中考英语专项复习第03讲冠词课件

这是一份中考英语专项复习第03讲冠词课件，共27页。PPT课件主要包含了an hour， 实战演练等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1.能够熟练掌握冠词的定义，分类。2. 灵活使用冠词，并加以应用做题。
学习目标
冠 词
冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，对名词进行限定。冠词与名词的关系密不可分，就好像“鱼儿离不开水一样”。
冠词分为不定冠词a / an和定冠词the，在具体使用时可分为用不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词三种情况。 它的基本用法我们可以用以下口诀来记忆：泛指用a/ an，单数可数；特指用the，不特指不用the
1. 表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,  通常在第一次提到某人或某物时用a / an，以表示与其他事物的区别。 I am reading an interesting stry. I have gt a ticket.
一 不定冠词的用法
2.其中的任何一个，代表他们所属种类的特性。 A hrse is useful t mankind. A bird can fly.
3.用在事物的度量单位前,  如时间、 速度、 价格等, 表示 "每一个"。 We ften g t schl tw times a day. The ptat is sld at abut 30 fen a jin.  
4.用来泛指某人、某物或地方。A by came t see yu a mment ag. She is ill, she has t see a dctr.
5.用于某些特定的词组。 例如：a few 几个， a little 有点，等等。There is a little milk in the bttle. Only a few students are in the classrm.
6.和序数词连用，表示“再一；又一”。I want a secnd cup f cffee.
(1) a用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前，an用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。注意：要看读音是元音开头还是辅音开头，而不是根据字母。_______________（一个小时） _______________（一把雨伞）如果名词前有修饰语，那么用a还是an取决于该修饰语的第一个音素是辅音还是元音。____________（一本有用的书） ______________（一个诚实的男孩）____________（一个不高兴的女孩） _____________（一个不寻常的故事）
重点考点： a 和an用法
an umbrella
a useful bk
an hnest by
an unhappy girl
an unusual stry
(2) a, e, i, , 这四个元音字母，以及f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x这八个辅音字母单独使用时，因其发音均以元音开头，所以要用an。用一句话来概括前面用an的所有字母，Mr. Li has ne fx. 李先生有一只狐狸。This time I gt ___________（一个A）in my hmewrk.I bught ___________（a / an）MP5 yesterday.
(3) 用8, 11, 18, 80, 800等阿拉伯数字组成的短语前用an，其他用a。That is an eight-meter-wide bridge. He is nly an 11-year-ld by.I had a talk with an 80-year-ld man n the street yesterday.
特指用the——如果是特指，那么无论是可数名词单数、复数或不可数名词前均要用the。The pencil is mine. / I dn’t like the pencils n the desk. 
二 定冠词的用法
1.定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。 The bag in the desk is mine. Is this the bk yu are lking fr?
2.如果第一次提到某人或事物的时候，用a / an，那么以后再提到的话，就 变成特指的人或事物。 I bught a bk frm Xinhua bk-shp. The bk csts 15 yuan.
3. 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前。这些事物当然是特指的事物，不可能有两个以上。 the sun the mn　the earth the sky　the wrld　the winter nightThe sun is bigger than the mn. I can see a bird in the sky.
4.定冠词与单数名词连用, 也可以表示这一类人或事物The dg is nt t danger. The umbrella in the shp is very cheap in this seasn.
5. 定冠词与形容词连用, 可表示某一类人或事物。可看作是省略了名词的用法。 The wunded were brught t the hspital. He always helps the pr.
【注意】the 用在姓名复数之前, 表示一家人。  The Greens are very kind t us. The Whites like the classic music. 
6.其它需要用the 的情况：
(1) 用在序数词,  形容词最高级和表示方位的名词前。 This is the biggest city in China I have ever visited. I saw a plane cming frm the east. He is the last ne t help me.
(2) 用在演奏乐器的名称和文艺活动、运动场所的名称前。The little girl likes t play the vilin. They are ging t the cinema tnight.
(3) 用在报刊, 杂志的名称的名词之前。I am reading the China Daily nw. The Peking Review is n the desk.
(4) 用在部分江河、 海洋、 山脉、群岛的名称之前。the Pacific Oceanthe Himalayas
不特指不用the——不特指则不用the，包括泛指的可数名词单数前用a / an，泛指的可数名词复数前不用冠词，泛指的不可数名词前也不用冠词三种情况。I like mnkeys. / I dn’t like bread.
