精品解析：吉林省长春吉大附中实验学校2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷

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长春吉大附中实验学校2022级高一年级
英语学科期末考试
(时间：120分钟 满分：150分)
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2.选择题必须使用 2B 铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用 0.5 毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3.请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4.作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
5.保持卡面清洁，不得折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第I卷选择题部分(满分 85 分)
第一部分听力(共 20 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分)
第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完
每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. How will the woman get to her destination?
A. By train. B. By taxi. C. By bus.
2. What will the speakers do?
A. Watch a movie. B. Contact Adam. C. Look for Adam.
3. Where does the conversation take place?
A. On a bus. B. At a restaurant. C. In a classroom.
4. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. The woman’s roommate. B. The woman’s sister. C. The woman’s workmate.
5. What does the man suggest the women do next?
A. Pay the bill. B. Leave the store. C. Try on the jeans.
第二节(共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。
6. Why did Ms. Jones leave the office early?
A She wanted to avoid bad traffic.
B. She needed to attend a meeting.
C. She had to deal with emergencies.
7. What will the woman discuss with Ms. Jones?
A. A meeting. B. A talk. C. A report.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 10 题。
8. Why is the woman going to Chicago?
A. To take a vacation.
B. To visit her relatives.
C. To go on a business trip.
9. How long does the train trip take at least?
A. Two hours.
B. Six hours.
C. Sixteen hours.
10. What does the man think of taking the train?
A. It is time-wasting.
B. It is interesting.
C. It is frightening.
听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。
11. Which theater has a problem with the sound system?
A. Theater C.
B Theater B.
C. Theater A.
12. What will the man do next?
A. Sell tickets.
B. Replace the wires.
C. Screen the film.
13. What does the man ask the woman to do?
A. Change the schedule.
B. Speak to her manager.
C. Take over at the ticket office.
听第 9 段材料，回答第 14 至 16 题。
14. What does Kevin do?
A. A doctor.
B. A student.
C. A businessman.
15. How will the woman’s summer vacation be?
A. Busy.
B. Interesting.
C. Relaxing.
16. What does the man want to do during the summer vacation?
A. Take more classes.
B. Get a part-time job.
C. Have a rest.
听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。
17. What is the speaker’s opinion on her childhood life?
A. It was difficult.
B. It was dangerous.
C. It was better than it is now.
18. What did the speaker use to do during childhood?
A. She stayed indoors.
B. She played in the street.
C She looked after her house.
19. Why didn’t people use to lock their doors in the past?
A. There were hardly any thieves.
B. There weren’t valuable things to steal.
C. There were always people who watch over their homes.
20. What was the best thing in the past according to the speaker?
A. Life was slower and simpler.
B. There were fewer traffic jams.
C. People spent more time together.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Football: Designing the Beautiful Game
Whether you are a crazy fan or sideline supporter, visitors to this exhibition will enjoy discovering the remarkable design stories behind the world’s beautiful game.
What to expect
The exhibition explores the story behind football, showing how design has been used to push the game to new limits. Take a journey through over 500 objects, films and interviews in sporting performance, equipment development and stadium design, and involve yourself in the stories of clubs and game legends including Messi, Pelé, George Best and Diego Maradona.
Held by the Design Museum and the National Football Museum in Manchester, the show displays the master planning of the world’s most significant football stadiums, the design innovation used in today’s equipment, how the graphic design of team badges (徽章) and posters shapes a club’s identity and how grassroots’ efforts are pushing the sport’s commercialization.
As the world’s most popular sport, football has a truly international committed fan base. It is estimated that more than half the population of the planet watched the FIFA World Cup in 2022. Join us for a rare insight into the people and processes that have made football what it is today.
Ticket information
※ Online booking is advised but tickets will also be available in the booking office. Last entry to the exhibition is 90 minutes before the museum closes.
※ Adult tickets are charged from £ 16 and student tickets from £ 12. Meanwhile, you can save 25% on family and group tickets.
※ Present your exhibition entry ticket for 10% off food and drink at London Grade Coffee on the ground floor.
