【期中真题】云南省昆明市第一中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期中英语试题.zip

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昆明市第一中学2021-2022上学期期中考试
高二英语
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题 每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Ingredients
Author: George Zaidan
Price:￡15.00
How often do you view the ingredients on the back of your food products? Even if you check regularly, it can be difficult to make sense of these long lists and complex codes. This book tries to find out the chemistry of these products. By opening this book, you are taking a journey, interpreting packets of data and exploring what this really means for you and your body.
Inventors
Author: Robert Winston
Price:￡20.00
The modern technological world we all now benefit from stands on the shoulders of inventors throughout history. From recognizable figures such as Leonardo da Vinci to less known scientists such as Stephanie Kwolek, Inventors explores the lives and scientific achievements of academic minds throughout the ages.
The Remarkable Life of the skin
Author:Monty Lyman
Price:￡20.00
You might think you know your own skin pretty well. You see, touch and live in it every day, but the complexity of this organ is often overlooked. Author Monty Lyman, expertly explains how our outer body is constantly changing, how it has been viewed through history and the science that lies beyond our eyes reach.
Saturn's Moon Titan
Author: Ralph Lorenz
Price:￡25.00
Titan is a moon, but as this book will inform you, it could be mistaken for a planet. As Saturn's largest moon, it is bigger than Mercury, and its atmosphere consists of about 98 percent nitrogen with most of the remainder being methane. As you read the pages of this book, you will journey through Titan's landscape, the science behind its atmosphere and much more.
All the above books are now available and there's a 10% discount if you buy any one of them before October 1st, 2021.
1. Whose book uncovers the secrets of what we eat?
A. Ralph Lorenz's. B. Monty Lyman's.
C. George Zaidan's. D. Robert Winston's.
2. What can be learned about Titan?
A It is a moon instead of a planet.
B. Its size is the same as that of Mercury.
C. It moves around the Sun as Saturn does.
D. Its atmosphere is mainly made up of oxygen.
3. How much should you pay for the first two books before October 1st, 2021?
A. ￡31.50. B. ￡33.00.
C. ￡33.50. D. ￡35.00.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四本书籍的作者，价格，主要内容以及折扣。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Ingredients部分的“Author: George Zaidan”和“This book tries to find out the chemistry of these products. By opening this book, you are taking a journey, interpreting packets of data and exploring what this really means for you and your body.（这本书试图找出这些产品的化学性质。通过打开这本书，你正在进行一段旅程，解析数据包，探索这对你和你的身体真正意味着什么）”可知，George Zaidan的本书Ingredients揭示了我们吃的东西的秘密，故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Saturn's Moon Titan部分“Titan is a moon, but as this book will inform you, it could be mistaken for a planet. As Saturn's largest moon, it is bigger than Mercury, and its atmosphere consists of about 98 percent nitrogen with most of the remainder being methane.( Titan是一个月亮，但正如这本书将告诉你的那样，它可能会被误认为是一个行星。作为土星最大的卫星，它比水星还大，大气中约有98%是氮，其余的大部分是甲烷)”可知，Titan是一个月亮不是一颗星星，大小不是和土星一样大，是土星的卫星，大气主要是甲烷不是氧气，故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“All the above books are now available and there's a 10% discount if you buy any one of them before October 1st, 2021.( 以上所有的书现在都可以买到了，如果你在2021年10月1日之前购买其中的任何一本，你可以有10%的折扣)”结合“IngredientsAuthor: George ZaidanPrice:￡15.00”和“InventorsAuthor: Robert Winston
Price:￡20.00”可知，2021年10月1日之前买前两本书（15+20）*（1-10%）=31.5。故选A。
B
Salome Thomas-El, the headmaster of Thomas Edison Charter School, has spent more than 30 years teaching his students life lessons through the game of chess. 90% of the students at the school live at or below the poverty level. "These children are playing chess and graduating high school and going to some of the top colleges in the nation," Thomas-El said.
As Thomas-El was looking for innovative ways to teach children math early in his career, he turned to a game from his childhood: chess. "I started actually teaching students math on the chessboard where knights move on right angles, bishops move on diagonals (对角线)…I fell in love with the game as a teacher. Through chess, Thomas-El saw that his students were learning more than just math — they developed confidence and self-respect. Thomas-El decided to get more students involved in chess. He provided chess sets and students began playing during breakfast and lunch. He also opened up the school on Saturdays to give students the chance to play chess, learn and get weekend meals.
