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高中英语2024届高考复习直接引语和间接引语讲解与练习
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这是一份高中英语2024届高考复习直接引语和间接引语讲解与练习，共5页。试卷主要包含了当直接引语是陈述句时，当直接引语是一般疑问句，当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，当直接引语是祈使句时，直接引语是感叹句时等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人的立场作相应变动。
人称代词的变动情况要根据语境及转述人的不同作相应变化，一般情况下，与汉语中的变化相同。可记住一个口诀：“一主、二宾、三不变”。即第一人称按照主句中的主语变化，第二人称按照主句中的宾语变化，第三人称一般不需要变化。
例如： 1) He said, “I am glad t see yu.” →He said that he was glad t see me.
2) “D yu knw the man ver there?” Mary said t Tm.
→Maryasked Tm if he knew the man ver there.
3) Jim said t me, “Jane left her schlbag at hme.”
→Jimtld me that Jane had left her schlbag at hme.
2、时态的变化
（1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时(不变)
一般将来时 过去将来时
一般将来进行时 过去将来进行时
一般将来完成时 过去将来完成时
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表：
He said, “I usually watch TV n Sunday.”他说：“我常在星期天看电视”。
→He said that he usually watched TV n Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。
He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。”
→He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。
She said, “I have nt heard frm him since May.”她说：“自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。”
→She said that she had nt heard frm him since May.她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。
He said，“I came t help yu.”他说：“我来帮助你。”
→He said that he had cme t help me.他说他来帮助我。
注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
The teacher said, “The earth is rund.”老师说：“地球是圆的。”
→The teacher said that the earth is rund.老师说地球是圆的。
（2）主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时
（3）如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变
He says, “I finished the wrk.”他说：“我做完工作了。”
He says that he finished the wrk.他说他做完工作了。
He will say, “I have watered the flwers.”他会说：“我己经浇花了。”
He will say he has watered the flwers.他会说他己经浇花了。
3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this/these that/thse
时间状语 nw then
tday that day
tnight that night
this week (mnth…) that week (mnth…)
Yesterday the day befre
last week (mnth…) the week (mnth…)befre
tw weeks (mnth)ag tw weeks (mnths)befre
tmrrw the next day
next week (mnth…) the next week (mnth…)
地点状语 here there
动 词 cme---g Bring---take
He said, “My sister was here three days ag.”他说：“三天前我妹妹在这儿。”
→He said that his sister had been there three days befre.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。(here→there; ag→befre)
She said, “I will cme here this evening.”她说：“今晚我将来这儿。”
→She said that she wuld g there that evening.她说那晚她将去那儿。
（cme→g；here→there；this→that）
以上这些变化,要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定，不可机械照搬。如果就在当地转述，here就不必改为there, cme也不必改为g,如果就在当天转述，yesterday或tmrrw等时间状语也不必改变。
二、当直接引语是陈述句时
直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语用that引导，但在口语中that可以省去。从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等要作相应的变化。
例如： She said t me, “I came back an hur ag.”
→Shesaid t/tld me that she had cme back an hur befre.
三、当直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句时
1、疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。
2、主句中的谓语动词为said时，要改为asked；没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语
（如me，him等）。
3、句末用句号。
4、从句中的人称、动词时态和状语等也要作相应的变化。
5、原句若为一般疑问句时，用whether或if 转述； He said, “Are yu interested in English?”
→Heasked (me) if /whether I was interested in English.
6．原句若为选择疑问句时，用whether…r…/…r nt；
I asked him, “Will yu stay at hme r g t a film tnight?”
→Iasked him whether he wuld stay at hme r g t a film that night.
7.原句若为反意疑问句，则常用whether或if 转述。 “Yu’ve already gt well, haven’t yu?” she asked →She asked (me) whether/if I had already gt well.
四、当直接引语是特殊疑问句时
如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，改为间接引语时，仍用原句中的wh-类的词引导，其余的变化同直接引语为一般疑问句的情况2—5条一样。例如：
“Whatis yur name?” he asked me.→He asked me what my name was.
Heasked: “Where are yu t get ff, Peter?”
→Heasked Peter where he was t get ff.
如果在直接引语的特殊疑问句中，疑问词作主语或主语的修饰语，则语序不需要变化。
例如： “Whse picture is the mst beautiful in yur class?” asked the by’s father.
→Theby’s father asked him whse picture was the mst beautiful in his class.