1. What can visitors do at the exhibition?
A. Interview master designers.
B. Put on football equipment.
C. Make efforts to commercialize football.
D. Learn about famous football players.
2. How much should a couple with their 11-year-old son pay at least for admission?
A. £ 25. B. £ 33. C. £ 44. D. £ 48.
3. What will visitors enjoy with the ticket?
A. A special discount on goods at a café
B. A chance to interview a game legend.
C. A free visit to the National Football Museum.
D. A free team badge of the club they like.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是“足球：设计美丽的运动”展览的相关信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据What to expect部分的“involve yourself in the stories of clubs and game legends including Messi, Pelé, George Best and Diego Maradona.(让自己沉浸在俱乐部和比赛传奇的故事中，包括梅西、Pelé、George Best和Diego Maradona。)”可知，参观者在展览会上可以了解著名的足球运动员。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Ticket information部分的“Adult tickets are charged from £16 and student tickets from £12. Meanwhile, you can save 25% on family and group tickets.(成人票16英镑起，学生票12英镑起。同时，家庭票和团体票可以省25%。)”可知，一对夫妇带着11岁的儿子至少要付入场费是（16x2+12）x0.75=33英镑，故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Ticket information部分的“Present your exhibition entry ticket for 10% off food and drink at London Grade Coffee on the ground floor.(在一楼的London Grade Coffee咖啡厅出示参展门票，可享受10%的餐饮优惠。)”可知，游客可以用这张票享受咖啡厅商品的特别折扣，故选A。
B
A few weeks ago, Catherine asked Thomas, her 7-year-old, what he would like to be when he grew up. “I wanted to be an astronaut when I was 6”, but then Thomas said he wanted to either run a dog hotel or be a Lego designer.
As Catherine shared on the Internet: “The next day he appeared with a letter, written in his “best handwriting,” asking Lego if he could work for them.” He wisely shared that he’d be available to help with designing Legos after school, on weekends, and in the holidays—and that his sister would be eager to do the same.
His mom put the letter in the mail but also tried to manage his expectations. She told Thomas that while Lego would appreciate his letter, the company probably wouldn’t respond. According to Catherine, “He looked disheartened at my remarks and sank into the couch.”
Then a package arrived from Christian Paul, the vice president and general manager of Lego U.K. and Ireland. Inside was a Lego kit, and a handwritten letter that said:
Dear Thomas,
Thank you so much for your letter. It is great to see how excited you are for Lego building and your creations look fantastic!
We would love your help to design even better products, but unfortunately all our product designers are sitting in Billund, which is in Denmark. We would still love to invite you to visit us in our Slough office (together with your sister and parents) for a juice/tea/coffee and a tour of the building.
My office is called “Dumbledore’s Office”—like the box attached. Let us know what time works for you!
All the best,
Christian
“Seeing my son light up with pride at the beautifully crafted letter,” Catherine wrote, “was something I won’t ever forget.” And neither will Thomas.
We never know when our words or actions might make an impact on another person. Small actions, like a little encouragement, a little acceptance, and a little praise, are flashing by and even insignificant to us, but are possibly life-changing for another person. Christian Pau didn’t know how Thomas might react to his letter. In a broader sense, he doesn’t know what Thomas’s future might hold. He simply took the time to respond.
It was a small moment to him—but potentially a huge moment for Thomas. As Catherine wrote, “Thank you for making my son see that it’s always worth trying.”
