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山东省临沂市沂水县2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期中考试试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份山东省临沂市沂水县2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期中考试试题（Word版附解析），共23页。试卷主要包含了 15等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年第一学期高二年级学科素养检测
英语试题
满分150分。考试用时120分钟。
注意事项:
1. 答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。
2. 每小题选出答案后, 用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上。在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分 听力(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共5小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?
A. £19. 15.
B. £ 9. 18.
C. £ 9. 15.
答案是C。
1. What will the man do tonight?
A. Study for his exams. B. Go to a concert. C. Enjoy the fireworks.
2. What is most probably the man’s life like?
A. Stressful. B. Busy. C. Relaxing.
3. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Neighbors. B. Mother and son. C. House agent and client.
4. What does the woman ask the man to do?
A. Seek some advice. B. Make a decision. C. Cook dinner at home.
5. Why does Molly want to stay at a hotel?
A. It costs less money.
B. It’s near the scenic spots.
C. It may be more comfortable.
第二节(共15小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。
6. How many Christmas presents will the speakers give out?
A. 12. B. 10. C. 6.
7. Where are the speakers most probably?
A. At home. B. At a mall. C. On the street.
听第7段材料, 回答第8至10题。
8. How did Mark learn to make French cookies?
A. He used a cookbook. B. He turned to his mother. C. He learned at a bakeshop.
9. What does the woman think of making cookies?
A. Difficult. B. Interesting. C. Easy.
10. When will the speakers meet?
A. On Friday. B. On Saturday. C. On Sunday.
听第8段材料, 回答第11至13题。
11. What was the weather like yesterday?
A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Snowy.
12. How did the policeman save the dog?
A. He asked someone for help.
B. He broke the ice with a stone.
C. He pulled the dog with a branch.
13. Who is Mike probably speaking to?
A. His teacher. B. His classmate. C. The dog’s owner.
听第9段材料, 回答第14至17题。
14. Which book is Lisa reading recently?
A. You Are Fantastic. B. Rain Before Rainbows. C. Happy Dreamer.
15. Why does the man recommend Peter H. Reynolds’ book?
A. It inspires children to have dreams.
B. It develops children’s sense of sharing.
C. It teaches children to overcome difficulties.
16. What can readers learn from You Are Fantastic?
A. How they make friends.
B. How great they are.
C. How they form good habits.
17. Where does Lisa usually read books?
A. At a bookstore. B. At a library. C. At Susan’s home.
听第10段材料, 回答第18至20题。
18. Why does the speaker search on the Internet?
A. To find movies. B. To study English. C. To learn about cinemas.
19. What is the speaker’s habit while watching an English movie?
A. Trying to understand every word.
B. Memorizing the very difficult lines.
C. Writing down new words sometimes.
20. What does the speaker mainly talk about?
A. How she learns English by watching movies.
B. Why she learns informal expressions.
C. What kind of movies she likes.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Four winter wonderlands for cold-weather getaways
◆ JW Marriott The Rosseau Muskoka
Beat any holiday stress with the new HydroSpa opening at Muskoka’s JW Marriott on Nov. 1. The outdoor water entertainment will be open year-round, offering multiple ways to relax including sea-salt floating pools and hot bathtubs.
Stays from $349 / night
◆ Old Stone Inn Boutique Hotel
This historic inn in Niagara Falls offers multiple ways to relax. There’s Winterfest, meals enjoyed in dining domes(穹顶)housed in the inn’s private square, and the Alpine Club offering roasted nuts and wine around a fire pit. The property will host its annual holiday market on Nov. 26.
Stays from $249 / night
◆ Dromoland Castle
If you’re going to go big—and further away—for New Year’s, you may as well go black tie. This grand estate in western Ireland is offering a three - night celebration package, beginning either Dec. 30 or 31. The event on New Year’s Eve includes a cocktail reception and six-course dinner. Guests will have access to various activities on the property’s 450 acres including hunting and farming.
Stays from $2,051 / night
◆ St. Regis Aspen
Along with access to many ski options, the hotel’s guests can expect family-friendly fun during the week leading up to Dec. 25. The workshop here is a craft room where attendees can make everything from toys to gifts by hand. Additional sessions cover winter cooking and house decorating.
Stays from US $899 / night
1. How often is the holiday market open in Old Stone Inn Boutique Hotel?
A. Yearly. B. Daily. C. Monthly. D. Weekly.
2. What activities can you enjoy if you stay at St. Regis Aspen?
A. Hunting. B. Floating. C. Skating. D. DIY.
3. Which may offer life experience in the countryside?
A. St. Regis Aspen. B. Old Stone Inn Boutique Hotel.
C. Dromoland Castle. D. JW Marriott The Rosseau Muskoka.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个冬季避寒胜地。
【详解】1.细节理解题。由Old Stone Inn Boutique Hotel这一部分中的“The property will host its annual holiday market on Nov. 26.”（该酒店将于11月26日举办一年一度的假日市场。）可知，Old Stone Inn Boutique Hotel的假日市场一年举办一次。故选A项。
2.细节理解题。由St. Regis Aspen这一部分中的“Santa’s Workshop is a craft room where attendees can make everything from toys to gifts by hand.”（圣诞老人的工作室是一个工艺室，参加者可以手工制作从玩具到礼物的所有东西。）可知，在St. Regis Aspen里，参加者可以手工制作自己喜欢的东西。故选D项。
3.细节理解题。由Dromoland Castle这一部分中的“Guests will have access to various activities on the property’s 450 acres including hunting and farming.”（客人将可以在这酒店450英亩的地域里参加各种活动，包括狩猎和农业。）可知，游客可以在Dromoland Castle里体验乡村生活。故选C项。
B
Even when communing with nature we depend on technology for help-but then, so did Thoreau at Walden Pond.
Walking in the same woods yesterday, I let myself wander at random, communing with nature.
I took in beautiful scenery near and far thanks to my progressive-lens eyeglasses. Occasionally I’d pull out my smartphone to take pictures on anything interesting. I recorded an inner monologue (独白) with a background of all sounds of the forest. At times, I consulted my smart watch to check on my heartbeat, mileage and calorie burn. Eventually I realized I was quite lost. Not a problem of course. Online maps came to my rescue.
But something bothered me. In what I’d intended as a nature experience, here I was using very high technology to help myself out. This insight set off a reconsideration of everything that happened during my “nature walk”, which had been technologically enhanced every step of the way. I’d been functioning as a man-machine combination: a cyborg.
What would the true naturalist Thoreau think of that? My first thought was that he’d be shocked. But later I did some research. Thoreau enjoyed what his spyglass discovered, like this eagle from his journal:
Lying on the ground with my glass, I could watch him very easily…till I almost lost him in the clouds… I think I have got the worth of my glass now that it has revealed to me the white- headed eagle.
Famously, Thoreau always set out equipped with a walking stick, which he used not only for support but also to take measurements of water and snow levels. His hat was also a tool, which he called his “botany-box”. And he was prepared even with needles and thread, so when coming out of the woods, he was “the best dressed”. Clearly, Thoreau was a bit of a cyborg himself.
Thinking more deeply, I realized we’ve come a long way from our hunter-gatherer ancestors, who walked from necessity and relied on nature’s gift. Cyborgs are us.
4 What does the underlined part “communing with nature” probably mean in paragraph 1?
A. Enjoying the nature in a quiet peaceful way.
B. Searching for wild animals and birds.
C. Wandering in nature with high-tech equipment.
D. Singing and dancing happily in nature.
5. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To recommend Thoreau’s book Walden Pond.
B. To argue that humans have developed into cyborgs.
C. To share the reflections on man’s reliance on nature.
D. To question whether people are technology-dependent.
6. Which picture best illustrates a cyborg in the author’s eye?
A. B.
C. D.
7. Why does the author quote Thoreau’s journal?
A. To prove that even naturalists use technology.
B. To introduce a literary work on nature.
C. To describe the natural beauty Thoreau enjoyed.
D. To explain how to prepare for a nature walk.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过分析我们人类对技术的依赖，并引用自然学家梭罗的事例，说明了我们人类已进化成半机械人。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“Even when communing with nature we depend on technology for help-but then, so did Thoreau at Walden Pond. (即使在与自然交流时，我们依靠技术获得帮助，但当时在瓦尔登湖，梭罗也是如此)”及第二段“Walking in the same woods yesterday, I let myself wander at random, communing with nature.(昨天走在同一片树林里，我让自己随意漫步，与大自然交流)”可推知，划线词组“communing with nature”指的是“在独自平静享受自然的时刻”。故选A项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Even when communing with nature we depend on technology for help — but then, so did Thoreau (梭罗) at Walden Pond (瓦尔登湖).(即使在与自然交流时，我们也依赖技术来帮助——但是，沃尔登湖的梭罗也是如此)”可知，我们都是依赖技术的，自然学家梭罗也是如此；再根据最后一段“Thinking more deeply, I realized we’ve come a long way from our hunter-gatherer ancestors, who walked from necessity and relied on nature’s gift. Cyborgs are us.(更深入地思考，我意识到我们已经从狩猎采集的祖先那里走了很长一段路，他们从需要出发，依靠大自然的恩赐。半机械人就是我们)”可推知，本文的目的是为了说明人类已经进化为半机械人。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“This insight set off a reconsideration of everything that happened during my “nature walk”, which had been technologically enhanced every step of the way. I’d been functioning as a man-machine combination: a cyborg. (这一见解引发了我对“自然漫步”中发生的一切的重新思考，“自然漫步”的每一步都得到了技术的强化。 我一直扮演着人机结合的角色：一个半机械人)”可知，作者眼中的半机械人应该是人机结合，选项C的图片中即有人又有机器，符合题意。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段三四句“But later I did some research. Thoreau enjoyed what his spyglass discovered, like this eagle from his journal(但后来我做了一些研究。梭罗喜欢望远镜的发现，就像日记里的这只鹰)”和第六段第二句“I think I have got the worth of my glass now that it has revealed to me the white-headed eagle.(我想我已经得到了我的望远镜的价值，因为它让我看到了白头鹰)”可知，自然学家梭罗是肯定了望远镜的作用。由此推知，作者引用梭罗的日记是为了证明即使自然学家也会使用科技。故选A项。
C
Being highly connected to a strong social network has its benefits. Now a new study is showing the same goes for trees, thanks to their underground neighbors. The study is the first to show that the growth of adult trees is linked to their participation in fungal (真菌) networks living in the forest soil. Though past research has focused on young trees, these findings give new insight into the importance of fungal networks to older trees, which are more environmentally beneficial for functions like capturing carbon.
