【备战2024年高考】英语 （全国通用版）02 解读真题命题之道，妙招七选五满分拿试卷

这是一份【备战2024年高考】英语 （全国通用版）02 解读真题命题之道，妙招七选五满分拿试卷，共11页。试卷主要包含了文章体裁，短文长度，考点设置，D本段主要介绍无形的遗产等内容，欢迎下载使用。

解读真题命题之道，妙招七选五满分拿

2020-2022年高考英语七选五考情分析
试卷
年代
主题语境
文章话题
体裁
词数
设空位置
标题
段首
段中
段尾
新高考全国I
2022
人与自我
寻找健身搭档
说明文
311
0
0
4
1
2021
人与自我
体验巴黎生活
记叙文
333
0
1
4
0
2020
人与社会
如何成为优秀演讲者
说明文
297
0
1
3
1
新高考全国II
2022
人与自我
写文章技巧
说明文
286
0
1
4
0
2021
人与自我
如何提高阅读速度
说明文
314
0
1
2
2
2020
人与自我
如何与医生高效交流
说明文
293
0
1
2
1
通过对近三年新高考全国卷阅读七选五试题的分析，我们可以发现阅读七选五有以下特点：
1.文章体裁：以说明文为主(近三年新高考全国卷中，除 2021新高考全国卷Ⅰ外，均采用了说明文)。
2.短文长度：阅读材料一般是一篇长度为300词左右的短文，其中正文240词左右，备选项60词左右，且选项按照由短到长的顺序依次排列。
3.考点设置：设空位置多集中在段中，主要考查上下文过渡句、细节句等；近年来小标题的考查没有涉及，但也不应忽略；关注小标题，多为祈使句。段首、段尾句主要考查主题句、过渡句或结论性语句。留意主旨句，句式应该相同；首段最后一句，总领起下文。

妙招1 “三步走”做到心中有数
第一步：速读文章，把握文章主旨，理清文章脉络
大标题
小标题
解题技巧
有
有
考生可以通过文章的大标题和文中的小标题快速把握文章主旨并理清文章的行文脉络。
无
有
考生可以通过文中的小标题快速把握文章主旨并理清文章的行文脉络。
有
无
考生可以通过大标题确定主旨，再通过速读其他段落首句确定文章脉络
无
无
通常首尾两段就能定中心，通过各段首句即可理清文章脉络。览选项，确定目标。确定文章主旨和行文脉络后，不要马上通读刘览七个选项。圈出选项中的关键词，并将这些关键词作为目标
第二步，浏览选项，确定目标。
确定文章主旨和行文脉络后，不要马上通读原文，而是要先浏览七个选项。圈出选项中的关键词，并将这些关键词作为目标记在脑中，再“以目标为导向”回头细读原文，这样会事半功倍。
第三步，细读文章，抓住关键。
重点阅读空处附近的句子，这些句子和空处之间存在紧密的逻辑关系，往往能提供重要线索。再结合选项圈定文中的线索词，匹配选项中的关键词。

妙招2 解题“三步骤” 从容不迫
一看位置。
设空位置通常有四种：设空处是小标题，设空在段首，设空在段中，设空在段尾。 补全首中尾，快解七选五。新高考全国卷阅读七选五对标题句的考查较少，对细节句的考查侧重上下文的衔接，做题时应关注空前空后关键句中的关键词和过渡衔接词汇。2021年和2022年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读七选五均考查了4个段中设空题，2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ和2022年新高考全国卷Ⅱ均考查了段首主题句和段中设空题，2022年新高考全国卷Ⅰ和2021年新高考全国卷Ⅱ均考查了段尾设空题。
◆例题（段首设空题）
(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读填句)
Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
　36　 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. Let your pen follow the waves of thought. Don't worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won't work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on. 
A.Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B.Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C.The second draft of the essay should be better.
D.First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E.Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F.Many beginning writers don't leave enough space to revise.
G.Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
分析：分析文章结构可知，空格处是本段的主题句。根据空后的“When you are first.. write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper.”可知，本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写。
答案：D
点拨：
设空在段首，如果设空处恰好处于段落主旨句的位置，则该处应为段落主旨句，然后根据本段内容做出选择。若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同，因此，考生在做题时，需观察其他段落小标题的句式结构，根据结构相同的原则，缩小范围，选择短小精悍、多为名词词组、动词-ing形式短语或祈使句作为小标题。
技巧：


