还剩19页未读，
继续阅读
江西省宜春市宜春一中、万载中学、宜丰中学联考2022-2023学年高二英语下学期7月期末试题（Word版附解析）
展开
这是一份江西省宜春市宜春一中、万载中学、宜丰中学联考2022-2023学年高二英语下学期7月期末试题（Word版附解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7， B等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2024届高二(下)英语期末考试试卷
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.How did he man probably get here?
A. By taxi. B. On foot C.By car.
2. What will the woman do next?
A. Go to another airport. B. Call a taxi. C. Get her luggage.
3. How many people on the bus escaped unhurt in the accident?
A. 6. B. 5 C. 4
4. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In the man’s house. B. On a boat. C. In a restaurant.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A book. B. A movie. C. A song.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6-7题。
6. Why did the man refuse the job?
A. His wife didn’t want him to take it.
B. It wasn’t special enough.
C. He couldn’t handle it.
7. What does the woman offer to do at the end?
A. Ask around for a babysitter.
B. Look after the children.
C. Help the man find another job.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Why did the man stop going to the gym?
A He was too busy.
B. He disliked the exercise machines.
C. He found it more convenient to exercise at home.
9. How does the man make himself run faster?
A. By reading magazines. B. By timing himself. C. By watching great videos.
10. How often does the man run?
A. Daily B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Who knocked over the vase?
A. The cat. B. The woman. C. The man.
12. Who did the vase belong to at first?
A. The woman’s mother B. The woman’s grandma. C. The woman’s friend.
13. What did the speakers decide to do?
A. Fix the vase themselves.
B. Buy a new vase at an antique store.
C. Have the vase repaired somewhere.
听第9段材料，回答第 14 至16题。
14. What does the man learn to do in his spare time?
A. Write songs. B. Play the guitar C. Study three languages.
15. Who inspires the woman to have a hobby?
A. Her friend. B. Her cousin. C. Her teacher.
16. How will the woman get green paint?
A. She will buy it. B. She will make it. C. She will borrow it.
听第10 段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. When did Google come out with Google Home?
A. In 2016. B. In 2015. C. In 2017.
18. How many songs does Google’s product have?
A. 35 million. B. 2 million. C. 2.5 million.
19. Which product is aimed at young children?
A. Amazon Echo. B. Google Home. C. Mattel’s Aristotle.
20. What is typical of the Mattel’s Aristotle?
A The lowest price. B. The earliest product. C. The best interaction
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Recently it is said that a dog has received an award for picking up a number of beer cans, coffee cups, and other pieces of trash, helping clean up her neighborhood in the process. It's unclear if Daisy is aware of her service, but her help has not gone unnoticed, by any means.
In fact, it is reported that this nine-year-old dog has picked up more than 5,000 pieces of rubbish. Daisy has been collecting rubbish for the last eight years, at least two times a day. Coming from the city of Worcester in the United Kingdom, Daisy has become the first dog to receive an honor from the mayor(市长). Unlike other dogs, Daisy prefers sniffing around for beer cans, among other things. She carries them back home to her owner, Judy Owens, who then takes her pet's offerings and recycles them.
“I wish Daisy understood how special she was and the award just marks what a special little dog she is,” Judy said. “She started picking up rubbish when she was around a beer can and I think she discovered it by accident.”
“One day she just sniffed out a beer can, then began picking it up," she continued. “She gets very attached to rubbish, and she must think it's some kind of treasure.”
Daisy has become something of a celebrity in her town, often known as the dog that helps get rid of all the rubbish. Then, the mayor invited Judy and Daisy to come to his office. “When we arrived he told us that Daisy would be receiving the award because he wanted to make people more conscious of protecting the environment and to thank her for her contributions over the years,” Judy said. “It was such a surprise... Daisy thought this was great and went to sit on the mayor's chair with a beer can in her mouth. Everyone thought she was funny and started laughing.”
1. Why did the dog receive the award?
A. She had brought a lot of treasure to her owner.
B. She had kept all the city clean for eight years.
C. She had contributed a lot to getting rid of the trash.
D. She had made people aware of protecting environment.
2. How did the dog probably start to pick up rubbish?
A. By accident. B. By force.
C. Through praise. D. Through training.
3. How would the people in the city feel about what Daisy has been doing?
A. Curious. B. Excited.
C. Ashamed. D. Thankful.
4. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. A dog owner trains her dog to pick up rubbish.
B. A dog receives an award for picking up rubbish.
C. A mayor gives an award to a dog in his office.
D. A mayor raises people's environmental awareness.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一只名叫Daisy的小狗，在八年来坚持捡垃圾受到市长嘉奖的故事。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Daisy has been collecting rubbish for the last eight years, at least two times a day.(戴西过去八年来一直在收集垃圾，每天至少两次)”以及文章最后一自然段“When we arrived he told us that Daisy would be receiving the award because he wanted to make people more conscious of protecting the environment and to thank her for her contributions over the years(当我们到达时，他告诉我们Daisy将获得这个奖项，因为他想让人们更加意识到保护环境，并感谢她多年来的贡献)”可知，市长授予Daisy这个奖项的原因是因为它一直捡垃圾，为环保做出了贡献。故此题选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“I think she discovered it by accident.(我想她是偶然发现的)”可知，Daisy捡垃圾是偶然开始的。故此题选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Daisy has become something of a celebrity in her town, often known as the dog that helps get rid of all the rubbish.(Daisy在她镇上成了名人，常被称为帮助清除垃圾的狗。)”以及“When we arrived he told us that Daisy would be receiving the award because he wanted to make people more conscious of protecting the environment and to thank her for her contributions over the years(当我们到达时，他告诉我们Daisy将获得这个奖项，因为他想让人们更加意识到保护环境，并感谢她多年来的贡献)”可知，小镇的任都知道Daisy捡垃圾，并且对于Daisy对保护环境所做的一切是感谢的。故此题选D。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第一句“Recently it is said that a dog has received an award for picking up a number of beer cans, coffee cups, and other pieces of trash, helping clean up her neighborhood in the process.( 最近据说，一只狗因为捡起了一些啤酒罐、咖啡杯和其他垃圾而获得了一个奖项，在这个过程中帮助了她的邻居清理)”可知，本文围绕一只狗因为捡垃圾而获奖的故事展开。故此题选B。
B
It’s a warm June afternoon, and in a group of bushes and trees, a bird sings. A small insect climbs over a leaf. The Muziekplein forest, next to an 18-story building and a railway line, is about the size of a basketball court; before it was planted in 2018, the area was a parking place. The forest is one of seven such extremely small forests in the Dutch city of Utrecht, and 144 across the Netherlands. By the end of this year, according to IVN Nature Education, the organization proposing the country’s initiative, there will be 200.
Since the first forest was planted in the Netherlands in 2015, the concept has become popular. Daan Bleichrodt, who launched IVN’s Tiny Forest initiative with the goal of making it easier for children to get into and connect with nature, said that he thinks it is popular because people are becoming more aware of major environmental challenges. It’s a very practical way to do something positive in the light of climate change and loss of biodiversity.
Jeroen Schenkels, a senior adviser for the city of Utrecht on green planning, said he sees the mini-forests as nature-based approaches that are able to help the city weather heat waves and improve water retention (保持). But one of the biggest interests is social. “One of the most important things is that they give people the opportunity to be involved in nature in the neighbourhood,” Schenkels said.
Between 2018 and 2020, 40 different plant and animal groups and 121 total animal species were found in the Muziekplein forest alone. According to Wageningen University researchers, across the 11 tiny forests in their study, volunteers observed 636 animal species. They also identified 298 plant species in addition to the original species planted in the plots. Maintenance of the forests occasionally involves removing aggressive weeds, but in general new plant species, such as wildflowers that appear, are allowed to grow.
5. What is special about the Muziekplein forest?
A. It is newly planted. B. It sits in an urban area.
C. It grows along a railway. D. It is shaped like a basketball court.
6. What’s the purpose of the Tiny Forest initiative?
A. To make people realize environmental challenges.
B. To make nature more accessible to children.
C. To increase the Netherlands’ biodiversity.
D. To call for action on climate change.
7. What does paragraph 3 focus on?
A. Benefits of mini-forests in cities. B. Ways to keep neighborhoods green.
C. Inspiration for planting forests in cities. D. Importance of being exposed to nature.
8. How does the author state the forests’ effect on biodiversity?
A. By listing data. B. By giving examples.
C. By doing experiments. D. By making comparisons.
【答案】5. B 6. B 7. A 8. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。荷兰城市里的微型森林不仅可以帮助城市抵御热浪，提高蓄水能力，还使人们有更多机会接触周围的自然环境。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“The Muziekplein forest, next to an 18-story building and a railway line, is about the size of a basketball court; before it was planted in 2018, the area was a parking place.(Muziekplein森林，旁边是一座18层的建筑和一条铁路线，大约有一个篮球场那么大；在2018年种植之前，该地区是一个停车场)”可推知，该森林位于城镇区域。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Daan Bleichrodt, who launched IVN’s Tiny Forest initiative with the goal of making it easier for children to get into and connect with nature, said that he thinks it is popular because people are becoming more aware of major environmental challenges.(Daan Bleichrodt发起了IVN的“小森林”计划，目的是让孩子们更容易进入大自然，与大自然接触。他说，他认为这一计划之所以受欢迎，是因为人们越来越意识到重大的环境挑战)”可知，Daan Bleichrodt 发起的微型森林计划的目的是让孩子们更容易接近大自然。故选 B。
7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Jeroen Schenkels, a senior adviser for the city of Utrecht on green planning, said he sees the mini-forests as nature-based approaches that are able to help the city weather heat waves and improve water retention (保持). But one of the biggest interests is social. “One of the most important things is that they give people the opportunity to be involved in nature in the neighbourhood,” Schenkels said.(乌得勒支市绿色规划高级顾问Jeroen Schenkels说，他认为迷你森林是一种以自然为基础的方法，能够帮助城市抵御热浪，提高保水能力。但最大的利益之一是社会利益。Schenkels说：“最重要的事情之一是，它们让人们有机会参与到周围的大自然中。”)”可知，城市里的微型森林不仅可以帮助城市抵御热浪，提高蓄水能力，还使人们有更多机会接触周围的自然环境，故本段主要关注的是城市里的微型森林的益处。故选 A。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Between 2018 and 2020, 40 different plant and animal groups and 121 total animal species were found in the Muziekplein forest alone. According to Wageningen University researchers, across the 11 tiny forests in their study, volunteers observed 636 animal species. They also identified 298 plant species in addition to the original species planted in the plots.(2018年至2020年期间，仅在Muziekplein森林就发现了40种不同的植物和动物类群以及121种动物物种。据瓦赫宁根大学的研究人员称，在他们的研究中，志愿者们在11片小森林中观察了636种动物。除了原始种植的植物，他们还确定了298种植物)”可知，作者用了列数字的方法来说明城市里的微型森林对生物多样性的影响。故选A。
C
“A lot of early archaeology(考古学)was about finding things that are beautiful and museum-worthy,” says archaeologist Sarah Graff. Bits of broken artifacts or boring-looking items from the field of food preparation were sometimes thrown aside with the dirt that wasn’t being analyzed, she says, and scholars used to be more excited by the lives of kings. “They didn’t really think that things that had to do with domestic labor would have anything to do with politics or economics.”
