辽宁省锦州市锦州中学2023-2024学年高一英语上学期新生入学试卷（Word版附解析）

这是一份辽宁省锦州市锦州中学2023-2024学年高一英语上学期新生入学试卷（Word版附解析），共34页。试卷主要包含了请同学们诚信考试，认真作答等内容，欢迎下载使用。

英语入学测试
考试时间：150分钟，试卷满分：200分（含25分附加题）
考试开始前，请仔细阅读考试注意事项。
注意事项：1.请同学们诚信考试，认真作答
2.发到试卷后请翻到第五页阅读第六大题听力部分，听力音频将在考试开始2分钟内播放，请同学们做好准备。另：听力1-5题每小题只读1遍，6-10题每段材料读2遍
3.请同学们将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效，考试结束后只上交答题卡。请同学们妥善保管试卷，日后会进行讲解。
4.注意考试时间分配，时间来不及的时候先写作文，作文每个人一定要写，为了了解同学们真实的作文水平。推荐附加题也要尽量写，实在不会除外。
一、单选题（本大题共7小题，共7分）
1. —When can we see the films in our town?
—Not until the cinema ________ next year
A. builds B. will build C. is built D. will be built
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：——我们镇上什么时候能看电影?——直到明年电影院建成。分析句意再根据until可知，此处时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来，又因为the cinema和动词built之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，所以be动词用is。故选C项。
2. —Mike, where is your father?
—He ________ to New York on business. He ________ the airport at five in the morning.
A. has gone; has left for B. has been; has left for
C. has gone; left for D. has been; left for
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：——迈克，你父亲在哪儿？——他到纽约出差去了。他早上5点动身去的机场。第一空表示已经去了，现在人不在这里，应用have/has gone to；而have/has been to表示已经去过，如今已经回来了；第二空根据后文at five in the morning描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时。故选C。
3. Unless _______ , he kept silent all the time.
A. spoken B. being spoken to C. spoken to D. speaking to
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查条件状语从句的省略。句意：除非有人跟他说话，否则他一直保持沉默。分析句子可知，本句考查的是unless引导的条件状语从句的省略，从句主语与主句主语he一致，且含有be动词，即省略了he was，又因空处与其主语he之间是动宾关系，所以需用过去分词表示被动，speak表示“说话”时，为不及物动词，所以加宾语时后应跟介词to，即speak to sb.表示“和某人说话”。故选C项。
4. If you put a stone in the way of an ant, it will go around, over, under or on top, without stopping, until it finds a way to get ______ it needs to be.
A. what B. how C. which D. where
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查地点状语从句。句意：如果你把一块石头挡住蚂蚁的去路，它会不停地四处走动，从上面、下面或上面，不会停止，直到它找到到达它需要的地方的方法。get表示“到达”，为不及物动词，后面需要的是地点状语从句，表示“到达它要去的地方”，用where引导的地点状语从句，故选D项。
5. He suggested that the problems ______ paid special attention to.
A. referred to being B. refer to being C. referred to be D. referring to be
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词、语态和虚拟语气。句意：他建议应该要对涉及到的问题给予重视。分析句子可知，宾语从句中的谓语动词是paid，故空格处用非谓语，根据与逻辑主语problems是被动关系，故用过去分词referred to；主句的谓语动词是suggested，表示“建议”，其后面的宾语从句用should do，should可以省略，与主语problems是被动关系，用被动语态，故选C。
【点睛】suggest一般用作及物动词，接名词、代词、动名词、带疑问词的动词不定式或由that/wh-引导的从句作宾语。suggest作“建议”“提议”解后接that从句作宾语时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟式；作“表明，暗示”“使想起”等解时，从句中的谓语动词可用陈述式。
6. （2014·福建） no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A. Were there B. Had there been
C. If there are D. If there have been
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查if虚拟条件句的省略和倒装。句意：“如果没有现代的电信业，要想得到世界各地的消息，我们就不得不等几个星期。”本题是一个表示与现在相反 if 虚拟条件句，if 从句中使用“did/were”, 主句使用“情态动词(would/could/should/might)+动词原形”；而if虚拟条件句发生省略和倒装的条件是：从句谓语部分含有were/had/should。若满足该条件，可将if省去，将were/had/should提于句首，发生部分倒装。故 A 正确。
考点：if虚拟条件句的省略和倒装

7. —____________ that he didn’t dare to move an inch.
—So____________, and so ____________ you, were you in the dark.
A. So frightened was he; was he; would B. He was so frightened; he was; were
C. So frightened was he; he was; would D. So frightened he was; was he; were
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查部分倒装和固定句型。句意：——他吓得一步也不敢动。——他是这样，如果你在黑暗中，你也会这样。第一空，在so… that…句式中，如果so位于句首，主句中的主语和谓语需部分倒装，即将助动词/情态动词/be动词提到主语之前，其他语序不变，故排除B、D选项；第二空，句型“so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词”表示同意上文或对方刚说的话，意为“确实就是……”；第三空为句型“so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”，表示前面所陈述的情况也适用于另外一人，意为“……也一样”。故选C。
二、阅读理解（本大题共31小题，共77.5分）
Passage A（共5小题，12.5分）
While I was jumping rope, my smartphone took a fall to the floor which created cracks (裂缝) on my screen. However, the music kept playing. 30 minutes later, I could see only one-tenth of my screen while the rest was black. The next morning, I decided not to use it for 24 hours. I felt a sense of calm that day, which led to my not using it for one week. One week ended up becoming 60 days in total without my smartphone.
Here are some advantages I noticed in this challenge.
-You'll become “bored”
Without my phone, I became bored, but my mind went through all kinds of topics, Boredom (无聊) is a perfect way to create new ideas on a business or project. When you are bored, you allow your mind to relax to reach all possibilities.
-You'll be able to reduce your “work” hours
A survey found that adults checked their smartphones 85 times a day, or once every 10 minutes. As I learned in my challenge, by not having my smartphone, I fell into deep work more easily, so I completed my tasks in a shorter time.
-You’ll improve your mental health
Without my phone, I avoided reading negative news and comments. While that helped make a big improvement in my mental health, the biggest reason for it was truly communicating with people. It brought me more connections with humans in the real world. I went to more dinners with friends and asked more questions to strangers.
