2024届高考英语复习语法专题4第2讲定语从句学案
展开第2讲 定语从句
考点1 关系代词引导的定语从句
1．关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 | 先行词 | 在从句中的作用 |
who | 人 | 主语、宾语 |
whom | 人 | 宾语 |
which | 物 | 主语、宾语 |
that | 人或物 | 主语、宾语、表语 |
whose | 人或物 | 定语 |
as | 人或物 | 主语、宾语、表语 |
The air that we breathe in is getting fresher and fresher．
我们吸进的空气变得越来越新鲜。
His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week．
他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。
2．that和which的用法区别
只用that 的情况 | 先行词是all, few, little, much, anything, nothing等不定代词时 |
先行词被the only, the very, the same, all等修饰时 | |
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 | |
先行词既有人又有物时 | |
只用which 的情况 | 引导非限制性定语从句时 |
关系代词指物，且前有介词时 |
The result was not the same as they had expected, which was rather disappointing．
结果与他们预期的不一样，这让人觉得很失望。
3．as和which的区别
as | as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see, know, expect, say, mention, report等 |
which | which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 |
“You can't judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes．
正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相。”
as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such, so, as或the same等修饰，且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。
考点2 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词 | 先行词 | 在从句 中的作用 |
when | 时间名词 | 时间状语 |
where | 地点名词或抽象名词 (situation, point, activity, case, stage等) | 地点状语 |
why | the reason | 原因状语 |
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better．
我们将把公园野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。
Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday?
你知道他昨天没有参加会议的原因吗？
考点3 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon/on which school education depends．
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill．
在9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。
Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved．
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。
3．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。
The newly-built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work．
这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
【技巧点拨】
1．确定是定语从句
设空处无提示词；空前的主句完整，空后的句子不完整；且对设空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句关系词。
2．掌握“3步法”解题技巧
(1)分清限制与非限制。
在先行词的后面出现逗号的，是非限制性定语从句。
(2)寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表示时间、地点还是原因)。
(3)判断所缺成分，确定关系词。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area．
2．(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1，100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, who lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces．
3．(2022·北京卷)That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of which are only good for one use．
4．(2021·浙江卷1月)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool that/which gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight．
5．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike．
Ⅱ．语法填空
(2023·镇江模拟)The 2022 “Focus on Zhejiang” International Cultural Exchange Activity was launched at Deqing World Geographic Information Town, in Huzhou City, East China's Zhejiang Province on Friday．
A folk music piece 1．titled (title) Picturesque Zhejiang raised the curtains to the opening ceremony of this event, featuring typical elements of Zhejiang, such as silk，tea, bamboo, and poetry．At the opening ceremony, the 2008 Nobel Prize winner for literature French writer Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio, 2．who had once visited Hangzhou, made an 3．appearance (appear) through a video．He recited Chinese ancient poet Li Bai's poem Southern Maiden 4．in French and 5．expressed (express) his eagerness to travel to China．This year's event will be more diverse than 6．that of last year and it is scheduled to last until the end of the year, according to the organiser．
The “Asian Games International Class” was specially set up for foreign friends living in Zhejiang 7．to welcome (welcome) the 19th Asian Games, which introduced the cultural and tourism resources of Zhejiang．Led by sports stars and foreign Internet celebrities, the class presented various 8．achievements (achieve) of the construction of beautiful homes in Zhejiang and common prosperity．
“Focus on Zhejiang” International Cultural Exchange Activity, 9．jointly (joint) sponsored by Information Office of Zhejiang Provincial Government and Zhejiang Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, 10．has been held (hold) consistently for three years．
Ⅲ．写作运用
根据汉语提示补全下面写作，注意定语从句的运用。
Dear Chris，
I know that you want to participate in our Chinese club in our school, 1．which needs to show talents (这个俱乐部需要展示才艺) with characteristics．And I am writing to advise you to take up a cooking course full of the Chinese taste, 2．which can arouse Chinese people's great awareness to Chinese food (这可以唤起中国人对中国食物的强烈意识)．3．As we all know (众所周知), we Chinese people attach great importance to eating．If you can introduce a dish, I believe they can be attracted a lot．Moreover, learning to cook is 4．an amazing thing that/which is for all of us (对我们所有人来说是一件了不起的事)．
Best wishes to you! I hope you will make it．
Yours，
Li Hua
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