五、当直接引语是祈使句时
直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语可用如下的结构“主语+asked sb.(nt) t d sth.”。
1、需将原祈使句中谓语动词变成不定式。如果祈使句为否定句，则用不定式的否定形式，即在不定式前加nt。
2、原主句谓语动词said须改为asked，tld或rdered等含有祈使意义的能带宾补的及物动词。ask sb.(nt) t d sth. 表示客气） tell sb.(nt) t d sth.（命令性强于上面）
rdersb.(nt) t d sth. （命令性最强）
例如：
Hesaid, “Dn’t make s much nise.”→He tld us nt t make s much nise.
3、原句有“please”时，主句谓语多用asked（请求），并去掉please。 例如：He said t me, “Shut the windw, please.”→He asked me t shut the windw.
4如果以let开头的祈使句表示劝告或建议，可用“suggest + that从句”或“suggest ding”来转述。例如：
“Let’s g t the cinema.” Tm said.→Tm suggested ging t the cinema.
→Tmsuggested that they shuld g t the cinema.
六、直接引语是感叹句时
直接引语是感叹句变间接引语时仍可用what或hw引导，词序不变，也可用that 引导，将句子变成相应的名词性从句。例如：
Shesaid, “What a lvely day it is!”→She said what a lvely day it was.
→Shesaid that it was a lvely day.
第二部分 练习
1.He asked ________ fr the cmputer.
A.did I pay hw much
B.I paid hw much
C.hw much did I pay
D.hw much I paid
2.“Have yu seen the film?” he asked me.→He asked me _______.
A.had I seen the film
B.have I seen the film
C.if I have seen the film
D.whether I had seen the film
3.“Please clse the windw,” he said t me. →He ______ me _____ the windw.
A.said t; t clse
B.tld t; clsing
C.asked t clse
D.said t; please clse
4.“I am a teacher,” Jack sai
D.→He said _________.
A.that I am a teacher
B.I was a teacher
C.that he is a teacher
D.he was a teacher
5.He said, “Mther, the by is very naughty.” →He _____- very naughty.
A.said his mther that the by was
B.said t his mther that the by is
C.tld his mther that the by was
D.spke t his mther that the by was
6.“Yu’ve already gt well, haven’t yu?” she askeD.
→Sheasked ________.
A.if I have already gt well, hadn’t yu
B.whether I had already gt well
C.have I already gt well
D.had I already gt well.
7.He asked , “ Are yu a Party member r a League member?”
→Heasked me _________.
A.am I a Party member r a League member
B.was I a Party member r a League member
C.if I was a Party member r a League member
D.whether was I a Party member r a League member.
8.He asked, “Hw are yu getting alng?” →He asked _______.
A.hw am I getting alng
B.hw are yu getting alng
C.hw I was getting alng
D.hw was I getting alng
9.He asked me ________ with me.
A.what the matter is
B.what the mater was
C.what’s the matter
D.what was the matter
10.He said, “Dn’t d that again.” He _____ me _______ that again.
A.said t me; nt t d
B.said t me; dn’t d
C.tld me; dn’t d
D.tld me; nt t d
11.He asked _________ fr the vilin.
A.did I pay hw much
B.I paid hw much
C.hw much did I pay
D.hw much I paid
12.Can yu make sure _______ the gld ring?
A.where Alice has put
B.where had Alice put
C.where Alice had put
D.where has Alice put
13.These phts will shw yu __________.
A.whatdes ur village lk like
B.what ur village lks like
C.hw ur village lk like
D.hw ur village lks like
14.Yu can’t imagine _______ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A.hw they were excited
B.hw excited they were
C.hw excited were they
D.they were hw excited
15.______ she said suggested that she hadn’t decided _________ t g r nt.
A.What, if
B.That, whether
C.What, whether
D.What, whichever
16.I’ll ask my parents _________.
A.whether they will agree t g
B.if they let me g
C.if they will let me g
D.whether they allw me t
17.---D yu mind if Jim will cme t help?
---I really dn’t knw ________ a persn like him can help me with.
A.what
B.that
C.hw
D.if
18.He asked me if _____________.
the train will late
B.the train always arrived late
C.the train arrives n time
D.the train stps here
19.It is said in the bk that Thmas Edisn (1847-1931) _______ the wrld
leadinginventr fr sixty years.
A.wuld be
B.has been
C.had been
D.was
20.–Srry t have interrupted yu.Please g n. ---Where was I?