Soon, Thomas-El was able to form his own chess team of 40 students. Because some tournaments are all-female, he decided to also create an all-girls team. Over his career. Thomas-EI's all-girls teams have taken on men twice their age and come out victorious. One of his teams even went three years undefeated.
Thomas-El said his proudest moments as an educator do not come from watching his students win games, but from watching them succeed in life. Many of the girls he's coached in chess have gone on to attend schools like Cornell and the University of Virginia on scholarships. Some of them became teachers themselves and come back to help their community.
In the future, Thoma-El hopes to expand chess's impact on students as a board member of America's Foundation for Chess, which has launched a new chess program for kids in school called"First Move."
4. Why did Thomas-El introduce chess into his class at first?
A. To make math easier to learn.
B. To make students'life more colorful.
C. To help students acquire a new skill.
D. To help poor students win a scholarship.
5. What do we know about Thomas-EI's all-girls teams?
A. They consisted of 40 students.
B. They have performed well in tournaments.
C. They were an inspiration to men twice their age.
D. They have followed in Thomas-El's featsteps to become teachers.
6. What touches Thomas-El most?
A. His students learn to work hard.
B. His students have won chess games.
C. Chess brings communities together.
D. Chess has changed his students lives.
7. What will Thomas-El do in the future?
A. Launch a TV chess program.
B. Establish the Foundation for Chess.
C. Train more teachers to promote chess.
D. Make chess accessible to more students.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D 7. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了校长萨洛米·托马斯-埃尔通过教学生国际象棋，培养了他们的自信和自尊，更改变了孩子们的未来。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As Thomas-El was looking for innovative ways to teach children math early in his career, he turned to a game from his childhood: chess.(托马斯-艾尔在职业生涯早期就在寻找创新的方法来教孩子们数学，于是他转向了儿时玩的一种游戏：国际象棋)”可知，托马斯-艾尔一开始要把象棋引入他的课堂是为了让数学更容易学。故选A。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Thomas-EI's all-girls teams have taken on men twice their age and come out victorious. (托马斯-艾尔的女队曾与年龄是她们两倍的男子较量，并取得了胜利)”可推断，托马斯-艾尔的女队在比赛中表现得很好。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Thomas-El said his proudest moments as an educator do not come from watching his students win games, but from watching them succeed in life. Many of the girls he's coached in chess have gone on to attend schools like Cornell and the University of Virginia on scholarships. Some of them became teachers themselves and come back to help their community. (托马斯-艾尔说，作为一名教育工作者，他最自豪的时刻不是看到他的学生赢得比赛，而是看到他们在生活中取得成功。他教过的许多女孩都拿到了康奈尔大学和弗吉尼亚大学的奖学金。她们中的一些人自己成为了老师，回来帮助她们的社区)”可知，托马斯-艾尔最感动的是象棋改变了他学生的生活。故选D。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“In the future, Thoma-El hopes to expand chess's impact on students as a board member of America's Foundation for Chess, which has launched a new chess program for kids in school called "First Move." (作为美国国际象棋基金会的董事会成员，托马-埃尔希望在未来扩大国际象棋对学生的影响。该基金会为学校的孩子们推出了一个名为“第一步”的新国际象棋项目)”可知，托马斯-艾尔将来会让更多的学生能够接触国际象棋。故选D。
C
One of the first things that Harvard University professor Daniel E.Lieberman points out in his new book Exercised is the double meaning of the word. Not only does it mean voluntary physical activity,but as an adjective,exercised suggests being worried, anxious or tired.And there lies the problem with exercise. Most of us just don't like doing it.
Lieberman pursues a double course in"Exercised: Why Something We Never Evolved to Do ls Healthy and Rewarding'". The professor presents an in-depth look at how humans evolved from hunter-gatherers who didn't have to think twice about getting enough exercise, to those of us who have to push ourselves away from our couches and devices. The parts of the book devoted to biology and evolution can be a bit hard to understand, although Lieberman often introduces them nicely with anecdotes.
Throughout his book, Lieberman discusses the origins of exercise, a modern pursuit.In the 1700s, Samuel Johnson didn't consider the words"play"and"exercise"worthy to be included in his dictionary. Although children have always played and sports have been a "human universal,exercise outside the context of sports was extremely rare until relatively recently, Lieberman writes. He also considers various contemporary forms of exercise and their benefits: running (which he does), walking, dancing, weight training, games and even cage fighting. He drops in on a Swedish company in Stockholm whose CEO requires a weekly "sports hour"to be participated in by all employees.