But researchers are now finding more of those connections and trying to mine ancient pots to learn about the foods once prepared in them.
Biogeochemist Richard Evershed made his first identification of fat from foods in the walls of medieval(中世纪的)pots dating from 950 to 1450 at a site in England. With signs of fat, probably from making cheese, those pots are thought to have been used for baking bread. The scientists also discovered the leaf wax(蜡)of cabbage, which was likely cooked with meat. Consuming meat, cheese, butter and bread, the medieval peasants weren’t doing too badly, says archaeologist Julie Dunne, Evershed’s teammate.
Since 2014, some researchers have dived into experimental archaeology by cooking various recipes in store-bought pots. They used the same pot to cook the same recipe 50 times, and finally switched to a new recipe, cooking four meals. After a year, the pots’ outer layers held signs of all the recipes but contained more remaining parts of the last meals. But the fatty substances within the inner layers of the pots built up over many times of cooking, which left obvious proof of the former recipes. The latest cooking events, however, was not the case, as archeologist Melanie Miller and her teammates reported in 2020 in Scientific Reports.
Miller and her team will continue cooking their tasteless meals. Cooking is “one of the most common things that humans have across time and space,” she says. Food and food practices signify traditions, politics, status, identities, upbringings and more. Food preparation reveals much. “It’s a daily practice…usually representative of all these much larger questions about our place in the world.”
9. What does Graff say about early archaeologists?
A. They realized the significance of domestic labor.
B. They ignored cooking artifacts every now and then.
C. They showed some interest in unimportant items.
D. They studied pots with wrong analytical methods.
10. What can be inferred about the owners of the medieval pots?
A. They disliked eating vegetables. B. They could not make bread.
C. They had little milk to drink. D. They might not be poor.
11. What did Miller find about the inner layers of the pots?
A. Not all the recipes left clear signs within them.
B. They had a lot of remaining parts from the latest cooking.
C. More fatty substances from the last meals were contained.
D. They displayed as much evidence as the outer layers did.
12. Which statement might Miller most probably agree with?
A. It is difficult to know how ancient people cooked.
B. Cooking reveals various aspects of human culture.
C. Studying ancient pots helps improve modern people’s cooking.
D. Food practices were very similar among different ancient groups.
【答案】9. B 10. D 11. A 12. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了从古代的锅中，考古学家们可以了解古时候人们生活的很多方面。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段““A lot of early archaeology(考古学)was about finding things that are beautiful and museum-worthy,” says archaeologist Sarah Graff. Bits of broken artifacts or boring-looking items from the field of food preparation were sometimes thrown aside with the dirt that wasn’t being analyzed, she says, and scholars used to be more excited by the lives of kings.(考古学家Sarah Graff说：“很多早期考古学都是为了寻找美丽的、值得收藏的东西。”她说，从食物准备领域中找到的残破的人工制品或看起来很无聊的物品有时会被扔到一边，根本不会被分析，学者们过去对国王的生活更感兴趣。)”可知，Graff认为以前的考古学家们会忽略烹饪器物，因为他们对国王的生活更感兴趣。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The scientists also discovered the leaf wax(蜡)of cabbage, which was likely cooked with meat. Consuming meat, cheese, butter and bread, the medieval peasants weren’t doing too badly, says archaeologist Julie Dunne, Evershed’s teammate.(科学家们还发现了卷心菜的叶蜡，可能是和肉一起煮的。食用肉类、奶酪、黄油和面包，中世纪的农民过得还不错，Evershed的队友、考古学家Julie Dunne说。)”可知，中世纪锅的主人日子不算穷。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“But the fatty substances within the inner layers of the pots built up over many times of cooking, which left obvious proof of the former recipes. The latest cooking events, however, was not the case, as archeologist Melanie Miller and her teammates reported in 2020 in Scientific Reports.(但是，经过多次烹饪，锅内层的脂肪物质积累起来，这为以前的食谱留下了明显的证据。然而，正如考古学家Melanie Miller和她的队友在2020年的《科学报告》中所报道的那样，最新的烹饪事件并非如此。)”可知，以前的研究认为锅内层的脂肪物质积累起来，这为以前的食谱留下了明显的证据。然而Melanie Miller的研究却认为事实并非如此。故选A。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Miller and her team will continue cooking their tasteless meals. Cooking is “one of the most common things that humans have across time and space,” she says. Food and food practices signify traditions, politics, status, identities, upbringings and more. Food preparation reveals much.(Miller 和她的团队将继续烹饪这些无味的食物。烹饪是“跨越时间和空间的人类最常见的事情之一，”她说。食物和饮食习惯象征着传统、政治、地位、身份、教养等等。食物的准备说明了很多问题。)”可知，Miller认为烹饪揭示了人类文化的各个方面。故选B。
D
Dreams of world peace are as old as wars. But as the women of Wales were recovering from World War I, they demanded peace in droves.
Still sorrowing the husbands, sons, and loved ones who fought in the war, in 1923 the Welsh League of Nations United (WLNU) drafted a petition (请愿书) at Aberystwyth University calling for a warless world.
The petition was signed by roughly three quarters of all the women in Wales and was said to be seven miles long. The document was then packed in a large oak chest and sent across the Atlantic.
It was the WLNU’s hope that America would join in their mission for peace, and so they toured with the petition across the country before President Calvin Coolidge gave it to the Smithsonian for preservation.
As the centennial anniversary of World War I approached, a plaque was found in the archives at the Temple of Peace in Cardiff mentioning the petition, but nobody knew what it was, says Mererid Hopwood, chair of the Women’s Peace Petition Partnership.
So in 2017, an email was sent to the Smithsonian inquiring about the status and location of the chest and its petition.
Having arrived at the National Library of Wales on March 29 this year, Hopwood received it along with other members of the Peace Petition Partnership and described opening the chest and finally getting to see its contents (内容) as an emotional moment.
Hopwood is hoping more Welsh citizens will have similar experiences now that the petition has returned to its original home. The petition will be digitized, along with all signatures and addresses, so the public can view it online and see if their grandmothers or previous tenants of their homes signed 100 years ago.
Clearly the world has not yet achieved the petition’s great goals but Hopwood said the signatures gave her hope.
13. What was the petition meant for?
A. A thirst for peace. B. An end to WWI.
C. A fight for Wales. D. A call for apology.
14. What can we infer about the petition from Paragraph 3?
A. Most Welsh signed on the petition. B. Welsh asked for Americans’ help.
C. Welsh women wished for peace. D. Welsh women honored the war.
15. How did Hopwood like the reappearance of the petition?
A. She could lead the petition. B. It would cause a big storm.
C. Welsh could be free of wars. D. Her hope for peace is on fire.
【答案】13. A 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一战后出现的和平请愿书再次在世人面前出现，呼吁世界无战争。简要介绍了和平请愿书的由来以及签署情况。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Still sorrowing the husbands, sons, and loved ones who fought in the war, in 1923 the Welsh League of Nations United (WLNU) drafted a petition (请愿书) at Aberystwyth University calling for a warless world.(1923年，威尔士联合国联盟在阿伯里斯特威斯大学起草了一份请愿书，呼吁建立一个没有战争的世界)”可知，请愿书呼吁和平，故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The petition was signed by roughly three quarters of all the women in Wales and was said to be seven miles long. The document was then packed in a large oak chest and sent across the Atlantic.(这份请愿书由威尔士大约四分之三的女性签署，据说长达七英里。然后，这份文件被装在一个大橡木箱里，并被送往大西洋彼岸)”可推理出威尔士的妇女们渴望和平，故选C项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Clearly the world has not yet achieved the petition’s great goals, but Hopwood said the signatures gave her hope.(显然，世界还没有实现请愿书的伟大目标，但霍普伍德表示，这些签名给了她希望)”可推理出，请愿书上的签字燃起了她对和平的希望，故选D项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Although it is great to have friends our own age, there are also some pretty good benefits to making older friends. ___16___
Having older friends provides insight and wisdom.
As the old saying goes, with age comes maturity. Older people have wisdom about how to navigate (应对) life smoothly. They have already passed crucial milestones like building a career, buying a home, getting married, starting a family, and maybe even retiring. ___17___
Plus, intergenerational friendships not only benefit you, but they can also benefit the other person. ___18___For example, you can teach them new technological trends or help them with pop culture references. Friendship is a two-way street where both sides benefit and bonds are strengthened over time.
___19___
Allowing friends to be more supportive of one another rather than always comparing and competing with one another is a must in every circle of friends. Friendships between generations are not competitive because they are at various phases of life.