---Yu _______ yu didn’t like yur father’s jB.
A.had said
B.said
C.were saying
D.had been saying
【答案】
DDCDC BCCDD DABBC CAADC
一、直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人的立场作相应变动。
人称代词的变动情况要根据语境及转述人的不同作相应变化，一般情况下，与汉语中的变化相同。可记住一个口诀：“一主、二宾、三不变”。即第一人称按照主句中的主语变化，第二人称按照主句中的宾语变化，第三人称一般不需要变化。
例如： 1) He said, “I am glad t see yu.” →He said that he was glad t see me.
2) “D yu knw the man ver there?” Mary said t Tm.
→Maryasked Tm if he knew the man ver there.
3) Jim said t me, “Jane left her schlbag at hme.”
→Jimtld me that Jane had left her schlbag at hme.
2、时态的变化
（1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时(不变)
一般将来时 过去将来时
一般将来进行时 过去将来进行时
一般将来完成时 过去将来完成时
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表：
He said, “I usually watch TV n Sunday.”他说：“我常在星期天看电视”。
→He said that he usually watched TV n Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。
He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。”
→He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。
She said, “I have nt heard frm him since May.”她说：“自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。”
→She said that she had nt heard frm him since May.她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。
He said，“I came t help yu.”他说：“我来帮助你。”
→He said that he had cme t help me.他说他来帮助我。
注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
The teacher said, “The earth is rund.”老师说：“地球是圆的。”
→The teacher said that the earth is rund.老师说地球是圆的。
（2）主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时
（3）如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变
He says, “I finished the wrk.”他说：“我做完工作了。”
He says that he finished the wrk.他说他做完工作了。
He will say, “I have watered the flwers.”他会说：“我己经浇花了。”
He will say he has watered the flwers.他会说他己经浇花了。
3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this/these that/thse
时间状语 nw then
tday that day
tnight that night
this week (mnth…) that week (mnth…)
Yesterday the day befre
last week (mnth…) the week (mnth…)befre
tw weeks (mnth)ag tw weeks (mnths)befre
tmrrw the next day
next week (mnth…) the next week (mnth…)
地点状语 here there
动 词 cme---g Bring---take
He said, “My sister was here three days ag.”他说：“三天前我妹妹在这儿。”
→He said that his sister had been there three days befre.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。(here→there; ag→befre)
She said, “I will cme here this evening.”她说：“今晚我将来这儿。”
→She said that she wuld g there that evening.她说那晚她将去那儿。
（cme→g；here→there；this→that）
以上这些变化,要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定，不可机械照搬。如果就在当地转述，here就不必改为there, cme也不必改为g,如果就在当天转述，yesterday或tmrrw等时间状语也不必改变。
二、当直接引语是陈述句时
直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语用that引导，但在口语中that可以省去。从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等要作相应的变化。
例如： She said t me, “I came back an hur ag.”
→Shesaid t/tld me that she had cme back an hur befre.
三、当直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句时
1、疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。
2、主句中的谓语动词为said时，要改为asked；没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语
（如me，him等）。
3、句末用句号。
4、从句中的人称、动词时态和状语等也要作相应的变化。
5、原句若为一般疑问句时，用whether或if 转述； He said, “Are yu interested in English?”
→Heasked (me) if /whether I was interested in English.
6．原句若为选择疑问句时，用whether…r…/…r nt；
I asked him, “Will yu stay at hme r g t a film tnight?”
→Iasked him whether he wuld stay at hme r g t a film that night.
7.原句若为反意疑问句，则常用whether或if 转述。 “Yu’ve already gt well, haven’t yu?” she asked →She asked (me) whether/if I had already gt well.
四、当直接引语是特殊疑问句时
如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，改为间接引语时，仍用原句中的wh-类的词引导，其余的变化同直接引语为一般疑问句的情况2—5条一样。例如：
“Whatis yur name?” he asked me.→He asked me what my name was.
Heasked: “Where are yu t get ff, Peter?”
→Heasked Peter where he was t get ff.
如果在直接引语的特殊疑问句中，疑问词作主语或主语的修饰语，则语序不需要变化。
例如： “Whse picture is the mst beautiful in yur class?” asked the by’s father.
→Theby’s father asked him whse picture was the mst beautiful in his class.