“Large trees make up the main part of the forest, so they drive what the forest is doing, ” said researcher Joseph Birch, who led the study. When they live in the forest soil, fungal net- works act as a sort of highway, allowing water, nutrients and compounds to flow back and forth among the trees. The network also helps nutrients flow to resource-limited trees like family units that support one another in times of stress.
Cores (核心) taken from 350 Douglas firs (花旗松) showed that annual tree ring growth was related to the extent of fungal connections a tree had with other trees. They had much higher growth than those that had only a few connections. The research also showed that trees with more connections to many unique fungi had much greater growth than those with only one or two connections. “If you have this network that is helping trees grow faster, that helps capture more carbon year after year. These networks may help trees grow more steadily even as conditions become more stressful, and could even help protect them against death. ” said Birch.
Birch hopes his findings lead to further studies in different kinds of forests in other geographical areas, because it’s likely that the connections among trees change from year to year. He said, “Knowing whether fungal networks are operating the same way in other tree species could inform how we reforest areas after harvesting them, and inform how we plant trees to preserve these networks. ”
8. In what way do the new findings differ from the previous ones?
A. They demonstrate a new way to capture carbon.
B. They confirm the benefits of fungal networks.
C. They clarify misunderstandings of fungal networks.
D. They reveal the value of fungal networks to adult trees.
9. How do fungal networks help trees?
A. By fighting against diseases.
B. By bettering forest soil conditions.
C. By acting as the center of family units.
D. By maintaining the balance of resources.
10. What does the underlined word “those” refer to in Paragraph 3?
A. Tree rings. B. Cores from firs.
C. Douglas firs. D. Fungal networks.
11. What can be inferred from Joseph Birch’s words in the last paragraph?
A. The fungal networks support one another in times of stress.
B. The fungal networks enable us to know more about reforestation.
C. The findings can apply to different kinds of forests in other geographical areas.
D. The networks will help trees grow steadily if conditions become more stressful.
【答案】8. D 9. D 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导读】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述一项新的研究发现，成树的生长与它们参与生活在森林土壤中的真菌网络有关。这些土壤里面的真菌网络给树木的生长提供了有利条件。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The study is the first to show that the growth of adult trees is linked to their participation in fungal(真菌)networks living in the forest soil. Though past research has focused on young trees, these findings give new insight into the importance of fungal networks to older trees, which are more environmentally beneficial for functions like capturing carbon.(这项研究首次表明，成树的生长与它们参与生活在森林土壤中的真菌网络有关。虽然过去的研究主要集中在年轻的树木上，但这些发现为真菌网络对老树的重要性提供了新的见解，这些真菌网络对捕获碳等功能更有利于环境。)”可知，本次研究是首次关注成树的生长，以及真菌网络与其的关系。而之前的研究更多集中是对幼年树木的研究，所以新发现与以前的发现有所不同。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“When they live in the forest soil, fungal net- works act as a sort of highway, allowing water, nutrients and compounds to flow back and forth among the trees. The network also helps nutrients flow to resource-limited trees like family units that support one another in times of stress.(当它们生活在森林土壤中时，真菌网就像一种高速公路，让水、营养物质和化合物在树木之间来回流动。该网络还有助于营养物质流向资源有限的树木，就像家庭单位一样，在压力下相互支持。)”可知，本段讲述了真菌网络是如何帮助树木获取营养物质，并且不同的营养物质通过网络来回流动可以达到一种资源平衡方式，有助于树木生长。故选D项。
【10题详解】
词汇猜测题。根据第三段“Cores taken from 350 Douglas firs showed that annual tree ring growth was related to the extent of fungal connections a tree had with other trees. They had much higher growth than those that had only a few connections.(从350棵道格拉斯花旗松中提取的核心显示，树木年轮的生长与一棵树与其他树木之间真菌联系的程度有关。它们比那些只有少量连接的植物生长得快得多。)”可知，本段是用花旗松举例子，说明树木年轮与真菌网络有关系，本句中“they”和“those”都是指代花旗松。A项Tree rings树木年轮；B项Cores from firs 花旗松核心；C项Douglas firs 花旗松；D项Fungal networks真菌网络。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“He said, ‘Knowing whether fungal networks are operating the same way in other tree species could inform how we reforest areas after harvesting them, and inform how we plant trees to preserve these networks.’ (他说：‘了解真菌网络是否在其他树种上以同样的方式运作，可以告诉我们在收获它们后如何重新造林，以及我们如何种植树木来保护这些网络。’)”可知，Joseph Birch认为真菌网络可以告诉我们如何重新造林，所以了解真菌网络有助于植树造林。故选B项。
D
When it comes to work, workers, and jobs, much of the concern of the modern age boils down to the fear that we’re witnessing the final stage of the game, and that there will be nowhere for humans to withdraw as machines take over the last few tasks. The most recent example comes from the use of artificial intelligence (AI). Is there no area of human experience that can’t be replaced by AI? And if not, what is left for humans to do except the tasks involved in taking care of the machines?
At the heart of this concern is our desire for good jobs — jobs that make the most of workers’ natural abilities and where the work provides the worker with motivation and work-life balance. More importantly, good jobs support workers in learning by doing — and, in so doing, deliver benefits on three levels: to the worker, who gains in personal development and job satisfaction; to the organization, which reforms as staff find new problems to solve and opportunities to pursue; and to the community as a whole, which harvests the economic benefits of hosting positive organizations and workers. This is what makes good jobs productive for the organization, as well as engaging and fulfilling for the worker.
Does the ongoing advance of AI threaten to get rid of all the learning, creativity, and meaning that make a job a good job? Certainly, some have blamed technology for just such an outcome. Headlines today often express concern over technological innovation resulting in bad jobs for humans, or even the complete disappearance of certain professions. Some fear that further technology advancement in the workplace will result in jobs where employees are being asked to work in split times or for longer periods over more days.
The problem here isn’t the technology; rather, it’s the way the technology is used — and, more than that, the way people think about using it.
12. What is the passage mainly about?
A. How to take care of the AI machines.
B. The relations between workers and jobs.
C. The human’s fears in the age of AI.
D. Human experiences were replaced by AI.
13 What jobs are supposed to be good according to the passage?
A. Those that mainly have the economic benefits.
B. The ones that offer chances to progress professionally.
C Those that make full use of workers’ motivation.
D. The ones that don’t bring new problems to workers.
14. How do news media respond to the development of AI?
A. Negative. B. Supportive. C. Optimistic. D. Unknown.
15. What will the author probably talk about next?
A. The future jobs humans will do.
B. The application of AI in the future.
C. The ways that humans do jobs.
D. The proper attitude towards AI.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能时代人类的恐惧。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“When it comes to work, workers, and jobs, much of the concern of the modern age boils down to the fear that we’re witnessing the final stage of the game, and that there will be nowhere for humans to withdraw as machines take over the last few tasks.(当谈到工作、工人和任务时，现代社会的许多担忧都可以归结为一种恐惧：我们正在见证游戏的最后阶段，当机器接管最后几项任务时，人类将无处可退)”并结合下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了人工智能时代人类的恐惧。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“More importantly, good jobs support workers in learning by doing — and, in so doing, deliver benefits on three levels(更重要的是，好的工作支持员工在实践中学习，并在这样做的过程中，在三个层面上为员工带来好处)”可知，好的工作是能提供职业进步的机会。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Headlines today often express concern over technological innovation(革新) resulting in bad jobs for humans, or even the complete disappearance of certain professions.(今天的头条新闻经常表达对技术创新导致人类的坏工作，甚至某些职业的完全消失的担忧)”可知，新闻媒体对于人工智能的发展的态度是消极的。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The problem here isn’t the technology; rather, it’s the way the technology is used —— and, more than that, the way people think about using it.(这里的问题不在于技术；而是技术的使用方式，更重要的是人们考虑使用它的方式)”可知，本段介绍了真正的问题所在——人类考虑如何适用讲述。从而推断接下来作者可能会谈论如何正确对待AI。故选D
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Workplace communication skills can either help your career, or they can stop it dead in its tracks. For leaders, effective communication can motivate teams, ___16___ For independent contributors, communication skills can earn opportunities that get them closer to their goals-or they can affect promotions and limit career growth.