Older friends tend to communicate more honestly.
Now I am not saying having friendships with honesty will be more lacking, but have you ever had a conversation with someone older?___20___ Older individuals are at an age where they no longer feel the need to impress people and they definitely are not afraid to share their opinions, for better or for worse!
A. You can inspire them in different ways.
B. So you can always ask them for advice on important issues.
C. Older friends are supportive and less competitive.
D. Older friends appreciate and value relationships.
E. Listening to their stories will help them reflect on times gone by.
F. Here is why we should invest in cross-generational friendships.
G. They have no problem being straight up honest whether we want to hear it or not.
【答案】16. F 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了与老年人交朋友的益处，倡导与老年人交朋友。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Although it is great to have friends our own age, there are also some pretty good benefits to making older friends.(虽然有和我们同龄的朋友是件好事，但结交年长的朋友也有一些好处)”可知，此处上下文说的是跨代友谊的话题，与F项“Here is why we should invest in cross-generational friendships.(这就是为什么我们应该投资于跨代友谊)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“They have already passed crucial milestones like building a career, buying a home, getting married, starting a family, and maybe even retiring.(他们已经度过了关键的里程碑，比如建立事业、买房、结婚、组建家庭，甚至可能退休)”可知，此处上下文说的是老年人经历丰富，可以向他们请教，与B项“So you can always ask them for advice on important issues.(所以你可以随时向他们咨询重要问题)”表达的含义一致，故选B项。
【18题详解】
根据下文“For example, you can teach them new technological trends or help them with pop culture references.(例如，你可以教他们新的技术趋势，或者帮助他们参考流行文化)”可知，此处上下文说的是要用不同的方式对他们进行激励，与A项“You can inspire them in different ways.(你可以用不同的方式激励他们)”表达的含义一致，故选A项。
【19题详解】
根据下文“Allowing friends to be more supportive of one another rather than always comparing and competing with one another is a must in every circle of friends.(每个朋友圈子都必须让朋友们相互支持，而不是总是相互比较和竞争)”可知，此处上下文说的是朋友之间要多支持，少竞争，与C项“Older friends are supportive and less competitive.(年长的朋友是支持的，不那么争强好胜)”表达的含义一致，故选C项。
【20题详解】
根据下文“Older individuals are at an age where they no longer feel the need to impress people and they definitely are not afraid to share their opinions.(老年人正处于这样一个年龄，他们不再觉得有必要给人留下深刻印象，他们绝对不怕分享自己的观点)”可知，此处上下文说的是老年人愿意分享自己的观点，坦诚相待，与G项“They have no problem being straight up honest whether we want to hear it or not.(不管我们愿不愿意听，他们都会坦诚相待)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A student at Hellesdon High School in England has been called “Rubbish Girl” for her environmentallyfriendly ways. ___21___, that has not stopped her from cleaning up the environment.
Using the basket on her bicycle, 12yearold Nadia has been ___22___ rubbish along her twomile route to and from school since September of last year. ___23___ her good intentions, some of the kids at Nadia’s school have nicknamed her “Rubbish Girl” and have bullied her for her selfless efforts to help the ___24___. But instead of letting them bring her down, she’s using their negativity as motivation.
“I’m not going to ___25___ doing the right thing because of them,” she said. “I’m doing something to ___26___ the world which they also live in. It’s everyone’s job. We are all ___27___ for keeping this world safe, instead of believing it’s always someone else’s job.”
Nadia’s mum, Paula, said she is ___28___ proud of Nadia for not only standing up to her bullies, but also standing up for what she believes in. “I told her she had two ___29___ — she could either stop collecting rubbish, stop attracting their ____30____ so that they would leave her alone, or she could face the challenge, be the ‘rubbish girl’ and keep her ____31____.”
As a result of the local media attention, Nadia has created a group named “Team Rubbish Girl”, where she shares updates on her green efforts. Positive ____32____ have poured in, all in ____33____ of Nadia, encouraging her to carry on with the green efforts.
“Sweetheart, you are a star that ____34____ really bright above the rest. Hold your head high and never let others ____35____ you. You are doing something selfless and amazing. Shame on the bullies,” wrote one of the local citizens on her web page.
21. A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Meanwhile
22. A. picking up B. taking off C. giving away D. leaving behind
23. A. Despite B. Without C. Due to D. Thanks to
24. A. disabled B. homeless C. planet D. business
25. A. start B. enjoy C. practise D. stop
26. A. discover B. protect C. repair D. understand
27. A. responsible B. ready C. grateful D. available
28. A. hardly B. generally C. barely D. extremely
29. A. goals B. choices C. problems D. friends
30. A. strength B. conclusion C. attention D. energy
31. A. balance B. promise C. number D. faith
32. A. effects B. results C. comments D. experiences
33. A. charge B. honour C. search D. support
34. A. shines B. falls C. burns D. compares
35. A. praise B. discourage C. improve D. welcome
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了12岁的娜迪亚一直在上下学两英里的路上用自行车上的篮子捡垃圾，却被学校里的一些孩子给她起了个绰号“垃圾女孩”，网友们纷纷支持娜迪亚，鼓励她继续做正确的事情。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这并没有阻止她清理环境。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Besides此外；D. Meanwhile同时。根据上文“A student at Hellesdon High School in England has been called “Rubbish Girl” for her environmentallyfriendly ways(英国Hellesdon高中的一名学生因其环保方式而被称为“垃圾女孩”)”以及下文“that has not stopped her from cleaning up the environment(这并没有阻止她清理环境)”可知，上下文之间为转折关系，空白处应使用表是转折关系的副词，故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：自去年9月以来，12岁的娜迪亚一直在上下学两英里的路上用自行车上的篮子捡垃圾。A. picking up捡拾；B. taking off起飞；C. giving away赠送；D. leaving behind留在身后。根据下文“rubbish along her twomile route(沿着两公里的路……垃圾)”可推理出，空白处应填表示“捡拾”含义的词，故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管娜迪亚的初衷很好，但学校里的一些孩子给她起了个绰号“垃圾女孩”，并因为她无私地帮助地球而欺负她。A. Despite尽管；B. Without没有；C. Due to因为；D. Thanks to幸亏。根据下文“her good intentions(她的良好的初衷)”以及“some of the kids at Nadia’s school have nicknamed her “Rubbish Girl”(学校里的一些孩子给她起了个绰号“垃圾女孩”)”可知，前后句之间为让步关系，故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. disabled残疾的，与the连用表示“残疾的人”；B. homeless无家可归的，与the连用表示“无家可归的人”；C. planet地球；D. business生意。根据上文“cleaning up the environment(清洁环境)”可知推理出，空白处应填表示“地球”含义的名词，故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不打算因为他们而停止做正确的事。A. start开始；B. enjoy享受；C. practise练习；D. stop停止。根据下文“I’m doing something to protect the world which they also live in(我正在做一些事情来保护他们也生活在其中的世界)”可推理出，娜迪亚并不打算因为被霸凌而停止做正确的事情，故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我正在做一些事情来保护他们也生活在其中的世界。A. discover发现；B. protect保护；C. repair修理；D. understand理解。根据下文“keeping this world safe(保持这个世界安全)”可知，空白处应填表示“保护”含义的动词，故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们都有责任保护这个世界的安全，而不是相信这总是别人的工作。A. responsible有责任的；B. ready准备好的；C. grateful感恩的；D. available可得到的。根据上文“It’s everyone’s job(这是每个人的工作)”以及下文“keeping this world safe(保持这个世界安全)”可推理出空白处应填表示“有责任的”含义的形容词，故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：娜迪亚的妈妈葆拉说，她为娜迪亚感到非常自豪，因为她不仅勇敢地面对欺凌她的人，而且勇敢地捍卫自己的信仰。A. hardly几乎不；B. generally总的来说；C. barely仅仅；D. extremely非常。根据下文“not only standing up to her bullies, but also standing up for what she believes in.( 不仅勇敢地面对欺凌她的人，而且勇敢地捍卫自己的信仰)”可推理出妈妈对娜迪亚感到非常自豪，故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我告诉她，她有两个选择：要么停止收集垃圾，停止吸引他们的注意力，这样他们就不会管她了，要么她可以面对挑战，成为“垃圾女孩”，保持信念。A. goals目标；B. choices选择；C. problems问题；D. friends朋友。根据下文“she could either stop collecting rubbish, stop attracting their attention so that they would leave her alone, or she could face the challenge, be the ‘rubbish girl’ and keep her faith(要么停止收集垃圾，停止吸引他们的注意力，这样他们就不会管她了，要么她可以面对挑战，成为“垃圾女孩”，保持信念)”可知，空白处应填表示“选择”含义的名词，故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. strength优点；B. conclusion结论；C. attention注意；D. energy精力。根据上文“stop attracting their(停止吸引他们的……)”以及下文“so that they would leave her alone(这样他们就不会管她了)”可推理出，空白处应填表示“注意”含义的名词，故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. balance平衡；B. promise承诺；C. number数字；D. faith信念。根据上文“I’m doing something to protect the world which they also live in(我正在做一些事情来保护他们也生活在其中的世界)”以及“be the ‘rubbish girl’ and keep her(成为“垃圾女孩”，保持……)”可推理出，空白处应填表示“信念”含义的名词，故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：积极的评论纷至沓来，都支持娜迪亚，鼓励她继续绿色行动。A. effects影响；B. results结果；C. comments评论；D. experiences经验。根据下文“encouraging her to carry on with the green efforts(鼓励她继续绿色行动)”可知，这是网友对她的评论，故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. charge负责；B. honour荣誉；C. search搜查；D. support支持。根据下文“encouraging her to carry on with the green efforts(鼓励她继续绿色行动)”可推理出，网友们支持娜迪亚的行动，故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：亲爱的，你是一颗光芒四射的明星。A. shines闪耀；B. falls降落；C. burns燃烧；D. compares比较。根据上文“a star(一个星星)”以及下文“bright(明亮)”可推理出，空白处应填表示“闪耀”含义的动词，故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：高昂你的头，永远不要让别人使你气馁。A. praise表扬；B. discourage使气馁；C. improve改善；D. welcome欢迎。根据上文“some of the kids at Nadia’s school have nicknamed her “Rubbish Girl”(学校里的一些孩子给她起了个绰号“垃圾女孩”)”、“Hold your head high and never let others(高昂你的头，永远不要让别人……)”以及下文“You are doing something selfless and amazing. Shame on the bullies(你正在做一些无私和令人惊叹的事情。霸凌可耻)”可推理出，空白处应填表示“使气馁”含义的动词，故选B项。
第Ⅱ卷(共55分)
第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Grand Canal is the longest and ____36____ (old) canal in the world. It forms a vast inland waterway system in China, running from the capital Beijing in the north ____37____ Zhejiang Province in the south.