◆例题（段中设空题）
(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读填句)
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect.　18　 Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway. 
A.Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B.Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C.The second draft of the essay should be better.
D.First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E.Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F.Many beginning writers don't leave enough space to revise.
G.Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
分析：空前面一句提到:下一个技巧是快速写草稿,不要担心是否完美。空后面一句“yet”提到:然而,通过学习与不完美共存,你将避免自己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的纸的废纸篓。E选项:太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好。与下文“by learning to live with imperfection”形成对比。
答案：E
点拨:
段中设空属于对主题句的展开。考生应尤其注意分析空格前后的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意各句间的衔接。段中设空的特点主要是以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充前文的具体事实、事例和说明。解答此类试题时考生首先应确定所缺的句子是细节句还是过渡句，对于这两类句子，应采用不同的方法来解题。
技巧:


◆例题（段尾设空题）
(2022·浙江6月高考)
I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. ____31____
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be. And when writing doesn’t seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be.
C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted.
E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
分析：根据空前“As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. (随着孩子们逐渐长大，他们会给圣诞老人一些提示，告诉他去哪里买礼物。)”可知，孩子们给圣诞老人提示去哪买礼物。空处和横线处为明显的因果关系。
答案：D
点拨：空格设在段尾，通常为结论，概括性语句。如果不是结论，概括性语句，那么就要考虑过渡句。通过空格把本段与下一段巧妙的连接起来。
解题技巧：


二定关系。
设空处是小标题时，空处总领全段；设空在段首时，要判断空处 1. 都是主旨句还是承上启下句；设空在段中时，要判断空处和上下句之间是什么逻辑 2.相关系，一般以因果关系、转折关系、并列或递进关系、解释例证关系居多；设空在段尾时，空处一般是总结上文的总结句或承上启下的过渡句。

三找对应。
依据空格处所在的位置以及与上下文之间的逻辑关系匹配选项。先确定有把握的选项，缩小筛选范围，把握不准的空再利用一些解题技法斟酌后判定。

妙招3 看文章结构
有的文章结构本身自带小标题，这样的文章一般会有一个空考查小标题。体现在选项中往往就是从两个祈使句的选项中选择一个。

妙招4看逻辑关系
文章的句与句、段与段之间都存在着一定的逻辑关系，抓住空处与前后句之间的逻辑关系是快速、准确解题的关键。文章中常见的逻辑关系有解释关系、例证关系、对比关系、并列关系、转折关系、因果关系等。

妙招5 看词汇复现
复现是为保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在上下文不同的位置重复提到同一个概念。词汇复现形式主要包括原词复现、同根词复现、同义词/近义词复现、反义词复现、同畴复现等。

妙招6 看代词指代
英语表达中代词出现的频率极高。代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的人、物或概念。在做七选五时提高对代词的敏感度，巧妙利用指代关系，根据代词的单复数差异可以准确快速地解题。it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；she或her指代上文提到的女性；this指代单数名词或句子；these 或those指代前句的复数名词。

实战应用
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “　36　” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition. 
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person.　37　 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner. 
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response.　38　 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym. 
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number.　39　 
You and your partner will probably have different skills.　40　Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other. 
A.Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B.A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C.You'll work harder if you train with someone else.
D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E.How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F.Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G.Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
读——先观大局，知其结构，明大意
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了找到一个好的健身伙伴的方法。
Para.1 介绍与伙伴一起健身的诸多好处
Para.2引出话题“如何才能找到一个好的健身伙伴”
Para.3决定想要从健身伙伴那里得到什么
Para.4对健身伙伴的位置要求
Para.5寻找健身伙伴的帖子内容
Para.6接受彼此之间的不同之处，学会合作
析——逻辑衔接，重连接词，识用途
寻——词汇线索，判断指代，找复现
36题运用妙招1和2本空是段中设题。本段第一句提到要感谢和你一起健身的伙伴的五个原因。第二句开头的“One reason was..”是一个原因，由设空前的“while another read”可知，此处应是在讲另外一个原因，选项需要与和你一起健身的伙伴有关。故选C。
37题 运用妙招4,5,和6 根据设空后的“Or do you just want to be…”，且为一般疑问句，说明此处与后句并列本空，也应为一般疑问句，是对本段首句的进一步解释。故选D。
38题运用妙招1，2，3和4 根据设空后的“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.”可知，此处应与一起健身的伙伴的位置有关。故选B
39题运用妙招5,6设空处所在段落第一句提到“notice”，第二句提到notice中的细节，而设空处位于段尾，故此处应总括前文或与前句并列。选项中的“notice”与前文呼应，且“such information”为前文中所提到的细节。故选G。
40题 运用妙招5,6 本段的段首句是 “You and your partner will probably have different skills.”,故后文的内容应该和“different skills”有关，F项“accept your difference”既指代前文的“You and your partner” ，又与“different skills”相关。故选F项。
代—回填答案，通读文章，复核正误

