【暑假提升】外研版2019英语高一（升高二）暑假选修1-第12讲 Unit6 词汇和语法填空 讲学案

第12讲 Unit 6 Nurturing nature

1. 提前预习新外研版选择必修一Unit6的词汇和阅读
2. 掌握高二阅读长难句分析方法和语法填空解题方法

一．重点词汇学习

1.steady adj.             

2.massive adj.              

3.delicate adj              

4.landmark n.              

5.splendid adj.              

6.antelope n.              

7. leisure            

8. wetland n.              

9.grassland n.              

10.radiate v.             

11.scenery n.             

12.motor-like             

13. wander            

14. plateau            

15.economy n.              

16 jungle             

17.disturb             

18.emission              

19.operator              

20.via             

21.candidate             

22. applicant n.              

23.advertise v.              

24.favour n.              

25.genuine             

26.salary n.              

27. negotiable             

28.preference n.              

29.qualify v.               

30.qualified adj.              

31. qualification              

32 waist n.              

重点词汇答案见教材词汇表

二．重点短语

1．reach out 伸出手去

2．catch one's eye 引起某人的注意

3．at one's leisure 空闲时

4．bring...to life 使……有趣，使……生动

5．use up 用光，用完

6．under threat 受到威胁

7．become aware of 意识到

8．in addition to 除……之外(还有)

9．be made up of 由……组成

10．in harmony with 与……协调/和谐

11．in favour of 支持，赞同

考点1：wander v．徘徊；漫游；漂泊；流浪；走神

要点归纳

wander around/about  到处闲逛；流浪

wander back to  回想到

wander in  溜进

wander through  溜达着穿过

let one's mind wander  走神

例1．【单句填空】

(1)I have been wandering around/about for decades in Beijing.

(2)Seeing these vigorous youths, the old woman's thoughts wandered back to her youth.

(3)He wandered in to see me as if he had nothing to do.

补全句子

(4)It's easy to be distracted and let your mind wander.很容易走神分散了注意力。

考点2：disturb v．干扰，扰乱

要点归纳

(1)It disturbs sb to do sth.  做某事使某人不安。

(2)disturbed adj.  心神不安的；烦恼的

disturbing adj.  令人不安的；引起烦恼的

例2．【单句填空】

(1)Joe forced a smile, but underneath he was a little disturbed(disturb)．

(2)For most of us, it is a piece of disturbing(disturb) news.

(3)It disturbed her to realise(realise) that she was alone.

补全句子

(4)Please talk quietly in the reading room in order not to disturb others.

在阅览室里，请轻声说话，以免干扰他人。

考点3：operator n．经营者；操作人员，技工；电话员，接线员

要点归纳

(1)operate v.  经营；运转；操作；控制；(对……)动手术

operate on/upon...  给……做手术

(2)operation n.  手术；运转，运行；操作

put...into operation  投入使用；开始试行；投入运营

come/go into operation  开始工作，运转；生效

例3【单句填空】

(1)The operator(operate) has to be able to carry out routine maintenance of the machine.

(2)Having seen the X­ray, the doctor decided to operate on/upon the patient.

(3)It is time to put our plan into operation(operate)．

补全句子

(4)The new law will come/go into operation by midnight tomorrow.

新法律于明日午夜生效。

考点4：　favour n．支持，赞同；恩惠，帮助；善意的行为；偏爱，偏袒　v．支持；喜爱；偏袒

要点归纳

(1)ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb  请某人帮忙

do sb a favour＝give sb a hand  帮某人忙

in favour of  支持，赞同

in one's favour  有利于某人；对……有利

(2)favourite adj.  最喜欢的

n.  最喜欢的人或物

(3)favourable adj.  赞同的；有利的

例4【单句填空】

(1)I'm wondering if you could do me a favour by picking him up at the airport.

(2)People who are in favour of modern life may think it is rather dull to live in the countryside.

(3)Our products enjoy good fame at home and abroad, deeply favoured(favour) by customers.

(4)Tea is still one of the favourite(favour) drinks in the world.

补全句子/词汇升级

(5)I'm sorry to disturb you, but I have to ask a favour of you/ask you a favour(请你帮忙) in the hope that you could pick up my friend from the airport.

(6)(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)We sincerely hope you can help us and give us some guidance on how to adapt a story from our English textbook for a short play.

→We sincerely hope you can do us a favour/give us a hand and give us some guidance on how to adapt a story from our English textbook for a short play.