8. What happened to the writer’s smartphone?
A. It was lost. B. It had no sound.
C. Its music stopped playing. D. Its screen was mostly black.
9. How long did the writer stop using the phone in the end?
A. For 24 hours. B. For one week. C. For one month. D. For sixty days.
10. Boredom is a good way for the writer________.
A. to create new ideas B. to start a business
C. to set up a project D. to relax the body
11. Without the smartphone, the writer could finish the work________.
A. more terribly B. more quickly C. more carelessly D. more comfortably
12. What can improve people’s mental health according to the passage?
A. Chatting on the phone. B. Reading negative news.
C. Communicating in the real world. D. Avoiding meeting friends and strangers.
【答案】8. D 9. D 10. A 11. B 12. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。作者通过自己60天没有使用智能手机的经历，讲述了没有智能手机的好处，你会变得无聊，但会让头脑放松；可以减少你的工作时间；心理健康会大有改善。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据文中第一段中“30 minutes later, I could see only one-tenth of my screen while the rest was black. (30分钟后，我只能看到屏幕的十分之一，其余的都是黑色的。)”可知，作者的智能手机屏幕大部分是黑色的。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据文中第一段中“One week ended up becoming 60 days in total without my smartphone. (一个星期最后变成了整整60天没有用我的智能手机。)”可知，作者停止使用手机的时间是六十天。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据You'll become “bored”部分中的“Boredom is a perfect way to create new ideas on a business or project. (无聊是在商业或项目上创造新想法的完美方式。)”可知，无聊是作者创造新的想法的好方法。故选A。
4.细节理解题。根据You'll be able to reduce your “work” hours部分中的“As I learned in my challenge, by not having my smartphone, I fell into deep work more easily, so I completed my tasks in a shorter time. (正如我在我的挑战中所学到的，由于没有智能手机，我更容易投入到深层次的工作中，所以我在更短的时间内完成了我的任务。)”可知，没有智能手机，作者就可以更快地完成这项工作。故选B。
5.细节理解题。根据文中最后一段“Without my phone, I avoided reading negative news and comments. While that helped make a big improvement in my mental health, the biggest reason for it was truly communicating with people. It brought me more connections with humans in the real world. I went to more dinners with friends and asked more questions to strangers. (没有手机，我避免阅读负面新闻和评论。虽然这有助于我的心理健康有了很大的改善，但最大的原因是真正与人沟通。它给我带来了更多与现实世界中的人类的联系。我和朋友一起吃了更多的晚餐，向陌生人问了更多的问题。)”可知，在现实世界中交流能改善人们的心理健康。故选C。
Passage B（共5小题，12.5分）
“Children, tomorrow I shall expect all of you to write compositions,” said a teacher of Love Lane School. “Then, on Friday those who have done the best may stand up and read their compositions to the school.” Some of the children were pleased, and some were not. “What shall we write about?” they asked.
Some of them thought that “Home” was a good subject. Others liked “School”. One little boy chose “The Horse”. A little girl said she would write about “Summer”. The next day, every pupil except Henry Longfellow had written a composition.
“Well, then,” said the teacher, “you may take your notebook and go out behind the schoolhouse for half an hour. Think of something to write about, and write the word on your notebook. Then try to tell what it is, what it is like, what it is good for, and what is done with it. That is the way to write a composition.”
Henry took his notebook and went out. Just behind the schoolhouse was Mr. Finney’s barn. Quite close to the barn was a garden. And in the garden, Henry saw a turnip (萝卜).
“Well, I know what that is,” he said to himself and he wrote the word turnip on his notebook. Then he tried to tell what it was like, what it was good for, and what was done with it.
Within half an hour, he had written a very neat composition on his notebook. He then went into the house, and waited while the teacher read it.
The teacher was surprised and pleased. He said, “Henry Longfellow, you have done very well. Today you may stand up before the school and read what you have written about the turnip.”
Many years after that, some funny little poems about Mr. Finney’s turnip were printed in a newspaper. Some people said that they were what Henry Longfellow wrote on his notebook that day at school.
13. Some students were not pleased probably because________.
A. the teacher would not read their compositions B. they did worse than other students at school
C. they didn’t know what to write about the composition D. they would have no time to enjoy themselves at all
14. The second paragraph is mainly to tell us that________.
A. Henry was a lazy boy B. students wrote compositions on different topics
C. other students was cleverer than Henry D. Henry would like to stand outside alone
15. Why did the teacher ask Henry to stand behind the schoolhouse?
A. To write a composition. B. To punish him seriously.
C. To have a good time. D. To help Mr. Finney.
16. Which of the following statements is TRUE of Henry’s composition?
A. No one liked it. B. Its topic was very strange to people.
C. Henry wrote it especially for a newspaper. D. It was better than other students’ compositions.
17. We can learn from Henry’s story that________.
A. actions speak louder than words B. good works come from discovery of life
C. all things are difficult before they are easy D. a friend without mistakes is never found
【答案】13. C 14. B 15. A 16. D 17. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要通过老师让Henry Longfellow到校舍后面自己观察和思考写作文的故事告诉我们，好的作品来自对生活的发现。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Some of the children were pleased, and some were not. “What shall we write about?” they asked.(有些孩子很高兴，有些孩子不高兴。“我们应该写些什么？”他们问道。)”可知，有些学生不高兴可能是因为他们不知道该写什么作文。故选C项。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Some of them thought that “Home” was a good subject. Others liked “School”. One little boy chose “The Horse”. A little girl said she would write about “Summer”. (他们中的一些人认为“家”是一个好主题。另一些人喜欢“学校”。一个小男孩选择了“马”。一位小女孩说她会写“夏天”。)”可知，第二段主要是告诉我们学生们写关于不同主题的作文。故选B项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Well, then,” said the teacher, “you may take your notebook and go out behind the schoolhouse for half an hour. Think of something to write about, and write the word on your notebook. Then try to tell what it is, what it is like, what it is good for, and what is done with it. That is the way to write a composition.”(“好吧，那么，”老师说，“你可以带着你的笔记本到校舍后面去半个小时。想一些要写的东西，把它写在笔记本上。然后试着说出它是什么，它是什么样子的，它有什么好处，以及用它做了什么。这就是写作文的方法。”)”可知，老师要Henry站在校舍后面是为了让他写一篇作文。故选A项。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Then, on Friday those who have done the best may stand up and read their compositions to the school.(然后，在周五，那些表现最好的孩子可以站起来给学校读作文。)”第和七段“The teacher was surprised and pleased. He said, “Henry Longfellow, you have done very well. Today you may stand up before the school and read what you have written about the turnip.”(老师既惊讶又高兴。他说：“亨利·朗费罗，你做得很好。今天你可以站在学校面前，读你写的关于萝卜的文章。”)”可知，亨利的作文应该比其他学生的作文好。故选D项。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。 通读全文可知，本文主要通过老师让Henry Longfellow到校舍后面自己观察和思考写作文的故事告诉我们，好的作品来自对生活的发现。故选B项。
Passage C（共5小题，12.5分）
The world is full of screens. They are on TVs, computers and smartphones. Screens are at school, at home, and just about everywhere in between. The time people spend every day looking at screens is known as “screen time.” Most families have rules about how much time children can spend with screens. Why do they have rules? Are there good reasons to limit screen time?
In many ways, screens are helpful for communication and connecting with other people. Social media and video calls allow people to be always in touch with one another. ________By sharing and commenting on videos, photos, games or music, people can meet others who have similar interests.
However, some adults are worried that young people spend too much time on screens and not enough time meeting people in real life. As a result, they may not properly understand feelings or develop strong relationships.
Many kinds of screen time may be good for students. Students may use screen time to develop their skills in creating music or videos. They may even learn skills such as coding (编程) computer programs. When students use their screen time to do research online, they may meet people who are different from them or ideas they have never thought about before.
However, some researchers think that screens change how the brain processes information. Some have linked (连接) screen time to lower test scores or less attention time.
In the future, scientists will continue studying the effects of screen time. Parents will likely continue to make rules limiting screen time. Plenty of good things can come from all this screen time, but it’s a good idea for people to pay attention to how much time in a day they spend looking at a screen. They should know how screen time influences their health, relationships, and learning.
18. Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank “ ________” in Paragraph 2.
A. People create videos and photos with their screen time.
B. People spend too much time sharing photos and videos.
C. Screen time can also help people build new relationships.
D. Screen time encourages people to meet friends in real life.
19. Which group of screen-time activities would “coding” belong to?
A. Social media. B. Learning Skills.
C. Playing Games. D. Researching online.
20. What’s the author’s opinion on screen time?
A. It should be increased. B. It should not be limited
C. It should be made good use of. D. It should not be allowed at school.
21. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
A. B. C. D.
22. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. What Is Screen Time? B. Screen Time and Learning.
