2022-2023学年人教版英语八年级下Unit1暑假复习知识点详解与训练

2022-2023学年人教版英语

八年级下Unit1暑假复习知识点详解与训练

一、知识点详解

Section A

1. —What’s the matter? —怎么啦?

—I have a cold. —我感冒。

1).询问病情和伤情的句子:

What’s the matter(with ...)?(……)怎么啦?

What’s wrong(with ...)?(……)怎么了?

What happened(to ...)?(……)发生什么事了?

注意：matter n.问题、麻烦、事件，通常与介词“with”连用。

wrong是形容词，前面没有“the”；matter和trouble都是名词，前面应有“the”，trouble前还可以用形容词性的物主代词。

例：What’s your trouble, young man?  年轻人，你怎么了?

2).表达病情的句子:

I have a stomachache / toothache / headache. 我胃痛 / 牙痛 / 头痛。

I have a sore back / throat. 我背痛 /嗓子痛。

I have a cold / fever. 我感冒 / 发烧。

I cough. 我咳嗽。

3).表达伤情的句子:

He hurt himself. 他受伤了。

I cut myself. 我割伤了自己。

She cut herself. 她受伤了。

4).治疗建议的表达:

lie down and rest躺下休息　see a dentist看牙医　go to a doctor 看医生

get an X-ray拍一张X片　take one’s temperature量体温

put some medicine on it在伤口上面涂一些药　get some rest休息一下

get some sleep睡觉休息一下　drink some hot tea with honey 喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶

2. have a sore throat.  喉咙痛。

1).have vt. 患(得)病 (不用于进行时态)

He had a bad cold last week. 他上周患了重感冒。

She often has a stomachache.   她常胃(肚子)疼。

注意：一般情况下用have＋a＋n. 表示患了某种疾病如：

have a cough 咳嗽       have a cold  感冒

2). sore“痛、疼”，通常指因发炎引起的肌肉疼，在表示身体的某部位疼痛时，常置于部位名词前。ache常指持续性的疼痛，它常与身体部位的名词构成复合词。如： headache头痛 backache背疼等。

3.have a cold

have a cold中的cold为名词，意为“受凉；感冒”，故have a cold意为“感冒；着凉”。 如：

My grandfather had a bad cold last month.

【链接】表示身体不舒服的相关短语还有：

have a fever (发烧)， have a stomachache (胃痛)，

have a cough (咳嗽)，  have a toothache (牙疼)，have a sore throat (嗓子疼)，

have a backache / sore back (背疼)等。

4.lie down and rest

lie down 躺下

例：Don’t lie down on the ground.  不要躺在地上。

与down有关的词组:

sit down   坐下

come down 下来

get down  下车

write down   写下，记下

5.hot tea with honey  加蜜热茶

1).hot  adj.   热的

2).with 介词, 意思是“ 有，用，同……，由于，和……一致，赞成，关于”，此句中是“有，带有……”的意思。

例：a coat with four pockets有四个口袋的外套

6. see a dentist and get an x- ray. 看牙医并且拍张x光。

1).see a dentist = go to a dentist看牙医

  see a doctor = go to a doctor 看医生

2).X-ray/'eks rei/n. X 射线；X光

例：You are ill. You had better see the doctor right now.

7. She talked too much yesterday and didn’t drink enough water.她昨天说话太多了并且没有喝足够的水。

1).too much 太多，后接不可数名词 

例：There is too much rain these days

2).enough 的用法

(1) adj.足够的，充分的 修饰名词时，可放在名词之前

例：I have enough time to do the work.

(2)  adv. “足够地， 十分，相当”,修饰adj./adv,放在adj./adv 后

例：The pen is expensive enough.

(3) be +adj. +enough to do sth  be strong enough to carry the box.

例：The boy isn’t old enough to dress himself.

8.What should I do? Should I take my temperature? 我该怎么办呢?我应该量体温吗?

1).should是情态动词,用以表示建议或纠正别人;其否定形式是shouldn’t。

例：You shouldn’t play in the street. 你不应该在街道上玩耍。

2).take one’s temperature 量(某人的)体温

例：If you are ill,you should take your temperature.