____38____ (construct) in sections from the 5th century BCE and completed and maintained by several ____39____ (dynasty), it formed the backbone of China’s inland communications system, which enabled the supply of rice ____40____ (feed) the population. The Grand Canal reached a new peak in the 13th century, providing an inland shipping network consisting of more than 2,000 km of artificial waterways, ____41____ linked five of the most important river basins in China, including the Huanghe River and the Changjiang River. Still ____42____ major means of internal communication today, it ____43____ (play) an important role in ensuring the prosperity(繁荣) and stability of China over the ages.
The Grand Canal bears witness to a remarkable and early development of hydraulic engineering(水利工程). It is an essential technological achievement ____44____ (date) from before the Industrial Revolution. It is a perfect example of dealing with difficult natural conditions, as is reflected in the many constructions that are ______45______ (full) adapted to the diversity and complexity of circumstances. It best demonstrates the technical capabilities of Eastern civilizations.
【答案】36. oldest
37. to 38. Constructed
39. dynasties
40. to feed
41. which 42. a
43. has played
44. dating 45. fully
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了京杭大运河。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：大运河是世界上最长和最古老的运河。分析句子可知，和longest井列，也用最高级，译为“大运河是世界上最长和最古老的运河”，答案为oldest。故填oldest。
【37题详解】
考查介词。句意：它在中国形成了一个庞大的内河航道系统，北起首都北京，南至浙江省。分析句子可知，前文running from...和to搭配，译为“从首都北京到浙江省”，答案为to。故填to。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：它从公元前5世纪开始分段建造，由几个朝代完成和维护，形成了中国内陆交通系统的支柱，使大米的供应能够养活人口。分析句子可知，空处非谓语用逗号跟句子隔开，非谓语，且逻辑主语为句子主语it，指代前面的大运河，提示同为“建造”，大运河被建造，用过去分词Constructed。故填Constructed。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：它从公元前5世纪开始分段建造，由几个朝代完成和维护，形成了中国内陆交通系统的支柱，使大米的供应能够养活人口。分析句子可知，dynasty为可数名司，因前面有several“一些”，所以dynasty用复数，答案为dynasties。故填dynasties。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：它从公元前5世纪开始分段建造，由几个朝代完成和维护，形成了中国内陆交通系统的支柱，使大米的供应能够养活人口。分析句子可知，根据固定搭配enable sb./sth. to do，且feed后面有宾语the population，所以用主动，故答案为to feed。故填to feed。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：大运河在13世纪达到了一个新的高峰，提供了一个由2000多公里人工水道组成的内河航运网络，连接了中国五个最重要的流域，包括黄河和长江。分析句子可知，空格在从句中作主语，放在逗号后面，为定珸从句的关系代词，指代前面的network，答案为which。故填which。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：今天，它仍然是国内交流的主要手段，在确保中国历代繁荣和稳定方面发挥了重要作用。分析句子可知，means为单复数同形的名词，表示泛指，major首字母的发音为辅音音素，冠词为a。故填a。
【43题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：今天，它仍然是国内交流的主要手段，在确保中国历代繁荣和稳定方面发挥了重要作用。分析句子可知，后面时间状语“over the ages”,故该题用现在完成时，答案为has played。故填has played。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：这是工业革命之前的一项重要技术成就。分析句子可知，date from“追溯到”，非谓语作定语，意为“追溯到工止革命之前的成就”，用主动，答案为dating。故填dating。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：这是处理困难自然条件的完美例子，这反映在许多完全适应环境多样性和复杂性的建筑中。分析句子可知，副词fully作状语。故填fully。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的好伙伴放假期间沉迷于玩游戏，你想给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1. 肯定玩游戏在某些方面的好处；
2.你的建议；
3.表达祝愿。(short video)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Friend,
I know how much you enjoy playing video games while you’re on vacation! I’m sure there are benefits, like having fun and improving hand-eye coordination. However, if you spend such long time playing games, it is bad for you.
Therefore, I want you to make sure that you get enough fresh air and exercise which are helpful for our physical growth. Go outside, take a walk, or invite some friends over and play a sport together! That way, you can still have fun while making sure that your mind and body stay healthy.
Lastly, have a great time during your vacation and enjoy every moment!
Best wishes!
LiHua
【解析】
【导语】这是一封建议信。要求考生以李华的身份给你的好朋友写一封邮件，针对他放假期间沉迷于玩游戏一事谈谈你的看法并提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
确定：mkae sure → ensure
快乐：fun→ pleasure
有益的：be helpful→ be beneficial
玩得开心：have a geat time→enjoy oneself
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Go outside, take a walk, or invite some friends over and play a sport together!
拓展句：It is advisable that you go outside, take a walk, or invite some friends over and play a sport together!
【点睛】【高分句型1】I know how much you enjoy playing video games while you’re on vacation!（运用了while 引导的时间状语从句）
【高分句型2】Therefore, I want you to make sure that you get enough fresh air and exercise which are helpful for our physical growth.（运用了that引导的宾语从句和which引导的限制性定语从句）
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mrs. Bobbin, the dressmaker, was tired and had a bad headache. but she still managed to sew the last stiches in the gown (礼服裙) she was making.
“It’s the most beautiful dress in the whole world!” said her daughter, Irene. “The duchess(公爵夫人)will love it.”
“It is nice,” her mother admitted. “But, darling, it’s for tonight’s ball(舞会), and I don’t have the strength to deliver it. I feel sick.”
“Poor Mama,” said Irene. “I can get it there!”
“No, honey, I can’t let you,” said Mrs. Bobbin. “Such a huge package, and it’s such a long way to the duchess’s house. Besides. it’s starting to snow.”
But Irene insisted. She coaxed her mother into bed, covered her with two quilts. Then with great care, Irene packed the splendid gown in a big box with plenty of tissue paper. She kissed her mother’s hot forehead and slipped out with the big box, shutting the door firmly behind her.
It really was cold outside, very cold. The wind whirled the falling snow-flakes about. It blew so rudely that she could hardly move ahead. Cold snow sifted into her boots and chilled her feet. She pushed out her lip and hurried on. This was an important task.
“Take it easy!” she told herself, leaning back hard against the wind.
“Go home!” the wind shouted. “Irene…go hooome…”
“I will do no such thing,” she snapped. “No such thing, you wicked wind! The gown had to get to the duchess!” She went shuffling through the snow.
“Go ho-o-ome,” the wind screamed.
“GO HO-WO-WOME,” it shrieked, “or else…”
The wind decided to put on a show. It wrestled her for the package—walloped it, twisted it, shook it, snatched at it.
But Irene wouldn’t give up. “It’s my mother’s work!” she screamed. She took hold of the box tightly.
注意:
1, 续写短文的词数应为150词左右。
2. 续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好。
Suddenly Irene stepped in a hole, fell over and got injured.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Eventually she was at the door of the duchess’s house.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文：
Suddenly Irene stepped in a hole, fell over and her foot got injured. “Keep quiet!” She blamed it on the wind. “You’ve done enough damage already.” The wind swallowed up her words. She sat in the snow in great pain, afraid that she wouldn’t be able to go on. For a short second, Irene wondered if she should follow the wind’s warning. But it was her dear mother’s hard work, all those days of measuring, cutting, pinning, stitching ... And the poor duchess! She must be waiting for the gown anxiously. She managed to get to her feet and start moving again.
Eventually she was at the door of the duchess’s house. She knocked the door and was welcomed by cheering servants and the anxious duchess. They couldn’t believe she had come in such a snowstorm, all by herself. They were so deeply moved by her courage that they immediately served her with a good dinner by the fire. The duchess, meanwhile, got into her gown before the guests arrived. What a wonderful ball it was! The duchess was like a bright star in the sky. “Mama would enjoy hearing all about it.” A smile of relief appeared on Irene’s face.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Irene为母亲去给公爵夫人送裙子，结果在路上遇到了暴风雪，Irene的脚受了伤，尽管如此，她还是努力把裙子送到了公爵夫人家里。她的勇气深深地打动了仆人和公爵夫人。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“突然，Irene踩到了一个洞，摔倒了，她的脚受了伤”可知，第一段可描写Irene脚受伤之后的内心活动以及努力站起来前往公爵夫人家。
②由第二段首句内容“最后，她来到了公爵夫人家的门口”可知，第二段可描写Irene来到公爵夫人家里，送到了裙子，仆人和夫人都被她的勇气所感动。
2.续写线索：Irene脚受伤——痛苦担心——设法前行——到达夫人家——感动夫人——夫人成功穿上裙子——Irene满足微笑
3.词汇激活
行为类
开始：start/ begin
听从：follow/obey
出现：appear/emerge
情绪类
焦急地：anxiously / restlessly
感动：moved /touched
【点睛】[高分句型1] For a short second, Irene wondered if she should follow the wind’s warning. (运用了if引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] They were so deeply moved by her courage that they immediately served her with a good dinner by the fire. (运用了结果状语从句)
2024届高二(下)英语期末考试试卷
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.How did he man probably get here?