C. Screen Time: Good or Bad? D. Screen Time and Social Life.
【答案】18. C 19. B 20. C 21. D 22. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了现代社会中屏幕时间的问题。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“In many ways, screens are helpful for communication and connecting with other people. Social media and video calls allow people to be always in touch with one another.(在许多方面，屏幕有助于与他人交流和联系。社交媒体和视频通话使人们能够始终保持联系。)”和 “By sharing and commenting on videos, photos, games or music, people can meet others who have similar interests.(通过分享和评论视频、照片、游戏或音乐，人们可以遇到有相似兴趣的人。)”可推断，屏幕时间也可以帮助人们建立新的关系。故选C。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“They may even learn skills such as coding (编程) computer programs.(他们甚至可以学习诸如编写计算机程序之类的技能。)”可知，编程属于学习技能这组屏幕时间活动。故选B。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Plenty of good things can come from all this screen time, but it's a good idea for people to pay attention to how much time in a day they spend looking at a screen. (看屏幕的时间可以带来很多好处，但人们最好注意一下自己一天看屏幕的时间。)”可推断，作者对屏幕时间的看法是应该好好利用。故选 C。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段提出问题“Are there good reasons to limit screen time? (限制看屏幕的时间有什么好的理由吗？)”，第二段和第四段讨论了屏幕时间的优点，第三段和第五段讨论了屏幕时间的缺点。第六段总结要合理利用屏幕时间。故文章的结构为总→分→总结构，故选D。
【22题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据最后一段“In the future, scientists will continue studying the effects of screen time. (未来，科学家将继续研究屏幕时间的影响。)”及全文可知，本文主要讨论了现代社会中屏幕时间时长优缺点的问题。故最佳标题应为“Screen Time: Good or Bad?(屏幕时间：好还是坏？)”故选C。
Passage D（共4小题，10分）
Scientists at Purdue University created the world’s whitest paint — a discovery that not only adds yet another choice to the“which white should we paint this wall” dilemma, but also might help the climate crisis.
The paint was developed by Purdue mechanical engineering professor Xiulin Ruan and his team. It works through a passive cooling technology that offers great promises to reduce space cooling cost and global warming. “When we started this project seven years ago, we had saving energy and fighting climate change in mind,”Ruan said in a podeast (播客) episode of This Is Purdue. They wanted to create a paint that would reflect sunlight away from a building, dramatically decreasing the need for air conditioning.
Heating, cooling, and lighting account for 28 percent of the world’s total greenhouse gas emissions. And overusing air conditioning can overwhelm a city’s power grid and cause blackouts (停电). In a Queens blackout in 2006,175,000 people were left without power, which lead to 40 deaths. This paint could effectively be an alternative to air conditioners in some places.
The paint reflects 98.1%of solar radiation while also giving out infrared (红外线的) heat. Because the paint takes in less heat from the sun than it gives out, a surface coated with this paint is cooled below the surrounding temperature without using power. Covering a roof area of 1,000 square feet with the paint could create 10 kilowatts ofcooling power, the researchers found.“That’s more powerful than the air conditioners used by most houses,”Ruan told This Is Purdue.
You can’t buy the paint just yet, but researchers are partnering with a company to put the paint on the market. While individual action to fight elimate change can help save our planet, it’s important to note that the vast majority of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions can be traced back to 100companies. Maybe we can douse(浇) those companies with this white paint, too — it could be worth a shot.
23. What is known about the paint?
A. It has different colors. B. It doesn’t cost much.
C. It uses heating technology. D. It is climate-friendly.
24. What is the Queens blackout mentioned to show?
A. The poor management of power. B. The significance of the paint.
C. The importance of air conditioning. D. The result of global warming.
25. Which aspect of the paint is talked about in Paragraph 4?
A. Its application. B. Its function.
C. Its composition. D. Its disadvantage.
26. What can be learned from the last paragraph?
A. The quality of the paint needs improving.
B. The paint will bring profits to the 100 companies.
C. Researchers want to see the paint in commercial use.
D. Individual efforts matter in creating the whitest paint.
【答案】23. D 24. B 25. B 26. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了普渡大学的科学家们创造了世界上最白的涂料——这一发现不仅为“我们应该把这面墙涂成哪种白色”的困境增加了另一个选择，而且可能有助于解决气候危机。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The paint was developed by Purdue mechanical engineering professor Xiulin Ruan and his team. It works through a passive cooling technology that offers great promises to reduce space cooling cost and global warming.”（这种涂料是由普渡大学机械工程教授阮秀林和他的团队开发的。它的工作原理是一种被动冷却技术，这种技术很有希望降低空间冷却成本和全球变暖。）可知，关于涂料我们知道它是气候友好型的。故选D项。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“In a Queens blackout in 2006,175,000 people were left without power, which lead to 40 deaths. This paint could effectively be an alternative to air conditioners in some places.”（在2006年皇后区的一次大停电中，17.5万人没有电，导致40人死亡。在一些地方，这种涂料可以有效地替代空调。）可推知，皇后区停电事件是为了说明涂料的意义。故选B项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The paint reflects 98.1%of solar radiation while also giving out infrared (红外线的) heat. Because the paint takes in less heat from the sun than it gives out, a surface coated with this paint is cooled below the surrounding temperature without using power. Covering a roof area of 1,000 square feet with the paint could create 10 kilowatts ofcooling power, the researchers found. “That’s more powerful than the air conditioners used by most houses,”Ruan told This Is Purdue.”（这种涂料能反射98.1%的太阳辐射，同时还能发出红外线。由于这种涂料从太阳吸收的热量比散发的热量少，涂上这种涂料的表面可以在不使用电力的情况下冷却到周围温度以下。研究人员发现，用这种涂料覆盖1000平方英尺的屋顶可以产生10千瓦的冷却功率。“这比大多数家庭使用的空调更强大，”阮告诉This Is Purdue。）可知，第4段主要谈论了涂料的功能方面的内容。故选B项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“You can’t buy the paint just yet, but researchers are partnering with a company to put the paint on the market. While individual action to fight elimate change can help save our planet, it’s important to note that the vast majority of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions can be traced back to 100companies. Maybe we can douse(浇) those companies with this white paint, too — it could be worth a shot.”（你现在还不能买到这种涂料，但研究人员正在与一家公司合作，将这种涂料推向市场。虽然个人行动对抗气候变化可以帮助拯救我们的地球，但重要的是要注意，世界上绝大多数温室气体排放可以追溯到100家公司。也许我们可以把这些公司也涂上这种白漆——值得一试。）可推知，从最后一段可以得知研究人员希望看到这种涂料在商业上的应用。故选C项。
Passage E（共4小题，10分）
Tetraplegic paticnts (those who can’t move their upper or lower body) are prisoners of their own bodies. Now a robot arm is to help them interact with their world. This research was completed by researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL). Professor Aude Billard and Jose del R. Millan worked together to create a computer program that can control a robot using electrical signals from a patient’s brain.