9.You need to take breaks away from the computer.你需要远离电脑好好休息一下了。

1).副词结构away from属于ー种固定搭配，其原始语义为“离开（某处）；与……（某处）有一定的距离”，与不同动词配合使用时，具体意思往往会受上下文的用词影响。

此处take breaks away from the computer即指“停止玩电脑进行休息；远离电脑进行休息”。

例：I will be away from school for a week. 我将离校一周。

例：They live away from us. 他们不和我们住在一起。

2).need v 需要,用作实义动词，常用作sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事

例：You need to drink more water.你需要多喝水。

3).take breaks是“休息”的意思,也可以说成have a break或have breaks。

例：I like to take breaks

10. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。

1).without doing sth.没做......

例：I do it without thinking.

2).in the same way 用同样的方式,

例：Now talk about yourself in the same way. 现在用同样的方式谈谈你自己。

11. At 9:00 a.m . yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. 昨天上午9:00 , 26路公共汽车正沿着中华路行驶，这时，司机看见一位老人躺在马路上。

1).see sb. do sth 看见某人做某事 （看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生）

see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 （强调动作正在发生）

例：I saw your English teacher come in the classroom just now. 刚才我看见你的英语老师走进了教室。(强调“我看见了”这个事实,我看见了全过程,强调过程。)

例：I saw some boys playing basketball when I came in. 当我进来时,我看见几个男孩正在打篮球。(强调“我看见他们正在打篮球”这个动作)

2).lie/lai/v. (lay/lei/ )躺 ；平躺,lie的现在分词是lying,过去式是lay。

例：He is lying on the beach.

12.The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus without thinking twice.公共汽车司机，24岁的王平，毫不犹豫的停下了车。

think twice 再三考虑;仔细考虑。

例：He told me to think twice before speaking. 他叫我三思后再发言。

13. He got off and asked the woman what happened. 他下车问那名妇女发生了什么事。

get off 下车  (反) get on 上车

例：Don’t forget to take your bag when you get off the bus.

14. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him.但令他吃惊的是，所有的乘客都同意和他一起去医院。

1).to one’s surprise 使人惊讶的是;出乎……的意料。

例：To my surprise,he failed in the exam. 使我感到惊奇的是,他考试没有及格。

2).agree 表示“同意,答应”。 agree with后面通常接人或所说的话,表示“同意某人的意见”;agree to后面通常接计划、提议、安排等,表示“同意某种计划和安排”。

例：I agree with them. 我同意他们的意见。

例：I agree to the plan. 我同意这个计划。

15. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers , the doctor saved the man in time.多亏了王先生和乘客的帮助， 医生及时挽救了那位老人的生命。

1).thanks to 这个短语表示原因，意为“由于”、“多亏”，to表示感谢的对象，thanks to为习语介词，thanks不可以改为thank you，to后也不接动词原形，

例：Thanks to the English language,we can learn a lot from other countries.

2).thanks for  ，意为“因……而感谢”，for强调为何而感谢，其后可接名词或v-ing

例：Thanks for your help.谢谢你的帮助。

例：Thanks for inviting us to your birthday party.谢谢你邀请我们参加你的生日聚会。 　

3).in time 及时,表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时间提前发生

例：The teacher came here in time.

Section B

1.Someone felt sick. 有人生病了。

1).feel sick 生病；不舒服

2).sick /ill 的区别：

(1) sick  adj.“生病的”，既可放be (系动词)后作表语，也可放n.前作定语。

例：He is a sick man.=He is sick.

(2) ill  adj.“生病的”，只能放be (系动词)后作表语，

例：He is ill in hospital 生病住院

2.As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks.作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。

1).as  prep，"作为"，"以……身份"。

例：As a teacher, Mr. Wang thinks it's very important to teach the students how to learn.