However, Lieberman's primary viewpoint- that exercise is indeed good for you-comes with an important warning.It must be enjoyable.The paradox（矛盾的情况），he writes，"is that our bodies never evolved to function optimally（最佳地）without lifelong physical activity but our minds never evolved to get us moving unless it is necessary, pleasurable or rewarding.
Exercise,he writes should be social."None of us is an island when it comes to health. Our well-being is interconnected. Some is better than none.Keep it up as you age."
8. What can be learned about the book"Exercised"?
A. It distinguishes between*play"and" exercise"
B. It is aimed specifically at couch potatoes.
C. It is a brief account of human evolution.
D. It explains difficult concepts with stories.
9. What can we infer about Samuel Johnson?
A. He was picky about sports. B. He thought little of exercise.
C. He invented the word "exercise." D. He advocated a weekly sports hour.
10. What does Lieberman stress by mentioning the paradox?
A. The importance of making exercise fun.
B. The difficulty of making exercise social.
C. The necessity of exercise for the elderly.
D. The physical and mental benefits of exercise.
11. What is this text?
A. An autobiography. B. A health report.
C. A research paper. D. A book review.
【答案】8 D 9. B 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Lieberman的新书Exercised，介绍了书中的不同内容。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The parts of the book devoted to biology and evolution can be a bit hard to understand, although Lieberman often introduces them nicely with anecdotes.”（尽管Lieberman经常用轶事很好的介绍它们，但书中介绍生物学和进化的部分可能还是有点难懂。）可知，Lieberman经常在书中用轶事介绍难懂的部分。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“In the 1700s, Samuel Johnson didn't consider the words "play" and "exercise" worthy to be included in his dictionary.”（在十七世纪，Samuel Johnson认为玩耍和锻炼不值得出现在他的字典里。）可知Samuel Johnson几乎没有想过玩耍和锻炼。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“The paradox，he writes，"is that our bodies never evolved to function optimally without lifelong physical activity but our minds never evolved to get us moving unless it is necessary, pleasurable or rewarding.”（他写到，矛盾的情况是我们的身体从未进化到不用终身活动的最佳功能，但是我们的思想从未进化到让我们去运动，除非这是必要的、愉快的或是友谊的。）可知，如果想要让自己去运动，我们需要让运动变得有趣，也就是强调了让运动变得有趣的重要性。故选A项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。文章第一段介绍了Lieberman的这本书以及锻炼的意思，第二段到第五段介绍了书中的不同内容、不同部分，我们可以看出这是一篇对于Lieberman的《锻炼》这本书的书评。故选D项。
【点睛】阅读理解题的解题方法，首先，宏观浏览全文，了解文章大意；然后读懂题干，带着问题去寻读；最后，分析句子，得出正确答案。
D
I've worked as a social media influencer for four years and have experienced the many positive aspects of this industry. My travels inspired an American woman to take her first solo(独自的)trip to the Middle East, which is a valuable experience. But I’ve also seen the more negative aspects, such as the emotional stress that comes from creating content with the goal of getting as many people as possible to double-tap or like our photos.
So when Instagram announced that it is beginning to test removing likes from the platform, my immediate reaction was a positive one.
Similar to the experience of the average Instagram user, viewing likes creates an incredible point of comparison among influencers. It shifts the focus away from providing value to constantly comparing yourself to other creators.The removal of likes pushes influencers to create valuable content and start meaningful conversations with their followers rather than post content only for the purpose of generating likes. It is a shift in a positive direction and an answer to the call for social platforms to take responsibility for the impact their apps have on users' mental health.
If Instagram does away with likes altogether,the way brands will partner with influencers will also likely change. The influencer marketing industry is still fairly new and most brands make quick judgments using only the ratio(比率)of the number of followers to the number of likes without looking at much else. If like counts are no longer visible, brands will need to take a deeper dive into a creators content and into the quality of the conversations they are having with their audience. This is the true test of an influencer's impact and ultimately, of the return on investment a brand can expect. This change will force brands to get smarter.
Instagram's test to explore removing likes reflects a larger cultural call for connection, community and authenticity online. I believe it would be a welcome change that all users could appreciate.
12. What is the example of an American woman used to prove?
A. The advantage of traveling.
B. The emotional stress of getting likes.
C The favorable impact of an influencer.
D. The widespread use of modern technology.
13. What can removing likes lead influencers to do?
A. Switch to other social platforms.
B. Focus on the quality of their content.
C. Compare themselves with average users.
D. Stop communicating with their followers.
14. What does the author think of brands choosing partners based on the number of likes?
A. It's risky. B. It's confusing.
C. It's smart. D. It's inconvenient.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Does removing Instagram likes affect our health?