4. Why did Thomas write Lego a letter?
A. To ask the company to buy him a dog.
B. To request a space tour as an astronaut.
C. To set up an animal shelter with its help.
D. To offer to work for it as a part-time designer.
5. How did Thomas’s feelings change in the story?
A. Hopeful-Upset-Surprised.
B. Disappointed-Hopeful-Satisfied.
C. Ambitious-Content-Disappointed.
D. Delighted-Doubtful-Depressed.
6. What can we learn from Christian Pau?
A. He was generous with his kindness.
B. He wanted to change people’s lives.
C. He devoted his time to hunting designers.
D. He focused on every customer’s opinions.
7. Which message was NOT given in this text?
A. Faith moves mountains.
B. Every attempt counts.
C. A short cut is often a wrong cut.
D. Don’t underestimate your abilities.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了一个七岁小男孩的故事。托马斯长大后想成为一名乐高设计师。于是，他给乐高公司写了求职信。没想到，他竟然收到了回复。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As Catherine shared on the Internet: “The next day he appeared with a letter, written in his “best handwriting,” asking Lego if he could work for them.” He wisely shared that he’d be available to help with designing Legos after school, on weekends, and in the holidays—and that his sister would be eager to do the same.(正如凯瑟琳在网上分享那样：“第二天，他带着一封用他“最好的笔迹”写的信出现，问乐高是否可以为他们工作。”他很聪明地告诉我，放学后、周末和假期，他都可以帮忙设计乐高积木——他的妹妹也会很乐意这么做。)”可知，托马斯给乐高写信是想成为一名兼职设计师为乐高公司工作。故选D项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“His mom put the letter in the mail but also tried to manage his expectations.(他的妈妈把信寄了出去，但也试图控制他的期望。)”可知，托马斯刚写完信的时候是充满期待、充满希望的；紧接着“According to Catherine, “He looked disheartened at my remarks and sank into the couch.”(据凯瑟琳说，“他听了我的话看起来很沮丧，然后瘫在沙发上。”)”托马斯听到妈妈说的话后，变得十分沮丧；最后，根据文章倒数第三段““Seeing my son light up with pride at the beautifully crafted letter,” Catherine wrote, “was something I won’t ever forget.” And neither will Thomas.(凯瑟琳写道：“看到儿子看到这封精心制作的信时，眼睛都亮了，露出自豪的笑容，我永远都不会忘记。”托马斯也不会。)”可知，托马斯收到乐高公司的回信后非常开心、自豪。由此可知，托马斯的心理变化是从充满希望，到沮丧，最后到惊喜、开心。故选A项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章信中“Thank you so much for your letter. It is great to see how excited you are for Lego building and your creations look fantastic!(非常感谢你的来信。很高兴看到你对乐高建筑有多兴奋，你的创作看起来很棒！)”、“We would still love to invite you to visit us in our Slough office (together with your sister and parents) for a juice/tea/coffee and a tour of the building.(我们仍然很乐意邀请你(和你的姐姐和父母一起)到我们的斯劳办公室来喝果汁、茶或咖啡，并参观大楼。)”以及“My office is called “Dumbledore’s Office”—like the box attached.(我的办公室叫“邓布利多办公室”——就像后面附上的盒子一样。)”可知，保罗并没有直接拒绝托马斯，而是不停地夸奖他、鼓励他，保护了孩子的纯真。由此可以推出，保罗慷慨、善良，是个好人。故选A项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“As Catherine wrote, “Thank you for making my son see that it’s always worth trying.”(凯瑟琳写道：“谢谢你让我儿子明白，凡事都值得一试。”)”可知，托马斯写信给乐高公司，乐高公司精心回信，让托马斯和凯瑟琳意识到，每一次尝试都很重要，不要低估自己的能力，只要自己想，并为之努力，就能成功。故文章没有提到的是C项“捷径都是错误的。”。故选C项。
C
A small group of paleontologists (古生物学家) recently discovered 10 species of ancient mammals previously unknown to science with the help of an enormous number of helpers at their dig site: ants.
The study of ancient mammals throws new light on the diversity of mammals that existed in North America around 33 million to 35 million years ago, when the climate was changing dramatically. It also pays attention to the harvester ants, with which researchers have long had a love-hate relationship. “The ants are not fantastic when they’re biting you,” said Samantha Hopkins, a professor of Earth Sciences at the University of Oregon. “But I’ve got to appreciate them because they make my job a whole lot easier.”