We may know communication is important, but employees at all levels make ongoing mis- takes that make their work lives harder. ___17___
Start with your attitude
Words are only a piece of the communication puzzle. If your body language is poor, or you avoid eye contact, your coworkers may assume you’re not very interested in speaking to them. ___18___
To communicate more effectively at work, your first action item is checking your attitude. Are you fully present during every interaction-___19___
Approaching every conversation with openness and your undivided attention enhances the quality of workplace communication.
Show, don’t always tell
___20___ The next time you’re considering sending out a list of detailed instructions, consider showing your team how to complete the task by doing it in front of them first.
Visuals like images and video not only enhance and speed comprehension, they can also add levity and humor to workplace communication. Use short video clips and screenshots to ex- plain complex tasks and problems-and the occasional meme to make everyone laugh.
A. Here are 2 ways to communicate more effectively at work.
B. while poor communication can push good employees out the door.
C. If a picture’s worth a thousand words, a demo may be worth a million.
D. and make things like taking polls during team meetings a regular practice.
E. Misunderstandings at work are usually the byproduct of communication breakdowns.
F. or do you allow other priorities to get in the way of connecting with people in real-time?
G. The same goes for paying more attention to your laptop or phone than the conversation at hand.
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. E 19. F 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲的是工作场所的沟通技巧的重要性以及如何提高工作场所的沟通技巧。
【16题详解】
根据上文中的“For leaders, effective communication can motivate teams,(对于领导者来说，有效的沟通可以激励团队，)”可知，此处讲述的是有效交流给团队带来的好处，而B选项“while poor communication can push good employees out the door.(而沟通不畅可能会将优秀的员工赶出门外。)”讲述的是无效交流带来的问题，与上文形成对比，而且交流对象都与员工有关系。故选B项。
【17题详解】
根据上文中的“We may know communication is important, but employees at all levels make ongoing mis- takes that make their work lives harder.(我们可能知道沟通很重要，但各级员工都会犯错误，使他们的工作更加艰难。)”可知，沟通的方式不对可能产生一些问题，由此引出下文改如何解决问题，结合下文中的两个建议可知，此空引出下文，A选项“Here are 2 ways to communicate more effectively at work.(以下是在工作中更有效地沟通的两种方法。)”符合上下文语境。故选A项。
【18题详解】
根据空格的位置可知，此处是对该段的总结概括，结合上文中的“If your body language is poor, or you avoid eye contact, your coworkers may assume you’re not very interested in speaking to them.(如果你的肢体语言很差，或者你避免眼神交流，你的同事可能会认为你对和他们说话不是很感兴趣。)”可知，此处讲述的是无效交流产生的误会，E选项“Misunderstandings at work are usually the byproduct of communication breakdowns.(工作中的误解通常是沟通中断的副产品。)”讲述的是误会是沟通中断的产物，是对该段的总结，符合题意。故选E项。
【19题详解】
根据空格前的“Are you fully present during every interaction(您是否在每次互动中都完全在场)”可知，此处是一般疑问句，对你沟通交流的态度提出疑问，所以F选项“or do you allow other priorities to get in the way of connecting with people in real-time?(还是你允许其他优先事项妨碍与人实时联系？)”中涉及的内容与空前内容吻合，且句式一致。故选F项。
【20题详解】
根据该段的小标题“Show, don’t always tell(展示，不要总是告诉)”可知，该段讲述的内容是多去展示，不要总是告诉，而该空应该为主题服务，C选项“If a picture’s worth a thousand words, a demo may be worth a million.(如果一张图片胜过千言万语，那么一个演示可能值一百万。)”说明的是展示的价值，内容与主题吻合。故选C项。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节, 满分45分)
第一节完形填空(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
Many animals move from one place to another at certain times of the year. This ___21___ movement is called migration (迁徙). They migrate to ___22___ food or in search of warmer weather. One of the most wonderful migrations in nature is that of the North American monarch butterfly.
Every ___23___, millions of these beautiful insects with fine black and orange wings begin a long and ___24___ journey. Somehow they manage to ___25___ around 4,000 kilometres ___26___ and find their way to California or Mexico. ___27___, until recently no one knew how they did this. A team of scientists led by Professor Eli Shlizerman at the University of Washington has now found the ___28___. They have found out that the monarch is able to ___29___ the time of day. It uses its eyes to measure the ____30____ of the sun. These two pieces of information allow the ____31____ to determine the way to go. ____32____, it manages to reach where it will spend the winter.
The solution to the mystery of the monarch’s amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble. Its ____33____ has crashed by as much as 90 per cent in the last few years. ____34____, human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling. The research on the monarch’s ____35____ has however led to a greater awareness of this creature.
21. A. annual B. monthly C. daily D. unusual
22. A. buy B. find C. send D. drop
23. A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter
24. A. easy B. disappointing C. exciting D. difficult
25. A. travel B. run C. drive D. crawl
26. A. north B. south C. east D. west
27. A. Soon B. Therefore C. However D. Besides
28. A. habitat B. problem C. way D. answer
29. A. adapt B. adjust C. tell D. memorize
30. A. size B. position C. heat D. color
31. A. scientist B. professor C. flight D. butterfly
32. A. Eventually B. Immediately C. Frequently D. Obviously
33. A. consumption B. income C. population D. output
34. A. Hopefully B. Sadly C. Usually D. Gradually
35. A. eyes B. wings C. determination D. behaviour
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北美帝王蝶的迁徙行为及它们是如何具备这种迁徙能力的，并介绍了北美帝王蝶数量减少的现状。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种每年的迁移被称为迁徙。A. annual每年的；B. monthly每月的；C. daily每日的，日常的；D. unusual不寻常的。根据上文“Many animals move from one place to another at certain times of the year.”可知，句中指在一年中的特定时间从一个地方移动到另一个地方，由此可知，这是一种每年的迁移行为。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们迁徙是为了找到食物，或是为了寻找更温暖的天气。A. buy买；B. find找到；C. send发送；D. drop落下，掉下。根据句中“in search of warmer weather”和生活常识可知，动物迁徙是为了找到食物，或者寻找更温暖的天气，“find”与“in search of”呼应。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每年秋天，数以百万计的这种长着黑橙相间翅膀的美丽昆虫开始了漫长而困难的旅程。A. spring春天；B. summer夏天；C. autumn秋天；D. winter冬天。根据句中“begin a long and _____ journey”和生活常识可知，北美帝王蝶开始迁徙的时间应该是每年秋天，它们会去更温暖的地方。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每年秋天，数以百万计的这种长着黑橙相间翅膀的美丽昆虫开始了漫长而困难的旅程。A. easy容易的；B. disappointing令人失望的；C. exciting令人兴奋的；D. difficult困难的。根据下文“around 4,000 kilometres”可知，为了到达目的地，它们要飞行约4000公里，由此可知，这是一段困难的旅程。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：以某种方式，它们设法向南行进了约4000公里，找到了去加利福尼亚或墨西哥的路。A. travel行进；B. run跑；C. drive驾驶；D. crawl爬。根据上文“One of the most wonderful migrations in nature is that of the North American monarch butterfly.”可知，文中介绍的是北美帝王蝶的迁徙行为，由此可知，句中指它们的迁徙行进了约4000公里。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：以某种方式，它们设法向南行进了约4000公里，找到了去加利福尼亚或墨西哥的路。A. north向北；B. south向南；C. east向东；D. west向西。根据句中“find their way to California or Mexico”可知，要想到达加利福尼亚或墨西哥，北美帝王蝶应该向南行进。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，直到最近，没有人知道它们是如何做到这一点的。A. Soon很快；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Besides此外。根据句中“until recently no one knew how they did this”可知，上下文为转折关系，虽然人们知道北美帝王蝶的迁徙能力，然而，人们却不知道它们是如何做到这一点的。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：华盛顿大学Eli Shlizerman教授领导的一个科学家团队现在找到了答案。A. habitat栖息地；B. problem问题；C. way方法；D. answer答案。根据下文“These two pieces of information allow the _____ to determine the way to go.”可知，Eli Shlizerman教授领导的科学家团队发现了北美帝王蝶确定前进的道路的方法，由此可知，团队发现了北美帝王蝶能够找到去加利福尼亚或墨西哥的路的答案。故选D项。
29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们发现，帝王蝶能够辨别一天的时间。A. adapt适应；B. adjust调整；C. tell辨别；D. memorize记住。根据下文“It uses its eyes to measure the _____ of the sun.”可知，帝王蝶能够用眼睛测量太阳的位置，由此可知，用这种方式，它们能够辨别一天的时间。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它用眼睛测量太阳的位置。A. size大小，尺寸；B. position位置；C. heat热度；D. color颜色。根据上文“the monarch is able to _____ the time of day”可知，句中介绍的是帝王蝶如何辨别一天的时间，由此可知，它们是通过用眼睛测量太阳的位置来辨别一天的时间。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这两条信息可以让蝴蝶决定前进的方向。A. scientist科学家；B. professor教授；C. flight航班；D. butterfly蝴蝶。根据上文“the monarch is able to _____ the time of day”可知，上文介绍的是帝王蝶如何辨别一天的时间，由此可知，帝王蝶能够辨别时间的能力可以让这种蝴蝶决定前进的方向。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，它成功地到达了过冬的地方。A. Eventually最后；B. Immediately立即；C. Frequently频繁地；D. Obviously明显地。根据句中“it manages to reach where it will spend the winter”可知，凭借自身的能力，帝王蝶找到前进的方向，最后，成功地到达了过冬的地方。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去几年中，它的数量锐减了90%。A. consumption消耗；B. income收入；C. population人口数量，（生物）群体；D. output产量。根据下文“human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling”可知，人类活动是帝王蝶数量下降的主要原因，由此可知，帝王蝶的数量锐减了90%。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸地，人类活动是帝王蝶数量下降的主要原因。A. Hopefully有希望地；B. Sadly不幸地；C. Usually通常；D. Gradually逐渐地。根据句中“human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling”可知，人类活动是帝王蝶数量下降的主要原因，由此可知，这是不幸的情况。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，对帝王蝶行为的研究使人们对这种生物有了更多的认识。A. eyes眼睛；B. wings翅膀；C. determination决心；D. behaviour行为。根据上文“One of the most wonderful migrations in nature is that of the North American monarch butterfly.”可知，科学家研究的是北美帝王蝶的迁徙行为，对这种行为的研究使人们对这种生物有了更多的认识。故选D项。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填人1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Legend has it that tofu was discovered by a health-conscious Chinese prince named Liu An more than 2, 000 years ___36___when he was making an elixir (丹药). He realized that soy milk ___37___(leave) in certain conditions coagulated (凝固) and developed a pudding-like substance and that was the beginning of tofu. It’s ___38___ (universal) believed that Buddhist monks visiting China brought tofu back to neighboring countries like Japan.
