2023年秋长沙一中高一英语开学摸底考试检测卷及参考答案

2023年秋高一开学摸底考试检测卷

英语参考答案

第一部分  阅读理解

第一节

A

1. 答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley (Afghanistan)中"Afghanistan"可知，The cultural landscape and archaeological remains of the Bamiyan Valley是位于阿富汗的世界遗产，而阿富汗位于亚洲。故选D。

2. 答案：A

解析：推理判断题。根据Historic Centre of Vienna (Austria)中"It played an important role as a leading European music centre"可知，维也纳在欧洲音乐史上十分重要，所以对于喜爱音乐的人来说非常有吸引力。故选A。

3. 答案：A

解析：推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第一段"The following properties which the World Heritage Committee(世界遗产委员会) has decided to include on the List of World Heritage are under threat.''可知，本文所介绍的三处世界遗产都处于危险之中。故选A。

B

4. 答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段"When I read the above words, I felt heartache."可知，作者感到难过、心痛。故选B。

5. 答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据第四段"For some kids, managing school and friends is easy. Maybe you have a child who's outgoing, self-confident or maybe you have a child who doesn't have any problems. However, for some kids, school and friends can be very difficult."可知，不是所有的孩子都能处理好学校的问题和交朋友的事情。故选D。

6. 答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据第五段"A birthday party is a fun, exciting and good opportunity. It is a chance for the kid on the sidelines to play with other kids who don't play with him/her at school or who don't call him/her a friend."可知，对于一些内向的孩子来说，生日聚会是和其他孩子玩耍和交朋友的机会。故选C。

7. 答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段"Sometimes a birthday party invitation is not just a birthday party invitation; it's also an invitation to be a friend."可知，作者认为对于很多性格内向的孩子来说，生日聚会是交朋友的好机会，因此建议我们不要拒绝别人的生日聚会邀请。故选D。

C

8. 答案：A

解析：写作意图题。根据第一段"It is common for your mind to wander to a vacation and even travel the world."可知，作者写第一段是为了引出文章要讨论的话题，即有一种方法可以实现不怎么花钱就能周游世界的愿望。故选A。

9. 答案：B

解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段"A person that managed to make it around the world without spending much was Shantanu Starick."和"he would instead offer his photography service to anyone who could provide him with food, shelter and transportation"可知，Shantanu Starick做到了不怎么花钱就可以周游世界，他通过为别人拍照来获取食宿和交通。由此推断，trade off意为"以……作为交换(以求得某种结果)"。故选B。

10. 答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段"More than anything, the locals appreciate the effort behind trying to speak their language, even if he doesn't exactly sound like a native speaker."可知，在不说英语的国家，当地人认为，对旅行者来说关键是要努力学着说当地的语言。故选D。

11. 答案：C

解析：细节理解题。通读全文可知，Shantanu Starick通过为别人拍照来获取旅行的食宿和交通，即他有一种不需要怎么花钱就能周游世界的技能。故选C。

D

12. 答案：B

解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段"Mars is rich in CO2 and the lunar surface has a high concentration of CO2"可知，火星富含二氧化碳，月球表面二氧化碳浓度很高。因此，牛津大学的科学家提出将大气中的二氧化碳转化为航空燃料，这或许是一种可行的解决办法。划线词feasible意为"可行的"，practical与之含义相似。故选B。

13. 答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段"So far aviation scientists have tried to use other energy resources like electricity to fly. But such flights are limited to short distances."可知，迄今为止，航空业面临的问题是替代能源的动力不够强大，只能支撑短途飞行。故选D。

14. 答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段"But what Oxford scientists suggest is adding a cheap iron-based catalyst and hydrogen to turn CO2 into liquid fuel. As the process would not involve using fossil fuel, it will make the industry carbon neutral(碳中和的)."可知，牛津大学的科学家建议加入廉价的铁基催化剂和氢，将二氧化碳转化为液体燃料。该过程中不使用化石燃料，这将使该行业实现碳中和。由此推断，这种燃料制作方法可以节省成本，而且环保。故选A。

15. 答案：B

解析：标题概括题。通读全文可知，本文主要围绕牛津大学科学家提出的一种新的、有突破性的解决航空燃料问题的方法，即将空气中的二氧化碳转化为航空燃料展开。故选B。

第二节

16. 答案：G

解析：根据上文"In fact, people's first impressions are made within seven seconds of meeting someone new. (事实上，人们的第一印象是在遇到一个新人的七秒钟之内形成的。)"和下文给人留下良好第一印象的方法可知，G项"以下是一些如何给人留下良好第一印象的建议。"切题。故选G。
17. 答案：F