A. By taxi. B. On foot C.By car.
2. What will the woman do next?
A. Go to another airport. B. Call a taxi. C. Get her luggage.
3. How many people on the bus escaped unhurt in the accident?
A. 6. B. 5 C. 4
4. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In the man’s house. B. On a boat. C. In a restaurant.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A book. B. A movie. C. A song.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6-7题。
6. Why did the man refuse the job?
A. His wife didn’t want him to take it.
B. It wasn’t special enough.
C. He couldn’t handle it.
7. What does the woman offer to do at the end?
A. Ask around for a babysitter.
B. Look after the children.
C. Help the man find another job.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Why did the man stop going to the gym?
A He was too busy.
B. He disliked the exercise machines.
C. He found it more convenient to exercise at home.
9. How does the man make himself run faster?
A. By reading magazines. B. By timing himself. C. By watching great videos.
10. How often does the man run?
A. Daily B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Who knocked over the vase?
A. The cat. B. The woman. C. The man.
12. Who did the vase belong to at first?
A. The woman’s mother B. The woman’s grandma. C. The woman’s friend.
13. What did the speakers decide to do?
A. Fix the vase themselves.
B. Buy a new vase at an antique store.
C. Have the vase repaired somewhere.
听第9段材料，回答第 14 至16题。
14. What does the man learn to do in his spare time?
A. Write songs. B. Play the guitar C. Study three languages.
15. Who inspires the woman to have a hobby?
A. Her friend. B. Her cousin. C. Her teacher.
16. How will the woman get green paint?
A. She will buy it. B. She will make it. C. She will borrow it.
听第10 段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. When did Google come out with Google Home?
A. In 2016. B. In 2015. C. In 2017.
18. How many songs does Google’s product have?
A. 35 million. B. 2 million. C. 2.5 million.
19. Which product is aimed at young children?
A. Amazon Echo. B. Google Home. C. Mattel’s Aristotle.
20. What is typical of the Mattel’s Aristotle?
A The lowest price. B. The earliest product. C. The best interaction
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Recently it is said that a dog has received an award for picking up a number of beer cans, coffee cups, and other pieces of trash, helping clean up her neighborhood in the process. It's unclear if Daisy is aware of her service, but her help has not gone unnoticed, by any means.
In fact, it is reported that this nine-year-old dog has picked up more than 5,000 pieces of rubbish. Daisy has been collecting rubbish for the last eight years, at least two times a day. Coming from the city of Worcester in the United Kingdom, Daisy has become the first dog to receive an honor from the mayor(市长). Unlike other dogs, Daisy prefers sniffing around for beer cans, among other things. She carries them back home to her owner, Judy Owens, who then takes her pet's offerings and recycles them.
“I wish Daisy understood how special she was and the award just marks what a special little dog she is,” Judy said. “She started picking up rubbish when she was around a beer can and I think she discovered it by accident.”
“One day she just sniffed out a beer can, then began picking it up," she continued. “She gets very attached to rubbish, and she must think it's some kind of treasure.”
Daisy has become something of a celebrity in her town, often known as the dog that helps get rid of all the rubbish. Then, the mayor invited Judy and Daisy to come to his office. “When we arrived he told us that Daisy would be receiving the award because he wanted to make people more conscious of protecting the environment and to thank her for her contributions over the years,” Judy said. “It was such a surprise... Daisy thought this was great and went to sit on the mayor's chair with a beer can in her mouth. Everyone thought she was funny and started laughing.”
1. Why did the dog receive the award?
A. She had brought a lot of treasure to her owner.
B. She had kept all the city clean for eight years.
C. She had contributed a lot to getting rid of the trash.
D. She had made people aware of protecting environment.
2. How did the dog probably start to pick up rubbish?
A. By accident. B. By force.
C. Through praise. D. Through training.
3. How would the people in the city feel about what Daisy has been doing?
A. Curious. B. Excited.
C. Ashamed. D. Thankful.
4. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. A dog owner trains her dog to pick up rubbish.
B. A dog receives an award for picking up rubbish.
C. A mayor gives an award to a dog in his office.
D. A mayor raises people's environmental awareness.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一只名叫Daisy的小狗，在八年来坚持捡垃圾受到市长嘉奖的故事。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Daisy has been collecting rubbish for the last eight years, at least two times a day.(戴西过去八年来一直在收集垃圾，每天至少两次)”以及文章最后一自然段“When we arrived he told us that Daisy would be receiving the award because he wanted to make people more conscious of protecting the environment and to thank her for her contributions over the years(当我们到达时，他告诉我们Daisy将获得这个奖项，因为他想让人们更加意识到保护环境，并感谢她多年来的贡献)”可知，市长授予Daisy这个奖项的原因是因为它一直捡垃圾，为环保做出了贡献。故此题选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“I think she discovered it by accident.(我想她是偶然发现的)”可知，Daisy捡垃圾是偶然开始的。故此题选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Daisy has become something of a celebrity in her town, often known as the dog that helps get rid of all the rubbish.(Daisy在她镇上成了名人，常被称为帮助清除垃圾的狗。)”以及“When we arrived he told us that Daisy would be receiving the award because he wanted to make people more conscious of protecting the environment and to thank her for her contributions over the years(当我们到达时，他告诉我们Daisy将获得这个奖项，因为他想让人们更加意识到保护环境，并感谢她多年来的贡献)”可知，小镇的任都知道Daisy捡垃圾，并且对于Daisy对保护环境所做的一切是感谢的。故此题选D。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第一句“Recently it is said that a dog has received an award for picking up a number of beer cans, coffee cups, and other pieces of trash, helping clean up her neighborhood in the process.( 最近据说，一只狗因为捡起了一些啤酒罐、咖啡杯和其他垃圾而获得了一个奖项，在这个过程中帮助了她的邻居清理)”可知，本文围绕一只狗因为捡垃圾而获奖的故事展开。故此题选B。
B
It’s a warm June afternoon, and in a group of bushes and trees, a bird sings. A small insect climbs over a leaf. The Muziekplein forest, next to an 18-story building and a railway line, is about the size of a basketball court; before it was planted in 2018, the area was a parking place. The forest is one of seven such extremely small forests in the Dutch city of Utrecht, and 144 across the Netherlands. By the end of this year, according to IVN Nature Education, the organization proposing the country’s initiative, there will be 200.
Since the first forest was planted in the Netherlands in 2015, the concept has become popular. Daan Bleichrodt, who launched IVN’s Tiny Forest initiative with the goal of making it easier for children to get into and connect with nature, said that he thinks it is popular because people are becoming more aware of major environmental challenges. It’s a very practical way to do something positive in the light of climate change and loss of biodiversity.
Jeroen Schenkels, a senior adviser for the city of Utrecht on green planning, said he sees the mini-forests as nature-based approaches that are able to help the city weather heat waves and improve water retention (保持). But one of the biggest interests is social. “One of the most important things is that they give people the opportunity to be involved in nature in the neighbourhood,” Schenkels said.
Between 2018 and 2020, 40 different plant and animal groups and 121 total animal species were found in the Muziekplein forest alone. According to Wageningen University researchers, across the 11 tiny forests in their study, volunteers observed 636 animal species. They also identified 298 plant species in addition to the original species planted in the plots. Maintenance of the forests occasionally involves removing aggressive weeds, but in general new plant species, such as wildflowers that appear, are allowed to grow.
5. What is special about the Muziekplein forest?
A. It is newly planted. B. It sits in an urban area.
C. It grows along a railway. D. It is shaped like a basketball court.
6. What’s the purpose of the Tiny Forest initiative?
A. To make people realize environmental challenges.
B. To make nature more accessible to children.
C. To increase the Netherlands’ biodiversity.
D. To call for action on climate change.
7. What does paragraph 3 focus on?
A. Benefits of mini-forests in cities. B. Ways to keep neighborhoods green.
C. Inspiration for planting forests in cities. D. Importance of being exposed to nature.
8. How does the author state the forests’ effect on biodiversity?
A. By listing data. B. By giving examples.
C. By doing experiments. D. By making comparisons.
【答案】5. B 6. B 7. A 8. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。荷兰城市里的微型森林不仅可以帮助城市抵御热浪，提高蓄水能力，还使人们有更多机会接触周围的自然环境。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“The Muziekplein forest, next to an 18-story building and a railway line, is about the size of a basketball court; before it was planted in 2018, the area was a parking place.(Muziekplein森林，旁边是一座18层的建筑和一条铁路线，大约有一个篮球场那么大；在2018年种植之前，该地区是一个停车场)”可推知，该森林位于城镇区域。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Daan Bleichrodt, who launched IVN’s Tiny Forest initiative with the goal of making it easier for children to get into and connect with nature, said that he thinks it is popular because people are becoming more aware of major environmental challenges.(Daan Bleichrodt发起了IVN的“小森林”计划，目的是让孩子们更容易进入大自然，与大自然接触。他说，他认为这一计划之所以受欢迎，是因为人们越来越意识到重大的环境挑战)”可知，Daan Bleichrodt 发起的微型森林计划的目的是让孩子们更容易接近大自然。故选 B。
7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Jeroen Schenkels, a senior adviser for the city of Utrecht on green planning, said he sees the mini-forests as nature-based approaches that are able to help the city weather heat waves and improve water retention (保持). But one of the biggest interests is social. “One of the most important things is that they give people the opportunity to be involved in nature in the neighbourhood,” Schenkels said.(乌得勒支市绿色规划高级顾问Jeroen Schenkels说，他认为迷你森林是一种以自然为基础的方法，能够帮助城市抵御热浪，提高保水能力。但最大的利益之一是社会利益。Schenkels说：“最重要的事情之一是，它们让人们有机会参与到周围的大自然中。”)”可知，城市里的微型森林不仅可以帮助城市抵御热浪，提高蓄水能力，还使人们有更多机会接触周围的自然环境，故本段主要关注的是城市里的微型森林的益处。故选 A。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Between 2018 and 2020, 40 different plant and animal groups and 121 total animal species were found in the Muziekplein forest alone. According to Wageningen University researchers, across the 11 tiny forests in their study, volunteers observed 636 animal species. They also identified 298 plant species in addition to the original species planted in the plots.(2018年至2020年期间，仅在Muziekplein森林就发现了40种不同的植物和动物类群以及121种动物物种。据瓦赫宁根大学的研究人员称，在他们的研究中，志愿者们在11片小森林中观察了636种动物。除了原始种植的植物，他们还确定了298种植物)”可知，作者用了列数字的方法来说明城市里的微型森林对生物多样性的影响。故选A。
C
“A lot of early archaeology(考古学)was about finding things that are beautiful and museum-worthy,” says archaeologist Sarah Graff. Bits of broken artifacts or boring-looking items from the field of food preparation were sometimes thrown aside with the dirt that wasn’t being analyzed, she says, and scholars used to be more excited by the lives of kings. “They didn’t really think that things that had to do with domestic labor would have anything to do with politics or economics.”