考点5：advertise v．(为……)做广告(宣传)；登广告；公布，征聘；展现，宣传

要点归纳

(1)advertise for  登广告征求……

(2)advertisement n.  广告；启事

put an advertisement in the newspaper  在报纸上发布广告

例5【单句填空】

单句语法填空

(1)You'd better advertise for a person to look after the garden while you are on holiday.

(2)I would like to apply for the position advertised(advertise) in yesterday's newspaper.

(3)It is an axiom in the business world that a satisfied customer is the best advertisement(advertise)．

写作链接　补全句子

(4)If you want to sell your house，why not put an advertisement in the local newspaper?

如果你想售房，为什么不在当地报纸上登个广告？

考点6：　negotiable adj.可协商的，可讨论的；可通行的；流通的；可兑现的；可转让的

要点归纳

(1)negotiate v.  谈判，磋商，协商；商议；达成(协议)

negotiate with sb for/about sth  和某人协商某事；就某事和某人谈判

(2)negotiation n.  (尤指商业或政治方面的)谈判，协商，磋商

under negotiation  在协商中

例6【单句填空】

(1)Parts of the road has been washed away by streams, so it is not negotiable　(negotiate) now.

(2)We have decided to negotiate with the employers about our wage claim.

(3)The negotiation(negotiate) broke down because one side refused to play the game.

补全句子

(4)We have decided to negotiate with the producer for/about the price of the products.

我们已经决定就产品的价格与生产商进行谈判。

考点7：qualification n．技能条件，资格

要点归纳

(1)qualify v.  取得资格；使合格；(使)有资格

qualify for  有……资格；取得……的参赛资格

qualify sb to do sth  使某人有资格做某事

(2) qualified adj.  有资格的，合格的；胜任的

例7【单句填空】

(1)Demand has far outstripped supply of qualified(qualify) teachers.

(2)Some nursing experience is a necessary qualification(qualify) for this job.

(3)He's been informed that he doesn't qualify for the scholarship because of his academic background.

补全句子

(4)The test qualifies you to drive heavy vehicles.

通过这一考试就有资格驾驶重型车辆。

（一）用所给词的适当形式填空

1．(2021·全国乙卷)We had a woman patient who was recovering from a knee replacement operation(operate)．

2．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)When he was 16, Molai began to notice something disturbing(disturb) happening around his home.

3．The company's exports have been increasing steadily(steady)．

4．(2019·江苏卷)Favourable(favour) policies are in effect to encourage employees' professional development.

5．This advertisement(advertise) is made more believable by using recommendations.

6．You help organise sports activities and other outdoor pursuits and you could end up with a qualification(qualify) as an instructor.

（二）固定用法和搭配

1．Don't worry if you use up shampoo—I'll get some tomorrow.

2．The painter's splendid skills in painting have brought his painting to life.

3．We ought to reach out to help those who are affected by the epidemic(流行病)．

4．These old men and women usually go to dance at their leisure.

5．Air pollution is what most people are concerned about nowadays, because their health is under threat.

语法填空解题技巧：

Wikipedia，the online encyclopedia(百科全书), is the largest encyclopedia ever. An encyclopedia is a collection of informative articles about____36____ (variety) things. Encyclopedias used to be printed____37____ books. Now,  they are mostly found online.

“Wiki” is an Internet term____38____ (mean) “a website that can be edited by the public”. It comes from “wikiwiki”, a Hawaiian word for “quick”. Two Americans, Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger, created Wikipedia in 2001. It is now the fifth-most____39____ (visit) website on the Internet. It has about 6 million articles in 300 languages and is visited by billions of people each day,______40______ want to find information on just about anything science, math, languages, art, culture, and company histories.

Wikipedia employs____41____ open editing model. Except for a small number of pages， anyone can edit articles， anonymously(匿名地) or with a user account. Editing is unpaid, although Wikipedia does employ a small staff. Wikipedia is ____42____ (free) available to anyone with an Internet connection.

However, critics have raised doubts about the accuracy and authority Wikipedia’s content since its editors are mostly amateurs rather than professionals. There is no doubt that many Wikipedia pages contain errors although the____43____ (organize) does attempt to solve problems with its content review system. However, several studies have concluded that Wikipedia is as accurate as most print encyclopedias. Indeed, a 2005 report in the journal Nature____44____ (find) it to be only slightly less reliable than Encyclopedia Britannica. It is true that Wikipedia faces challenges. It carries no ads and its funds come from donations. Perhaps more importantly, the number of its volunteer editors is shrinking.