2).be used to (doing)习惯于（做）；适应于（做）

例：He is used to walking to school.他习惯步行上学。

3).take risks 冒险。

例：People like to take risks because they would like to relax themselves.人们喜欢冒险是因为想放松自己。

3.There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents.很多次阿伦因为出事故几乎丧命。

1).almost的用法:“几乎;差不多”的意思,可用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、名词等。但要注意:修饰动词时,通常应放在行为动词之前,be动词、助动词、情态动词之后;修饰形容词、副词、名词等时,通常应将其放在被修饰词语之前;almost可以与 no,none,nobody,nothing,never等表示否定意义的词连用;almost还可用在否定动词之前。如:

例：Almost all the guests are here. 差不多所有的客人都来了。

例：Dinner is almost ready. 饭差不多做好了。

例：I almost never see her. 我几乎从未见过她。

2).because of  介词短语,后接名词或/ving

(1) because of +n/ving /代词宾格(用于句中)

例：She’s worried because of her son.

(2) because conj +从句 （引导原因状语从句）

例：He didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill.[中国^*教育#出&@版网]

4.On April 26,2003, he found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing in Utah.2003年4月26日，阿伦在犹他州登山的时候，发现自己处于一个极其危险的状态。

1).situation意思是“状况,处境,局面,形势”,指各种具体情况综合起来的状态,多指危急或重大的事态,强调外部因素对该事态的影响,常用作单数形式。常构成短语:in a dangerous situation在危险的情况下;in a difficult situation 在困难的情况下

例：When you see a person in a dangerous situation,you should give a hand. 当你看到一个人处于危险当中,你应该伸出援助之手。

2).when climbing in Utah是时间状语从句,相当于when he was climbing in Utah。如果由when或while 引导的时间状语从句的时态是进行时态,且从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可变成“when /while + 现在分词短语”形式。

例：You should be careful when having an exam. 当你考试时,你应该要认真。

5.On that day, Aron’s arm was caught under a 360-kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himself in the mountains.那天，阿伦在独自登山的时候，他的手臂被掉在他身上的2000多斤的岩石压住了。

by oneself= alone = on one’s own  adj. 单独的，指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感情色彩。

例：He did the work all by himself.

6.But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 但是当他的水也用完的时候，他意识到他必须做些什么去挽救他自己的生命。

1).run out是不及物动词短语,表示“被用完;被耗尽”,其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命名词,

例：His money soon ran out.他的钱很快就花完了。

2).run out of则是及物动词短语,表示主动,主语只能是人。如:

例：If we run out of money,we can sell some of the old thing. 如果我们的钱用完了,可以卖掉一些旧东西。  

7.Then , with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood. 然后， 他用左手给自己绑上绷带， 以至于不流太多的血

1).so that 以便，为了  引导目的状语从句, 从句常出现情态动词may/ might .can/ could等，

 例：The boy spoke loudly so that everyone could hear him clearly.为了能赶上车，她起得很早。(目的状语从句)

8.This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of .它意思是“处于一个你似乎无法摆脱的困境中”。

1).此处mean 表示“……意思是；意为”，用来解释上句出现在书名中的习语的意思。

例：What do you mean?   你的意思是什么？

2).mean 还可以表示“意味着”的意思。

例：......before we have to make a decision that could mean life or death. 在我们不得不做出可能意味着生死的决定之前......

3).get out of 离开;从……出来。

例：The meeting was too long and he wanted to get out of it soon.会太长了,他想早点离开。

9.In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decision , and of being in control of one’s life. 在这本书里，阿伦讲述了好好做出决定以及掌握自己命运的重要性。

1).tell of “讲述”的意思,与tell about同义。如:

例：He is telling of the history of China. 他正在讲述中国的历史。

2).make a decision 做决定

例：The next morning Alice made a decision.She would tell her mother the truth.

3).be in control of 掌管；管理

例：My father is in control of this school. 我爸爸负责管理这所学校。

10.His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.

1).so...that... 表示“如此/这么……以致于……”，“ 常引导结果状语从句。其中so是副词，常可用来修饰形容词或副词。

例：He is so young that he can’t look after himself well.  他太小了而无法照顾好自己。

2).keep on doing sth表示“继续做某事,反复做某事”,强调时间的间隔性和动作的反复性,即某人做某事的决心,坚持做某事。

例：He kept on working until 12∶00 o’clock at night.他坚持工作,直到夜里12点钟。

11.Do we have the same spirit as Aron?我们有阿伦那种精神吗？

the same … as… 和......一样，相反的短语be different from 与......不同

例：My new mobile phone is different from Jennifer’s .