But researchers are now finding more of those connections and trying to mine ancient pots to learn about the foods once prepared in them.
Biogeochemist Richard Evershed made his first identification of fat from foods in the walls of medieval(中世纪的)pots dating from 950 to 1450 at a site in England. With signs of fat, probably from making cheese, those pots are thought to have been used for baking bread. The scientists also discovered the leaf wax(蜡)of cabbage, which was likely cooked with meat. Consuming meat, cheese, butter and bread, the medieval peasants weren’t doing too badly, says archaeologist Julie Dunne, Evershed’s teammate.
Since 2014, some researchers have dived into experimental archaeology by cooking various recipes in store-bought pots. They used the same pot to cook the same recipe 50 times, and finally switched to a new recipe, cooking four meals. After a year, the pots’ outer layers held signs of all the recipes but contained more remaining parts of the last meals. But the fatty substances within the inner layers of the pots built up over many times of cooking, which left obvious proof of the former recipes. The latest cooking events, however, was not the case, as archeologist Melanie Miller and her teammates reported in 2020 in Scientific Reports.
Miller and her team will continue cooking their tasteless meals. Cooking is “one of the most common things that humans have across time and space,” she says. Food and food practices signify traditions, politics, status, identities, upbringings and more. Food preparation reveals much. “It’s a daily practice…usually representative of all these much larger questions about our place in the world.”
9. What does Graff say about early archaeologists?
A. They realized the significance of domestic labor.
B. They ignored cooking artifacts every now and then.
C. They showed some interest in unimportant items.
D. They studied pots with wrong analytical methods.
10. What can be inferred about the owners of the medieval pots?
A. They disliked eating vegetables. B. They could not make bread.
C. They had little milk to drink. D. They might not be poor.
11. What did Miller find about the inner layers of the pots?
A. Not all the recipes left clear signs within them.
B. They had a lot of remaining parts from the latest cooking.
C. More fatty substances from the last meals were contained.
D. They displayed as much evidence as the outer layers did.
12. Which statement might Miller most probably agree with?
A. It is difficult to know how ancient people cooked.
B. Cooking reveals various aspects of human culture.
C. Studying ancient pots helps improve modern people’s cooking.
D. Food practices were very similar among different ancient groups.
【答案】9. B 10. D 11. A 12. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了从古代的锅中，考古学家们可以了解古时候人们生活的很多方面。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段““A lot of early archaeology(考古学)was about finding things that are beautiful and museum-worthy,” says archaeologist Sarah Graff. Bits of broken artifacts or boring-looking items from the field of food preparation were sometimes thrown aside with the dirt that wasn’t being analyzed, she says, and scholars used to be more excited by the lives of kings.(考古学家Sarah Graff说：“很多早期考古学都是为了寻找美丽的、值得收藏的东西。”她说，从食物准备领域中找到的残破的人工制品或看起来很无聊的物品有时会被扔到一边，根本不会被分析，学者们过去对国王的生活更感兴趣。)”可知，Graff认为以前的考古学家们会忽略烹饪器物，因为他们对国王的生活更感兴趣。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The scientists also discovered the leaf wax(蜡)of cabbage, which was likely cooked with meat. Consuming meat, cheese, butter and bread, the medieval peasants weren’t doing too badly, says archaeologist Julie Dunne, Evershed’s teammate.(科学家们还发现了卷心菜的叶蜡，可能是和肉一起煮的。食用肉类、奶酪、黄油和面包，中世纪的农民过得还不错，Evershed的队友、考古学家Julie Dunne说。)”可知，中世纪锅的主人日子不算穷。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“But the fatty substances within the inner layers of the pots built up over many times of cooking, which left obvious proof of the former recipes. The latest cooking events, however, was not the case, as archeologist Melanie Miller and her teammates reported in 2020 in Scientific Reports.(但是，经过多次烹饪，锅内层的脂肪物质积累起来，这为以前的食谱留下了明显的证据。然而，正如考古学家Melanie Miller和她的队友在2020年的《科学报告》中所报道的那样，最新的烹饪事件并非如此。)”可知，以前的研究认为锅内层的脂肪物质积累起来，这为以前的食谱留下了明显的证据。然而Melanie Miller的研究却认为事实并非如此。故选A。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Miller and her team will continue cooking their tasteless meals. Cooking is “one of the most common things that humans have across time and space,” she says. Food and food practices signify traditions, politics, status, identities, upbringings and more. Food preparation reveals much.(Miller 和她的团队将继续烹饪这些无味的食物。烹饪是“跨越时间和空间的人类最常见的事情之一，”她说。食物和饮食习惯象征着传统、政治、地位、身份、教养等等。食物的准备说明了很多问题。)”可知，Miller认为烹饪揭示了人类文化的各个方面。故选B。
D
Dreams of world peace are as old as wars. But as the women of Wales were recovering from World War I, they demanded peace in droves.
Still sorrowing the husbands, sons, and loved ones who fought in the war, in 1923 the Welsh League of Nations United (WLNU) drafted a petition (请愿书) at Aberystwyth University calling for a warless world.
The petition was signed by roughly three quarters of all the women in Wales and was said to be seven miles long. The document was then packed in a large oak chest and sent across the Atlantic.
It was the WLNU’s hope that America would join in their mission for peace, and so they toured with the petition across the country before President Calvin Coolidge gave it to the Smithsonian for preservation.
As the centennial anniversary of World War I approached, a plaque was found in the archives at the Temple of Peace in Cardiff mentioning the petition, but nobody knew what it was, says Mererid Hopwood, chair of the Women’s Peace Petition Partnership.
So in 2017, an email was sent to the Smithsonian inquiring about the status and location of the chest and its petition.
Having arrived at the National Library of Wales on March 29 this year, Hopwood received it along with other members of the Peace Petition Partnership and described opening the chest and finally getting to see its contents (内容) as an emotional moment.
Hopwood is hoping more Welsh citizens will have similar experiences now that the petition has returned to its original home. The petition will be digitized, along with all signatures and addresses, so the public can view it online and see if their grandmothers or previous tenants of their homes signed 100 years ago.
Clearly the world has not yet achieved the petition’s great goals but Hopwood said the signatures gave her hope.
13. What was the petition meant for?
A. A thirst for peace. B. An end to WWI.
C. A fight for Wales. D. A call for apology.
14. What can we infer about the petition from Paragraph 3?
A. Most Welsh signed on the petition. B. Welsh asked for Americans’ help.
C. Welsh women wished for peace. D. Welsh women honored the war.
15. How did Hopwood like the reappearance of the petition?
A. She could lead the petition. B. It would cause a big storm.
C. Welsh could be free of wars. D. Her hope for peace is on fire.
【答案】13. A 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一战后出现的和平请愿书再次在世人面前出现，呼吁世界无战争。简要介绍了和平请愿书的由来以及签署情况。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Still sorrowing the husbands, sons, and loved ones who fought in the war, in 1923 the Welsh League of Nations United (WLNU) drafted a petition (请愿书) at Aberystwyth University calling for a warless world.(1923年，威尔士联合国联盟在阿伯里斯特威斯大学起草了一份请愿书，呼吁建立一个没有战争的世界)”可知，请愿书呼吁和平，故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The petition was signed by roughly three quarters of all the women in Wales and was said to be seven miles long. The document was then packed in a large oak chest and sent across the Atlantic.(这份请愿书由威尔士大约四分之三的女性签署，据说长达七英里。然后，这份文件被装在一个大橡木箱里，并被送往大西洋彼岸)”可推理出威尔士的妇女们渴望和平，故选C项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Clearly the world has not yet achieved the petition’s great goals, but Hopwood said the signatures gave her hope.(显然，世界还没有实现请愿书的伟大目标，但霍普伍德表示，这些签名给了她希望)”可推理出，请愿书上的签字燃起了她对和平的希望，故选D项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Although it is great to have friends our own age, there are also some pretty good benefits to making older friends. ___16___
Having older friends provides insight and wisdom.
As the old saying goes, with age comes maturity. Older people have wisdom about how to navigate (应对) life smoothly. They have already passed crucial milestones like building a career, buying a home, getting married, starting a family, and maybe even retiring. ___17___
Plus, intergenerational friendships not only benefit you, but they can also benefit the other person. ___18___For example, you can teach them new technological trends or help them with pop culture references. Friendship is a two-way street where both sides benefit and bonds are strengthened over time.
___19___
Allowing friends to be more supportive of one another rather than always comparing and competing with one another is a must in every circle of friends. Friendships between generations are not competitive because they are at various phases of life.
Older friends tend to communicate more honestly.
Now I am not saying having friendships with honesty will be more lacking, but have you ever had a conversation with someone older?___20___ Older individuals are at an age where they no longer feel the need to impress people and they definitely are not afraid to share their opinions, for better or for worse!