First, the user wears an EEG cap to have their electrical signals inside their brain scanned(扫 描)effectively, which are then interpreted by the machine-learning algorithm (算法).The computer then sends signals to the robot arm to determine how it moves. As the robot arm performs a motion,the algorithm is looking to get feedback from the user when it makes a mistake: perhaps it moved too fast, or too violently. The end goal is that the robot can learn the right movements for a task in a given context. For example, you might want the arm to use a bit of force to throw a paper ball, but you might want it to be gentler when putting glass bottles.
In the team’s research, they trained the robot arm to pick up a glass. The arm would move towards the glass and the user’s brain would decide if they felt it was too close or too far away. The process is repeated until the robot understands the optimal route for the individual’s preference - not too close to be a risk but not so far away to waste movement.
“Training an algorithm to read brain waves in a consistent fashion was the most challenging part, because the brain is not only focused on the hand but also processing many other things,” said Millan. “This means our algorithm will never be 100 % accurate.”
The researchers hope to eventually use their algorithm to control wheelchairs, which would allow people in wheelchairs to have greater control over their movements, speeds and general safety. However, this does require consistency over time to the algorithm.
27. Which paragraph mentions the working process?
A. Paragraph 1. B. Paragraph 2. C. Paragraph 3. D. Paragraph 4.
28. What does the underlined word “optimal” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Indirect. B. Best. C. Regular. D. Alternative.
29 How can the accuracy of reading brain waves be improved?
A. By controlling people’s brain. B. By ensuring general safety.
C. By processing other information. D. By gaining data continuously.
30. What could be the best title of the text?
A. This robot arm can read your mind.
B. Robot arms control your movement.
C. Algorithm finds cure for the disabled.
D. Machine-learning algorithm can train robots.
【答案】27. B 28. B 29. D 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，为了帮助四肢瘫痪的患者，科学家们发明了机器人手臂，患者可以用大脑电信号控制机器人手臂。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“First, the user wears an EEG cap to have their electrical signals inside their brain scanned(扫 描)effectively, which are then interpreted by the machine-learning algorithm (算法).The computer then sends signals to the robot arm to determine how it moves. As the robot arm performs a motion, the algorithm is looking to get feedback from the user when it makes a mistake: perhaps it moved too fast, or too violently. The end goal is that the robot can learn the right movements for a task in a given context.(首先，用户戴上脑电图帽，有效地扫描他们大脑中的电信号，然后由机器学习算法解释)。然后，计算机向机器人手臂发送信号，以确定它如何移动。当机器人手臂执行一个动作时，算法会在它犯错误时从用户那里得到反馈:可能移动得太快或太剧烈。最终目标是机器人能够在给定的环境中学习完成任务的正确动作。)”可知，第二段描述了机器人手臂的操作流程。故选B。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词后半句“not too close to be a risk but not so far away to waste movement.(既不会太近而有风险，又不会太远而浪费移动时间。)”可知，最终机器人会了解到适合个体偏好的最佳路线。所以optimal为“最佳的”之意。故选B。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The researchers hope to eventually use their algorithm to control wheelchairs, which would allow people in wheelchairs to have greater control over their movements, speeds and general safety.(研究人员希望最终能使用他们的算法来控制轮椅，这样坐轮椅的人就能更好地控制自己的行动、速度和总体安全。)”可推断，他们是通过不断获得数据来提高准确性的。故选D。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Now a robot arm is to help them interact with their world.This research was completed by researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL). Professor Aude Billard and Jose del R. Millan worked together to create a computer program that can control a robot using electrical signals from a patient’s brain.(现在，机器人手臂可以帮助他们与自己的世界进行互动。这项研究由瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院(EPFL)的研究人员完成。Aude Billard教授和Jose del R. Millan教授合作开发了一个计算机程序，该程序可以利用病人大脑的电信号来控制机器人。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，为了帮助四肢瘫痪的患者，科学家们发明了机器人手臂，患者可以用大脑电信号控制机器人手臂。所以“This robot arm can read your mind.(这个机器人手臂能读心术。)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。
Passage F（共4小题，10分）
Sitting in the garden for my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振动) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…” and my vision blurred (模糊). The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme — had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for.
I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career.
So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.
I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.
When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (视角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about.
Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.
31. How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender’s name?
A. Anxious. B. Angry. C. Surprised. D. Settled.
32. After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to ________.
A. criticise the review process B. stay longer in the Sahara Desert
C. apply to the original project again D. put his heart and soul into the lab work
33. According to the author, the project with the robotics professor was ________.
A. demanding B. inspiring C. misleading D. amusing
34. What can we learn from this passage?
A. An invitation is a reputation. B. An innovation is a resolution.
C. A rejection can be a redirection. D. A reflection can be a restriction.
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章中作者结合自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会，告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…”and my vision blurred (模糊). (当我看到邮件发件人的名字时，我的心跳加速了。这封邮件是这样开头的：“亲爱的格林先生，感谢您的关注”，“审核过程比预期的要长。”信的结尾是“我们很抱歉地通知你……”，我的视线模糊了)”可知，收到的是被拒绝的邮件，所以推测作者在看到电子邮件发件人的名字时感到焦虑。故选A。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all. (因此，当我收到这封邮件后不久，负责这个项目的玛丽·德文教授邀请我去她的实验室观察正在进行的工作时，我感到非常震惊。我欣然接受了这个机会，几周后，当她邀请我和她谈谈我可以在她的实验室里从事的潜在项目时，我同样感到震惊——同时也是欣喜若狂。她提出的建议似乎没有我最初申请的项目那么令人兴奋，但我打算全力以赴)”可知，与德文教授交谈后，作者决定全心全意地投入实验室工作。故选D。
33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue. (我发现自己和一个机器人教授一起研究从沙漠中远程收集数据的技术。我可以在沙发上完成这个项目，而不是在沙漠的酷热中完成，它不仅在封锁期间幸存下来，而且在传统方法不奏效的地方也奏效了。最后，我有了新的科学兴趣去追求)”可推知，机器人学教授的项目很鼓舞人心。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them. (我明白了有时候我需要抓住提供的机会，即使这些机会在当时听起来并不完美，也要充分利用，而不是一成不变地制定计划)”结合文章中作者结合自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会，告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向。故C选项“拒绝可以是重定向”最符合文章的主旨。故选C。
Passage G（共4小题，10分）
What is life? Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple: we know of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life-called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles. Many of these practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is.
So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”
As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines.
Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is a field in which the central concept — life itself — is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn’t help either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) progression is a striking parallel (平行线) to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere.
Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.
35. Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of ALife, the author is .
A. supportive B. puzzled C. unconcerned D. doubtful
36. What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. Shocked. B. Protected. C. Attracted. D. Challenged.
37. What can we learn from this passage?
A. ALife holds the key to human future. B. ALife and AI share a common feature.
C. AI mirrors the developments of ALife. D. AI speeds up the process of human evolution.
38. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?
B. Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too?
C. Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?
D. Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve, Too?