B. How can influencers get more Instagram likes?
C. Should Instagram get rid of likes for good?
D. Why do Instagram infuencers need likes?
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了Instagram取消“赞”后所带来的影响，并且作者表达了希望Instagram永远摆脱“赞”的愿望。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I've worked as a social media influencer for four years and have experienced the many positive aspects of this industry. My travels inspired an American woman to take her first solo(独自的)trip to the Middle East, which is a valuable experience.(作为一名有影响力的社交媒体人，我已经工作了四年，并经历了这个行业的许多积极方面。我的旅行启发了一位美国女士，让她第一次独自去中东旅行，这是一次宝贵的经历。)”可知，作者举一个美国妇女的例子用来证明有影响力的人的良好影响。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The removal of likes pushes influencers to create valuable content and start meaningful conversations with their followers rather than post content only for the purpose of generating likes. (删除“赞”会促使有影响力的人创造有价值的内容，并开始与粉丝进行有意义的对话，而不是仅仅为了获得“赞”而发布内容。)”可知，删除“赞”会促使有影响力的人更关注内容的质量。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The influencer marketing industry is still fairly new and most brands make quick judgments using only the ratio of the number of followers to the number of likes without looking at much else. If like counts are no longer visible, brands will need to take a deeper dive into a creators content and into the quality of the conversations they are having with their audience. This is the true test of an influencer's impact and ultimately, of the return on investment a brand can expect. This change will force brands to get smarter. (影响力营销行业仍处于起步阶段，大多数品牌仅根据粉丝数量与赞的比例就能快速做出判断，而无需考虑其他因素。如果用户数量不再可见，品牌就需要深入挖掘创作者的内容以及他们与用户之间的对话质量。这是对影响者影响力的真正考验，也是对品牌预期投资回报的真正考验。这种变化将迫使品牌变得更聪明。)”可推断，作者认为品牌根据点赞数量选择合作伙伴是有风险的。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文可知，文章主要讨论了Instagram取消“赞”后所带来的影响，并且作者表达了希望Instagram永远摆脱“赞”的愿望。所以“Should Instagram get rid of likes for good?( Instagram应该永远摆脱“赞”吗?)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。
第二节（共5小题 每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Superman，the first American superhero，appeared in 1938 with his cape (斗篷) and an “S” on his chest. Shortly after his appearance in comics, moviemakers began trying to bring superheroes to the big screen. In the early 1940s, they made their first attempts to bring comic books to life.____16____Instead, they were made as 5 to 10 minutes episodes that would play at movie theaters before the main feature. Unlike today’s superhero films, these serials were aimed mainly at children.
This pattern changed in 1978 when Richard Donner made his first Superman film. First of all, it was aimed at an adult audience.____17____Second, the film's special effects were very sophisticated（复杂的）for that time. Finally, the Superman film was a departure from earlier superhero films in that it used talented and famous Hollywood actors. ____18____
Yet another revolution in superhero movies came in the 1990’s and 2000’s, when Computer-Generated Image technology made it possible to recreate even more fantastic landscapes and more monstrous（可怕的）creatures.____19____These films were similar to Donners Superman in that they targeted an adult audience Watchmen (2009), for instance, was released with an R rating, meaning that it was not intended for children under the age of 17.
____20____Their success at the box office continues to attract big-name Hollywood actors and directors and higher production budgets, so lovers of action and adventure should have plenty of reasons to go to the movies for years to come.