___39___ East Asia has been eating tofu for more than 1, 000 years, it took a lot longer for it to catch on globally. Benjamin Franklin, one of the United State’s founding fathers, wrote a letter____40____some soy beans attached while he was in London, praising it as a “Chinese cheese” in 1770. The letter was one of the earliest___41___ (document) on record that mentioned tofu in the West. Li Shizeng, an enthusiast for tofu, is often credited with making tofu a more widely accepted food outside of Asia. It’s said that he was first sent by the Chinese government to attend a French military school. He ended up ___42___(study) at the agricultural school in Montargis and were____43____(passion) about promoting tofu in France.
Nowadays, tofu ___44___(serve) in a modern way. In many fine dining restaurants, the tasting menu is designed around ___45___(it) textures. The dishes and ingredients change according to the seasons. For example, in one of the restaurants, the current menu starts with the texture “Silken”, represented by tofu.
【答案】36. ago
37. left 38. universally
39. Although##Though##While
40. with 41. documents
42. studying
43. passionate
44. is served
45. its
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了豆腐的起源和发展。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：传说2000多年前，中国一位注重健康的太子刘安在制作长生不老药时发现了豆腐。根据所给句子分析可知，此句在陈述一个过去的传说，因此需要使用时间副词ago表示一般过去时，故填ago。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他意识到剩下的豆浆在一定条件下会凝固，并形成一种类似布丁的物质，这就是豆腐的起源。根据所给句子分析可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰soy milk，leave和soy milk是逻辑被动关系，因此需使用过去分词，故填left。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：人们普遍认为，游历中国的佛教僧侣把豆腐带回了日本等邻国。根据所给句子分析可知 ，此处需使用副词作状语修饰动词believed，故填universally。
【39题详解】
考查状语从句连词。句意：尽管东亚人吃豆腐的历史已经超过了1000年，但它花了很长时间才在全球流行起来。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用连词引导从句，与下句构成主从复合句，根据句意可知，此处表达让步关系表达“尽管、虽然……，但是……”，although/though/while引导让步状语从句，首字母大写，故填Although/Though/While。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：1770年，美国开国元勋之一的本杰明富兰克林在伦敦写了一封信，信中附上了一些黄豆，称赞它是“中国奶酪”。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要介词with与非谓语动词attached搭配，构成with some soy beans attached复合结构，表示“信中附带一些黄豆”，故填with。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：这封信是西方记载的最早提到豆腐的文件之一。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用名词，被形容词earliest修饰，由句中one of可知，此处需要使用名词复数形式，故填documents。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他最终在蒙塔吉斯的农业学校学习，并热衷于在法国推广豆腐。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用非谓语动词作end up doing sth. (以做某事结束)的宾语，且与主语he是主动关系，因此需要使用动名词形式，故填studying。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他最终在蒙塔吉斯的农业学校学习，并热衷于在法国推广豆腐。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用形容词做were的表语，构成be passionate about结构，表示“热衷于……”，故填passionate。
【44题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：现在，豆腐的供应（即烹饪）方式很现代。根据所给句子中的时间状语“nowadays (现如今)”可知，此句描述一般现在时的动作，主语tofu与谓语serve是被动关系，因此需要使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语tofu不可数名词，谓语单数形式。故填is served。
【45题详解】
考查物主代词。句意：在很多高级餐厅，试吃菜单都是围绕它的纹理设计的。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用形容词性物主代词修饰名词textures。故填its。
第四部分 写作(满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你校英语报下周将举办题为“The Scientist I Admire Most”的英语征文比赛。请你用英语写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1. 人物事迹介绍：从钱学森、袁隆平、林巧稚、屠呦呦中任选一位；
2. 崇拜的理由。
注意: 1. 词数80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The Scientist I Admire Most
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 The Scientist I Admire Most
There are many outstanding scientists in the world. Among those, I admire Yuan Longping most.
Dr. Yuan devotes himself to doing research on the rice output. Since his young age, Yuan had devoted himself to boosting rice yields, which became his life goal. Through many years’ research, his efforts paid off. His super hybrid rice has a high output and helps feed people at home and abroad.
It is Yuan Longping’s hard-working spirit and perseverance that make him succeed. He is my role model and has been inspiring me to study hard.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇英语短文投稿，介绍一位自己最崇拜的科学家。
【详解】1.词汇积累
杰出的：outstanding→excellent
致力于……：devote oneself to…→apply oneself to…
目标：goal→aim
毅力：perseverance→willpower
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：There are many outstanding scientists in the world.
拓展句：There are many outstanding scientists who have contributed a lot to our world in the world.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Since his young age, Yuan had devoted himself to boosting rice yields, which became his life goal. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】It is Yuan Longping’s hard-working spirit and perseverance that make him succeed. (运用了强调句型，强调句子主语“Yuan Longping’s hard-working spirit and perseverance”)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
New Beginnings
My sister and I weren’t exactly what you would call close. I was three years younger, and I thought she walked on water. Everything she did was perfect, and I wanted to be just like her when I grew up. If she wore her hair in twin braids with a pink clip one day, the next day I wore mine exactly the same way. I used to follow her and her friends around, begging to be included, but there isn’t much room in a thirteen-year-old’s life for a annoying ten-year-old sister. As a result, over time, my worship of her became indifference. We were strangers living in the same house, eating together but never communicating.
So when she sat me down last year and told me she’d be going to Israel to study abroad for ten months, I wasn’t too concerned. I figured I would get to wear the clothes she left behind and use her CD player. That was the only way I thought her leaving would affect me.
That first night after she left, I sat in my room and tried to do homework. I couldn’t shake the feeling that something was wrong, something was missing. The house was too quiet. No Tova’s CD player and no Tova’s voice giggling on the phone with her friends. Sitting there, I realized just how different it was without her in the house. Even though we didn’t always speak, I had felt safe just knowing she was near.
I cried that night. I cried over all the years we had wasted trying to live our own lives and ignoring each other’s. I cried that I couldn’t even give her a hug before she boarded her plane. But as the night wore on, my tears changed to tears of calm, tears of new beginnings.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I picked up the phone and called her halfway across the world.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Finally she spoke.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 I picked up the phone and called her halfway across the world.“Hello?”Her voice sounded as if it came from the room nearby and not South Africa.“Hey,Tova. It’s me, Sara. I just called to tell you I love you.” My words came out in a rush. I knew that if I stopped in the middle, I wouldn’t have the courage to continue. “I know we aren’t as close as some sisters, but that doesn’t mean I’m not missing you.”For a long time, there was only silence on the other end.
Finally, she spoke. “I’ve been sitting here, all alone, thinking about you back home,” she said. “Your voice makes me feel as if I’m right there with you.” And before she hung up she said, very quickly just as I had, “I love you, too.”I’m counting down the days until my sister returns home, so I can say, “I’m so glad to have you home”.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者姐妹之间的感情。刚开始作者她们住在一起，但是觉得有没有对方无所谓，但是当姐姐去国外，作者开始想念姐姐。作者给姐姐打电话告诉她，自己一直想着姐姐，等她回来。
【详解】①由第一段首句内容“我拿起电话，在地球的另一端打给她。”可知，第一段可描写作者打电话给姐姐诉说想念。
②由第二段首句内容“最后，她说话了。”可知，第二段可描写作者姐姐也表达自己对妹妹的思念。
2.续写线索：打电话——诉说想念——沉默——姐姐回应——开心——等待
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.来自：come from/be from
②.知道：know/be aware of
③.回来：return/come back
情绪类
①.亲密的：close/intimate
②.高兴的：glad/pleased/cheerful
【点睛】[高分句型1].I knew that if I stopped in the middle, I wouldn’t have the courage to continue. （由that引导宾语从句和if引导的虚拟语气）
[高分句型2].I’ve been sitting here, all alone, thinking about you back home,（现在分词作状语，表示主动关系）
2022-2023学年第一学期高二年级学科素养检测
英语试题
满分150分。考试用时120分钟。
注意事项:
1. 答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。
2. 每小题选出答案后, 用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上。在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分 听力(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共5小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?