【答案】35. A 36. C 37. B 38. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化的问题。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. (尽管许多ALifer讨厌强调他们研究的应用，但创造人工生命的尝试可能会有实际的回报)”可知，作者认为创造人工生命的尝试是会有回报的；再结合第二段“So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”(到目前为止，还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命。这一记录使生命科学成为批评的成熟目标，比如对该领域可疑科学价值的声明。复杂性科学家艾伦•史密斯厌倦了这样的抱怨。他说，询问ALife的“意义”可能完全没有抓住要点。“一个生命系统的存在与任何东西的使用无关。”Alan说。“有人问我，‘那么人工生命的价值是什么？’你有没有想过，‘你祖母的价值是多少？’”)”可推知，因为还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命，才导致使生命科学成为批评（认为其没有科学价值）的成熟目标，作者认为这是不合理的，所以后文引用了Alan Smith的话语对这种观点进行反驳，即关于Alan Smith对ALife的辩护，作者表示支持。故选A。
【36题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念enamored)”可知，人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，说明人工智能和ALife二者间有共同之处，可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引，所以才有了这种观点。故划线词意为“吸引”。故选C。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引)”可知，ALife和AI有一个共同的特点。故选B。
【38题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something: perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.(它们可能普遍适用于所有进化行为。最终，ALife可能没有什么特别的。但即使是这种否定也表明了一些事情：也许，就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样，ALife的崛起将被证明是不可避免的)”结合文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化。D选项“生命在进化。创造ALife的尝试也能进化吗？”是最合适的标题。故选D。
三、完形填空（本大题共25小题，共25分）
（一）（共10小题，10分）

One day, a baby snail found that he had to carry a big and heavy shell at any time. He didn’t ____39____ why it was, so he went up to his mother and asked, “Why was I born with a shell that grew so ____40____ and heavy?” His mother said, “Because we don’t have ____41____ to hold us up. We can only move slowly, so we need a shell to ____42____ us.”
The baby snail asked again, “The caterpillar (毛毛虫) has no bones, and she can’t move quickly either. Why can she ____43____ without a shell?” The mother snail answered, “That’s because a caterpillar will become a butterfly. She can ____44____ high into the sky. The sky can protect her. ”
The baby snail had one more ____45____, “But the earthworm moves like us. He has no bones and he won’t turn into a butterfly. Why doesn’t he carry a hard and heavy shell?” His mother said, “He can dig a hole and hide in the ____46____, and then the earth can protect him.”
The baby snail then cried, “We are so ____47____ ! We have no protection from the sky or from the ground!” His mother smiled at him. “That’s why we have a shell. My dear, imagine that if we don’t have the shells, what will happen to you? Hot sun will dry out our bodies and we’ll have nowhere to sleep. What’s more, we’ll die in the heavy rain. How _____48_____ it is! We don’t depend on the sky or the ground for protection. We should depend on ourselves.”
39. A. know B. expect C. think
40. A. tall B. hard C. fast
41. A. feet B. legs C. bones
42. A. protect B. attract C. guide
43. A. grow B. live C. breathe
44. A. fly B. jump C. circle
45. A. answer B. question C. requirement
46. A. sea B. sky C. ground
47. A. sleepy B. poor C. confident
48. A. amazing B. boring C. terrible
【答案】39. A 40. B 41. C 42. A 43. B 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. B 48. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一夹记叙文。文章主要讲述了一只蜗牛对自己又硬又重的壳感到困惑，蜗牛妈妈告诉他蜗牛壳的作用，并告诉他：我们不依赖天空或地面的保护。我们应该依靠自己。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不知道为什么，所以他走到母亲面前问：“为什么我生来就有一个又硬又重的壳？”A. know知道；B. expect期待；C. think认为。根据下文“so he went up to his mother and asked(于是他走到他妈妈跟前问)”可知，他不“知道”这是为什么，才会发问。故选A项。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. tall高的；B. hard硬的；C. fast迅速的。分析句意再根据上文的shell和下文“Why doesn’t he carry a hard and heavy shell?”可知，此处指壳是“硬的”。故选B项。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的妈妈说：“因为我们没有骨头来支撑我们。”A. feet脚；B. legs腿；C. bones骨头。分析句意再根据下文“to hold us up(来支撑我们)”可知，此处是指“骨头”支撑我们。且下文“The caterpillar (毛毛虫) has no bones”也是提示。故选C项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们只能缓慢移动，所以我们需要一个外壳来保护我们。A. protect保护；B. attract吸引；C. guide指导。根据上文“We can only move slowly(我们只能慢慢行动)”可知，此处指需要外壳的“保护”。且下文“We don’t depend on the sky or the ground for protection.”也是提示。故选A项。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为什么没有壳她也能活着?A. grow生长；B. live活着、生存；C. breathe呼吸。分析句意再根据下文“without a shell”可知，此处指毛毛虫没有外壳也能“活着”。故选B项。
44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她能飞得很高。A. fly飞；B. jump跳跃；C. circle圆圈。根据下文“the sky”和常识可知，此处指毛毛虫变成蝴蝶后能“飞”到高空。故选A项。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：小蜗牛还有一个问题：但是蚯蚓的动作和我们一样。A. answer回答；B. question问题；C. requirement要求。根据下文“Why doesn’t he carry a hard and heavy shell?(他为什么不带一个又硬又重的壳呢?)”可知，此处指小蜗牛还有一个“问题”。故选B项。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的妈妈说：“他可以挖一个洞，躲在大地里，这样泥土就可以保护他了。”A. sea海洋；B. sky天空；C. ground大地。根据下文“and then the earth can protect him(这样泥土就可以保护他了)”可知，此处指他躲在“大地里”。故选C项。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：小蜗牛哭着说：“我们太可怜了!我们既没有上天的保护，也没有地面的保护!”A. sleepy困倦的；B. poor可怜的；C. confident自信的。根据下文“We have no protection from the sky or from the ground!(我们没有来自天空和地面的保护!)”可知，小蜗牛认为他们很可怜。故选B项。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：太可怕了!A. amazing惊人的；B. boring令人厌烦的；C. terrible糟糕的，可怕的。根据上文“What’s more, we’ll die in the heavy rain.(更重要的是，我们会死在大雨中)”可知，这是多么“可怕”的事情。故选C项。
（二）（共15小题，15分）
My father was raised in a fatherless home at a time when government assistance (帮助) was unheard of. The family of five struggled hard to ___49___, which caused my father to be extremely mean with his money.
When we children—two older brothers and myself—asked him for some money, his face turned cold, saying “If you are old enough to ask, you are old enough to ___50___”. So when the need ___51___, we tried to seek jobs in the neighborhood or sell produce from the garden.
His attitude didn’t soften as we grew into adulthood and went to jobs or college. Since none of us had a car, we had to ride the bus whenever we came home. Though the bus stopped about two miles from home, father never ___52___ us, even in ___53___ weather. If someone ___54___, he would say, "That’s what your legs are for!” For me, the walk didn’t bother me as much as the ___55___ of walking alone along the highway and country roads. I also felt that my father didn’t seem concerned about my safety. That feeling disappeared one spring evening.
It had been an extremely ___56___ week at college. Tests and long hours in labs had left me ___57___. I longed for home and a soft bed. As other students were met at their stops, I gazed ___58___ out of the window. Finally, the bus stopped at my destination. I stepped off and walked home with my luggage.
A row of hedge (树篱笆) edged the driveway that climbed the hill to our house. Once I turned off (走下) the highway and saw the hedge, I was always ___59___ because it meant that I was almost home. On that particular evening, the hedge had just come into ___60___ when I saw a(an) ___61___ moving toward the house along the top of the hedge. Upon closer ___62___, I realized it was my father. Then I knew each time I came home, he stood ___63___ the hedge, watching until he knew I had arrived safely. I swallowed hard against the tears. He did care, after all.