解析：根据上文"Show respect. People want to feel respected before they show you the same respect. (表示尊重。人们希望在对你表现出同样的尊重之前，先感受到尊重。)"可知，respect和polite是同义词。F项"要礼貌地说'请'和'谢谢'。"切题。故选F。
18. 答案：D

解析：根据下文"Don't be afraid to show that you are interested in someone. (不要害怕表现出你对某人感兴趣。)"可知，D项"对你遇到的人表现出兴趣。"切题。故选D。

19. 答案：C

解析：根据下文"Body language is as important as your words to first impressions. (对第一印象来说，肢体语言和你说的话一样重要。)"可知，C项"注意你的肢体语言。"切题。故选C。
20. 答案：B

解析：根据上文"If something unfortunate happens, you don't have to follow a scheduled meeting on the day. (如果有什么不幸的事情发生，你就不必去参加当天的会议。)"可知，此处与上文构成转折。B项"你可以另定时间。"切题。故选B。

第二部分  语言知识运用

第一节

21. 答案：C

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在漆黑的早晨起床只有三个原因：参加澳新军团日的活动；赶上便宜的航班；见证天文事件。A. order预定；B. pilot驾驶；C. catch赶上(火车、航班等)；D. cancel取消。根据下文"a cheap flight"可知，赶上便宜的航班是作者早起的原因之一。故选C。

22. 答案：B

解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这三个中的最后一个原因促使我把闹钟设置在今年5月8日星期日的凌晨3点。A. rules规则；B. alarm闹钟；C. standards标准；D. destination目的地。根据上文"set"和下文"3 a.m. on Sunday"可知，作者把闹钟设置在周日凌晨3点。故选B。

23. 答案：A

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我住在悉尼西部蓝山，我最好的朋友家。A. staying暂住；B. celebrating庆祝；C. exercising运动；D. shopping购物。根据下文"at my best friend's place"和"I got out of bed"可知，作者住在朋友家。故选A。

24. 答案：A

解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在改变主意前，我起了床。A. mind主意；B. clothes衣服；C. place地点；D. habit习惯。change one's mind是固定短语，意为"改变主意"；根据下文"I grabbed a jacket and headed outside"可知，作者在改变主意前，起了床。故选A。

25. 答案：D

解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：我抓起一件夹克，向外面走去，在小屋的拐角处停下来仰望天空。A. check out结账；B. get along相处；C. take off起飞；D. look up抬头看。根据下文"The Milky Way was blazing(闪耀) in a cloud-free sky"可知，作者在小屋的拐角处仰望天空。故选D。

26. 答案：B

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：银河在无云的天空中闪耀，几秒钟内一颗流星划过我的视野。A. walked走；B. sped快速经过；C. came来；D. stepped踩。根据上文"a shooting star"并结合常识可知，此处指流星快速划过。故选B。

27. 答案：C

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我叫醒了我的朋友，向她承诺这一切都是值得的。A. warned警告；B. persuaded劝说；C. promised承诺；D. requested请求。根据上文"I woke up my friend"和下文"it would be worth her while"可知，作者向朋友承诺看流星是值得做的事情，朋友才会起来看。故选C。

28. 答案：A

解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她不像我那么热衷于看流星。A. keen热衷的；B. tied劳累的；C. cold寒冷的；D. certain确定的。根据上文"Then I woke up my friend and ___27___ her it would be worth her while."可知，作者需要向朋友承诺看流星值得，她才起来看，说明朋友并不热衷于此。故选A。

29. 答案：B

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喊道，"那儿！"。A. apologized道歉；B. shouted叫喊；C. scolded责备；D. praised表扬。根据下文"There!"可知，作者看到了下一颗流星，大声地喊了出来。故选B。

30. 答案：C

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意："在那边！"我说道，并且指了指，好像能帮上忙似的。A. crying哭泣；B. shaking颤抖；C. pointing指向；D. running跑步。根据上文"Over there!"可知，作者给朋友指出流星的方向。故选C。

31. 答案：D

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意："那里还有一颗！"她开始兴奋起来。A. hesitating犹豫；B. attempting试图；C. longing渴望；D. starting开始。根据上文"Then I woke up my friend and ___27___ her it would be worth her while."和下文"to get excited"可知，朋友对看流星并不是很热衷，直到看到流星后她才开始激动起来。故选D。

32. 答案：D

解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，流星来自四面八方。A. fields田野；B. corners角落；C. cottages木屋；D. directions方向。根据下文"We observed some ten more stars, most ___33___ before one of us could draw the other's attention."可知，天空的流星来自各个方向。故选D。