模拟精炼1
(2023山东济南期末检测) 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is heritage? The word can be difficult to define. Heritage is always something that is passed down by families or other groups for many years.____1____ It can also be the customs, traditions, and values shared by groups of people. One way to think about heritage is to break it down into three groups. These are the tangible(有形的), the natural, and the intangible.
____2____ It can include many human-made objects that hold cultural value. Some examples are national monuments and works of art. Many ancient sites are also part of this group. On a smaller scale, a family home can be part of an individual’s heritage.
Many parts of the natural world are also important to cultural heritage. This can include bodies of water, plant life, landforms and more. One example is the Nile River.____3____ Efforts to protect natural heritage are key in many cultures.
The intangible group includes any part of cultural heritage that you can’t feel through touch. Maybe you’ve read about forms of dance, like Flamenco dancing. You might know about the music of Mariachi Bands or holidays like Eid. These are all examples of intangible heritage. ____4____
Exploring your own heritage can be fun. It can help you learn about yourself, your family, and your ancestors. But it’s also important to learn about the heritage of others. ____5____ It can also lead you to find things you may have in common with others!
A. They are treasures that can be touched.
B. What tangible items can be part of heritage?
C. However, heritage isn’t limited to concrete objects.
D. Languages, holidays and customs also make the list.
E. Therefore, it’s difficult to protect them from fading away.
F. Doing so can help you build a stronger understanding of other cultures.
G. It has been part of cultural heritage in many African nations for centuries.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. G 4. D 5. F
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了遗产是由家庭或其他群体传承多年的东西。然而，遗产并不局限于具体的物品，它也是一群人共有的习俗、传统和价值观。
1.C根据下文“It can also be the customs, traditions, and values shared by groups of people. (它也可以是一群人共享的习俗、传统和价值观)”可知，此处应指遗产不局限于某种东西，与C项“However, heritage isn’t limited to concrete objects. (然而，遗产并不局限于具体的物品)”符合题意。故选C。
2.B 根据上文“These are the tangible(有形的), the natural, and the intangible. (遗产分为有形的、自然的、和无形的三种)”及空后“It can include many human-made objects that hold cultural value. (它可以包括许多具有文化价值的人造物。)”，再结合下文中列举的人造物品的例子，包括“national monuments and works of art”、“ancient sites”等；由此可知，本段主要讲述哪些是有形的遗产，B项“What tangible items can be part of heritage? (哪些有形物品可以成为遗产的一部分)”符合题意，故选B。
3.G本段主要介绍自然遗产。根据空前“One example is the Nile River. (尼罗河就是一个例子)”可知，空处应该会继续讲述与尼罗河有关的内容。G项“It has been part of cultural heritage in many African nations for centuries. (几个世纪以来，它一直是许多非洲国家文化遗产的一部分)”承接上文，符合题意。故选G。
4.D本段主要介绍无形的遗产。上文提到了舞蹈、音乐等无形的遗产，D项“Languages, holidays and customs also make the list. (语言、节日、习俗也榜上有名)”承接上文，介绍了其他的无形遗产，符合题意。故选D。
5.F根据上一句“But it’s also important to learn about the heritage of others. (但了解他人的遗产也很重要)”及下一句“It can also lead you to find things you may have in common with others! (它还可以引导您找到与他人可能有共同点的东西！)”可知，空出应该是介绍了解他人的遗产的好处，F项“Doing so can help you build a stronger understanding of other cultures. (这样做可以帮助您更深入地了解其他文化)”承上启下，符合题意。故选F。
模拟精炼2
