高考英语真题分项汇编（全国通用）五年（2019-2023）专题18 完形填空说明文、议论文

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五年（2019-2023）年高考英语真题分项汇编
专题18 完形填空说明文、议论文（原卷版）
〖2023年高考真题题组〗
〖2022年高考真题题组〗
【2022▪全国乙卷】
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about 41 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 .
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 45 research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 . We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same 50 happened when the adult covered her own mouth: 51 children said that they couldn’t 52 to her.
A number of 53 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 54 the questions and knew 55 what was asked of them. Their 56 to the questions reflected their true 57 that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply 58 mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our 59 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 60 when others use it.
41. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing
42. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick
43. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced
44. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted
45. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired
46. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested
47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor
48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears
49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
50. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident
51. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once
52. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave
53. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions
54. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored
55. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly
56. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity
57. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose
58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
59. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings
60. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective
【2022▪浙江6月卷】
Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they 36 it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He throws his arms and legs out 37 he were flying, his eyes wide with 38 . His trust in me is 39 which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of 40 .
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets 41 , it will need more effort and sound judgment 42 . Trust is such an important part of a 43 relationship that it’s something that can’t 44 to lose. Every time I 45 Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels 46 in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt. 47 , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to 48 that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
49 in the workplace, trust is important for strong 50 . It is something that every manager should work hard to 51 among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to 52 your directions and willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A 53 of trust can make people work against you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be 54 you their best. Good 55 , like good parenting, is a long-term commitment.
36. A. deserve B. miss C. love D. know
37. A. as if B. in case C. even though D. so that
38. A. fear B. excitement C. doubt D. astonishment
39. A. reasonable B. limited C. absolute D. important
40. A. relief B. satisfaction C. achievement D. responsibility
41. A. older B. busier C. quieter D. healthier
42. A. on my behalf B. on my part C. in my honor D. in my name
43. A. long-distance B. high-risk C. parent-child D. teacher-student
44. A. afford B. choose C. wait D. expect
45. A. attach B. compare C. adjust D. introduce
46. A. safe B. happy C. proud D. grateful
47. A. Above all B. In addition C. At first D. For example
48. A. admit B. believe C. suggest D. imagine
49. A. However B. Therefore C. Similarly D. Fortunately
50. A. affection B. determination C. friendship D. leadership
51. A. assess B. organize C. develop D. understand
52. A. repeat B. follow C. change D. forget
53. A. gesture B. measure C. bond D. lack
54. A. telling B. giving C. selling D. sending
55. A. management B. personality C. communication D. education

〖2021年高考真题题组〗
【2021▪天津卷】
For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got ____16____ when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his ____17____ took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy ____18____.
For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was ____19____ his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the ____20____ of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed ____21____ to get to work?
With that thought in mind, Pruitt ____22____ a plan and posted it on the community website. He ____23____ to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again ____24____. And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the ____25____ to buy one.
The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty ____26____ bicycles. Then came more than 500 ____27____ for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be ____28____ to their owners.
Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are ____29____ struggling. ____30____ simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.
In addition to ____31____ skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community. ____32____, the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.
"It's a really great ____33____ for kids,“ said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is certainly providing a ____34____, but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the ____35____ that he can make on people."
16. A. amazed B. mad C. curious D. frightened
17. A. emotions B. career C. opinions D. route
18. A. ever B. together C. instead D. yet
19. A. ride B. lock C. repair D. replace
20. A. lack B. variety C. increase D. quality
21. A. instruction B. qualification C. transportation D. permission
22. A. came up with B. stuck to C. gave up D. broke away from
23. A. remembered B. refused C. hesitated D. offered
24. A. by accident B. in advance C. for free D. on credit
25. A. profit B. budget C. courage D. excuse
26. A. shared B. used C. expensive D. modern
27. A. enquiries B. advertisements C. notices D. announcements
28. A. exported B. sold C. lent D. returned
29. A. hardly B. slightly C. truly D. instantly
30. A. Without B. Beyond C. Upon D. Among
31. A. practical B. commercial C. mathematical D. social
32. A. Otherwise B. However C. Somehow D. Meanwhile
33. A. promise B. celebration C. comfort D. experience
34. A. competition B. service C. ceremony D. suggestion
35. A. compromise B. impression C. impact D. progress