Despite these____45____ (difficulty), Jimmy Wales says he will still stick to his aspiration—“to do something useful for the world”.

【答案】

36. various   

37. as   

38. meaning   

39. visited   

40. who   

41. an   

42. freely   

43. organization   

44. found   

45. difficulties

【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文介绍了维基百科的创办历程、现状以及面临的一些挑战。

【解析】

【36题详解】考查形容词。句意：百科全书是关于各种事物的翔实文章的集合。空处修饰名词things，应用形容词作定语，various各种各样的。故填various。

【37题详解】考查介词。句意：百科全书过去是以书籍的形式印刷的。结合句意可知，此处指“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。

【38题详解】考查现在分词。句意：Wiki是一个网络术语，意思是“公众可以编辑的网站”。动词mean和逻辑主语term之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作定语。故填meaning。

【39题详解】考查过去分词。句意：它现在是互联网上访问量第五大的网站。visit和名词website之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填visited。

【40题详解】考查定语从句。句意：它有300种语言的600万篇文章，每天有数十亿人访问它，他们想要找到关于任何科学、数学、语言、艺术、文化和公司历史的信息。分析句子可知，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是people，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who引导，故填who。

【41题详解】考查不定冠词。句意：维基百科采用开放编辑模式。model是可数名词，此处泛指“一个开放的编辑模式”，应用不定冠词，open是以元音音素开头，故填an。

【42题详解】考查副词。句意：只要能上网，任何人都可以免费使用维基百科。修饰形容词available应用副词，故填freely。

【43题详解】考查名词。句意：毫无疑问，许多维基百科页面包含错误，尽管该组织试图解决其内容审查系统的问题。分析句子及空前的the可知，空处应填名词作从句的主语，organization组织，根据助动词 does可知应用名词单数。故填organization。

【44题详解】考查一般过去时。句意：事实上，《自然》杂志2005年的一份报告发现，它的可靠性仅略低于大英百科全书。由a 2005 report可知，此处讲述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填found。

【45题详解】考查名词复数。句意：尽管困难重重，吉米·威尔士说他仍将坚持自己的愿望——“为世界做一些有用的事情。”此处应填名词作介词Despite的宾语，difficulty困难，是可数名词，由these可知应用复数形式。故填difficulties。

一．  默写下列核心词汇对应的词性转换。

1．steadily adv.平稳地→steady adj.平稳的

2．economy n．经济→economic adj.经济的，经济上的；合算的→economics n．经济学

3．disturb v．干扰，扰乱→disturbed adj.心神不安的；烦恼的→disturbing adj.令人不安的；引起烦恼的

4．operator n．经营者→operate v．经营；操作→operation n．手术；运转；操作

5．conservationist n．(动植物或古旧建筑的)保护工作者；环境保护主义者→conserve v．保护；保存→conservation n．保护；保持→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的

6．applicant n．申请人→apply v．申请；应用；实施→application n．应用；申请

7．favour n．支持，赞同→favourable adj.给人好印象的；赞同的，支持的；有利的→favourite adj.最喜欢的　n．最喜爱的人或事物

8．advertise v．(为……)做广告(宣传)；登广告→advertiser n．广告商→advertisement n．广告

9．negotiable adj.可协商的→negotiate v．谈判；商议→negotiation n．谈判

10．preference n．优先(权)；偏爱；喜爱→prefer v．更喜欢

11．qualification n．技能条件，资格→qualify v．取得资格；使合格；(使)有资格→qualified adj.有资格的；合格的；胜任的

二． 课文语法填空。

短文中的黑体部分为本单元知识点，请按要求补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分的用法。

An animal rights group needed some volunteers   1  (protect) Tibetan antelopes.Fortunately, I was able to become one of them! When my friend and I saw the job   2  (advertise) on the Internet, we were both   3  (excite), for both of us loved Tibetan antelopes and were   4   favour of the laws to protect the lovely animals.I used to be an operator in   5   large company.I had to wear special glasses to avoid radiation while   6  (work)．I was really tired of it.Luckily, my friend and I   7  (choose) from so many applicants.But the news really disturbed my parents at the time, because they were worried that I couldn't put up with the poor working conditions there.I had a talk with them and told them I had a   8  (prefer) for all kinds of challenges and I also had the qualification to do the job.At last，they had to give in.When my friend and I arrived there, a young leader greeted us   9  (warm)．We saw a splendid landmark as well as some Tibetan antelopes eating grass at their leisure.We were wandering on the massive grassland, enjoying the beautiful scenery.It hit me   10   I should be a conservationist to protect the delicate ecosystem.