A. Richard Donner was born on April 24, 1930 in New York City.
B. Most of these early superhero films were not full-length movies.
C. The film had a complex plot, dealing with themes like love and politics.
D. As superhero movies are popular every year, it is clear this trend is far from over.
E. Many films used such technology to make their characters seem terrifyingly real.
F. Some of those stars were Christopher Reeve, Margot Kidder, and Gene Hackman.
G. The character of Superman was created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster.
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. F 19. E 20. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了美国超级英雄“超人”在影视作品中的发展历程。关于“超人”的影片过去主要针对孩子们，时长也只有五到十分钟。特技效果也因科技进步而不断升级。由于超级英雄影片备受瞩目，好莱坞影星一直参演不断。
【16题详解】
下文“Instead, they were made as 5 to 10 minutes episodes that would play at movie theaters before the main feature.（相反，他们被制作成5到10分钟的片段，在电影正片之前在电影院播放。）”，说明上文提及的内容与此相反。选项B中“Most of these early superhero films were not full-length movies.（大多数早期的超级英雄电影都不是全长电影。）”符合文中提及的影片播放长度不一样的情况。故选B项。
【17题详解】
上文“First of all, it was aimed at an adult audience.（首先，它的目标受众是成年人。）”说明设空处的内容是对Richard Donner电影革新的内容中第一小点提供支持句。选项C中“The film had a complex plot, dealing with themes like love and politics.（这部电影的情节很复杂，涉及爱情和政治等主题。）”介绍了内容和主题升级，符合针对成人目标群体的特征。故选C项。
【18题详解】
上文“ Finally, the Superman film was a departure from earlier superhero films in that it used talented and famous Hollywood actors. （最后，《超人》电影与之前的超级英雄电影有所不同，它使用了才华横溢、著名的好莱坞演员。）”可知，Richard Donner电影革新的内容中第三小点是关于演员阵容的说明。选项F中“Some of those stars were Christopher Reeve, Margot Kidder, and Gene Hackman.（其中包括克里斯托弗·里夫、玛戈特·基德和吉恩·哈克曼。）”提及了众多好莱坞明星，能够作为支持句来说明演员阵容的改变。故选F项。
【19题详解】
上文“... when Computer-Generated Image technology made it possible to recreate even more fantastic landscapes and more monstrous creatures.（当时计算机生成图像技术使得重现更奇异的风景和更可怕的生物成为可能。）”说明电脑特效让超级英雄电影的画面升级。选项E中“Many films used such technology to make their characters seem terrifyingly real.（许多电影使用这种技术使他们的角色看起来非常真实。）”进一步说明了电脑特效的好处。同时下文“These films ...”指代的是“Many films used such technology”。故须E项。
【20题详解】
下文“Their success at the box office continues to attract big-name Hollywood actors and directors and higher production budgets, so lovers of action and adventure should have plenty of reasons to go to the movies for years to come.（它们在票房上成功继续吸引着好莱坞大牌演员和导演以及更高的制作预算，所以动作和冒险的爱好者在未来几年应该有足够的理由去看电影。）”说明超级英雄主题电影票房表现很好，其中their指代superhero movies，选项D中的核心词与词一致。同时“it is clear this trend is far from over.（很明显，这一趋势远未结束。）”符合文中对超级英雄电影的趋势判断。故选D项。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题∶每小题 1.5分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
In the past 15 years, Chad Pregracke has helped pull more than 67,000 tires from the Misssppi river and other waterways.____21____ that's just scratching the surface. He's also helped____22____218 washing machines, 19 tractors, 12 bathtubs, 4 pianos and almost 1,000 refrigerators. For Pregracke, removing the____23____has become his life's work called "The Rivers' Garbageman, he lives on a boat with his 12 crew". Together, they____24____community cleanups along rivers across the country.
Pregracke took the dirty job on____25____he realized that no one was doing it. It began as a personal____26____and over the years his enthusiasm has helped it____27____. To date, about 70,000 volunteers have____28____this cause through his nonprofit, Living Lands & Waters, which____29____each community he visits to______30______the manpower needed. ______31______he organizes 70 cleanups a year in 50 communities. The cleanups are posted on the nonprofit's website, Facebook and other______32______so people know where and when they can______33______.
Volunteers get a huge sense of ______34______from seeing the garbage piled up at the end of the cleanup. Close to 90% of what they recover is ______35______and the rest gets disposed off (处理) properly. The nonprofit______36______carried out a program to plant 1 million trees along river shorelines to ______37______the natural environment.
Ultimately, Pregracke says, his message is about much more than______38______rivers. He believes his story is proof that anyone can make a______39______." If I had one thing to say, it wouldn't even be about rivers______40______. It would be about finding a cause that's dear to you and taking action.