Most species of harvester ants live in subterranean caves that sit beneath a small hill of dirt. They strengthen the dirt by covering it with bits of rock and other tough materials. The ants have been known to travel over a hundred feet from their caves and to dig six feet deep in pursuit of materials that help secure their caves. The materials include fossils. Harvester ants can carry materials 10 times to 50 times the weight of their body, although they do not weigh very much, so the heaviest fossil they can collect weighs less than the average pill.
Given the size, harvester ant hills are hot spots for what scientists call microvertebrate (微型脊椎动物) fossils, which are animal fossils too small to see without a microscope. For over a century, scientists like Dr. Hopkins have found sediment (沉积物) off the sides of harvester ant hills in search of these fossils, making it easier to find large numbers of fossilized mammal teeth without spending hours in the field sifting through (仔细检查) sand and dirt.
8. What is the function of the ants according to Samantha Hopkins?
A. They bite people and spread diseases.
B. They make his work easier sometimes.
C. They maintain the diversity of mammals.
D. They help farmers at the harvest time.
9. What does the underlined word “subterranean” mean in Paragraph 3?
A. Coastal. B. Urban. C. Underground. D. Mountainous.
10. What can we learn about the harvester ants from the last two paragraphs?
A. Their caves are miles deep.
B. Materials with fossils are their food.
C. They can carry pills around.
D. Fossils may be found around their hills.
11. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To compare two different species.
B. To provide evidence for discoveries.
C. To introduce a kind of ant as a helper.
D. To promote awareness of mammal protection.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了最近古生物学家开始利用蚂蚁来帮助自己寻找和收集化石，尽管蚂蚁很小而且还会咬人，但它仍然发挥了极大的作用：不仅减轻了古生物学家的负担，也加快了古生物化石的发掘进度。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段末句“ “But I’ve got to appreciate them because they make my job a whole lot easier.” (“但我必须感谢他们，因为他们让我的工作轻松了很多。” )”可知，蚂蚁使他的工作更容易。故选B。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第三段首句句中的“Most species of harvester ants live in subterranean caves(大多数种类的收割蚁生活一个小土丘下面的 洞穴里。)”可知，此句是在介绍收获蚁的居住环境，且在小土丘的下面，即洞穴位于地下洞穴中，由此可推断，画线词意为“地下的”。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“The materials include fossils.( 这些材料包括化石。) ”以及第四段中“For over a century, scientists like Dr. Hopkins have found sediment (沉积物) off the sides of harvester ant hills in search of these fossils, making it easier to find large numbers of fossilized mammal teeth without spending hours in the field sifting through sand and dirt.(一个多世纪以来，像Hopkins博士这样的科学家一直在收割蚁丘两侧发现沉积物，以寻找这些化石，这使得不用花费数小时在田野里筛选沙土，就能更容易地找到大量哺乳动物牙齿化石。)”可知，科学家们从收割蚁在洞穴上堆起的小山周围找到了微型脊椎动物化石。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据首段“A small group of paleontologists (古生物学家) recently discovered 10 species of ancient mammals previously unknown to science with the help of an enormous number of helpers at their dig site: ants. (最近，一小群古生物学家在他们挖掘现场的大量帮手——蚂蚁的帮助下，发现了10种以前科学界不知道的古代哺乳动物。)”可知，本文主要讲述了最近古生物学家开始利用蚂蚁来帮助自己寻找和收集化石。由此可知，这篇文章的目的是介绍作为古生物学家助手的一种蚂蚁。故选C。
D
A flood hit Yellowstone National Park on June 13, 2022. The disaster was caused by a combination of unusually heavy rain and rapid snow melt. The high and fast water flows destroyed bridges and swept away entire roadways, leaving communities and homes isolated (隔绝的). Fortunately, the approximately 10,000 park visitors were safely evacuated.
The town of Gardiner, along the Montana-Wyoming border, was particularly hard hit. The floodwaters left almost 900 people with no power or water for many days. Gardiner’s economy, which heavily depends on the almost three-quarters of a million visitors who pass through the park’s north gate annually, is likely to take a hit. The floodwaters severely damaged the main north entrance road to Yellowstone and could take years to rebuild.