A. £19. 15.
B. £ 9. 18.
C. £ 9. 15.
答案是C。
1. What will the man do tonight?
A. Study for his exams. B. Go to a concert. C. Enjoy the fireworks.
2. What is most probably the man’s life like?
A. Stressful. B. Busy. C. Relaxing.
3. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Neighbors. B. Mother and son. C. House agent and client.
4. What does the woman ask the man to do?
A. Seek some advice. B. Make a decision. C. Cook dinner at home.
5. Why does Molly want to stay at a hotel?
A. It costs less money.
B. It’s near the scenic spots.
C. It may be more comfortable.
第二节(共15小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。
6. How many Christmas presents will the speakers give out?
A. 12. B. 10. C. 6.
7. Where are the speakers most probably?
A. At home. B. At a mall. C. On the street.
听第7段材料, 回答第8至10题。
8. How did Mark learn to make French cookies?
A. He used a cookbook. B. He turned to his mother. C. He learned at a bakeshop.
9. What does the woman think of making cookies?
A. Difficult. B. Interesting. C. Easy.
10. When will the speakers meet?
A. On Friday. B. On Saturday. C. On Sunday.
听第8段材料, 回答第11至13题。
11. What was the weather like yesterday?
A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Snowy.
12. How did the policeman save the dog?
A. He asked someone for help.
B. He broke the ice with a stone.
C. He pulled the dog with a branch.
13. Who is Mike probably speaking to?
A. His teacher. B. His classmate. C. The dog’s owner.
听第9段材料, 回答第14至17题。
14. Which book is Lisa reading recently?
A. You Are Fantastic. B. Rain Before Rainbows. C. Happy Dreamer.
15. Why does the man recommend Peter H. Reynolds’ book?
A. It inspires children to have dreams.
B. It develops children’s sense of sharing.
C. It teaches children to overcome difficulties.
16. What can readers learn from You Are Fantastic?
A. How they make friends.
B. How great they are.
C. How they form good habits.
17. Where does Lisa usually read books?
A. At a bookstore. B. At a library. C. At Susan’s home.
听第10段材料, 回答第18至20题。
18. Why does the speaker search on the Internet?
A. To find movies. B. To study English. C. To learn about cinemas.
19. What is the speaker’s habit while watching an English movie?
A. Trying to understand every word.
B. Memorizing the very difficult lines.
C. Writing down new words sometimes.
20. What does the speaker mainly talk about?
A. How she learns English by watching movies.
B. Why she learns informal expressions.
C. What kind of movies she likes.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Four winter wonderlands for cold-weather getaways
◆ JW Marriott The Rosseau Muskoka
Beat any holiday stress with the new HydroSpa opening at Muskoka’s JW Marriott on Nov. 1. The outdoor water entertainment will be open year-round, offering multiple ways to relax including sea-salt floating pools and hot bathtubs.
Stays from $349 / night
◆ Old Stone Inn Boutique Hotel
This historic inn in Niagara Falls offers multiple ways to relax. There’s Winterfest, meals enjoyed in dining domes(穹顶)housed in the inn’s private square, and the Alpine Club offering roasted nuts and wine around a fire pit. The property will host its annual holiday market on Nov. 26.
Stays from $249 / night
◆ Dromoland Castle
If you’re going to go big—and further away—for New Year’s, you may as well go black tie. This grand estate in western Ireland is offering a three - night celebration package, beginning either Dec. 30 or 31. The event on New Year’s Eve includes a cocktail reception and six-course dinner. Guests will have access to various activities on the property’s 450 acres including hunting and farming.
Stays from $2,051 / night
◆ St. Regis Aspen
Along with access to many ski options, the hotel’s guests can expect family-friendly fun during the week leading up to Dec. 25. The workshop here is a craft room where attendees can make everything from toys to gifts by hand. Additional sessions cover winter cooking and house decorating.
Stays from US $899 / night
1. How often is the holiday market open in Old Stone Inn Boutique Hotel?
A. Yearly. B. Daily. C. Monthly. D. Weekly.
2. What activities can you enjoy if you stay at St. Regis Aspen?
A. Hunting. B. Floating. C. Skating. D. DIY.
3. Which may offer life experience in the countryside?
A. St. Regis Aspen. B. Old Stone Inn Boutique Hotel.
C. Dromoland Castle. D. JW Marriott The Rosseau Muskoka.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个冬季避寒胜地。
【详解】1.细节理解题。由Old Stone Inn Boutique Hotel这一部分中的“The property will host its annual holiday market on Nov. 26.”（该酒店将于11月26日举办一年一度的假日市场。）可知，Old Stone Inn Boutique Hotel的假日市场一年举办一次。故选A项。
2.细节理解题。由St. Regis Aspen这一部分中的“Santa’s Workshop is a craft room where attendees can make everything from toys to gifts by hand.”（圣诞老人的工作室是一个工艺室，参加者可以手工制作从玩具到礼物的所有东西。）可知，在St. Regis Aspen里，参加者可以手工制作自己喜欢的东西。故选D项。
3.细节理解题。由Dromoland Castle这一部分中的“Guests will have access to various activities on the property’s 450 acres including hunting and farming.”（客人将可以在这酒店450英亩的地域里参加各种活动，包括狩猎和农业。）可知，游客可以在Dromoland Castle里体验乡村生活。故选C项。
B
Even when communing with nature we depend on technology for help-but then, so did Thoreau at Walden Pond.
Walking in the same woods yesterday, I let myself wander at random, communing with nature.
I took in beautiful scenery near and far thanks to my progressive-lens eyeglasses. Occasionally I’d pull out my smartphone to take pictures on anything interesting. I recorded an inner monologue (独白) with a background of all sounds of the forest. At times, I consulted my smart watch to check on my heartbeat, mileage and calorie burn. Eventually I realized I was quite lost. Not a problem of course. Online maps came to my rescue.
But something bothered me. In what I’d intended as a nature experience, here I was using very high technology to help myself out. This insight set off a reconsideration of everything that happened during my “nature walk”, which had been technologically enhanced every step of the way. I’d been functioning as a man-machine combination: a cyborg.
What would the true naturalist Thoreau think of that? My first thought was that he’d be shocked. But later I did some research. Thoreau enjoyed what his spyglass discovered, like this eagle from his journal:
Lying on the ground with my glass, I could watch him very easily…till I almost lost him in the clouds… I think I have got the worth of my glass now that it has revealed to me the white- headed eagle.
Famously, Thoreau always set out equipped with a walking stick, which he used not only for support but also to take measurements of water and snow levels. His hat was also a tool, which he called his “botany-box”. And he was prepared even with needles and thread, so when coming out of the woods, he was “the best dressed”. Clearly, Thoreau was a bit of a cyborg himself.
Thinking more deeply, I realized we’ve come a long way from our hunter-gatherer ancestors, who walked from necessity and relied on nature’s gift. Cyborgs are us.
4 What does the underlined part “communing with nature” probably mean in paragraph 1?
A. Enjoying the nature in a quiet peaceful way.
B. Searching for wild animals and birds.
C. Wandering in nature with high-tech equipment.
D. Singing and dancing happily in nature.
5. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To recommend Thoreau’s book Walden Pond.
B. To argue that humans have developed into cyborgs.
C. To share the reflections on man’s reliance on nature.
D. To question whether people are technology-dependent.
6. Which picture best illustrates a cyborg in the author’s eye?
A. B.
C. D.
7. Why does the author quote Thoreau’s journal?
A. To prove that even naturalists use technology.
B. To introduce a literary work on nature.
C. To describe the natural beauty Thoreau enjoyed.
D. To explain how to prepare for a nature walk.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过分析我们人类对技术的依赖，并引用自然学家梭罗的事例，说明了我们人类已进化成半机械人。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“Even when communing with nature we depend on technology for help-but then, so did Thoreau at Walden Pond. (即使在与自然交流时，我们依靠技术获得帮助，但当时在瓦尔登湖，梭罗也是如此)”及第二段“Walking in the same woods yesterday, I let myself wander at random, communing with nature.(昨天走在同一片树林里，我让自己随意漫步，与大自然交流)”可推知，划线词组“communing with nature”指的是“在独自平静享受自然的时刻”。故选A项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Even when communing with nature we depend on technology for help — but then, so did Thoreau (梭罗) at Walden Pond (瓦尔登湖).(即使在与自然交流时，我们也依赖技术来帮助——但是，沃尔登湖的梭罗也是如此)”可知，我们都是依赖技术的，自然学家梭罗也是如此；再根据最后一段“Thinking more deeply, I realized we’ve come a long way from our hunter-gatherer ancestors, who walked from necessity and relied on nature’s gift. Cyborgs are us.(更深入地思考，我意识到我们已经从狩猎采集的祖先那里走了很长一段路，他们从需要出发，依靠大自然的恩赐。半机械人就是我们)”可推知，本文的目的是为了说明人类已经进化为半机械人。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“This insight set off a reconsideration of everything that happened during my “nature walk”, which had been technologically enhanced every step of the way. I’d been functioning as a man-machine combination: a cyborg. (这一见解引发了我对“自然漫步”中发生的一切的重新思考，“自然漫步”的每一步都得到了技术的强化。 我一直扮演着人机结合的角色：一个半机械人)”可知，作者眼中的半机械人应该是人机结合，选项C的图片中即有人又有机器，符合题意。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段三四句“But later I did some research. Thoreau enjoyed what his spyglass discovered, like this eagle from his journal(但后来我做了一些研究。梭罗喜欢望远镜的发现，就像日记里的这只鹰)”和第六段第二句“I think I have got the worth of my glass now that it has revealed to me the white-headed eagle.(我想我已经得到了我的望远镜的价值，因为它让我看到了白头鹰)”可知，自然学家梭罗是肯定了望远镜的作用。由此推知，作者引用梭罗的日记是为了证明即使自然学家也会使用科技。故选A项。
C
Being highly connected to a strong social network has its benefits. Now a new study is showing the same goes for trees, thanks to their underground neighbors. The study is the first to show that the growth of adult trees is linked to their participation in fungal (真菌) networks living in the forest soil. Though past research has focused on young trees, these findings give new insight into the importance of fungal networks to older trees, which are more environmentally beneficial for functions like capturing carbon.