（2023苏北四市第一次调研）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many people lead busy lives and think they barely have time to work out every day. ____1____ They are short workouts that often involve high-intensity(高强度的)exercises. Here we explore some reasons to do micro workouts.
Require Less of a Time Commitment
Committing to exercising for a certain amount of time per week can be difficult, especially when you do not have the time or motivation to work out for an extended period. Microworkouts are good alternatives. They take up only 10 to 30 minutes of your day. Many people spend much longer scrolling through social media each day. ____2____
Make Scheduling Workouts Easier
It can be challenging to commit the time needed to exercise every day,but it can also be hard to fit a workout into a tight schedule. However, a study suggests that it may be possible. ____3____ For example, walking your dog, using the stairs, parking farther away from adestination, or walking during your lunch break are all ways you can try.
Need No Equipment
Investing in expensive home gym equipment can be a real burden. When you decide to domicro workouts, though, you don’t need a bunch of equipment. ____4____ For example, you may choose to do steps on your stairs, run on the spot, or even do some star jumps. Since youcan choose what type of workout you’d prefer to do, it means that you can exercise wheneveryou please.
____5____ Now that you know all about micro workouts, you can add them to your day.Get as creative as you please and think about the types of movements that suit you. You neverknow-it might just boost your health and wellness.
A. Ready to get moving?
B. You just fit it into your routine.
C. Fitness should be simple and convenient.
D. So it should be a relatively easy time commitment.
E. If you feel this way, you may be interested in micro workouts.
F. Can micro workouts give the same benefits as longer workout sessions?
G. Instead,you can use things around your home to empower your workout.
【答案】1. E 2. D 3. B 4. G 5. A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微锻炼的一些相关知识。
1.E上文“Many people lead busy lives and think they barely have time to work out every day.(许多人过着忙碌的生活，认为自己每天几乎没有时间锻炼。)”提到了没时间锻炼这一问题，下文“They are short workouts that often involve high-intensity(高强度的)exercises.(它们是短时间的锻炼，通常包括高强度的锻炼。)”提到了短时间锻炼，选项E中上半句If you feel this way承接上文内，下半句中micro workouts是关键词，引起下文内容，所以E选项“如果你有这种感觉，你可能会对微锻炼感兴趣。”承上启下，符合题意。故选E项。
2.D上文“Microworkouts are good alternatives. They take up only 10 to 30 minutes of your day. Many people spend much longer scrolling through social media each day.(微锻炼是不错的选择。它们只占用你每天10到30分钟的时间。许多人每天花更长的时间浏览社交媒体。)”提到了微锻炼的时间问题和浏览社交媒体的问题，选项D中easy是关键词，与上文构成因果关系，所以D选项“所以这应该是一个相对容易的时间投入。”符合题意。故选D项。
3.B下文“For example, walking your dog, using the stairs, parking farther away from adestination, or walking during your lunch break are all ways you can try.(例如，遛狗，走楼梯，把车停在离目的地更远的地方，或者在午休时间散步，这些都是你可以尝试的方法。)”提到了一些日常生活中的锻炼，选项B中routine是关键词，概括了下文内容，所以B选项“你只是把它融入你的日常生活。”符合题意。故选B项。
4.G上文“When you decide to domicro workouts, though, you don’t need a bunch of equipment.(不过，当你决定固定健身时，你不需要一堆设备)”提到了健身时不需要一堆设备，选项G中Instead是关键词，与上文构成顺承关系，所以G选项“相反，你可以利用家里的东西来锻炼。”能承接上文，符合题意。故选G项。
5.A下文“Now that you know all about micro workouts, you can add them to your day.Get as creative as you please and think about the types of movements that suit you.(现在你知道了所有关于微锻炼的知识，你可以把它们添加到你的日常生活中。尽情发挥你的创造力，思考适合你的动作类型。)”提到了准备开始你的行动，所以A选项“准备好行动了吗？”能概括下文内容，符合题意。故选A项。