high time that we ____________ (place) great emphasis n the imprvement f fd safety.
【分类训练二答案】
11. was 12.wuld have seen 13. didn’t say 14. Had 15. have been injured 16. Shuld 17. had knwn 18. are 19.wuld have lst 20. placed/shuld place
分类训练（三）单句改错
下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。
21. Sme classmates suggest we can g t places f interest nearby.
22. The manager prpsed that Tm was given an pprtunity t explain why he'd refused t g there.
23. If nly I listened t my parents, I might have passed the driving test!
24. The cnference wuldn’t have be s successful if we hadn't made adequate preparatin.
25. If nly there was sme magic buttn I culd push t take away the sadness in her eyes.
26.—Larry, such mistakes culd have avided if yu had been mre careful.
—Srry, sir. I'll d better next time.
27. I can't stand him. He always talks as thugh he knws everything.
28. I made the suggestin that she stuck t the plan she had made.
29. It was rdered that n smking was nt allwed in the library, which made the smkers unhappy.
30. Hw I wish I bught that skirt when it was available! Ugh! I regret it every time.
【分类训练三答案】
21. 去掉can或者can改为shuld 22. was改为be 23. listened前加had 24. be改为been 25. was改为were 26. avided前加been 27. knws改为knew 28. stuck改为stick 29.第二个was改为be 30. bught前加had
分类训练（四）单项选择
1. If yu had tld me in advance, I _____yu up at the airprt.
A. wuld pick B. shuld have picked C. wuld have picked D. will have picked
2. Sme animals are in danger f dying ut, s it is high time that the gvernment ______ sme measures t prtect endangered animals.
A. take B. tk C. has taken D. will take
3. We shwed up early and had t wait tw hurs befre the ceremny began. We ______.
A. shuldn’t hurry B. needn’t have hurriedC. mustn’t have hurriedD. wuldn’t hurry
4. We didn't knw yu were in truble at that time, therwise we ______ yu a hand.
A. gaveB. had givenC. wuld giveD. wuld have given
5. Hw I wish I ________ smene t turn t fr advice when I was puzzled.
A. wuld have B. had C. have had D. had had
6. If the chpsticks are partly placed in the water, it lks as if they_______.
A. break B. have brken C. were brken D. had been brken
7. My sister’s pale face suggested that she _____seriusly ill, and my parents suggested that she ______ t see the dctr immediately.
A. was; g B. were; g C. be; went D. was; went
8. I dn't think it is advisable that Tm ________ t the jb since he has n experience.
A. will be assigned B. be assigned C. shuld assign D. can be assigned
9. My prfessr recmmended that I ______ classical technique first t establish slid technical skills.
A. shuld have learnedB. wuld learn C. learned D. learn
10. If yu ______a few minutes earlier, yu wuld have met the famus scientist.
A. had cme B. have cme C. were t cme D. shuld cme
11. _______ his phne number yesterday, I wuld have called her up.
A. Shuld he knw B. Were I t knw C. Had I knwn D. Have I knwn
12. He wuld have written the manager a letter t express his thanks this mrning, but he ______.
A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy D. will be busy
13. Susan is ging t deliver a speech abut the culture f his cuntry, but I’d rather she_______ mre n its educatin.
A. fcus B. fcused C. wuld fcus D. had fcused
14. But fr yur generus help, we ________ the task ahead f time.
A. wuld nt fulfill B. wuld nt have fulfilled
C. wuld fulfill D. wuld have fulfilled
15. The spkesman did nt regret what he had said at the cnference but felt that he _____ it indirectly.
A. culd express B. wuld expressC. culd have expressed D. must have expressed
16. This digital camera is f fine quality. If it _______ break dwn within the first year, we wuld repair it at ur expense.
A. wuld B. shuld C. culd D. might
17._____it rain this afternn, the ftball match wuld be put ff till next Friday.
A. Were B. Shuld C. Wuld D. Will
18. The prfessr insisted that his slutin______mre practical and that we______it int practice as sn as pssible.
A. was; put B. was; must putC. shuld be; put D. shuld be; put
19. If the ambulance had cme here sner last night, the patient ______nw.
A. will be alive B. will have been aliveC. wuld have been alive D. wuld be alive
20. ---Lily lks ht and dry tday.
---S _____ yu if yu had s high a fever.