21. A. Meanwhile B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However
22. A. repair B. pull C. display D. buy
23. A. equipment B. groceries C. garbage D. instruments
24. A. research B. organize C. witness D. record
25. A. if B. unless C. because D. until
26. A. effort B. honor C. desire D. problem
27. A. recover B. last C. start D. grown
28. A. recognized B. changed C. advertised D. joined
29. A. depends on B. improves upon C. looks into D. learns about
30. A. monitor B. supply C. reduce D. measure
31. A. By accident B. On the contrary C. On average D. In other words
32. A. platforms B. communities C. clubs D. meetings
33. A. play B. visit C. wait D. volunteer
34. A. belonging B. direction C. accomplishment D. gratitude
35. A. exhibited B. recycled C. buried D. returned
36. A. also B. still C. already D. again
37. A. restore B. respond to C. adapt to D. seek
38. A. exploring B. enjoying C. cleaning D. studying
39. A. promise B. difference C. mistake D. profit
40. A. occasionally B. uncertainly C. frequently D. necessarily
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B 36. A 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了查德·普雷格拉克致力于清理河道垃圾，并成立非营利组织，让更多的志愿者加入到他的工作。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这只是冰山一角。A. Meanwhile与此同时；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. However然而。根据“He's also helped____2____218 washing machines, 19 tractors, 12 bathtubs, 4 pianos and almost 1,000 refrigerators.”可知，前后句之间为转折关系。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他还帮忙打捞出218台洗衣机、19台拖拉机、12个浴缸、4架钢琴和近1000台冰箱。A. repair修理；B. pull拉；C. display显示；D. buy买。根据“In the past 15 years, Chad Pregracke has helped pull more than 67,000 tires from the Misssppi river and other waterways.”可知，普雷格拉克帮忙打捞出除轮胎之外的一些物品。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对普雷格拉克来说，清理垃圾已经成为他一生的工作，他被称为“河流的垃圾工”，他和他的12名船员住在船上。A. equipment设备；B. groceries杂货店；C. garbage垃圾；D. instruments仪器。根据“The Rivers' Garbageman, he lives on a boat with his 12 crew”可知，普雷格拉克一生致力于清理河流垃圾。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们一起组织了全国各地沿河社区清理工作。A. research研究；B. organize组织；C. witness目睹；D. record记录。根据“he lives on a boat with his 12 crew”可知，普雷格拉克和12名员工一起组织全国各地沿河的社区进行清理工作。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：普雷格拉克接受了这项肮脏的工作，因为他意识到没有人在做这件事。A. if如果；B. unless除非；C. because因为；D. until直到。根据“Pregracke took the dirty job on”可知，因为普雷格拉克意识到没有人清理河道垃圾，所以他从事了这些工作。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它开始是一个人的努力，多年来，他的热情帮助它成长。A. effort努力；B. honor荣誉；C. desire要求；D. problem问题。根据“Pregracke took the dirty job on____5____he realized that no one was doing it.”可知，清理河道垃圾刚开始是普雷格拉克一个人在努力。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它开始是一个人的努力，多年来，他的热情帮助它成长。A. recover恢复；B. last持续；C. start开始；D. grown生长。根据“To date, about 70,000 volunteers have____8____this cause through his nonprofit, Living Lands&Waters,which____9____each community he visits to____10____the manpower needed.”可知，普雷格拉克的热情帮助了它成长，使得越来越多的志愿者加入这项事业。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：迄今为止，约有7万名志愿者通过他的非营利组织“生活土地和水域”加入了这项事业，该组织依赖他访问的每个社区提供所需的人力。A. recognized认出；B. changed改变；C. advertised做广告；D. joined加入。根据“through his nonprofit, Living Lands & Waters,”可知，越来越多的志愿者加入清理河道垃圾这项事业。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：迄今为止，约有7万名志愿者通过他的非营利组织“生活土地和水域”加入了这项事业，该组织依赖他访问的每个社区提供所需的人力。A. depends on依靠；B. improves upon改进；C. looks into调查；D. learns about了解。根据“each community he visits to____10____the manpower needed.”可知，非营利组织“生活土地和水域” 依赖普雷格拉克访问的每个社区提供所需的人力。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：迄今为止，约有7万名志愿者通过他的非营利组织“生活土地和水域”加入了这项事业，该组织依赖他访问的每个社区提供所需的人力。A. monitor监控；B. supply提供；C. reduce减少；D. measure衡量。根据“the manpower needed.”可知，清理河道垃圾需要每个社区提供人力。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：他平均每年在50个社区组织70次清洁活动。A. By accident碰巧；B. On the contrary正相反；C. On average平均；D. In other words换句话说。