“Large trees make up the main part of the forest, so they drive what the forest is doing, ” said researcher Joseph Birch, who led the study. When they live in the forest soil, fungal net- works act as a sort of highway, allowing water, nutrients and compounds to flow back and forth among the trees. The network also helps nutrients flow to resource-limited trees like family units that support one another in times of stress.
Cores (核心) taken from 350 Douglas firs (花旗松) showed that annual tree ring growth was related to the extent of fungal connections a tree had with other trees. They had much higher growth than those that had only a few connections. The research also showed that trees with more connections to many unique fungi had much greater growth than those with only one or two connections. “If you have this network that is helping trees grow faster, that helps capture more carbon year after year. These networks may help trees grow more steadily even as conditions become more stressful, and could even help protect them against death. ” said Birch.
Birch hopes his findings lead to further studies in different kinds of forests in other geographical areas, because it’s likely that the connections among trees change from year to year. He said, “Knowing whether fungal networks are operating the same way in other tree species could inform how we reforest areas after harvesting them, and inform how we plant trees to preserve these networks. ”
8. In what way do the new findings differ from the previous ones?
A. They demonstrate a new way to capture carbon.
B. They confirm the benefits of fungal networks.
C. They clarify misunderstandings of fungal networks.
D. They reveal the value of fungal networks to adult trees.
9. How do fungal networks help trees?
A. By fighting against diseases.
B. By bettering forest soil conditions.
C. By acting as the center of family units.
D. By maintaining the balance of resources.
10. What does the underlined word “those” refer to in Paragraph 3?
A. Tree rings. B. Cores from firs.
C. Douglas firs. D. Fungal networks.
11. What can be inferred from Joseph Birch’s words in the last paragraph?
A. The fungal networks support one another in times of stress.
B. The fungal networks enable us to know more about reforestation.
C. The findings can apply to different kinds of forests in other geographical areas.
D. The networks will help trees grow steadily if conditions become more stressful.
【答案】8. D 9. D 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导读】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述一项新的研究发现，成树的生长与它们参与生活在森林土壤中的真菌网络有关。这些土壤里面的真菌网络给树木的生长提供了有利条件。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The study is the first to show that the growth of adult trees is linked to their participation in fungal(真菌)networks living in the forest soil. Though past research has focused on young trees, these findings give new insight into the importance of fungal networks to older trees, which are more environmentally beneficial for functions like capturing carbon.(这项研究首次表明，成树的生长与它们参与生活在森林土壤中的真菌网络有关。虽然过去的研究主要集中在年轻的树木上，但这些发现为真菌网络对老树的重要性提供了新的见解，这些真菌网络对捕获碳等功能更有利于环境。)”可知，本次研究是首次关注成树的生长，以及真菌网络与其的关系。而之前的研究更多集中是对幼年树木的研究，所以新发现与以前的发现有所不同。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“When they live in the forest soil, fungal net- works act as a sort of highway, allowing water, nutrients and compounds to flow back and forth among the trees. The network also helps nutrients flow to resource-limited trees like family units that support one another in times of stress.(当它们生活在森林土壤中时，真菌网就像一种高速公路，让水、营养物质和化合物在树木之间来回流动。该网络还有助于营养物质流向资源有限的树木，就像家庭单位一样，在压力下相互支持。)”可知，本段讲述了真菌网络是如何帮助树木获取营养物质，并且不同的营养物质通过网络来回流动可以达到一种资源平衡方式，有助于树木生长。故选D项。
【10题详解】
词汇猜测题。根据第三段“Cores taken from 350 Douglas firs showed that annual tree ring growth was related to the extent of fungal connections a tree had with other trees. They had much higher growth than those that had only a few connections.(从350棵道格拉斯花旗松中提取的核心显示，树木年轮的生长与一棵树与其他树木之间真菌联系的程度有关。它们比那些只有少量连接的植物生长得快得多。)”可知，本段是用花旗松举例子，说明树木年轮与真菌网络有关系，本句中“they”和“those”都是指代花旗松。A项Tree rings树木年轮；B项Cores from firs 花旗松核心；C项Douglas firs 花旗松；D项Fungal networks真菌网络。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“He said, ‘Knowing whether fungal networks are operating the same way in other tree species could inform how we reforest areas after harvesting them, and inform how we plant trees to preserve these networks.’ (他说：‘了解真菌网络是否在其他树种上以同样的方式运作，可以告诉我们在收获它们后如何重新造林，以及我们如何种植树木来保护这些网络。’)”可知，Joseph Birch认为真菌网络可以告诉我们如何重新造林，所以了解真菌网络有助于植树造林。故选B项。
D
When it comes to work, workers, and jobs, much of the concern of the modern age boils down to the fear that we’re witnessing the final stage of the game, and that there will be nowhere for humans to withdraw as machines take over the last few tasks. The most recent example comes from the use of artificial intelligence (AI). Is there no area of human experience that can’t be replaced by AI? And if not, what is left for humans to do except the tasks involved in taking care of the machines?
At the heart of this concern is our desire for good jobs — jobs that make the most of workers’ natural abilities and where the work provides the worker with motivation and work-life balance. More importantly, good jobs support workers in learning by doing — and, in so doing, deliver benefits on three levels: to the worker, who gains in personal development and job satisfaction; to the organization, which reforms as staff find new problems to solve and opportunities to pursue; and to the community as a whole, which harvests the economic benefits of hosting positive organizations and workers. This is what makes good jobs productive for the organization, as well as engaging and fulfilling for the worker.
Does the ongoing advance of AI threaten to get rid of all the learning, creativity, and meaning that make a job a good job? Certainly, some have blamed technology for just such an outcome. Headlines today often express concern over technological innovation resulting in bad jobs for humans, or even the complete disappearance of certain professions. Some fear that further technology advancement in the workplace will result in jobs where employees are being asked to work in split times or for longer periods over more days.
The problem here isn’t the technology; rather, it’s the way the technology is used — and, more than that, the way people think about using it.
12. What is the passage mainly about?
A. How to take care of the AI machines.
B. The relations between workers and jobs.
C. The human’s fears in the age of AI.
D. Human experiences were replaced by AI.
13 What jobs are supposed to be good according to the passage?
A. Those that mainly have the economic benefits.
B. The ones that offer chances to progress professionally.
C Those that make full use of workers’ motivation.
D. The ones that don’t bring new problems to workers.
14. How do news media respond to the development of AI?
A. Negative. B. Supportive. C. Optimistic. D. Unknown.
15. What will the author probably talk about next?
A. The future jobs humans will do.
B. The application of AI in the future.
C. The ways that humans do jobs.
D. The proper attitude towards AI.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能时代人类的恐惧。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“When it comes to work, workers, and jobs, much of the concern of the modern age boils down to the fear that we’re witnessing the final stage of the game, and that there will be nowhere for humans to withdraw as machines take over the last few tasks.(当谈到工作、工人和任务时，现代社会的许多担忧都可以归结为一种恐惧：我们正在见证游戏的最后阶段，当机器接管最后几项任务时，人类将无处可退)”并结合下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了人工智能时代人类的恐惧。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“More importantly, good jobs support workers in learning by doing — and, in so doing, deliver benefits on three levels(更重要的是，好的工作支持员工在实践中学习，并在这样做的过程中，在三个层面上为员工带来好处)”可知，好的工作是能提供职业进步的机会。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Headlines today often express concern over technological innovation(革新) resulting in bad jobs for humans, or even the complete disappearance of certain professions.(今天的头条新闻经常表达对技术创新导致人类的坏工作，甚至某些职业的完全消失的担忧)”可知，新闻媒体对于人工智能的发展的态度是消极的。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The problem here isn’t the technology; rather, it’s the way the technology is used —— and, more than that, the way people think about using it.(这里的问题不在于技术；而是技术的使用方式，更重要的是人们考虑使用它的方式)”可知，本段介绍了真正的问题所在——人类考虑如何适用讲述。从而推断接下来作者可能会谈论如何正确对待AI。故选D
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Workplace communication skills can either help your career, or they can stop it dead in its tracks. For leaders, effective communication can motivate teams, ___16___ For independent contributors, communication skills can earn opportunities that get them closer to their goals-or they can affect promotions and limit career growth.