A. dB. areC. willD. wuld
21.-- I’ve tld Jenny the truth abut the new huse.
---But I’d rather yu ______.
A. didn’tB. hadn’tC. dn’tD. wuldn’t
22. It was demanded that the wrking cnditins in that area _______ as sn as pssible.
A. must imprve B. imprve C. was imprved D. be imprved
23. Lk at the situatin I’m in. If nly I ______ yur advice earlier!
A. tk B. wuld take C. had taken D. shuld take
24. She might have been in time fr the interview, but she ______up late.
A. gt B. has gtC. was t getD. had gt
25.--The museum is nly five minutes’ walk! We shuld have walked there.
--Yes, a taxi _______ necessary at all.
A. wasn’t B. isn’t C. hadn’t been D. wn’t be
26. ______ the traffic jam n the highway, we shuld have arrived at the stadium earlier.
A. In spite fB. Because f C. But frD. Due t
27. If nly I ______ an umbrella last night! I was wet thrugh.
A. tkB. shuld take C. had takenD. take
28. Srry, I am t busy at the mment. If I ____free, I wuld certainly g fr a walk with yu.
A. have beenB. had beenC. amD. were
29. It is essential that these applicatin frms ______ back as early as pssible.
A. are sent B. be sent C. will be sent D. shuld send
30. Hw I wish I ____ t repair the cellphne! I nly made it wrse.
A. had tried B. hadn't tried C. have tried D. didn't try
31. If he ___ t the teacher attentively yesterday, he ___ the answer t the prblem nw.
A. had listened; wuld have knwn B. listened; wuld knw
C. listened; wuld have knwn D. had listened; wuld knw
32. My suggestin is that mre peple frm all walks f life______ t finance the Prject with their deeper lve fr these children.
A. be encuraged B. are encuraged C. were encuraged D. shuld encurage
33. I can’t stand the yung man sitting in the frnt. He always talks as thugh he ______ everything.
A. knew B. knws C. has knwn D. had knwn
34. Thmas can take his mtr apart and put it back tgether again. I certainly wish he ___ me hw.
A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. wuld teach
35. The new traffic law requires that everyne ___ his r her car checked at least nce a year.
A. has B. had C will have D. have
36. Linda culdn’t have answered the questin s easily if she ________ a few bks n wrld histry befre hand.
A. hadn’t readB. hasn’t read C. wuldn’t have readD. didn’t read
37. T be frank, if it were nt fr the fact that yu _____a reliable persn, I wuld nt take such pains t help yu.
A. were B. are C. had been D. have been
38. ___ what was ging t happen next, I wuld never have left her alne.
A. Had I knwn B. If I knw C. If I knew D. If had I knwn
39. It is unbelievable that such an excellent ftball team _____have failed in the finals.
A. wuld B. must C. shuld D. culd
40. My demand was that the infrmatin referred t in my reprt _____t Mr. Brwn withut delay.
A. shuld email B. emailed C. must be emailed D. be e-mailed
41. ---Have yu ever been t the Great Wall?
---N, but I wish I ______.
A. will B. have C. did D. had
42. The rder came that all the small cal mines _______dwn in half a year.
A. wuld be clsed B. shuld be clsed C. must be clsed D. wuld clse
43. ___the cluds, yu wuld find the airplane in the sky easily
A. Had it nt been fr B. If it were nt C. If it had nt been fr D. Were it nt fr
44. —Yu shuld have fed the birds yesterday. —Srry, I _____all abut it.