1．to protect　2.advertised　3.excited　4.in　5.a

6．working　7.were chosen　8.preference　9.warmly

10．that

语法填空

The trade routes are of great importance. In march, the Suez Canal, one of the world's most important sea trade routes, ____41____ (block) by a ship, causing an epic maritime traffic jam of nearly 300 ships between Europe and Asia. Besides the Suez Canal, China's ancient Silk Road also played ____42____ important role in trade and cultural exchanges between China and Europe.

In early history, The Silk Road was the most important trade route, ____43____ (mark) the beginning of globalization. As the first route ____44____ introduced the Eastern world to the Western civilization, the Silk Road in China can date ____45____ the Han dynasty in ancient China. In the following years in history, many great figures had made significant ____46____ (contribute) to the development of the Silk Road.

Though the Silk Road was mainly a trading route, it was ____47____ (benefit) to each other in the first place. It ____48____ (actual) made great attraction to the development of the civilization of the world, opening long-distance political and economic communication between Europe and Asia. The ancient Silk Road is more like a historical textbook, enabling people from different cultures and regions ____49____ (comprehend) what happened during the ancient time. Up to now, the Silk Road in China _____50_____ (bring) great attraction to the tourism in China even in the world.

【答案】

41. was blocked   

42. an   

43. marking   

44. that   

45. from   

46. contributions   

47. beneficial   

48. actually   

49. to comprehend   

50. has brought

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国丝绸之路的历史以及其在中欧贸易和文化交流中发挥的重要作用。

【解析】

【41题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在三月，世界上最重要的海上贸易航线之一苏伊士运河被一艘船只封锁，导致欧洲和亚洲之间发生了近300艘船只的大规模海上交通堵塞。此处为谓语动词，由“In march”得知此处用过去时，而Suez Canal(名词单数)与谓语动词block之间是被动的关系，使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，谓语也用单数形式。故填was blocked。

【42题详解】考查冠词。句意：除了苏伊士运河，中国古代丝绸之路在中欧贸易和文化交流中也发挥了重要作用。固定搭配played an important role in...意为“在……中起了重要作用”。其中important为元音因素开头，前面应使用不定冠词an。故填an。

【43题详解】考查现在分词。句意：在早期历史上，丝绸之路是最重要的贸易通道，标志着全球化的开始。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语was且无连词，动词mark用非谓语形式，动词mark与逻辑主语The Silk Road构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填marking。

【44题详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国丝绸之路是中国古代将东方世界引入西方文明的第一条路，可以追溯到汉代。此处为定语从句修饰先行词route，且先行词（被序数词the first修饰）在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词that。故填that。

【45题详解】考查介词。句意：中国丝绸之路是中国古代将东方世界引入西方文明的第一条路，可以追溯到汉代。固定搭配date from意为“追溯到……”。故填from。

【46题详解】考查名词的数。句意：在随后的历史岁月中，许多伟大的人物为丝绸之路的发展做出了重要的贡献。make contributions to为固定搭配，意为“为……做出贡献”。形容词significant 修饰名词contributions作定语。故填contributions。

【47题详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然丝绸之路主要是一条贸易路线，但它首先是对彼此有利的。根据该空前的was可知，此空应用benefit的形容词形式，be beneficial to 意为“有利于”。故填beneficial。

【48题详解】考查副词。句意：它实际上对世界文明的发展产生了巨大的吸引力，开启了欧亚政治经济的远距离交流。分析句子可知，此处应该用副词修饰动词made。故填actually。

【49题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：古丝绸之路更像是一本历史教科书，让来自不同文化和地区的人们了解古代发生的事情。此处考察固定搭配enable sb. to do sth.(使某人能够做某事)，用动词不定式形式。故填to comprehend。

【50题详解】考查时态。句意：时至今日，中国的丝绸之路已经给中国乃至世界的旅游业带来了巨大的吸引力。分析句子可知，根据时间状语up to now，所以本句时态为现在完成时。主语the Silk Road为第三人称单数形式，其后谓语动词也应使用第三人称单数形式。故填has brought。