A. You can inspire them in different ways.
B. So you can always ask them for advice on important issues.
C. Older friends are supportive and less competitive.
D. Older friends appreciate and value relationships.
E. Listening to their stories will help them reflect on times gone by.
F. Here is why we should invest in cross-generational friendships.
G. They have no problem being straight up honest whether we want to hear it or not.
【答案】16. F 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了与老年人交朋友的益处，倡导与老年人交朋友。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Although it is great to have friends our own age, there are also some pretty good benefits to making older friends.(虽然有和我们同龄的朋友是件好事，但结交年长的朋友也有一些好处)”可知，此处上下文说的是跨代友谊的话题，与F项“Here is why we should invest in cross-generational friendships.(这就是为什么我们应该投资于跨代友谊)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“They have already passed crucial milestones like building a career, buying a home, getting married, starting a family, and maybe even retiring.(他们已经度过了关键的里程碑，比如建立事业、买房、结婚、组建家庭，甚至可能退休)”可知，此处上下文说的是老年人经历丰富，可以向他们请教，与B项“So you can always ask them for advice on important issues.(所以你可以随时向他们咨询重要问题)”表达的含义一致，故选B项。
【18题详解】
根据下文“For example, you can teach them new technological trends or help them with pop culture references.(例如，你可以教他们新的技术趋势，或者帮助他们参考流行文化)”可知，此处上下文说的是要用不同的方式对他们进行激励，与A项“You can inspire them in different ways.(你可以用不同的方式激励他们)”表达的含义一致，故选A项。
【19题详解】
根据下文“Allowing friends to be more supportive of one another rather than always comparing and competing with one another is a must in every circle of friends.(每个朋友圈子都必须让朋友们相互支持，而不是总是相互比较和竞争)”可知，此处上下文说的是朋友之间要多支持，少竞争，与C项“Older friends are supportive and less competitive.(年长的朋友是支持的，不那么争强好胜)”表达的含义一致，故选C项。
【20题详解】
根据下文“Older individuals are at an age where they no longer feel the need to impress people and they definitely are not afraid to share their opinions.(老年人正处于这样一个年龄，他们不再觉得有必要给人留下深刻印象，他们绝对不怕分享自己的观点)”可知，此处上下文说的是老年人愿意分享自己的观点，坦诚相待，与G项“They have no problem being straight up honest whether we want to hear it or not.(不管我们愿不愿意听，他们都会坦诚相待)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A student at Hellesdon High School in England has been called “Rubbish Girl” for her environmentallyfriendly ways. ___21___, that has not stopped her from cleaning up the environment.
Using the basket on her bicycle, 12yearold Nadia has been ___22___ rubbish along her twomile route to and from school since September of last year. ___23___ her good intentions, some of the kids at Nadia’s school have nicknamed her “Rubbish Girl” and have bullied her for her selfless efforts to help the ___24___. But instead of letting them bring her down, she’s using their negativity as motivation.
“I’m not going to ___25___ doing the right thing because of them,” she said. “I’m doing something to ___26___ the world which they also live in. It’s everyone’s job. We are all ___27___ for keeping this world safe, instead of believing it’s always someone else’s job.”
Nadia’s mum, Paula, said she is ___28___ proud of Nadia for not only standing up to her bullies, but also standing up for what she believes in. “I told her she had two ___29___ — she could either stop collecting rubbish, stop attracting their ____30____ so that they would leave her alone, or she could face the challenge, be the ‘rubbish girl’ and keep her ____31____.”
As a result of the local media attention, Nadia has created a group named “Team Rubbish Girl”, where she shares updates on her green efforts. Positive ____32____ have poured in, all in ____33____ of Nadia, encouraging her to carry on with the green efforts.
“Sweetheart, you are a star that ____34____ really bright above the rest. Hold your head high and never let others ____35____ you. You are doing something selfless and amazing. Shame on the bullies,” wrote one of the local citizens on her web page.
21. A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Meanwhile
22. A. picking up B. taking off C. giving away D. leaving behind
23. A. Despite B. Without C. Due to D. Thanks to
24. A. disabled B. homeless C. planet D. business
25. A. start B. enjoy C. practise D. stop
26. A. discover B. protect C. repair D. understand
27. A. responsible B. ready C. grateful D. available
28. A. hardly B. generally C. barely D. extremely
29. A. goals B. choices C. problems D. friends
30. A. strength B. conclusion C. attention D. energy
31. A. balance B. promise C. number D. faith
32. A. effects B. results C. comments D. experiences
33. A. charge B. honour C. search D. support
34. A. shines B. falls C. burns D. compares
35. A. praise B. discourage C. improve D. welcome
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了12岁的娜迪亚一直在上下学两英里的路上用自行车上的篮子捡垃圾，却被学校里的一些孩子给她起了个绰号“垃圾女孩”，网友们纷纷支持娜迪亚，鼓励她继续做正确的事情。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这并没有阻止她清理环境。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Besides此外；D. Meanwhile同时。根据上文“A student at Hellesdon High School in England has been called “Rubbish Girl” for her environmentallyfriendly ways(英国Hellesdon高中的一名学生因其环保方式而被称为“垃圾女孩”)”以及下文“that has not stopped her from cleaning up the environment(这并没有阻止她清理环境)”可知，上下文之间为转折关系，空白处应使用表是转折关系的副词，故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：自去年9月以来，12岁的娜迪亚一直在上下学两英里的路上用自行车上的篮子捡垃圾。A. picking up捡拾；B. taking off起飞；C. giving away赠送；D. leaving behind留在身后。根据下文“rubbish along her twomile route(沿着两公里的路……垃圾)”可推理出，空白处应填表示“捡拾”含义的词，故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管娜迪亚的初衷很好，但学校里的一些孩子给她起了个绰号“垃圾女孩”，并因为她无私地帮助地球而欺负她。A. Despite尽管；B. Without没有；C. Due to因为；D. Thanks to幸亏。根据下文“her good intentions(她的良好的初衷)”以及“some of the kids at Nadia’s school have nicknamed her “Rubbish Girl”(学校里的一些孩子给她起了个绰号“垃圾女孩”)”可知，前后句之间为让步关系，故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. disabled残疾的，与the连用表示“残疾的人”；B. homeless无家可归的，与the连用表示“无家可归的人”；C. planet地球；D. business生意。根据上文“cleaning up the environment(清洁环境)”可知推理出，空白处应填表示“地球”含义的名词，故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不打算因为他们而停止做正确的事。A. start开始；B. enjoy享受；C. practise练习；D. stop停止。根据下文“I’m doing something to protect the world which they also live in(我正在做一些事情来保护他们也生活在其中的世界)”可推理出，娜迪亚并不打算因为被霸凌而停止做正确的事情，故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我正在做一些事情来保护他们也生活在其中的世界。A. discover发现；B. protect保护；C. repair修理；D. understand理解。根据下文“keeping this world safe(保持这个世界安全)”可知，空白处应填表示“保护”含义的动词，故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们都有责任保护这个世界的安全，而不是相信这总是别人的工作。A. responsible有责任的；B. ready准备好的；C. grateful感恩的；D. available可得到的。根据上文“It’s everyone’s job(这是每个人的工作)”以及下文“keeping this world safe(保持这个世界安全)”可推理出空白处应填表示“有责任的”含义的形容词，故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：娜迪亚的妈妈葆拉说，她为娜迪亚感到非常自豪，因为她不仅勇敢地面对欺凌她的人，而且勇敢地捍卫自己的信仰。A. hardly几乎不；B. generally总的来说；C. barely仅仅；D. extremely非常。根据下文“not only standing up to her bullies, but also standing up for what she believes in.( 不仅勇敢地面对欺凌她的人，而且勇敢地捍卫自己的信仰)”可推理出妈妈对娜迪亚感到非常自豪，故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我告诉她，她有两个选择：要么停止收集垃圾，停止吸引他们的注意力，这样他们就不会管她了，要么她可以面对挑战，成为“垃圾女孩”，保持信念。A. goals目标；B. choices选择；C. problems问题；D. friends朋友。根据下文“she could either stop collecting rubbish, stop attracting their attention so that they would leave her alone, or she could face the challenge, be the ‘rubbish girl’ and keep her faith(要么停止收集垃圾，停止吸引他们的注意力，这样他们就不会管她了，要么她可以面对挑战，成为“垃圾女孩”，保持信念)”可知，空白处应填表示“选择”含义的名词，故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. strength优点；B. conclusion结论；C. attention注意；D. energy精力。根据上文“stop attracting their(停止吸引他们的……)”以及下文“so that they would leave her alone(这样他们就不会管她了)”可推理出，空白处应填表示“注意”含义的名词，故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. balance平衡；B. promise承诺；C. number数字；D. faith信念。根据上文“I’m doing something to protect the world which they also live in(我正在做一些事情来保护他们也生活在其中的世界)”以及“be the ‘rubbish girl’ and keep her(成为“垃圾女孩”，保持……)”可推理出，空白处应填表示“信念”含义的名词，故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：积极的评论纷至沓来，都支持娜迪亚，鼓励她继续绿色行动。A. effects影响；B. results结果；C. comments评论；D. experiences经验。根据下文“encouraging her to carry on with the green efforts(鼓励她继续绿色行动)”可知，这是网友对她的评论，故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. charge负责；B. honour荣誉；C. search搜查；D. support支持。根据下文“encouraging her to carry on with the green efforts(鼓励她继续绿色行动)”可推理出，网友们支持娜迪亚的行动，故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：亲爱的，你是一颗光芒四射的明星。A. shines闪耀；B. falls降落；C. burns燃烧；D. compares比较。根据上文“a star(一个星星)”以及下文“bright(明亮)”可推理出，空白处应填表示“闪耀”含义的动词，故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：高昂你的头，永远不要让别人使你气馁。A. praise表扬；B. discourage使气馁；C. improve改善；D. welcome欢迎。根据上文“some of the kids at Nadia’s school have nicknamed her “Rubbish Girl”(学校里的一些孩子给她起了个绰号“垃圾女孩”)”、“Hold your head high and never let others(高昂你的头，永远不要让别人……)”以及下文“You are doing something selfless and amazing. Shame on the bullies(你正在做一些无私和令人惊叹的事情。霸凌可耻)”可推理出，空白处应填表示“使气馁”含义的动词，故选B项。
第Ⅱ卷(共55分)
第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Grand Canal is the longest and ____36____ (old) canal in the world. It forms a vast inland waterway system in China, running from the capital Beijing in the north ____37____ Zhejiang Province in the south.