A. was frgtten B. have frgttenC. frgt D. frget
45. If yu ___ that late mvie last night, yu wuldn’t be s sleepy nw.
A. haven’t watchedB. hadn’t watched C. didn’t watch D. wuldn't have watched
【分类训练四答案与解析】
1-5 CBBDD 6-10 CABDA 11-15 CABBC 16-20 BBADD 21-25 BDCAA
26-30 CCDBB 31-35 DAADD 36-40 ABACD 41-45 DBDCB
1. C。if条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用culd/wuld have dne，从句用过去完成时。
2. B。It is high time 表示“早该……”，从句谓语用一般过去时或shuld+动词原形。注意shuld不能省。
3. B。needn’t have dne表示“过去本不必要做但已经做了”。
4. D。but fr, withut, therwise等常与含蓄条件句，本句therwise=If i had ，后面是主句，且与过去事实相反。
5. D。I wish that...从句与过去事实相反应用过去完成时。
6. C。It lks as if表示“看起来好像”，后接从句表示与现在事实相反应用一般过去时。
7. A。suggest表示“暗示，表明”，后接从句应用陈述语气；表示“建议”时，从句用shuld+动词原形，shuld可省。
8. B。It is advisable/necessary/imprtant 从句谓语用虚拟语气，即shuld+动词原形，shuld可省。
9. D。insist, rder, cmmand, advise, suggest, recmmend, require, request, demand, desire等动词（一坚持二命令三建议四要求）后接宾语从句用虚拟语气，即shuld+动词原形，shuld可省。
10. A。if条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用culd/wuld have dne，从句用过去完成时。
11. C。if虚拟条件句省略if时，把were, had,shuld提到句首，构成部分倒装；本句又是与过去事实相反，本应用过去完成时。
12. A。本句前半部分是虚拟语气，but后面是过去客观事实，故用一般过去时。
13. B。I wuld rather that...后接从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与现在或将来事实相反均用一般过去时。本题易误选C项，注意该句型只有两个时态。
14. B。but fr表示“要不是，如果没有”引导含蓄条件句，主句应用wuld/culd have dne。
15. C。culd have dne用于肯定句，表示“本可以做某事”。
16. B。if虚拟条件句表示与将来事实相反，从句用一般过去时或were t d或shuld+动词原形。
17. B。本句是if引导的虚拟条件句且与将来事实相反，省略if又用倒装句。
18. A。insist表示“坚持说”后接从句应用陈述语气；表示“坚持认为”后接从句应用虚拟语气，即shuld+动词原形，shuld可省。
19. D。本句是错综条件句，主句与现在事实相反，故用wuld/culd d。
20. D。结合语境这里表示与现在事实相反，同时空白处又是主句，故用wuld d。
21. B。这里I’d rather that...从句表示与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时，hadn’t后面省略了tld Jenny the truth abut the new huse。
22. D。demand that...从句应用虚拟语气，即shuld+动词原形，shuld可省。
23. C。if nly引导感叹句，表示“要是……该多好”，从句与过去事实相反，故用过去完成时。
24. A。but后面是过去的客观事实，故用一般过去时。
25. A。距离近不用打的是当时的客观事实故用一般过去时。
26. C。四个选项只有but fr表示“如果没有”与虚拟语气连用。in spite f尽管；because f 因为；but fr要不是；due t因为，由于。
27. C。If nly表示“要是……就好”，这里表示与过去事实相反应用过去完成时。
28. D。if虚拟条件句表示与现在事实相反故用一般过去时。
29. B。It is essential 从句谓语用虚拟语气，即shuld+动词原形，shuld可省。结合语境应用被动形式。
30. B。I 从句表示与过去事实相反，故应用过去完成时。
31. D。这是错综时间条件句，从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反，故应区别对待。
32. A。advice, rder, cmmand, suggestin等名词与that从句连用，从句用虚拟语气，即shuld+动词原形，shuld可省。
33. A。as thugh=as if，后面的从句表示与现在事实相反故用一般过去时。
34. D。I 从句与将来事实相反应用culd/wuld d。
35. D。require后面的从句应用虚拟语气，即shuld+动词原形，shuld可省。
36. A。这是if条件句，从句表示与过去事实相反故用过去完成时。
37. B。结合语境“你是可靠的”是现在的客观事实，故用一般现在时。
38. A。本句是省略了if的条件句，且表示与过去事实相反，故用过去完成时。
39. C。这里shuld have dne不表示“本应该做某事”而表示说话人惊讶的态度，“居然已经做了某事”。句意：真难以置信，这样一支优秀的足球队居然在决赛中输了。
40. D。demand, advice, prpsal, suggestin等名词与that从句连用，从句用虚拟语气；结合语境这里表示被动意义。
41. D。I wish...从句表示与过去事实相反，故应用过去完成时。had后面承前省略了been t the Great Wall。
42. B。rder, advice, cmmand等表示“建议”类名词与that从句连用，从句用虚拟语气。
43. D。A、|C项用法一致，应排除；这里表示与现在事实相反故应用一般过去时。
44. C。结合语境“忘记喂鸟”这个动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
45. B。本句是错综时间条件句，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用过去完成时。
分类训练（五）书面表达（句式升级）
1. 如果我们过去做了很大努力的话，我们可能就获得成功了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 如果他们当时知道接下来会发生什么事情，他们有可能就会重新考虑了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. 如果昨天晚上下了雨的话，今天就会非常凉爽了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
4. 我们在那个小村庄迷了路，否则我们昨天就能参观更多的名胜古迹了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. 要不是因为船长的努力，我们就会连船带人都沉没了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6. 要是没有英语老师的帮助，我就不会在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
7. 她竟然嫁给这样一个穷光蛋，真是太奇怪了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
8. 他的沉默暗示他赞同我的决定。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
9. 我要是去车站送过她就好了，但我当时太忙了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
10. 到了他该上床睡觉的时候了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
11. 我愿你下个星期天去。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
12. 那两个新来的人聊天的样子仿佛他们已经相识多年了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
13. 看看我的麻烦！要是我接受你的建议就好了！
__________________________________________________________________________________________
14. 如果我多等一分钟、我就坐上汽车了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
15. “要是我当初听取了妈妈的建议该多好!”小女孩低声对自己说。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