33. 答案：A

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几分钟内，我们又观察了十多颗流星，其中的大多数在我们互相引起对方的注意之前就消失了。A. disappearing消失；B. burning燃烧；C. falling降落；D. freezing结冰。根据上文"some ten more stars within minutes"可知，因为流星出现的时间很短，所以大多数在我们互相引起对方的注意之前就消失了。故选A。

34. 答案：B

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个半小时后，我和朋友已经看了几十颗流星，我们感觉很冷，认为已经看够了。A. predicted预测；B. figured认为；C. doubted怀疑；D. suggested建议。根据上文"my friend and I were cold"和下文"we had seen enough"可知，作者和朋友认为已经看够了。故选B。

35. 答案：C

解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们很赞叹，这感觉就像给我们的专属表演，我们紧紧地抱着胳膊，走回小屋。A. Disappointed失望的；B. Anxious焦虑的；C. Amazed赞叹的；D. Scared害怕的。根据下文"our own private show"可知，作者将其视为一场专属表演，感到赞叹不已。故选C。

第二节

36. 答案：Consequently

解析：考查副词。句意：因此，在宴会或正式晚宴上应该遵守某些礼仪。此处修饰后面的句子，应用副词作状语，表示因果关系。注意首字母大写。故填Consequently。

37. 答案：which/that

解析：考查定语从句。句意：因此，在宴会或正式晚宴上应该遵守某些礼仪。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是certain manners，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。

38. 答案：to

解析：考查介词。句意：中国人非常重视宴会或正式晚宴的座位顺序。attach great importance to是固定搭配，意为"高度重视"。故填to。

39. 答案：a

解析：考查冠词。句意：过去，中国人经常围坐在一张被称作八仙桌的桌子上吃饭。此处泛指"一张八仙桌"，且so-called以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。

40. 答案：to dine

解析：考查不定式。句意：过去，中国人经常围坐在一张被称作八仙桌的桌子上吃饭。此处作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to dine。

41. 答案：facing

解析：考查现在分词。句意：面对门的两个座位是最重要的。本句已有系动词were，且The two seats与face是主谓关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填facing。

42. 答案：guests

解析：考查名词。句意：在这两个座位的对面坐着两位特别邀请的客人，他们是帮助招待主客的。根据数词two可知，此处应用可数名词的复数形式。故填guests。

43. 答案：were arranged

解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：其他人根据年龄被安排坐在桌子的两侧。根据In the past可知，时态应用一般过去时；The other people和arrange是动宾关系，应用被动语态；主语The other people是复数，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填were arranged。

44. 答案：were

解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：靠近主人和主客的两个座位被认为比其他两个座位更重要。be considered + adj. 是固定搭配，意为"被认为是……"，根据In the past可知，时态应用一般过去时；主语The two seats是复数，系动词应用复数形式。故填were。

45. 答案：it

解析：考查形式宾语。句意：如今，大多数中国人仍然认为在餐桌上安排座位是一项重要习俗。不定式短语to arrange seats at table是真正的宾语，此处应用it作形式宾语。故填it。

第三部分  写作

第一节

答案：

Dear Tom,

You have told me that you are very interested in how we Chinese celebrate our traditional festivals. With the Spring Festival approaching, I would like to invite you to join us in the celebration in our class.

A variety of activities will be included at the celebration, such as performances, games and gift-exchanging, which will surely enable you to know better about our culture. To get fully involved, I, together with my classmates, hope that you can put on a performance with us. And I think it will be a good combination of both our culture and yours. By the way, the celebration will take place in the school lecture hall from 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. on December 30, 2023.

We are looking forwarding to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

第二节

答案：

Paragraph 1:

Jane really felt ashamed after hearing that. She decided to go back home. On the way home, Jane thought what she would say to her mother when she arrives home: "Mom, I'm sorry. I know it was my fault, Please forgive me..." Once up the steps, Jane saw her mother worried and tired from looking for her everywhere. Upon seeing Jane, her mother gently said, "Come inside, honey. You are probably very hungry? I have cooked rice and prepared the meal already. Come and eat while it is still hot."

Paragraph 2:

Jane could not control herself any longer and cried in her mom's arms. In life, we are sometimes easy to appreciate the small actions of some people around us, but for the relatives, especially parents, we take it for granted that they make sacrifices for us. Parental love and concern are the most precious gifts we have been given since birth. Parents do not expect us to pay back for nurturing us but we should appreciate and treasure the unconditional sacrifice of our parents.