〖2020年高考真题题组〗
【2018▪浙江卷】
We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it 36 to have too much time?
I 37 back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also 38 a team sport. By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it 39 .
When I got into college, things 40 . I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time. Because of all this 41 time, there was no sense of 42 to do my school work immediately. I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a 43 . Once that happened, I just kept 44 my studying further and further back in my day. Then I got to the point where I was 45 really late at night to get my work done.
One day I 46 a former classmate of mine who was 47 a lot of money running a sideline (副业). Since his regular job was 48 , I asked him why he just didn’t do his sideline full-time. He said without the job, he would 49 have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50 . He said that if he 51 the job, he would lose his 52 to work and succeed.
So, try 53 your time with other work. This is why there is a 54 that if you want something done, ask a 55 person to do it.
36. A. true B. fair C. strange D. possible
37. A. remember B. admit C. understand D. expect
38. A. watched B. loved C. coached D. played
39. A. at last B. right away C. of course D. as usual
40. A. happened B. repeated C. changed D. mattered
41. A. extra B. difficult C. valuable D. limited
42. A. duty B. achievement C. urgency D. direction
43. A. burden B. relief C. risk D. habit
44. A. pushing B. taking C. setting D. calling
45. A. hanging out B. staying up C. jogging round D. showing off
46. A. met B. helped C. treated D. hired
47. A. raising B. wasting C. demanding D. making
48. A. safe B. important C. boring D. rewarding
49. A. luckily B. hardly C. hopefully D. simply
50. A. childhood B. college C. town D. business
51. A. quit B. found C. accepted D. kept
52. A. heart B. chance C. drive D. way
53. A. saving B. filling up C. giving up D. trading
54. A. message B. story C. saying D. fact
55. A. careful B. busy C. reliable D. kind
〖2019年以前高考真题题组〗
【2015·广东卷】
How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 56 to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live — if he or she is 57 healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 58 . They wear out, and as a result, we get old and 59 die.
Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a 60 life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span(寿命)was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!
When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the 61 line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental 62 until after age 75.
People are living longer because more people 63 childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood 64 . Now that the chances of dying 65 are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.
On the whole, our population is getting older. The 66 in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see 67 , not disaster. Today, many men and women in their "golden years" are healthy, still active, and young in 68 if not in age.
As our society grows old, we need the 69 of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to 70 active and be devoted.
56．A．designed B．selected C．improved D．discovered
57．A．completely B．generally C．apparently D．extremely
58．A．rapidly B．harmlessly C．endlessly D．separately
59．A．eventually B．hopelessly C．automatically D．desperately
60．A．busier B．longer C．richer D．happier
61．A．finishing B．guiding C．waiting D．dividing
62．A．stress B．damage C．decline D．failure
63．A．survive B．enjoy C．remember D．value
64．A．problems B．fears C．worries D．diseases
65．A．poor B．young C．sick D．quiet
66．A．changes B．recovery C．safety D．increases
67．A．dreams B．chances C．strengths D．choices
68．A．mind B．appearance C．voice D．movement
69．A．protection B．suggestions C．contributions D．permission
70．A．sound B．appear C．turn D．stay