Park officials have begun work on improving an alternative road to Gardiner. This will ensure that locals can access food, supplies, and other essential emergency services. A limited number of tourists may also be allowed into Gardiner once the road is stable.
Yellowstone’s north gate is closed indefinitely (无限期地). But the park’s south gate opened to visitors on June 22, 2022. Park officials have started a new entry system to prevent overcrowding. It is based on the last number of the visitor’s vehicle license plate and the calendar date of the month. Cars with odd numbers can visit the park on odd days of the month, while those with even numbers can go on even days.
Established in 1872, Yellowstone is America’s oldest national park. The 3,472-square-mile reserve spans three states and is home to a lot of unique wildlife. It is known for its natural beauty that includes mountains, rivers and lakes. The forces of fire and ice shaped the park over thousands of years.
12. What can be inferred from the second paragraph?
A. Gardiner’s economy would suffer a lot.
B. Communities and homes were left in ruins.
C. Almost 900 people were trapped in the park.
D. The town of Gardiner was slightly affected.
13. What can we learn from the text?
A. Local people can get daily necessities from visitors.
B. The forces of flood and snow shaped the park over years.
C. The park has adopted a new system to avoid overcrowding.
D. More tourists may pack into the park for geological features.
14. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Flooding Has Caused Widespread Damage in the US
B. Yellowstone National Park Was Closed due to Flooding
C. Natural Beauty Makes Yellowstone America’s Oldest Park
D. Yellowstone National Park Partially Reopens After Flooding
15. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A guidebook. B. A news report. C. A research paper. D. A fiction.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。2022年6月13日，美国黄石国家公园遭遇洪水袭击，洪水过后，公园将部分对游客开放。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Gardiner’s economy, which heavily depends on the almost three-quarters of a million visitors who pass through the park’s north gate annually, is likely to take a hit. The floodwaters severely damaged the main north entrance road to Yellowstone and could take years to rebuild.(加德纳的经济严重依赖于每年通过公园北门的近75万游客，这可能会受到打击。洪水严重破坏了通往黄石公园的主要北部入口道路，可能需要数年时间才能重建。)”可知，加德纳的经济严重依赖于黄石公园的游客，公园遭遇洪水，经济受损，由此可推知，加德纳的经济会受打击。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Park officials have started a new entry system to prevent overcrowding.(公园管理人员已经启动了一个新的入园系统，以防止过度拥挤。)”可知，公园管理人员已经启动了一个新的入园系统，以防止过度拥挤。故选C项。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第一句话“A flood hit Yellowstone National Park on June 13, 2022.( 2022年6月13日，黄石国家公园遭遇洪水袭击。)”以及第四段“Yellowstone’s north gate is closed indefinitely (无限期地). But the park’s south gate opened to visitors on June 22, 2022. Park officials have started a new entry system to prevent overcrowding.(黄石公园的北门无限期关闭。但该公园的南门于2022年6月22日向游客开放。公园管理人员已经启动了一个新的进入系统，以防止过度拥挤。)”可知，黄石国家公园在经历洪水袭击后，将部分开放，D项“Yellowstone National Park Partially Reopens After Flooding(洪水过后，黄石国家公园部分重新开放)”最能概括本文内容。故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。阅读文章内容可知，文章第一段“A flood hit Yellowstone National Park on June 13, 2022.(2022年6月13日，黄石国家公园遭遇洪水袭击。)”直接给出主题：黄石国家公园遭遇洪水袭击；第二段介绍了受灾情况；第三段、第四段介绍了公园的应对措施；最后一段介绍了黄石公园的概况。由此可推知，这是一篇新闻报道，最有可能摘自新闻报告中。故选B项。
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分，满分 10 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you’ve ever been bitten by a mosquito, you know how frustrating their bites can be. ___16___, creating an itch (痒) that once you start scratching only seems to get worse. Why does a mosquito bite itch and what can we do?
Why does a mosquito bite itch?