根据“he organizes 70 cleanups a year in 50 communities.”可知，普雷格拉克平均每年在50个社区组织70次清洁活动。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：清理工作被发布在该非营利组织的网站、Facebook和其他平台上，以便人们知道何时何地可以做志愿者。A. platforms平台；B. communities社区；C. clubs俱乐部；D. meetings会议。根据“The cleanups are posted on the nonprofit's website, Facebook”可知，这里指除了非营利组织的网站、Facebook之外的其他平台。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：清理工作被发布在该非营利组织的网站、Facebook和其他平台上，以便人们知道何时何地可以做志愿者。A. play玩；B. visit参观；C. wait等待；D. volunteer自愿做。根据“about 70,000 volunteers have____8____this cause through his nonprofit,”和“The cleanups are posted on the nonprofit's website, Facebook and other____12____”可知，清理工作被发布是让人们知道何时何地可以做志愿活动。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：志愿者们会从看到清理结束后堆积的垃圾中获得巨大的成就感。A. belonging行李；B. direction方向；C. accomplishment成就；D. gratitude感激。根据“from seeing the garbage piled up at the end of the cleanup.”可知，志愿者做完清理工作后会有成就感。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：近90%的回收物被回收，其余的被妥善处理。 A. exhibited陈列；B. recycled回收；C. buried埋葬；D. returned返回。根据“and the rest gets disposed off (处理) properly.”可知，大多数回收物会被回收。故选B。
【36题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：该非营利组织还开展了一项计划，在河流沿岸种植100万棵树，以恢复自然环境。A. also也，还；B. still仍然；C. already已经；D. again再次。根据“carried out a program to plant 1 million trees along river shorelines to ____17____the natural environment.”可知，该非营利组织除了清理河道垃圾之外，还开展了一项植树计划。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查动词及短语词义辨析。句意：该非营利组织还开展了一项计划，在河流沿岸种植100万棵树，以恢复自然环境。A. restore恢复；B. respond to对……起反应；C. adapt to适应；D. seek寻找。根据“plant 1 million trees along river shorelines”可知，植树的目的是恢复自然环境。故选A。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，普雷格拉克说，他要传达的信息远远不止是清理河流。A. exploring探索；B. enjoying喜欢；C. cleaning清洁；D. studying学习。根据“In the past 15 years, Chad Pregracke has helped pull more than 67,000 tires from the Misssppi river and other waterways”可知，虽然普雷格拉克做的是清理河流的工作，但他要传达的信息远远不止于此。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他相信他的故事证明了每个人都可以改变世界。A. promise许诺；B. difference不同；C. mistake错误；D. profit利益。make a difference有影响，有区别。这里指普雷格拉克相信每个人都可以改变世界。故选B。
【40题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果要我说什么的话，不一定是关于河流的。A. occasionally偶尔地；B. uncertainly 怀疑地；C. frequently经常地；D. necessarily必定地。根据“Ultimately, Pregracke says, his message is about much more than____18____rivers.”和“It would be about finding a cause that's dear to you and taking action.”可知，普雷格拉克认为我们所做的不一定都是关于河流的，但我们只有采取行动，都会改变世界。故选D。
第二节（共10小题 每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料。在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内的正确形式
How do museums that used to be"temples"get ____41____ (attract) and powerful？Chinese museum have been dealing with this problem in hopes of appealing to younger audiences.
They choose animals that are connected with the place and have stories ____42____ (tell). In Beijing’s Palace Museum, around 200 “civil servant” eats have lived there ____43____ generations and protected this world's largest wooden architecture complex from rats. The museum once revealed that receiving cat food from fans has become ____44____ daily worry.
Another approach is the use of stickers (表情包)，____45____ are the new language of China’s youth who may use them to express ____46____ (they) in the wildest way online. ____47____ (compare) with emojis (表情符号），tickers are much more diverse and personalized. Museums can use this language ____48____ (smart) to attract young people.
Chinese museums are also going into social media. 2018 International Museum Day saw the success of a video that featured a various cast of famous relics ____49____ (dance) to killer beats on a video-sharing app. After"Sleeping"for thousands of years, they came alive overnight. The museum also witnessed a sharp increase of ______50______ (visitor), as they stepped inside the museum to see the real relics.