【2013·广东卷】
Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 21 , in number. Human beings are born with this ability. 22 , experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not 23 However, if you remove two, the bird 24 leaves. This means that the bird knows the 25 between two and three.
Another interesting experiment showed a bird's 26 number sense. A man was trying to take a photo of a crow(乌鸦)that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not 27 until the man left the tower. The man had an 28 . He took another man with him to the tower. One man left and the other stayed, but they did not 29 the bird. The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was 30 with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were 31 . It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were 32 able to fool the crow.
How good is a human's number sense? It's not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a 33 group. But when the number goes beyond three or four, the children are 34 fooled.
It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our human 35 is not much better than a crow's.
21．A．rise B．pattern C．change D．trend
22．A．Importantly B．Surprisingly C．Disappointedly D．Fortunately
23．A．survive B．care C．hatch D．notice
24．A．generally B．sincerely C．casually D．deliberately
25．A．distance B．range C．different D．interval
26．A．amazing B．annoying C．satisfying D．disturbing
27．A．relax B．recover C．react D．return
28．A．appointment B．excuse C．idea D．explanation
29．A．fool B．hurt C．catch D．kill
30．A．reported B．repeated C．designed D．approved
31．A．confused B．gone C．tired D．drunk
32．A．gradually B．luckily C．strangely D．finally
33．A．single B．small C．local D．new
34．A．seldom B．temporarily C．merely D．often
35．A．sight B．nature C．ability D．belief
【2010·安徽卷】
Most people give little thought to the pens they write with, especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very 36 things are handwritten. All too often, people buy a pen based only on 37 , and wonder why they are not satisfied 38 they begin to use it. However, buying a pen that you’ll enjoy is not 39 if you keep the following in mind.
    First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be 40 to use. The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic (特征) 41 comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a 42 hand and thicker fingers you may 43 a fatter pen. The length of a pen can 44 influence comfort. A pen that is too 45 can easily feeltop heavy and unstable.
    Then, the writing point of the pen should 46 the ink to flow evenly(均匀的) while that pen remains in touch with the paper. 47 will make it possibly for you to create a 48 line of writing. The point should also be sensitive enough to 49 ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not block the 50 may leave drops of ink, 51 you pick the pen up and put it down again.
52 , the pen should make a thick, dark line. Fine line pens may 53 bad handwriting, but fine, delicate lines do not command 54 next to printed text, as, 55 , a signature on a printed letter. A broader line, on the other hand, gives an impression of confidence and authority (权威)。
36．A．many B．few C．pleasant D．important
37．A．looks B．reason C．value D．advantages
38．A．once B．if C．because D．though
39．A．convenient B．practical C．strange D．difficult
40．A．heavy B．easy C．hard D．safe
41．A．taking B．finding C．determining D．seeking
42．A．strong B．weaker C．smaller D．larger
43．A．prefer B．recommend C．prepare D．demand
44．A．hardly B．also C．never D．still
45．A．thick B．light C．long D．soft
46．A．change B．allow C．reduce D．press
47．A．they B．one C．this D．some
48．A．thin B．rough C．black D．smooth
49．A．prevent B．free C．protect D．remove
50．A．way B．sight C．flow D．stream
51．A．so B．as C．and D．yet
52．A．Meanwhile B．Generally C．Afterwards D．Finally
53．A．show up B．differ from C．break down D．compensate for
54．A．attention B．support C．respect D．admission
55．A．at most B．for example C．in brief D．on purpose
【2009·江苏·高考真题】
The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community. As a result, all students must 1 sixty hours of service learning, 2 they will not receive a diploma. Service learning is academic learning that also helps the community. 3 of service learning include cleaning up a polluted river, working in a soup kitchen, or tutoring a student. 4 a service experience, students must keep a journal and then write a 5 about what they have learned.
Supporters claim that there are many 6 of service learning. Perhaps most importantly, students are forced to think 7 their own interests and become 8 of the needs of others. Students are also able to learn real­life skills that 9 responsibility, problem­solving, and working as part of a team. 10 students can explore possible careers 11 service learning. For example, if a student wonders what teaching is like, he or she can choose to work in an elementary school classroom a few afternoons each month.
12 there are many benefits, opponents 13 problems with the new requirement. First, they 14 that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills. Because service learning is time­consuming, students spend 15 time studying the core subjects. Second, they believe that forcing students to work without 16 goes against the law. By requiring service, the school takes away an individual’s freedom to choose.
In my view, service learning is a great way to 17 to the community, learn new skills, and explore different careers. 18 , I don’t believe you should force people to help others — the 19 to help must come from the heart. I think the best 20 is one that gives students choices: a student should be able to choose sixty hours of independent study or sixty hours of service. Choice encourages both freedom and responsibility and as young adults, we must learn to handle both wisely.
1．A．spend B．gain C．complete D．save
2．A．and B．or C．but D．for
3．A．Subjects B．Ideas C．Procedures D．Examples
4．A．With B．Before C．During D．After
5．A．diary B．report C．note D．notice
6．A．courses B．benefits C．challenges D．features
7．A．beyond B．about C．over D．in
8．A．careful B．proud C．tired D．aware
9．A．possess B．apply C．include D．develop
10．A．Gradually B．Finally C．Luckily D．Hopefully
11．A．through B．across C．of D．on
12．A．So B．Thus C．Since D．While
13．A．deal with B．look into C．point out D．take down
14．A．argue B．doubt C．overlook D．admit
15．A．much B．full C．less D．more
16．A．cost B．pay C．care D．praise
17．A．contribute B．appeal C．attend D．belong
18．A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．Besides D．However
19．A．courage B．desire C．emotion D．spirit
20．A．decision B．purpose C．solution D．result

【2015·安徽卷】
In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 71 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 72 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.
How did we 73 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 74 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 75 modern manufacturing (制造业)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 76 .
Another cause is our 77 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 78 people, we are always looking for 79 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 80 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also 81 to the problem. We are 82 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 83 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 84 useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the 85 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 86 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 87 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 88 , this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 89 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 90 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
71．A．key B．reason C．project D．problem
72．A．gifts B．rubbish C．debt D．products
73．A．face B．become C．observe D．change
74．A．hide B．control C．replace D．withdraw
75．A．Thanks to B．As to C．Except for D．Regardless of
76．A．safe B．funny C．cheap D．powerful
77．A．love B．lack C．prevention D．division
78．A．sensitive B．kind C．brave D．busy
79．A．ways B．places C．jobs D．friends
80．A．donate B．receive C．produce D．preserve
81．A．adapts B．returns C．responds D．contributes
82．A．tired of B．addicted to C．worried about D．ashamed for
83．A．newer B．stronger C．higher D．larger
84．A．pick up B．pay for C．hold onto D．throw away
85．A．advantages B．purposes C．functions D．consequences
86．A．show B．record C．decrease D．measure
87．A．technology B．environment C．consumers D．brands
88．A．However B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．Meanwhile
89．A．by B．in favour of C．after D．instead of
90．A．spending B．collecting C．repairing D．advertising