We may know communication is important, but employees at all levels make ongoing mis- takes that make their work lives harder. ___17___
Start with your attitude
Words are only a piece of the communication puzzle. If your body language is poor, or you avoid eye contact, your coworkers may assume you’re not very interested in speaking to them. ___18___
To communicate more effectively at work, your first action item is checking your attitude. Are you fully present during every interaction-___19___
Approaching every conversation with openness and your undivided attention enhances the quality of workplace communication.
Show, don’t always tell
___20___ The next time you’re considering sending out a list of detailed instructions, consider showing your team how to complete the task by doing it in front of them first.
Visuals like images and video not only enhance and speed comprehension, they can also add levity and humor to workplace communication. Use short video clips and screenshots to ex- plain complex tasks and problems-and the occasional meme to make everyone laugh.
A. Here are 2 ways to communicate more effectively at work.
B. while poor communication can push good employees out the door.
C. If a picture’s worth a thousand words, a demo may be worth a million.
D. and make things like taking polls during team meetings a regular practice.
E. Misunderstandings at work are usually the byproduct of communication breakdowns.
F. or do you allow other priorities to get in the way of connecting with people in real-time?
G. The same goes for paying more attention to your laptop or phone than the conversation at hand.
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. E 19. F 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲的是工作场所的沟通技巧的重要性以及如何提高工作场所的沟通技巧。
【16题详解】
根据上文中的“For leaders, effective communication can motivate teams,(对于领导者来说，有效的沟通可以激励团队，)”可知，此处讲述的是有效交流给团队带来的好处，而B选项“while poor communication can push good employees out the door.(而沟通不畅可能会将优秀的员工赶出门外。)”讲述的是无效交流带来的问题，与上文形成对比，而且交流对象都与员工有关系。故选B项。
【17题详解】
根据上文中的“We may know communication is important, but employees at all levels make ongoing mis- takes that make their work lives harder.(我们可能知道沟通很重要，但各级员工都会犯错误，使他们的工作更加艰难。)”可知，沟通的方式不对可能产生一些问题，由此引出下文改如何解决问题，结合下文中的两个建议可知，此空引出下文，A选项“Here are 2 ways to communicate more effectively at work.(以下是在工作中更有效地沟通的两种方法。)”符合上下文语境。故选A项。
【18题详解】
根据空格的位置可知，此处是对该段的总结概括，结合上文中的“If your body language is poor, or you avoid eye contact, your coworkers may assume you’re not very interested in speaking to them.(如果你的肢体语言很差，或者你避免眼神交流，你的同事可能会认为你对和他们说话不是很感兴趣。)”可知，此处讲述的是无效交流产生的误会，E选项“Misunderstandings at work are usually the byproduct of communication breakdowns.(工作中的误解通常是沟通中断的副产品。)”讲述的是误会是沟通中断的产物，是对该段的总结，符合题意。故选E项。
【19题详解】
根据空格前的“Are you fully present during every interaction(您是否在每次互动中都完全在场)”可知，此处是一般疑问句，对你沟通交流的态度提出疑问，所以F选项“or do you allow other priorities to get in the way of connecting with people in real-time?(还是你允许其他优先事项妨碍与人实时联系？)”中涉及的内容与空前内容吻合，且句式一致。故选F项。
【20题详解】
根据该段的小标题“Show, don’t always tell(展示，不要总是告诉)”可知，该段讲述的内容是多去展示，不要总是告诉，而该空应该为主题服务，C选项“If a picture’s worth a thousand words, a demo may be worth a million.(如果一张图片胜过千言万语，那么一个演示可能值一百万。)”说明的是展示的价值，内容与主题吻合。故选C项。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节, 满分45分)
第一节完形填空(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
Many animals move from one place to another at certain times of the year. This ___21___ movement is called migration (迁徙). They migrate to ___22___ food or in search of warmer weather. One of the most wonderful migrations in nature is that of the North American monarch butterfly.
Every ___23___, millions of these beautiful insects with fine black and orange wings begin a long and ___24___ journey. Somehow they manage to ___25___ around 4,000 kilometres ___26___ and find their way to California or Mexico. ___27___, until recently no one knew how they did this. A team of scientists led by Professor Eli Shlizerman at the University of Washington has now found the ___28___. They have found out that the monarch is able to ___29___ the time of day. It uses its eyes to measure the ____30____ of the sun. These two pieces of information allow the ____31____ to determine the way to go. ____32____, it manages to reach where it will spend the winter.
The solution to the mystery of the monarch’s amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble. Its ____33____ has crashed by as much as 90 per cent in the last few years. ____34____, human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling. The research on the monarch’s ____35____ has however led to a greater awareness of this creature.
21. A. annual B. monthly C. daily D. unusual
22. A. buy B. find C. send D. drop
23. A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter
24. A. easy B. disappointing C. exciting D. difficult
25. A. travel B. run C. drive D. crawl
26. A. north B. south C. east D. west
27. A. Soon B. Therefore C. However D. Besides
28. A. habitat B. problem C. way D. answer
29. A. adapt B. adjust C. tell D. memorize
30. A. size B. position C. heat D. color
31. A. scientist B. professor C. flight D. butterfly
32. A. Eventually B. Immediately C. Frequently D. Obviously
33. A. consumption B. income C. population D. output
34. A. Hopefully B. Sadly C. Usually D. Gradually
35. A. eyes B. wings C. determination D. behaviour
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北美帝王蝶的迁徙行为及它们是如何具备这种迁徙能力的，并介绍了北美帝王蝶数量减少的现状。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种每年的迁移被称为迁徙。A. annual每年的；B. monthly每月的；C. daily每日的，日常的；D. unusual不寻常的。根据上文“Many animals move from one place to another at certain times of the year.”可知，句中指在一年中的特定时间从一个地方移动到另一个地方，由此可知，这是一种每年的迁移行为。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们迁徙是为了找到食物，或是为了寻找更温暖的天气。A. buy买；B. find找到；C. send发送；D. drop落下，掉下。根据句中“in search of warmer weather”和生活常识可知，动物迁徙是为了找到食物，或者寻找更温暖的天气，“find”与“in search of”呼应。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每年秋天，数以百万计的这种长着黑橙相间翅膀的美丽昆虫开始了漫长而困难的旅程。A. spring春天；B. summer夏天；C. autumn秋天；D. winter冬天。根据句中“begin a long and _____ journey”和生活常识可知，北美帝王蝶开始迁徙的时间应该是每年秋天，它们会去更温暖的地方。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每年秋天，数以百万计的这种长着黑橙相间翅膀的美丽昆虫开始了漫长而困难的旅程。A. easy容易的；B. disappointing令人失望的；C. exciting令人兴奋的；D. difficult困难的。根据下文“around 4,000 kilometres”可知，为了到达目的地，它们要飞行约4000公里，由此可知，这是一段困难的旅程。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：以某种方式，它们设法向南行进了约4000公里，找到了去加利福尼亚或墨西哥的路。A. travel行进；B. run跑；C. drive驾驶；D. crawl爬。根据上文“One of the most wonderful migrations in nature is that of the North American monarch butterfly.”可知，文中介绍的是北美帝王蝶的迁徙行为，由此可知，句中指它们的迁徙行进了约4000公里。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：以某种方式，它们设法向南行进了约4000公里，找到了去加利福尼亚或墨西哥的路。A. north向北；B. south向南；C. east向东；D. west向西。根据句中“find their way to California or Mexico”可知，要想到达加利福尼亚或墨西哥，北美帝王蝶应该向南行进。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，直到最近，没有人知道它们是如何做到这一点的。A. Soon很快；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Besides此外。根据句中“until recently no one knew how they did this”可知，上下文为转折关系，虽然人们知道北美帝王蝶的迁徙能力，然而，人们却不知道它们是如何做到这一点的。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：华盛顿大学Eli Shlizerman教授领导的一个科学家团队现在找到了答案。A. habitat栖息地；B. problem问题；C. way方法；D. answer答案。根据下文“These two pieces of information allow the _____ to determine the way to go.”可知，Eli Shlizerman教授领导的科学家团队发现了北美帝王蝶确定前进的道路的方法，由此可知，团队发现了北美帝王蝶能够找到去加利福尼亚或墨西哥的路的答案。故选D项。
29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们发现，帝王蝶能够辨别一天的时间。A. adapt适应；B. adjust调整；C. tell辨别；D. memorize记住。根据下文“It uses its eyes to measure the _____ of the sun.”可知，帝王蝶能够用眼睛测量太阳的位置，由此可知，用这种方式，它们能够辨别一天的时间。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它用眼睛测量太阳的位置。A. size大小，尺寸；B. position位置；C. heat热度；D. color颜色。根据上文“the monarch is able to _____ the time of day”可知，句中介绍的是帝王蝶如何辨别一天的时间，由此可知，它们是通过用眼睛测量太阳的位置来辨别一天的时间。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这两条信息可以让蝴蝶决定前进的方向。A. scientist科学家；B. professor教授；C. flight航班；D. butterfly蝴蝶。根据上文“the monarch is able to _____ the time of day”可知，上文介绍的是帝王蝶如何辨别一天的时间，由此可知，帝王蝶能够辨别时间的能力可以让这种蝴蝶决定前进的方向。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，它成功地到达了过冬的地方。A. Eventually最后；B. Immediately立即；C. Frequently频繁地；D. Obviously明显地。根据句中“it manages to reach where it will spend the winter”可知，凭借自身的能力，帝王蝶找到前进的方向，最后，成功地到达了过冬的地方。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去几年中，它的数量锐减了90%。A. consumption消耗；B. income收入；C. population人口数量，（生物）群体；D. output产量。根据下文“human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling”可知，人类活动是帝王蝶数量下降的主要原因，由此可知，帝王蝶的数量锐减了90%。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸地，人类活动是帝王蝶数量下降的主要原因。A. Hopefully有希望地；B. Sadly不幸地；C. Usually通常；D. Gradually逐渐地。根据句中“human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling”可知，人类活动是帝王蝶数量下降的主要原因，由此可知，这是不幸的情况。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，对帝王蝶行为的研究使人们对这种生物有了更多的认识。A. eyes眼睛；B. wings翅膀；C. determination决心；D. behaviour行为。根据上文“One of the most wonderful migrations in nature is that of the North American monarch butterfly.”可知，科学家研究的是北美帝王蝶的迁徙行为，对这种行为的研究使人们对这种生物有了更多的认识。故选D项。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填人1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Legend has it that tofu was discovered by a health-conscious Chinese prince named Liu An more than 2, 000 years ___36___when he was making an elixir (丹药). He realized that soy milk ___37___(leave) in certain conditions coagulated (凝固) and developed a pudding-like substance and that was the beginning of tofu. It’s ___38___ (universal) believed that Buddhist monks visiting China brought tofu back to neighboring countries like Japan.