【答案】41. attractive
42. to tell
43. for 44. a
45. which 46. themselves
47. compared
48. smartly
49. dancing
50. visitors
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京故宫博物院为了吸引年轻观众所采取的措施。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：曾经是“寺庙”的博物馆是如何变得有吸引力和强大的?系动词get后接形容词形式。故填attractive。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们选择与这个地方有联系的动物，并且有故事可以讲。have sth.to do有某事要做。填to tell。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：在北京故宫博物院，大约200名“公务员”世代居住在这里，保护了这个世界上最大的木制建筑群不受老鼠的侵扰。for generations一连好几代。故填for。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：故宫博物院曾透露，从粉丝那里收到猫粮已经成为了每天的烦恼。名词worry作为“令人担忧的事”是可数名词，泛指，且形容词daily发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：另一种方式是使用表情包，这是中国年轻人的新语言，他们可能会用表情包在网上以最狂野的方式表达自己的思想。句中先行词为stickers，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【46题详解】
考查代词。句意：另一种方式是使用表情包，这是中国年轻人的新语言，他们可能会用表情包在网上以最狂野的方式表达自己的思想。express oneself表达自己的思想。根据China’s youth可知，用第三人称复数形式。故填themselves。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：与表情符号相比，表情包更加多样化和个性化。逻辑主语stickers与compare之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故填compared。
【48题详解】
考查副词。句意：博物馆可以巧妙地使用这种语言来吸引年轻人。修饰动词use，用副词形式。故填smartly。
【49题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2018年国际博物馆日，一款视频分享应用程序上的视频大获成功，展示了不同阵容的著名文物随着重节拍跳舞。名词relics与dance之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填dancing。
【50题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：博物馆也见证了急剧增加的游客，因为他们走进博物馆看到真正的文物。名词visitor为可数名词，根据后句中的they可知，用复数形式。故填visitors。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题 每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加∶在缺词处加一个漏词符号（A），并在其下面写出的加的词。
删除∶把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改∶在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意∶1.每处错误及其修改均限一词∶
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
When it comes to learn English as a second language, there are various ways to improve one's English. As far as I'm concerned, I preferred to learn English through songs. I'm the music lover and believe that combining my interest with learning will be the best way to improve my English. I look forward to learning many interesting songs in classes. I particularly like songs that are pleased and easily remember. These tunes make easier to remember new words and expressions, especially when you can't stop hearing of them. Therefore, song lyrics often use phrases that aren't necessarily standard. These may need an explanation from our teacher. All in all, learning English with songs are sure to be fun and effective.
【答案】1.learn → learning
2.preferred → prefer
3. the → a
4. classes → class
5. pleased →pleasing
6. remember → remembered
7. make后加it
8. 去掉of
9.Therefore → However
10.are → is
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者用英语歌曲学习英语的方法。
【详解】第一处：考查非谓语动词。句意：说到把英语作为第二语言来学习，有很多方法可以提高英语水平。when it comes to当涉及到； 当谈到，to是介词，后接动名词形式。故将learn改为learning。
第二处：考查时态。句意：就我而言，我更喜欢通过歌曲来学习英语。根据文章时态可知，用一般现在时。故将preferred改为prefer。
第三处：考查冠词。句意：我是一个音乐爱好者，我相信把我的兴趣和学习结合起来是提高我英语水平的最好方法。名词music lover为泛指，所以用不定冠词a。故将the改为 a。
第四处：考查名词的数。句意：我期待在课堂上学习许多有趣的歌曲。in class上课，在课堂上。故将classes改为class。
第五处：考查形容词。句意：我特别喜欢令人愉快且容易记住的歌曲。修饰物，一般用-ing形式形容词。pleasing表示“令人愉快的”故将pleased改为pleasing。
第六处：考查语态。句意：我特别喜欢令人愉快且容易记住的歌曲。songs与remember之间为被动关系，用被动语态，所以动词的过去分词形式。故将remember 改为remembered。
第七处：考查代词。句意：这些曲调让你更容易记住新单词和短语，尤其是当你不停地听它们的时候。句中用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式to remember new words and expressions。故在make后加it。
第八处：考查动词用法。句意：这些曲调让你更容易记住新单词和短语，尤其是当你不停地听它们的时候。hear强调听的结果；hear of强调听说过。故去掉of。
第九处：考查副词。句意：然而，歌词中经常使用的短语并不一定是标准的。前后句之间为转折关系，所以用副词however。故将Therefore改为However。
第十处：考查主谓一致。句意：总而言之，用歌曲学习英语肯定是有趣和有效的。动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。故将are改为is。
第二节∶书面表达（满分25分）
52. 假如你是李华，你的外国好友Peter当选为学校志愿者协会的会长（Volunteers Association）。请你写封信对他表示祝贺。
要点如下：1.表示祝贺；2.分析原因；3.其他。
注意：1.词数100左右
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
I’m very glad to convey my sincere congratulations on your being elected as chairman of Volunteers Association of your school.
Through your e-mail and our online talks, I know quite well that you’re a person not only good at studies but also eager to help others. What's more, you have shown your ability to be a good organizer. I am sure that to be the head of your Volunteers Association will prove and improve your overall ability.
Please accept my sincerest congratulations and wish you a big success in your new post.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外国好友Peter写封信，祝贺他当选为学校志愿者协会的会长。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad →happy
此外：What's more →moreover
擅长于：be good at →do well in
肯定的：sure →certain
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：What's more, you have shown your ability to be a good organizer.
拓展句：What's more, you have shown your ability that can be a good organizer.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Through your e-mail and our online talks, I know quite well that you’re a person not only good at studies but also eager to help others. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] What's more, you have shown your ability to be a good organizer. (运用了不定式作定语)