____38____ (construct) in sections from the 5th century BCE and completed and maintained by several ____39____ (dynasty), it formed the backbone of China’s inland communications system, which enabled the supply of rice ____40____ (feed) the population. The Grand Canal reached a new peak in the 13th century, providing an inland shipping network consisting of more than 2,000 km of artificial waterways, ____41____ linked five of the most important river basins in China, including the Huanghe River and the Changjiang River. Still ____42____ major means of internal communication today, it ____43____ (play) an important role in ensuring the prosperity(繁荣) and stability of China over the ages.
The Grand Canal bears witness to a remarkable and early development of hydraulic engineering(水利工程). It is an essential technological achievement ____44____ (date) from before the Industrial Revolution. It is a perfect example of dealing with difficult natural conditions, as is reflected in the many constructions that are ______45______ (full) adapted to the diversity and complexity of circumstances. It best demonstrates the technical capabilities of Eastern civilizations.
【答案】36. oldest
37. to 38. Constructed
39. dynasties
40. to feed
41. which 42. a
43. has played
44. dating 45. fully
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了京杭大运河。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：大运河是世界上最长和最古老的运河。分析句子可知，和longest井列，也用最高级，译为“大运河是世界上最长和最古老的运河”，答案为oldest。故填oldest。
【37题详解】
考查介词。句意：它在中国形成了一个庞大的内河航道系统，北起首都北京，南至浙江省。分析句子可知，前文running from...和to搭配，译为“从首都北京到浙江省”，答案为to。故填to。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：它从公元前5世纪开始分段建造，由几个朝代完成和维护，形成了中国内陆交通系统的支柱，使大米的供应能够养活人口。分析句子可知，空处非谓语用逗号跟句子隔开，非谓语，且逻辑主语为句子主语it，指代前面的大运河，提示同为“建造”，大运河被建造，用过去分词Constructed。故填Constructed。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：它从公元前5世纪开始分段建造，由几个朝代完成和维护，形成了中国内陆交通系统的支柱，使大米的供应能够养活人口。分析句子可知，dynasty为可数名司，因前面有several“一些”，所以dynasty用复数，答案为dynasties。故填dynasties。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：它从公元前5世纪开始分段建造，由几个朝代完成和维护，形成了中国内陆交通系统的支柱，使大米的供应能够养活人口。分析句子可知，根据固定搭配enable sb./sth. to do，且feed后面有宾语the population，所以用主动，故答案为to feed。故填to feed。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：大运河在13世纪达到了一个新的高峰，提供了一个由2000多公里人工水道组成的内河航运网络，连接了中国五个最重要的流域，包括黄河和长江。分析句子可知，空格在从句中作主语，放在逗号后面，为定珸从句的关系代词，指代前面的network，答案为which。故填which。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：今天，它仍然是国内交流的主要手段，在确保中国历代繁荣和稳定方面发挥了重要作用。分析句子可知，means为单复数同形的名词，表示泛指，major首字母的发音为辅音音素，冠词为a。故填a。
【43题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：今天，它仍然是国内交流的主要手段，在确保中国历代繁荣和稳定方面发挥了重要作用。分析句子可知，后面时间状语“over the ages”,故该题用现在完成时，答案为has played。故填has played。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：这是工业革命之前的一项重要技术成就。分析句子可知，date from“追溯到”，非谓语作定语，意为“追溯到工止革命之前的成就”，用主动，答案为dating。故填dating。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：这是处理困难自然条件的完美例子，这反映在许多完全适应环境多样性和复杂性的建筑中。分析句子可知，副词fully作状语。故填fully。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的好伙伴放假期间沉迷于玩游戏，你想给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1. 肯定玩游戏在某些方面的好处；
2.你的建议；
3.表达祝愿。(short video)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Friend,
I know how much you enjoy playing video games while you’re on vacation! I’m sure there are benefits, like having fun and improving hand-eye coordination. However, if you spend such long time playing games, it is bad for you.
Therefore, I want you to make sure that you get enough fresh air and exercise which are helpful for our physical growth. Go outside, take a walk, or invite some friends over and play a sport together! That way, you can still have fun while making sure that your mind and body stay healthy.
Lastly, have a great time during your vacation and enjoy every moment!
Best wishes!
LiHua
【解析】
【导语】这是一封建议信。要求考生以李华的身份给你的好朋友写一封邮件，针对他放假期间沉迷于玩游戏一事谈谈你的看法并提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
确定：mkae sure → ensure
快乐：fun→ pleasure
有益的：be helpful→ be beneficial
玩得开心：have a geat time→enjoy oneself
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Go outside, take a walk, or invite some friends over and play a sport together!
拓展句：It is advisable that you go outside, take a walk, or invite some friends over and play a sport together!
【点睛】【高分句型1】I know how much you enjoy playing video games while you’re on vacation!（运用了while 引导的时间状语从句）
【高分句型2】Therefore, I want you to make sure that you get enough fresh air and exercise which are helpful for our physical growth.（运用了that引导的宾语从句和which引导的限制性定语从句）
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mrs. Bobbin, the dressmaker, was tired and had a bad headache. but she still managed to sew the last stiches in the gown (礼服裙) she was making.
“It’s the most beautiful dress in the whole world!” said her daughter, Irene. “The duchess(公爵夫人)will love it.”
“It is nice,” her mother admitted. “But, darling, it’s for tonight’s ball(舞会), and I don’t have the strength to deliver it. I feel sick.”
“Poor Mama,” said Irene. “I can get it there!”
“No, honey, I can’t let you,” said Mrs. Bobbin. “Such a huge package, and it’s such a long way to the duchess’s house. Besides. it’s starting to snow.”
But Irene insisted. She coaxed her mother into bed, covered her with two quilts. Then with great care, Irene packed the splendid gown in a big box with plenty of tissue paper. She kissed her mother’s hot forehead and slipped out with the big box, shutting the door firmly behind her.
It really was cold outside, very cold. The wind whirled the falling snow-flakes about. It blew so rudely that she could hardly move ahead. Cold snow sifted into her boots and chilled her feet. She pushed out her lip and hurried on. This was an important task.
“Take it easy!” she told herself, leaning back hard against the wind.
“Go home!” the wind shouted. “Irene…go hooome…”
“I will do no such thing,” she snapped. “No such thing, you wicked wind! The gown had to get to the duchess!” She went shuffling through the snow.
“Go ho-o-ome,” the wind screamed.
“GO HO-WO-WOME,” it shrieked, “or else…”
The wind decided to put on a show. It wrestled her for the package—walloped it, twisted it, shook it, snatched at it.
But Irene wouldn’t give up. “It’s my mother’s work!” she screamed. She took hold of the box tightly.
注意:
1, 续写短文的词数应为150词左右。
2. 续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好。
Suddenly Irene stepped in a hole, fell over and got injured.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Eventually she was at the door of the duchess’s house.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文：
Suddenly Irene stepped in a hole, fell over and her foot got injured. “Keep quiet!” She blamed it on the wind. “You’ve done enough damage already.” The wind swallowed up her words. She sat in the snow in great pain, afraid that she wouldn’t be able to go on. For a short second, Irene wondered if she should follow the wind’s warning. But it was her dear mother’s hard work, all those days of measuring, cutting, pinning, stitching ... And the poor duchess! She must be waiting for the gown anxiously. She managed to get to her feet and start moving again.
Eventually she was at the door of the duchess’s house. She knocked the door and was welcomed by cheering servants and the anxious duchess. They couldn’t believe she had come in such a snowstorm, all by herself. They were so deeply moved by her courage that they immediately served her with a good dinner by the fire. The duchess, meanwhile, got into her gown before the guests arrived. What a wonderful ball it was! The duchess was like a bright star in the sky. “Mama would enjoy hearing all about it.” A smile of relief appeared on Irene’s face.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Irene为母亲去给公爵夫人送裙子，结果在路上遇到了暴风雪，Irene的脚受了伤，尽管如此，她还是努力把裙子送到了公爵夫人家里。她的勇气深深地打动了仆人和公爵夫人。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“突然，Irene踩到了一个洞，摔倒了，她的脚受了伤”可知，第一段可描写Irene脚受伤之后的内心活动以及努力站起来前往公爵夫人家。
②由第二段首句内容“最后，她来到了公爵夫人家的门口”可知，第二段可描写Irene来到公爵夫人家里，送到了裙子，仆人和夫人都被她的勇气所感动。
2.续写线索：Irene脚受伤——痛苦担心——设法前行——到达夫人家——感动夫人——夫人成功穿上裙子——Irene满足微笑
3.词汇激活
行为类
开始：start/ begin
听从：follow/obey
出现：appear/emerge
情绪类
焦急地：anxiously / restlessly
感动：moved /touched
【点睛】[高分句型1] For a short second, Irene wondered if she should follow the wind’s warning. (运用了if引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] They were so deeply moved by her courage that they immediately served her with a good dinner by the fire. (运用了结果状语从句)
相关试卷
江西省宜春市宜丰中学2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题（Word版附解析）： 这是一份江西省宜春市宜丰中学2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题（Word版附解析），共33页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7， Wh is Mary?等内容，欢迎下载使用。
江西省宜春市宜丰县宜丰中学2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题（解析版）： 这是一份江西省宜春市宜丰县宜丰中学2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题（解析版），共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7， Wh is Mary?等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年江西省宜春市宜丰中学、宜春一中高二下学期期中联考英语试题含答案： 这是一份2022-2023学年江西省宜春市宜丰中学、宜春一中高二下学期期中联考英语试题含答案，共9页。试卷主要包含了 5分，满分7， 15， B等内容，欢迎下载使用。
