高考英语一轮复习（全国通用版） 主题词汇&阅读 专题22+公益事业与志愿服务-试卷

话题二十二 公益事业与志愿服务

第一部分 话题词汇积累

单词&短语

1.profit n._______________

2.giant n_______________.adj._______________

3.companion n._______________

4. habitat n._______________

5.volunteer n._______________

6. grave n._______________

7.grand adj._______________

8.grab v._______________

9. gossip n._______________

10.hammer n._______________  v._______________

11.hatch v._______________

12.harbo(u)r  n._______________

13.glow v._______________ n._______________

14.glare vi.&n._______________

15.glorious adj._______________

16.grain n._______________

17.gravity n._______________

18.gymnast n._______________

19.handkerchief n._______________

20.glance v._______________

21.greedy adj._______________

22._______________--_______________(过去式)--_______________(过去分词) v.成长；发育扩大；增加

23._______________adj.全球的，全世界的；整体的，全面的

24._______________n.政府；政体；统治方式

25._______________adv.逐渐地

26._______________n.&v.毕业生毕业；授予学位

27.________________v.抓紧，理解，掌控

28._______________adj.感激的，感谢的

29.________________v.保证；担保；确保n.保证书；保修单

30._______________n.指引，指导；咨询

31.________________adj.内疚的，有罪的，有过失的

32._______________v.处理，应付；搬动；控制n.把手

33._______________adj.慷慨的；宽厚的；丰富的

34._______________n.幸福感；快乐

35._______________n.艰难，困苦；拮据

36.________________adj.辛勤工作的

37._______________n.&v.收获；收割

38.移交；交出______________________________

39.仔细检查；温习______________________________

40.屈服；让步______________________________

41.克服(困难等)______________________________

42.开始认真做某事______________________________

43.have a gift for singing______________________________

44.分发；泄露；捐赠______________________________

45.经历；浏览；被通过______________________________

46.实现目标______________________________

47.对……有益______________________________

48.take...for granted_______________________________

49.向某人致以问候______________________________

50.站岗，值班______________________________

51.养成……的习惯______________________________

52.理发______________________________

53.on(the)one hand... On the other hand______________________________

54.坚持下去，(打电话)不挂断______________________________

55.某人碰巧做某事______________________________

56.对……满意______________________________

57.be hard on sb.______________________________

58.对某人有害______________________________

59.in/out of harmony with_______________________________

词汇拓展

1.glare v.怒目而视；发出刺眼的光n.刺眼的光；(长久的)怒视，瞪眼

Don't_______________at me like that,you deserved the scolding.

不要那么瞪着我，你本该受到训斥。

It was a few moments before his eyes became adjusted to the bright_______________of the sun.

过了一会儿，他的眼睛才适应了刺眼的阳光。

【辨析】

gaze,glare、stare与glance的区别

gaze:指出于羡慕、感兴趣、关心或惊异而长时间目不转睛地看。

glare:指用愤恨、凶狠或含敌意的眼光死死看着某人。

stare:侧重因惊奇、好奇、粗鲁无礼等而睁大眼睛看。

glance:指匆匆地或粗略地一看，侧重心不在焉地、匆忙地看一眼。

2.go through经历，经受(尤指苦难或艰难时期);翻阅；翻找；整理；通读；彻查；走(流程或固定程序);例行做……;(法律、协议等)被通过；(正式决定)被批准

【搭配】get through和go through表示“通过(某地、议案等);用完”时可互换使用。

go through经历，经受(坏事、苦差事);仔细检查(寻找);

get through度过(艰难或不愉快的一段时间);通过(考试、审查等);(用电话与某人)联系上；完成(任务、工作等)

I_______________my homework to make sure that nothing had been missed.

我将作业检查了一遍，以确定什么都没有漏掉。

We can't really imagine what they're_______________我们真的无法想象他们现在所经受的痛苦。

David _______________his pockets looking for the keys.