49. A. process B. transform C. survive D. exist
50. A. worry B. spend C. earn D. print
51. A. happened B. arose C. passed D. counted
52. A. met B. hugged C. welcomed D. greeted
53. A. pleasant B. bad C. mild D. agreeable
54. A. questioned B. complained C. hesitated D. suspected
55. A. boredom B. delight C. warmth D. fear
56. A. colorful B. stressful C. wonderful D. sorrowful
57. A. awkward B. embarrassed C. ashamed D. exhausted
58. A. eagerly B. happily C. curiously D. crazily
59. A. frightened B. inspired C. relieved D. astonished
60. A. effect B. life C. being D. view
61. A. figure B. statue C. sculpture D. character
62. A. examination B. observation C. inspection D. experience
63. A. before B. above C. behind D. off
【答案】49. C 50. C 51. B 52. A 53. B 54. B 55. D 56. B 57. D 58. A 59. C 60. D 61. A 62. B 63. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了表面漠不关心的父亲，实际在背后默默的关心着我们。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：五口之家挣扎着生存,这使我父亲对他的钱极其吝啬。A. process处理；B. transform转换；C. survive生存；幸存；D. exist存在。根据“which caused my father to be extremely mean with his money.”可知，父亲对钱很吝啬，因此可知，五口之家生存很难，故选C。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他冷着脸说，“如果你到了要钱的年纪，你就可以去赚钱了”。A. worry担忧；B. spend花费；C. earn赢得；D. print打印。根据“we tried to seek jobs in the neighborhood or sell produce from the garden.”（我们试着在附近找工作，或者卖菜园里的农产品。）可知，是因为父亲跟我们说让我们自己去赚钱，所以我们需要钱时才会自己去赚，故选C。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，当需求出现时，我们试图在附近找工作或出售菜园里的农产品。A. happened发生；B. arose出现；C. passed穿过；D. counted计数。根据“we tried to seek jobs in the neighborhood or sell produce from the garden.”（我们试着在附近找工作，或者卖菜园里的农产品。）可知，当我们需要钱时，即需求出现时，我们会自己赚钱，故选B。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管公共汽车在离家两英里的地方停，父亲从来没有接过我们，即使是在恶劣的天气里。A. met迎接；遇见；B. hugged拥抱；C. welcomed欢迎；D. greeted打招呼。根据“he would say, “That’s what your legs are for!””（他会说，“这就是你长腿的用处”）可知，爸爸不会来接我们，故选A。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管公共汽车在离家两英里的地方停，父亲从来没有接过我们，即使是在恶劣的天气里。A. pleasant高兴的；B. bad坏的；C. mild温和的；D. agreeable愉悦的。根据“Though the bus stopped about two miles from home, father never __ _4___ us, even in”（尽管公共汽车在离家两英里的地方停，父亲从来没有接过我们）可知，此处表示递进关系，即使恶劣的天气父亲也不会来接我们，故选B。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果有人抱怨，他会说，“这就是你长腿的用处”A. questioned询问；B. complained抱怨；C. hesitated犹豫；D. suspected怀疑。根据“he would say, 'That’s what your legs are for!'”（他会说，“这就是你长腿的用处”）可知，这是别人抱怨时我父亲回怼的话，故选B。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，走路并没有困扰我，而是害怕独自走在高速公路和乡村道路上。A. boredom无聊；B. delight高兴；C. warmth温暖；D. fear害怕。根据“of walking alone along the highway and country roads.”（独自沿着公路和乡村道路散步那样）可知，独自走路我感觉很害怕，故选D。
【56题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是在大学里压力非常大的一周。 A. colorful富有色彩的；B. stressful紧张的；C. wonderful好的；D. sorrowful悲伤的。根据“Tests and long hours in labs”（测试和长时间的实验室生活）可知，这一周是令人紧张的，故选B。
【57题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：测试和长时间的实验室生活让我精疲力竭。A. awkward不舒服的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. ashamed羞愧的；D. exhausted精疲力竭的。根据“I longed for home and a soft bed.”（我渴望家和柔软的床。）可知，我筋疲力尽了，故选D。
【58题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当其他学生在车站被迎接时，我急切地凝视着窗外。A. eagerly急切地；B. happily高兴地；C. curiously好奇地；D. crazily疯狂地。根据“As other students were met at their stops”（当其他学生在车站被迎接时）可知，此时我也渴望被迎接，故迫切地望向窗外，故选A。
【59题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦我离开高速公路，看到树篱，我总是松一口气，因为这意味着我就快到家了。A. frightened害怕的；B. inspired能力卓越的；C. relieved放心的；D. astonished惊喜的。根据“because it meant that I was almost home.”（因为这意味着我快到家了。）可知，快到家的我感觉松了一口气，故选C。
【60题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个特别的晚上，树篱刚进入视野，我就看到一个人影沿着树篱的顶部朝房子移动。A. effect影响；B. life生活；C. being生物；D. view观点。根据“when I saw a(an) _ __13___ moving toward the house along the top of the hedge.”（我就看到一个人影沿着树篱的顶部朝房子移动）可知，树篱映入眼帘时，故选D。
【61题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个特别的晚上，树篱刚进入视野，我就看到一个人影沿着树篱的顶部朝房子移动。A. figure人影；数字；B. statue塑像；C. sculpture雕像；D. character性格。根据“moving toward the house along the top of the hedge”（沿着树篱的顶部朝房子移动）和“I realized it was my father.”（ 我意识到那是我父亲）可知，我看到一个人影，故选A。
【62题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过仔细观察，我意识到那是我父亲。A. examination考试；B. observation观察；C. inspection检查；D. experience经历。根据“I realized it was my father.”（我意识到那是我父亲）可知，此处指的是仔细观察，故选B。
【63题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后我知道，每次我回家，他都站在树篱后面，直到他知道我安全到达。A. before在……之前；B. above以上；C. behind后面；D. off离开。根据“ I saw a(an) ___13_____ moving toward the house along the top of the hedge.”可知，父亲一直在树篱后面看着我，故选C。
四、语法填空（本大题共20小题，共30分）
（一）（共10小题，15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The power of Chinese emperors rose and fell with their control of the Grand Canal. Today, this waterway is shorter than it was once, ____64____ it is still the longest man-made river in the world. ____65____ (important), the Grand Canal continues to provide a vital cultural and economic link for modern China.
The original Canal system began around the year 605, ____66____ China’s emperor Yang realized that he needed a better way to move food and feed his army, so the emperor ordered the construction of the first section of the Grand Canal, ____67____ (connect) those existing canals, lakes and rivers.
For more than a thousand years, goods ____68____ (transport) along the Grand Canal. Even today the country’s watery highway plays an important economic role in China. Boats continue to carry tons of coal, food and other goods ____69____ Hangzhou and Jining. However, local governments eager to increase ____70____ (tour) and city development have torn down almost all of the older canal-side buildings. In 2005 a group of citizens proposed that the historic Grand Canal be made ____71____ UNESCO world heritage site, hoping this status would protect both the waterway and the architecture around it. With UNESCO status officially ____72____ (grant) in 2014, the world’s greatest engineering accomplishments continue to link north and south China for _____73_____ (century) to come.