五、当直接引语是祈使句时
直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语可用如下的结构“主语+asked sb.(nt) t d sth.”。
1、需将原祈使句中谓语动词变成不定式。如果祈使句为否定句，则用不定式的否定形式，即在不定式前加nt。
2、原主句谓语动词said须改为asked，tld或rdered等含有祈使意义的能带宾补的及物动词。ask sb.(nt) t d sth. 表示客气） tell sb.(nt) t d sth.（命令性强于上面）
rdersb.(nt) t d sth. （命令性最强）
例如：
Hesaid, “Dn’t make s much nise.”→He tld us nt t make s much nise.
3、原句有“please”时，主句谓语多用asked（请求），并去掉please。 例如：He said t me, “Shut the windw, please.”→He asked me t shut the windw.
4如果以let开头的祈使句表示劝告或建议，可用“suggest + that从句”或“suggest ding”来转述。例如：
“Let’s g t the cinema.” Tm said.→Tm suggested ging t the cinema.
→Tmsuggested that they shuld g t the cinema.
六、直接引语是感叹句时
直接引语是感叹句变间接引语时仍可用what或hw引导，词序不变，也可用that 引导，将句子变成相应的名词性从句。例如：
Shesaid, “What a lvely day it is!”→She said what a lvely day it was.
→Shesaid that it was a lvely day.
第二部分 练习
1.He asked ________ fr the cmputer.
A.did I pay hw much
B.I paid hw much
C.hw much did I pay
D.hw much I paid
2.“Have yu seen the film?” he asked me.→He asked me _______.
A.had I seen the film
B.have I seen the film
C.if I have seen the film
D.whether I had seen the film
3.“Please clse the windw,” he said t me. →He ______ me _____ the windw.
A.said t; t clse
B.tld t; clsing
C.asked t clse
D.said t; please clse
4.“I am a teacher,” Jack sai
D.→He said _________.
A.that I am a teacher
B.I was a teacher
C.that he is a teacher
D.he was a teacher
5.He said, “Mther, the by is very naughty.” →He _____- very naughty.
A.said his mther that the by was
B.said t his mther that the by is
C.tld his mther that the by was
D.spke t his mther that the by was
6.“Yu’ve already gt well, haven’t yu?” she askeD.
→Sheasked ________.
A.if I have already gt well, hadn’t yu
B.whether I had already gt well
C.have I already gt well
D.had I already gt well.
7.He asked , “ Are yu a Party member r a League member?”
→Heasked me _________.
A.am I a Party member r a League member
B.was I a Party member r a League member
C.if I was a Party member r a League member
D.whether was I a Party member r a League member.
8.He asked, “Hw are yu getting alng?” →He asked _______.
A.hw am I getting alng
B.hw are yu getting alng
C.hw I was getting alng
D.hw was I getting alng
9.He asked me ________ with me.
A.what the matter is
B.what the mater was
C.what’s the matter
D.what was the matter
10.He said, “Dn’t d that again.” He _____ me _______ that again.
A.said t me; nt t d
B.said t me; dn’t d
C.tld me; dn’t d
D.tld me; nt t d
11.He asked _________ fr the vilin.
A.did I pay hw much
B.I paid hw much
C.hw much did I pay
D.hw much I paid
12.Can yu make sure _______ the gld ring?
A.where Alice has put
B.where had Alice put
C.where Alice had put
D.where has Alice put
13.These phts will shw yu __________.
A.whatdes ur village lk like
B.what ur village lks like
C.hw ur village lk like
D.hw ur village lks like
14.Yu can’t imagine _______ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A.hw they were excited
B.hw excited they were
C.hw excited were they
D.they were hw excited
15.______ she said suggested that she hadn’t decided _________ t g r nt.
A.What, if
B.That, whether
C.What, whether
D.What, whichever
16.I’ll ask my parents _________.
A.whether they will agree t g
B.if they let me g
C.if they will let me g
D.whether they allw me t
17.---D yu mind if Jim will cme t help?
---I really dn’t knw ________ a persn like him can help me with.
A.what
B.that
C.hw
D.if
18.He asked me if _____________.
the train will late
B.the train always arrived late
C.the train arrives n time
D.the train stps here
19.It is said in the bk that Thmas Edisn (1847-1931) _______ the wrld
leadinginventr fr sixty years.
A.wuld be
B.has been
C.had been
D.was
20.–Srry t have interrupted yu.Please g n. ---Where was I?
---Yu _______ yu didn’t like yur father’s jB.
A.had said
B.said
C.were saying
D.had been saying
【答案】
DDCDC BCCDD DABBC CAADC
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