大卫翻遍了他的衣兜找钥匙。

Let's_______________the argument again.

让我们再来讨论一下这一论点。

The new law did not_______________新法案未能通过。

He_______________the driving test and bought a new last year.

去年他通过了驾驶测试，并购买了一辆新车。

【联想】“动词+through”的短语

see through识破

pull through渡过危机；康复

look through翻阅；看一遍；仔细检查

put through接通电话

check through核对

run through跑着穿过；挥霍

break through攻破；突围

come through经历；安然度过；获得成功

think through充分考虑；想明白

bring through治愈；挽救；渡过困难

活学活用

一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.A old man glared_______________me when I tried to go through the grass.

2. Electricity lines to 30,000 homes were_______________(gradual)being restored yesterday.

3.Though they_______________(graduate)from the university ten years ago, all the classmates try to keep up with one another.

4. He_______________(have)a gift for languages—he speaks about five fluently.

5.We guarantee_______________(refund) your money if you are not delighted with your purchase.

二、翻译句子

1.他来看我，偏偏我不在家。(happen)

_________________________________________________________________

2.如果你还保持沉默，我就当作你是暗示同意了。(take... for granted)

_________________________________________________________________

3.一方面，我们必须努力工作，另一方面，我们应该知道如何休息。(on the other hand)

_________________________________________________________________

4.吃早餐对我们的健康有益处。(do good to)

_________________________________________________________________

答案：1.收益；利润 2.n.巨人；伟人adj.巨大的 3.同伴；伙伴4.栖息地 5.志愿者 6.坟墓 7.盛大的；华丽的8.抓紧；抓住 9.闲话；流言 10.n.锤子v.锤击 11.孵出12.海港，港口 13.v.发光；发热n.光辉；红晕 14.怒目而视；发射强光 15.光荣的，壮丽的，极好的 16.谷物，谷粒 17.重力，地心引力；严重/肃 18.体操运动员19.手帕 20.一瞥，扫视 21.贪食的，贪婪的 22.grow;grew;grown 23.global 24.government 25.gradually26.graduate 27.grasp 28.grateful 29.guarantee30.guidance 31.guilty 32.handle 33.generous34.happiness 35.hardship 36.hardworking 37.harvest38.hand over 39.go over 40.give in 41.get over42.get down to doing sth. 43.有歌唱的天赋 44.give a way 45.go through 46.achieve/attain/reach one's goal47.do good to 48.认为……是理所当然的 49.offer greetings to sb. 50.on guard 51.form/develop/have thehabit of 52.have one's hair cut 53.一方面……另一方面54.hang/hold on 55.sb. happens to do sth.56.be hap-py with/about 57.对……苛刻 58.do harm to sb./do sb. harm 59.与……协调/不协调

词汇拓展

1.glare;glare

2.went through;going through;went through;go through;go through/get through; went through

活学活用

一、1.at 2.gradually 3.graduated 4.has 5. to refund

二、1.I happened to be out when he came to visit me.

2.If you still keep silent,I will take it for granted that you imply agreement.

3.On the one hand, we must work hard;on the other hand,we should know how to relax.

4.Having breakfast does good to our health.

第二部分 话题阅读训练

（A）七选五

Good volunteers bring a lot of energy to the project. The efforts of volunteers prove invaluable for worthy causes such as helping the needy at soup kitchens or digging a well to provide an undeveloped village with fresh water. But there may be some volunteer who wanders around with his head buried in his smartphone, which is not much better than having no volunteers at all1．

Empathy

First and foremost, a volunteer should care about the people or animals-who need his help.

This means the volunteer looks past cultural, religious and social differences and is only concerned that his efforts are making a positive impact on the lives of others.2．Lending a hand at homeless shelter, for example, doesn't give a volunteer the right to discuss the situations of the people who need the shelter outside of the volunteer group.