【答案】64. but
65. Importantly
66. when 67. connecting
68. have been transported
69. between
70. tourism
71. a 72. granted
73. centuries
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了大运河的发展历史和意义，以及人们为保护大运河做出的努力。
【64题详解】
考查连词。句意：现如今这条水道比以前更短了，但是它仍然是世界上最长的人工河。分析句意可知，前后句之间是转折关系，用连词but连接前后两个分句。故填but。
【65题详解】
考查副词。句意：重要的是，大运河继续提供重要的文化和现代中国经济的联系。空格处在句中作状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词形式。故填Importantly。
【66题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：最初的运河系统大约始于公元605年，当时中国的隋炀帝意识到他需要一种更好的方式来运输食物和养活他的军队，所以皇帝下令建造大运河的第一段，连接现有的运河、湖泊和河流。此处为定语从句修饰先行词the year 605，关系词将其代入定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
【67题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：最初的运河系统大约始于公元605年，当时中国的隋炀帝意识到他需要一种更好的方式来运输食物和养活他的军队，所以皇帝下令建造大运河的第一段，连接现有的运河、湖泊和河流。分析句子结构，句子谓语动词是ordered，提示词是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语the construction之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表主动，作伴随状语。故填connecting。
【68题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：1000多年来，货物被沿着大运河运输。空格处在作谓语，根据时间状语For more than a thousand years可知，应用现在完成时，主语goods和transport是动宾关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been transported。
【69题详解】
考查介词。句意：船只继续在杭州和济宁之间运输大量的煤炭、食物和其他的货物。between…and…是固定搭配，意为“在……和……之间”。故填between。
【70题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而地方政府渴望增加旅游和城市的发展，已经拆毁了几乎所有运河边的老建筑。根据and并列结构可知，空格处应填名词作宾语，tourism为不可数名词。故填tourism。
【71题详解】
考查冠词。句意：2005年一群公民提议将历史悠久的大运河列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录，希望这一地位能够保护这条水道和它周围的建筑。site为可数名词，此处表示泛指，UNESCO以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
【72题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：随着联合国教科文组织保护遗产的身份在2014年被官方认定，世界上最大的伟大的工程成就将在未来的几世纪里继续连接中国的南方和北方。考查with的复合结构，空格处应填非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语UNESCO status和grant之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。故填granted。
【73题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：随着联合国教科文组织保护遗产的身份在2014年被官方认定，世界上最大的伟大的工程成就将在未来的几世纪里继续连接中国的南方和北方。根据空格前的介词for可知，空格处应填名词作宾语，century表示“世纪”为可数名词，上文没有冠词，故应用复数形式。故填centuries。
（二）（共10小题，15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
For me, nothing is more satisfying ____74____ discovering hidden gems (珍宝) in ____75____ secondhand shop. ____76____ all, one person’s trash is another person’s treasure.
Two years ago, I came across a collection of dusty photos. I thought, if these were ____77____(I), or my family’s, I’d want someone to return them to me, so I made it my goal to do so for others.
I’ve since visited secondhand shops ____78____(week), and have accumulated more than 50, 000 of these items. I organize them in big boxes all over my house in New York. Photographs, home movies, undeveloped films, photo albums — you name it, I’ve collected it.
I’ve also set up a social media account to help reunite items with their owners or other family members. The quickest we’ve been able to find an owner is within two minutes. Someone commented below a photo I posted, “I think that’s my child’s preschool teacher. ” The longest we’ve taken to find someone is four months, but I’m proud that we still made it. There are ____79____(thousand) of photos that have yet to be reunited. ____80____ social media, this project would not be possible.
People are often quite emotional when we get in touch — most of these items are ____81____(lose) after a house move or a family death. Sometimes people donate a camera to a charity shop and forget to take the memory card out.
We once ____82____(manage) to reunite a family with pictures from 1943, which was special. I found a can containing two rolls of film at a shop. One of my followers found a family on a heritage site, and their old photographs looked similar to the ones I found. We contacted them, and they confirmed their ancestors were in the photographs. They were extremely grateful and said that a family member had recently moved out of New York, which is probably how the film ended up at a secondhand store.
I’d love to create a building to hold all these memories. I want every photo and video to be digitized so they can be preserved online. I’m bringing together a team to return the photos to their owners. _____83_____, I am still working on it though we are short of money. Maybe one day, I can realize my dream.
【答案】74. than
75. a 76. After
77. mine 78. weekly
79. thousands
80. Without
81. lost 82. managed
83. And
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲的是自己喜欢在二手商店淘宝，讲到了这个爱好开始的原因，以及这个爱好对其他人的帮助。
【74题详解】
考查介词。句意：对我来说，没有什么比在二手店发现隐藏的珍宝更令人满意的了。空前 more satisfying，是比较级。比较级和介词than连用，故填than。
【75题详解】
考查不定冠词。句意：对我来说，没有什么比在二手店发现隐藏的珍宝更令人满意的了。空后shop是可数名词单数，是辅音音素开头的单词，所以前边需要不定冠词a泛指一家二手商店，故填a。
【76题详解】
考查介词。句意：毕竟，一个人不要的东西就是另一个人的财富。after all表示“毕竟”，句首单词首字母要大写，故填After。
【77题详解】
考查名词性物主代词。句意：我想，如果这些是我的或我家人的，我会希望有人把它们还给我，所以我把为别人这样做作为我的目标。此空后无名词，需要表达“我的”之意。此处和 my family’s 形式一致，需要名词性物主代词，故填mine。
【78题详解】
考查副词。句意：从那以后，我每周都会去二手店，已经积累了 5 万多件这样的东西。空前句子主干完整，所以此空填副词形式做状语，故填weekly。
【79题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：有成千上万的照片尚未重聚。thousands of 表示“成千上万”，故填thousands。
【80题详解】
考查介词。句意：如果没有社交媒体，这个项目是不可能的。本段讲的是 social media 对我的帮助，所以此句句意为“没有媒体的帮助，这个项目是不可能的”，作为句首首字母要大写，故填Without。
【81题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当我们取得联系时，人们往往情绪激动——这些物品大多是在搬家或家人去世后丢失的。表示“丢失”应用形容词lost，作表语。故填lost。
【82题详解】
考查时态。句意：我们曾经用 1943 年的照片让一家人团聚，这很特别。由once（曾经）可知，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，故填managed。
【83题详解】
考查连词。句意：我正在召集一个团队将照片归还给他们的主人。而且，虽然我们手头紧，我仍在做这件事。由前后语境“我正在召集一个团队将照片归还给他们的主人”和“虽然我们手头紧，我仍在做这件事”可知，此处表示并列关系，故填And。
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共30分）
84. 查理•卓别林成功背后除了天赋还有乐观的精神、顽强的意志力。你认为成功的秘诀有哪些?《中山日报》英文专刊以“成功的秘诀”为题向中学生开展征文活动，请你用英语写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
①你认为什么是成功；
②举一个关于你自己或家人、朋友、名人等取得成功的事例；
③你认为获取成功的秘诀有哪些（至少两点）。
作文要求：
不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和考生的真实姓名。
②语句连贯，词数80左右。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The secrets of success
Have you heard of the saying “Where there is a will, there is a way?” It means if you want to succeed, you should have a dream and stick to it.
The saying has a special meaning to me. When I was in Grade 8, I was poor in my studies and nearly gave up. But my teacher gave me confidence whenever I lost my heart. He said, “A little more effort and you'll make it. “Thanks to him, all my efforts paid off.
Through this unforgettable experience, I believe as long as I have a dream and keep trying, I’ll make it.