【分类训练五答案】
1. Had we made a great effrt, we might have succeeded.
2. Had they knw what was cming next，they might have had secnd thughts.
3. If it had rained last night, it wuld be very cl tday.
4. We lst ur way in that small village, therwise we wuld have visited mre places f interest yesterday.
5. The ship wuld have sunk with all n bard but fr the effrts f the captain.
6. Withut the help f my English teacher, I wuld nt have wn the first prize in the English Speaking Cmpetitin.
7. It is strange that she(shuld) marry such a pr man.
8. His silence suggested that he agreed with my decisin.
9. Hw I wish I had seen her ff at the statin，but I was t busy.
10. It’s high time that he went /shuld g t bed.
11. I wuld rather yu went next Sunday.
12. The tw newcmers talked as if they had knwn each ther fr ages.
13. Lk at the truble I am in! If nly I had fllwed yur advice.
14. If I had waited fr ne mre minute, I wuld have caught the bus.
15. “If nly I had listened t my mther's advice!” the little girl whispered t herself.
（六）语法填空 （外刊原创）
第12次北极科学考察扬帆起航
Icebreaker research vessel sails frm Shanghai t Arctic n new missin
China's 12th Arctic expeditin set sail frm Shanghai n July 12, and is expected 1 (last) mre than tw mnths, accrding t the Ministry f Natural Resurces. The ministry said that the Xuelng 2, r Snw Dragn 2, 2 (carry) scientists and ther crewmembers, left its hme prt in the castal ecnmic pwerhuse n Mnday mrning.
The missin 3 (task) with mnitring ceanic and atmspheric phenmena and btaining infrmatin abut marine hydrlgy, weather and bilgical cycles. Its findings will help imprve understanding f the Arctic, and will be used t respnd t climate change 4 prtect the Arctic ecsystem.
This is the secnd time that the vessel – China's secnd icebreaker and the first 5 (dmestic) built – has undertaken an Arctic expeditin. Xuelng 2's first trip t the regin was 6 mid-July and late September last year, 7 it tk part in the 11th Arctic expeditin.
China nw has a research statin 8 (name) Huanghe, in the Arctic. It als cperates with Iceland n perating a science bservatry in the Arctic. China has mre experience with explring Antarctica and has fur research 9 (statin) n the suthernmst cntinent – Changcheng, Zhngshan, Taishan and Kunlun – and 10 (cnduct) 37 expeditins there s far.
【答案】
1. t last 2. carrying 3. is tasked 4. and 5. dmestically 6. between 7. when 8. named 9. statins 10. has cnducted场合
从句谓语动词形式
主句谓语形式
与现在事实相反
动词过去式(be用were)
wuld / culd / shuld / might+ 动词原形
与过去事实相反
had +动词过去分词
wuld/ culd / shuld / might have dne
与将来事实相反
1.动词过去式(be用were)
2.were t + 动词原形
3.shuld + 动词原形
wuld / culd / shuld / might + 动词原形
I wish
从句结构
示例
与现在事实相反
一般过去式
I wish it were autumn nw.
与过去事实相反
过去完成式
He wished he had nt lst the chance.
与将来事实相反
wuld+动词原形
I wish yu wuld cme sn.