___39___ East Asia has been eating tofu for more than 1, 000 years, it took a lot longer for it to catch on globally. Benjamin Franklin, one of the United State’s founding fathers, wrote a letter____40____some soy beans attached while he was in London, praising it as a “Chinese cheese” in 1770. The letter was one of the earliest___41___ (document) on record that mentioned tofu in the West. Li Shizeng, an enthusiast for tofu, is often credited with making tofu a more widely accepted food outside of Asia. It’s said that he was first sent by the Chinese government to attend a French military school. He ended up ___42___(study) at the agricultural school in Montargis and were____43____(passion) about promoting tofu in France.
Nowadays, tofu ___44___(serve) in a modern way. In many fine dining restaurants, the tasting menu is designed around ___45___(it) textures. The dishes and ingredients change according to the seasons. For example, in one of the restaurants, the current menu starts with the texture “Silken”, represented by tofu.
【答案】36. ago
37. left 38. universally
39. Although##Though##While
40. with 41. documents
42. studying
43. passionate
44. is served
45. its
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了豆腐的起源和发展。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：传说2000多年前，中国一位注重健康的太子刘安在制作长生不老药时发现了豆腐。根据所给句子分析可知，此句在陈述一个过去的传说，因此需要使用时间副词ago表示一般过去时，故填ago。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他意识到剩下的豆浆在一定条件下会凝固，并形成一种类似布丁的物质，这就是豆腐的起源。根据所给句子分析可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰soy milk，leave和soy milk是逻辑被动关系，因此需使用过去分词，故填left。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：人们普遍认为，游历中国的佛教僧侣把豆腐带回了日本等邻国。根据所给句子分析可知 ，此处需使用副词作状语修饰动词believed，故填universally。
【39题详解】
考查状语从句连词。句意：尽管东亚人吃豆腐的历史已经超过了1000年，但它花了很长时间才在全球流行起来。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用连词引导从句，与下句构成主从复合句，根据句意可知，此处表达让步关系表达“尽管、虽然……，但是……”，although/though/while引导让步状语从句，首字母大写，故填Although/Though/While。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：1770年，美国开国元勋之一的本杰明富兰克林在伦敦写了一封信，信中附上了一些黄豆，称赞它是“中国奶酪”。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要介词with与非谓语动词attached搭配，构成with some soy beans attached复合结构，表示“信中附带一些黄豆”，故填with。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：这封信是西方记载的最早提到豆腐的文件之一。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用名词，被形容词earliest修饰，由句中one of可知，此处需要使用名词复数形式，故填documents。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他最终在蒙塔吉斯的农业学校学习，并热衷于在法国推广豆腐。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用非谓语动词作end up doing sth. (以做某事结束)的宾语，且与主语he是主动关系，因此需要使用动名词形式，故填studying。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他最终在蒙塔吉斯的农业学校学习，并热衷于在法国推广豆腐。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用形容词做were的表语，构成be passionate about结构，表示“热衷于……”，故填passionate。
【44题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：现在，豆腐的供应（即烹饪）方式很现代。根据所给句子中的时间状语“nowadays (现如今)”可知，此句描述一般现在时的动作，主语tofu与谓语serve是被动关系，因此需要使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语tofu不可数名词，谓语单数形式。故填is served。
【45题详解】
考查物主代词。句意：在很多高级餐厅，试吃菜单都是围绕它的纹理设计的。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用形容词性物主代词修饰名词textures。故填its。
第四部分 写作(满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你校英语报下周将举办题为“The Scientist I Admire Most”的英语征文比赛。请你用英语写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1. 人物事迹介绍：从钱学森、袁隆平、林巧稚、屠呦呦中任选一位；
2. 崇拜的理由。
注意: 1. 词数80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The Scientist I Admire Most
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【答案】 The Scientist I Admire Most
There are many outstanding scientists in the world. Among those, I admire Yuan Longping most.
Dr. Yuan devotes himself to doing research on the rice output. Since his young age, Yuan had devoted himself to boosting rice yields, which became his life goal. Through many years’ research, his efforts paid off. His super hybrid rice has a high output and helps feed people at home and abroad.
It is Yuan Longping’s hard-working spirit and perseverance that make him succeed. He is my role model and has been inspiring me to study hard.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇英语短文投稿，介绍一位自己最崇拜的科学家。
【详解】1.词汇积累
杰出的：outstanding→excellent
致力于……：devote oneself to…→apply oneself to…
目标：goal→aim
毅力：perseverance→willpower
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：There are many outstanding scientists in the world.
拓展句：There are many outstanding scientists who have contributed a lot to our world in the world.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Since his young age, Yuan had devoted himself to boosting rice yields, which became his life goal. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】It is Yuan Longping’s hard-working spirit and perseverance that make him succeed. (运用了强调句型，强调句子主语“Yuan Longping’s hard-working spirit and perseverance”)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
New Beginnings
My sister and I weren’t exactly what you would call close. I was three years younger, and I thought she walked on water. Everything she did was perfect, and I wanted to be just like her when I grew up. If she wore her hair in twin braids with a pink clip one day, the next day I wore mine exactly the same way. I used to follow her and her friends around, begging to be included, but there isn’t much room in a thirteen-year-old’s life for a annoying ten-year-old sister. As a result, over time, my worship of her became indifference. We were strangers living in the same house, eating together but never communicating.
So when she sat me down last year and told me she’d be going to Israel to study abroad for ten months, I wasn’t too concerned. I figured I would get to wear the clothes she left behind and use her CD player. That was the only way I thought her leaving would affect me.
That first night after she left, I sat in my room and tried to do homework. I couldn’t shake the feeling that something was wrong, something was missing. The house was too quiet. No Tova’s CD player and no Tova’s voice giggling on the phone with her friends. Sitting there, I realized just how different it was without her in the house. Even though we didn’t always speak, I had felt safe just knowing she was near.
I cried that night. I cried over all the years we had wasted trying to live our own lives and ignoring each other’s. I cried that I couldn’t even give her a hug before she boarded her plane. But as the night wore on, my tears changed to tears of calm, tears of new beginnings.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I picked up the phone and called her halfway across the world.
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Finally she spoke.
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【答案】 I picked up the phone and called her halfway across the world.“Hello?”Her voice sounded as if it came from the room nearby and not South Africa.“Hey,Tova. It’s me, Sara. I just called to tell you I love you.” My words came out in a rush. I knew that if I stopped in the middle, I wouldn’t have the courage to continue. “I know we aren’t as close as some sisters, but that doesn’t mean I’m not missing you.”For a long time, there was only silence on the other end.
Finally, she spoke. “I’ve been sitting here, all alone, thinking about you back home,” she said. “Your voice makes me feel as if I’m right there with you.” And before she hung up she said, very quickly just as I had, “I love you, too.”I’m counting down the days until my sister returns home, so I can say, “I’m so glad to have you home”.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者姐妹之间的感情。刚开始作者她们住在一起，但是觉得有没有对方无所谓，但是当姐姐去国外，作者开始想念姐姐。作者给姐姐打电话告诉她，自己一直想着姐姐，等她回来。
【详解】①由第一段首句内容“我拿起电话，在地球的另一端打给她。”可知，第一段可描写作者打电话给姐姐诉说想念。
②由第二段首句内容“最后，她说话了。”可知，第二段可描写作者姐姐也表达自己对妹妹的思念。
2.续写线索：打电话——诉说想念——沉默——姐姐回应——开心——等待
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.来自：come from/be from
②.知道：know/be aware of
③.回来：return/come back
情绪类
①.亲密的：close/intimate
②.高兴的：glad/pleased/cheerful
【点睛】[高分句型1].I knew that if I stopped in the middle, I wouldn’t have the courage to continue. （由that引导宾语从句和if引导的虚拟语气）
[高分句型2].I’ve been sitting here, all alone, thinking about you back home,（现在分词作状语，表示主动关系）
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