   例：My new mobile phone is the same as Jennifer’s .

12.Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today.

那次事故之后， 阿伦并没有放弃登山，他现在仍然继续登山。

give up 放弃

give up doing sth=stop doing sth 放弃做某事

例：— It's too hard for me to be a trailwalker.

— Never give up. Believe in yourself!

二、当堂训练

I.根据句意及首字母或汉语提示写单词。

1.The boy's ________ (脚) are very big. It's hard for him to buy shoes.

2.You should take ________ (休息) away from the television.

3.I have a ________ (牙痛) and can't eat anything.

4.The bus driver is friendly to his p________. They all like him.

5.To my s________，the little girl can read and write more than 1,000 words.

6.—Let's climb mountains on Sunday, shall we?

—OK, but I must ask my parents first，then I'll make a d________.

7.She ate too much just now and she has a ________ (胃疼) now.

8.My neck ________ (受伤) badly yesterday, but now I'm feeling better.

9.If you have a stomachache, you had better lie down and have a r________.

10.We need ten ________ (千克) of bananas for the party on Sunday.

II.用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.He can stay there for ten hours without ________ (move).

2.She was ill and had to ________ (go) to a doctor.[

3.You shouldn’t always think about ________ (you).

4.We expect ________ (visit) the Great Wall one day.

5.He told me ________ (not wait) for him.

6.They agreed ________ (help) each other.

7.We should give up bad ________ (habit).

8.It is ________ (importance) to study hard.

9.He can keep on ________ (swim) for two hours.

10.They don’t mind ________ (climb) the mountain.

III.单项选择。

1. I expected all of you ________ up ________ the other day.

A. give; rest                      B. to give; to rest   

C. to give; resting                D. giving; to rest

2. —Jim, please help ________ to some bread.

—Thank you. 

A. himself        B. yourself      C. herself        D. myself

3. Thanks________ Mr. Wang and passengers, the doctors saved the man____ time .

A. in , at         B. on, in         C. on, on        D. to, in

4. He was walking along the street ________a car hit him suddenly.

A. while         B. when         C. until         D. as soon as

5. We all have trouble ________the problem.

A. solve         B. to solve       C. solving       D. solved

6. When he saw the boy in the water, he jumped into the river without ________twice.

A. stop      B. think        C. stopping      D. thinking

7. She told a ________. That is, she ________to her teacher for her being late.

A. lie; lie       B. lied; lied       C. lie; lied      D. lied; lie

8. To look for his child, he risked ________the mountain at midnight.

A. climb       B. to climb        C. climbed       D. climbing

9. The ________ of the word “spirit” in Chinese is “勇气；意志”.

A. mean       B. means       C. meaning      D. meaningless

10. When she heard the news of her grandmother’s _________, she felt her heart break.

A. dead         B. die            C. dying          D. death

IV.根据汉语意思完成下列句子，每空一词。

1.你应该吃些蔬菜。

You ________ ________ some vegetables.

2.饭后你不应该躺在床上。

You ________ ________ ________ in bed after meals.

3.学生们上学不应该迟到。

The students ________ ________ late for school.

4.他可能在九点前到达那儿。

He ________ ________ there before nine o’clock.

5.他们现在可能在上海了。

They ________ ________ in Shanghai now

6.托尼在体育课上受伤了。

Tony ________ ________ in P.E class. 

7.他觉得头被打了一下。

He felt that someone ________ him ________ the head. 

答案

I.1.feet  2.rests  3.toothache  4.passengers  5.surprise

6.decision  7.stomachache  8.hurt  9.rest  10.kilos

II.1.moving  2.go  3.yourself  4.to visit  5.not to wait

6.to help  7.habits  8.important  9.swimming  10.climbing

III.1-5CBDBC  6-10DCDCD

IV.1.should eat  2.shouldn’t lie down  3.shouldn’t be  4.may arrive

5.may be  6.get hurt  7.hit on