When a mosquito bites you, it pierces (刺入) the skin using a special mouthpart to suck up blood and injects saliva (唾液) into your skin. Mosquitoes’ saliva has lots of proteins in it, some of which our body recognizes as foreign, and our immune cells spring into action to try to fight them.___17___. It’s actually the body’s response to the foreign mosquito protein. It is trying to fight. That’s why some people may only have a mild reaction to bites, while others, more sensitive to the foreign protein, react with large areas of swelling that are more painful.
What helps resist the urge to scratch?
“Don’t scratch” is the advice that most experts and health professionals give. As hard and sometimes unrealistic as it can sound, scratching inflames (发炎) the skin, and the inflammation makes the skin itch more. “___18___,” warned Daniel Markowski, technical adviser for the American Mosquito Control Association, adding that in extreme cases, people can scar (留下疤痕) themselves.
Instead, there are dozens of creams and sprays that promise itch relief as well as home remedy (疗法). Choose what’s right for you can often come down to trial and error. In general, all of the various anti-itch creams are very similar. There is no scientific evidence these remedies work, and they can come with their own side effects.___19___.
___20___
Some people can have serious allergic reactions to mosquitoes, although in practice it is rare, Vosshall said. If you experience severe symptoms such as breathing trouble, you should seek medical attention immediately.
A. What to do with a mosquito bite?
B. When to seek medical attention?
C. It’s not the bite that causes the itch
D. The bites will definitely cause severe allergies
E. The little red bumps swell up almost immediately
F. Scratching can cause secondary infections and prolong the discomfort
G. In fact, the best remedy to fight the itch is to prevent a bite in the first place
【答案】16. E 17. C 18. F 19. G 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。回答了被蚊子叮咬之后我们为什么会产生瘙痒感，该如何阻止抓痒的冲动以及何时就医的三个问题。
【16题详解】
下文“creating an itch (痒) that once you start scratching only seems to get worse. (一旦你开始抓挠，就会产生一种瘙痒感，似乎只会变得更糟。)”说明抓挠让瘙痒更糟糕，是一种结果，E项“The little red bumps swell up almost immediately (红色的小肿块几乎立刻就肿了起来)”符合题意，前后为因果关系，creating的现在分词形式为结果状语，表示自然的结果。故选E。
【17题详解】
下文“It’s actually the body’s response to the foreign mosquito protein. (这实际上是人体对外来蚊子蛋白质的反应。)”说明痒是人对外来蚊子的蛋白质的反应。推知，痒不是叮咬造成的，C项“It’s not the bite that causes the itch (不是蚊子的叮咬造成的痒)”符合题意。其中，选项中的“not”和下文的“actually”为对照关系。故选C。
【18题详解】
上文“As hard and sometimes unrealistic as it can sound, scratching inflames (发炎) the skin, and the inflammation makes the skin itch more. (尽管不挠痒听起来很难，有时也不现实，但是它会让皮肤发炎，炎症会让皮肤更痒。)”说明抓挠的危害，F项“Scratching can cause secondary infections and prolong the discomfort (抓挠会引起继发感染并延长不适)”符合语意一致，也是在介绍抓挠的危害。故选F。
【19题详解】
上文“There is no scientific evidence these remedies work, and they can come with their own side effects. (没有科学证据表明这些疗法有效，而且它们可能有自己的副作用。)”说明瘙痒的疗法有限，G项“In fact, the best remedy to fight the itch is to prevent a bite in the first place (事实上，对付瘙痒的最好办法就是从一开始就防止被咬)”承接上文，介绍瘙痒的疗法有限，最好的办法是从一开始就防止被咬。故选G。
【20题详解】
空处为本段主旨句。下文“If you experience severe symptoms such as breathing trouble, you should seek medical attention immediately. (如果出现呼吸困难等严重症状，应立即就医。)”说明情况严重时我们应该就医。由此推知，本段的问题是“何时就医”。B项“When to seek medical attention? (何时就医？)”是在设问，一问一答，符合逻辑。故选B。
第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节完形填空(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
Since young, Aisha Ismail has said she let labels (标签) define what she could be. “I was a black girl, from a refugee (难民) family,” Aisha said. “It seemed___21___I was only allowed to___22___in this predetermined box.”