Passion

Passion is an important quality that a good volunteer should possess.3． It's something he looks forward to doing, something he feels a need to do. His enthusiasm is so genuine that he tells other people about the work he does and encourages other people to get on board. A volunteer with this kind of passion can be a one-person advertising agency for a worthy cause.

Professionalism

4．He treats volunteering with the same level of professionalism that he does his job and he respects the rules that come with it. He does what he says he's going to do and fights through obstacles to make it happen. He also doesn't lower his level of quality output because he isn't being paid for it; he puts his best effort forward because his reward is the difference he's making.

Team Player

It's important for a volunteer to be a self-starter, but it's equally important for him to know how to work as part of a team.5．No matter what differences in personality, upbringing or outlook, everyone involved is in it for the same purpose: to help those who are unable to help themselves.

A．He must also respect the privacy of the people he helps.

B．He knows how to cooperate with other volunteers with passion.

C．What inspires someone to be a volunteer?

D．What qualities does a good volunteer need to possess?

E. Volunteering is still in great need even though more and more people take on board.

F. A good volunteer is reliable and dependable.

G. Volunteering for his favorite cause isn't just another way to spend a Saturday.

【答案】1．D2．A3．G4．F5．B

【解析】这篇文章是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了成为一名好的志愿者所需要拥有的品质。

1．根据空格后文的副标题 Empathy同情心， Passion激情，Professionalism专业， Team Player团队精神，可判断这是一个好的志愿者应该具有的几大品质， 与选项D. What qualities does good volunteer need to possess？(一个好的志愿者需要具备哪些素质?)相对应，可以引起下文。故选D。

2．根据空格后文例子“for example，doesn't give volunteer the right to discuss the situations of the people who need the shelter outside of the volunteer group.”（例如，没有赋予志愿者在志愿者团体之外讨论需要避难所的人的情况的权利)可见，志愿者在帮助他人的同时还必须尊重他帮助的人的隐私。选项A. He must also respect the privacy of the people he helps.（他也必须尊重他所帮助的人的隐私）符合题，故选A。

3．根据后文句子“It's something he looks forward to doing，something he feels a need to do”（应该是他期待做的，他觉得有必要做的）可见 ，志愿者工作是出于内心的喜欢，而不仅仅是消磨时间。选项G.Volunteering for his favorite cause isn’t just another way to spend Saturday.（为他最喜欢的事业做志愿者不仅仅是另一种度过周六的方式）符合题意。故选G。

4．根据后文“He treats volunteering with the same level of professionalism that he does his job. and he respects the rules that come with it”（他对待志愿工作的专业水平与他所做的工作是一样的。他也尊重随之而来的规则）可见，一个好的志愿者应该是可靠的，能把志愿者工作当成自己的工作来对待。选项F.A good volunteer is reliable and dependable.(一个好的志愿者是可靠的)符合语境。故选F。

5．根据副标题标题 Team Player（团队精神）可知，整段的主题有团队协作有关。选项B He knows how to cooperate with other volunteers with passions.（他知道如何与其他有激情的志愿者合作）符合本段主旨，故选B。

（B）语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

I've always loved the ocean. In the1． (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 2． (think)it is food.

I decided to do something 3． (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company4． used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.

One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）.  I found the contact information of the company5． emailed its president. I told him how 6． (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so7． (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.

I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to 8． (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company 9． (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over 10． plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.

【答案】1．seventh2．thinking3．to educate4．which/that5．and6．harmful7．excited8．was9．representative10．from

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋，减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。

1．考查序数词。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词，所以填seventh。

2．考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，____2____ (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。

3．考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，____3____ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。

4．考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， ____4____ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。

5．考查连词。句意：我找到了这家公司的联系方式，并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系，用and连接两个并列的谓语动词，所以填and。

6．考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词，所以填harmful。

7．考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。

8．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。

9．考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。

10．考查介词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth to sth从...到..., 所以填from。