【解析】
【导语】本文是开放作文。查理•卓别林成功背后除了天赋还有乐观的精神、顽强的意志力。你认为成功的秘诀有哪些？《中山日报》英文专刊以“成功的秘诀”为题向中学生开展征文活动，请你用英语写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：①你认为什么是成功；②举一个关于你自己或家人、朋友、名人等取得成功的事例；③你认为获取成功的秘诀有哪些（至少两点）。
【详解】1.词汇积累
成功：succeed→be successful
几乎：nearly→almost
由于：Thanks to→Due to
难忘的：unforgettable→memorable
2.句式拓展
变强调句
原句：But my teacher gave me confidence whenever I lost my heart.
拓展句：But it was my teacher that gave me confidence whenever I lost my heart.
【点睛】【高分句型1】When I was in Grade 8, I was poor in my studies and nearly gave up.(运用了when引导的时间状语从句)
【高分句型2】But my teacher gave me confidence whenever I lost my heart.(运用了whenever引导的时间状语从句)
85. 假定你是李华，得知美国外教Peter最近经常头痛，西医疗效不佳。请你给他写一封电子邮件，推荐中医治疗，简要介绍中医的优点（如副作用小，价格低等），并期待他早日康复。
注意:1.词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
I'm sorry to learn that you have been suffering from headaches, which prevent you from performing well in your work. Worse still, you haven't got better after taking medicine.
From my perspective, Chinese medicine producing fewer side effects is superior to western medicine to some extent. If time permits, patients can recover completely. In addition, Chinese medicine is less expensive, so you don't need to worry about your budget. I believe the treatment appeals greatly to you.
I hope you will recover soon. If there is anything you need me to do, don't hesitate to ask.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给最近经常头痛、但用西医治疗却没治好的美国外教Peter写封邮件，向他推荐中医治疗，简要介绍中医的优点（如副作用小，价格低等），并期待他早日康复。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时，少量的现在完成时、现在完成进行时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 推荐中医治疗；
2. 简要介绍中医的优点（如副作用小，价格低等）；
3. 期待他早日康复。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
be sorry to do sth.; suffer from; prevent sb. from doing sth.; side effects; be superior to sth.; to some extent; worry about; hesitate to do sth.
第三步：连词成句
1. I'm sorry to learn that you have been suffering from headaches, which prevent you from performing well in your work.
2. From my perspective, Chinese medicine producing fewer side effects is superior to western medicine to some extent.
3. In addition, Chinese medicine is less expensive, so you don't need to worry about your budget.
4. If there is anything you need me to do, don't hesitate to ask.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表并列补充关系：In addition
2.表因果关系：so
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1] I'm sorry to learn that you have been suffering from headaches, which prevent you from performing well in your work.用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
[高分句型2] If time permits, patients can recover completely. 用了If引导的条件状语从句。
六、听力（共10小题，10分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B.£9.18. C.£9.15.
答案是C.
1. How long will the man stay?
A. For one night. B. For two nights. C. For three nights.
2. What does the woman mean?
A. She will lend the man a hat.
B. The man can use her umbrella.
C. She doesn't have an umbrella either.
3. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A play. B. Reviewers. C. A newspaper.
4. Why is the man calling the woman?
A. To mail a sweater. B. To ask for a number. C. To place an order.
5. What does the woman think of the requirement?
A. Exciting. B. Surprising. C. Interesting.
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。
6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Co-workers. B. Husband and wife. C. Saleswoman and customer.
7. What problem does the woman have?
A. Her project is overdue. B. She is short of change. C. The food-selling machine is broken.
8. What does the man suggest the woman do?
A. Wait for another person. B. Make change for a dollar. C. Go to a better food-selling machine.
听第7段材料，回答第9至10题。
9. What is the woman?
A. A doctor. B. A nurse. C. A saleswoman.
10. What is wrong with the man?
A. He has a bad cough. B. He has a slight headache. C. He has an upset stomach.
七、附加题（本题共1小题，满分25分）
86. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Have you ever had to overcome an extreme challenge in your life?
My teenage years had been insane. From schoolwork to athletics, I had always been running around. Everything was so difficult.
Throughout my hectic teenage years I have been faced with many extreme challenges that have required extreme focus and hard work to overcome. If it hadn't been for hard work, none of these challenges that I faced would have been conquered.
Two years ago, when I was a freshman in high school, I dealt with an extremely significant injury. This took place in my tennis tournament in January. In the climax of my match, I jolted my back to the left and soon after felt a sharp, painful shock run through my spine. I knew at that difficult moment I seriously injured my back. I was rushed off the court and my parents made an appointment with an orthopedist (矫形外科医生) for the next morning.
I walked into the office extremely nervous and suffering from excruciating pain. My tennis season for school started in three months and I absolutely needed to build up the strength.
After about twenty minutes of waiting in the office, which felt like an eternity，the doctor walked in to examine my X­rays. With a sorrowful face, the doctor looked into mine and my mother's eyes and said," There is a 50/50 chance that Lucas will be able to participate in this years tennis season. Lucas broke his L5 vertebrae in his lower back." My heart dropped and I felt a sadness come over me. The doctor said that I would be sitting out of physical activity for two and a half to three months.
Those three months were the longest three months of my life. I was so eager to get back to practices for the season. Every day, I would think about how it was going to be when I was fully healthy. I asked myself," Am I going to be out of shape? Should I even play this year? I probably won't have a successful season."
From that dreadful day on, I decided that I was going to put in the work to be back in top form and have a successful season.
Paragraph 1：
After I got the" all clear" from my orthopedist I was going to get to work.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
My hard work proved to be very effective.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1：
After I got the" all clear" from my orthopedist I was going to get to work. Practices were going to start in two weeks and I was determined to get back on the court. My hunger for success made me play and work out for two hours every day before the season. Through practices, I would hit the gym and try to build up the strength that I had before the injury.
Paragraph 2：
My hard work proved to be very effective. I had the most successful season of my career. I made it to the finals. Although I truly wanted to win, I knew that it was a great accomplishment for me to be in that position even not in the first place. The injury was almost a good thing because I proved to myself that I am capable of achieving goals that I strive for, through hard work of course. That season was by far the most rewarding season of my career. I felt so accomplished at the end of the season. Hard work always pays off.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了青少年时代的作者在学业和体育等方面都很困难。雪上加霜的是在一-次网球比赛中他的背部受了伤，医生的诊断使他十分郁闷，但参赛的强烈欲望迫使他不断地进行康复训练而回到赛场。经过艰苦的努力最终取得回报的故事。
【详解】段落续写：
①根据续文第一段首句“在我的骨科医生告诉我“一切都好”之后，我就要开始训练了”可知本段可描写作者回到球场去训练，通过训练恢复到了受伤前的体质等。
②根据第二段首句“我的努力训练证明非常有效”可知本段可描写作者可描写作者的努力训练有什么样的好结果以及自己的感受。
续写线索：球场训练——增强体力——艰苦努力——得到回报
词汇激活
行为类
①下定决心：be determined to/make one’s mind to do
②增强体质：build up the strength/enhance physical fitness
③实现：achieve/realize
情绪类
①渴望：hunger for/aspiration
②有成就的：accomplished/achieved
【点睛】［高分句型1］Through practices, I would hit the gym and try to build up the strength that I had before the injury.（运用了限制性定语从句）
［高分句型2］Although I truly wanted to win, I knew that it was a great accomplishment for me to be in that position even not in the first place.（运用了although引导让步状语从句和that引导宾语从句）
［高分句型3］The injury was almost a good thing because I proved to myself that I am capable of achieving goals that I strive for, through hard work of course.（运用了because引导原因状语从句，that引导宾语从句和that引导限制性定语从句）。