1.“人名、地名、国名”等或“街名、广场名、公园名、大学名”等专有名词前通常不用冠词：(1) Mary; Tm; Jim; Miss Li; Mr. Zhang; Lei Feng(2) Beijing; Shanghai; Lndn; Paris(3) England; China; Germany; Suth Africa
三 零冠词的用法
但如后有定语修饰表特指，需加定冠词：(1)He is n lnger the Brwn we knew ten years ag. (2) The Beijing f tday is different frm what it was. (3) Wang Fu Jing Street 王府井大街; Naking Rad 南京路(4) Tian An Men Square 天安门广场(5) Pei Hai Park 北海公园; Hyde Park海德公园(6) Beijing University 北京大学; Zhejiang University 浙江大学 但也可说：the University f Beijing;  the University f Zhejiang 
2. 正职或表示独一无二的官衔，职位，称号的专有名词作表语、补语、介词的宾语或同位语时，前一般不加冠词：The guards tk the American t General Lee. Lincln, president f the United States, was murdered in 1864.We made him head f ur class.但这个名词后有短语“f”时，有时也可加“the”：He is (the) captain f the basketball team. They elected him president f the U.S. 如不是独一的要加不定冠词：She is a teacher f English in ur schl.
3. “个体名词复数”表泛指一类人或事物时不用冠词： (1) My mther and father are schl teachers. (2) Hrses are useful animals.
4. “抽象名词、物质名词”表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词：(1) Failure is the mther f success.　(2) Man cannt live withut water.　　但如后有定语修饰表特指，需加定冠词：(1) The news that yu heard is true. (2) The water in this well is fit t drink.
5. “节日、季节”等名词前不用冠词：(1) New Years’ Day 新年，元旦   Wmen’s Day  妇女节 Labur Day 劳动节 Children’s Day 儿童节    April Fls’ Day 愚人节      Natinal Day 国庆节 但我国的节日前用定冠词：   the Spring Festival 春节 the Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节 (2) in spring (summer, autumn, winter)  Winter has cme, is spring still far away?    但如后有定语修饰表特指，需加定冠词：   in the spring f 1948 一九四八年的春季 
6. “年份、月份、星期、日期”等名词前不用冠词：in 1988; in August; n Thursday; n August 8thWe g t schl frm Mnday t Friday.
7. “一日三餐”等名词前不用冠词：have breakfast (lunch, supper) I have breakfast at 7 every day. 但如前面有形容词修饰，需用不定冠词；后面有定语修饰，需用定冠词：He had a big breakfast tday. The breakfast he had tday was gd.
8. 球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不用冠词：(1) play ftball (basketball; vlleyball; tennis; tennis ball)(2) play chess 
9. 序数词作副词时，前不用冠词：He came first in the race. Wrk must cme first. 
10. 一些固定词组中：g t bed, g t schl, by bus, at night 
11. 当“bike, car, bus, train, bat, ship, plane”等与“by”连用，表示一种交通手段时，不用冠词：by bus，by train； He ges t wrk by bike. Did yu cme back by plane r by train?“by water, by land, by sea, by air”以及“n ft, n hrseback”也属同种情况：  She said they wuld g there by air. 。但当这些名词特指某一交通工具时，则要与冠词连用：  The assistant went n a bike.   After the schl the girl returned hme n the 9:30 train.  
注意 在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别： 
1. in frnt f 在…前面  in the frnt f 在…范围内的前部 2. 有些个体名词“schl，cllege，prisn，market，hspital，bed，table，class，twn，church，curt”等词表“深层含义”不用冠词：g t hspital　(去医院看病）　 g t the hspital（去医院这个地方） in hspital （在住院） in the hspital  （在医院里） 
 3. 当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词：  I can’t write withut pen r pencil.   He lked at me frm head t ft, as if he didn’t knw me at all.4. 两个形容词都有冠词，表示两个不同东西。  He raises a black and a white cat.　  The black and the white cats are hers.　 如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一物。He raises a black and white cat.　

1.— Excuse me. Where is ________ schl library? — This way, please.A. an B. the C. a D / 2. David is ______ eight-year-ld by with shrt black hair. A. / B. a C. an D. the 3. —Wh’s ________by under the tree?—Bill. He’s ________ active by.A. a, an B. a, the C. the, a D. the, an
4. I dn’t knw the city. Where can I find ＿＿＿ gd restaurant?.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填5. —Hw was ________ dinner at Mike’s huse? —It was great. Mike’s mum is _________ wnderful ck. A.a; the B. the; a C. the; the D. a; an6. Li Na plays ________ tennis very well. She has becme ____first Asian wman t reach a Grand Slam(大满贯) final.A. a, the B. /, the C. the, a D./,a
7. (2023年郴州中考真题） —I'd like t help kids with their schlwrk.—Yu culd vlunteer in ________ after­schl study prgram t teach them.A. the B. an C. a
B
8.(2023年青岛中考真题）I watched The Wandering Earth Ⅱ last night. It is ________ wnderful film.A．aB．anC．theD．/