After a high school chemistry class___23___her to think about a career in science and gave her confidence in the field, Aisha learned to live outside___24___and began making big plans for her future. Now she is about to begin her freshman year at the University of California, planning to become a professor.
Born and___25___in San Diego’s City Heights neighbourhood, Aisha is the daughter of a Somali refugee couple.___26___some might say Aisha’s success happened in spite of her background, she would say differently that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be a(n)___27___, promising undergraduate that she is today.
When Aisha was eight years old, her mother got a job by studying hard back in school in order to___28___the whole family. That made Aisha realize that education could make a___29___to one’s life.
“I always want to be the____30____girl for my family,” Aisha said. “In my opinion, you have to not even do your best but two times better than everyone else. Thus I always try my hardest.”
Aisha’s efforts____31____. The summer before her senior year of high school, she was____32____to the American Chemical Society Project SEED Programme. “She brought both enthusiasm and focus,” Botham, a researcher at this research institute, recalled. “She arrived every day ready to work, ready to learn and ready to rise to new challenges____33____whether or not she had done anything similar. That was why she was selected.”
When asked what advice she would give to others like her, Aisha warned them not to underestimate themselves. “Don’t tell yourself that the scholarship is too____34____or this programme is too competitive or I’ll never get into this school,” she said. “I was not sure whether I could make it until I started seeing the admission letters____35____in.”
21. A. as if B. even if C. as soon as D. as long as
22. A. cycle B. explore C. sleep D. establish
23. A. warned B. ordered C. inspired D. asked
24. A. subjects B. life C. jobs D. labels
25. A. raised B. worked C. observed D. recovered
26. A. Because B. While C. Once D. Whether
27. A. affected B. famous C. enthusiastic D. fearful
28. A. abandon B. blame C. move D. support
29. A. fortune B. difference C. shadow D. shelter
30. A. richest B. favorite C. perfect D. luckiest
31. A. made sense B. died down C. came to nothing D. paid off
32. A. admitted B. devoted C. close D. equal
33. A. by comparison with B. in addition to C. instead of D. regardless of
34. A. easy B. small C. far D. unnecessary
35. A. joining B. flooding C. handing D. breaking
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Aisha Ismail从一个难民家庭穷苦女孩变身为前途光明的加州大学学生的经历。
【21题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：阿伊莎说。“似乎我只被允许在这个预先确定的盒子里探索。”A. as if好像、似乎；B. even if即使；C. as soon as一……就；D. as long as只要。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个表语从句，此处表示“好像、似乎”，应用as if。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：阿伊莎说。“似乎我只被允许在这个预先确定的盒子里探索。”A. cycle循环；B. explore探索；C. sleep睡觉；D. establish建立。根据前面的“Since young, Aisha Ismail has said she let labels (标签) define what she could be.”以及后面的“in this predetermined box”可知，此处指被标签定义，所以只能在预先确定的盒子里探索生活，explore符合语境。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：高中化学课激发了她投身科学事业的想法，给了她在这一领域的信心。A. warned警告、警示；B. ordered命令；C. inspired激励、鼓舞；D. asked要求。根据后面的“to think about a career in science and gave her confidence in the field”可知，是化学课激发了她投身科学事业的想法，inspired符合语境。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：高中化学课激发了她投身科学事业的想法，给了她在这一领域的信心，阿伊莎学会了生活在标签之外，开始为自己的未来制定宏伟的计划。A. subjects主题；B. life生活；C. jobs工作；D. labels标签。根据上文“Since young, Aisha Ismail has said she let labels (标签) define what she could be.”可知，从小阿伊莎就被标签定义，而现在学会了在标签外生活，此处为原词复现。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：阿伊莎在圣地亚哥的城市高地附近出生和长大，是一对索马里难民夫妇的女儿。A. raised养育、抚养；B. worked工作；C. observed观察；D. recovered恢复。根据“Born and ___5___ in San Diego’s City Heights neighbourhood”可知，此处指“出生长大”，raised符合语境。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：虽然有些人可能会说阿伊莎的成功与她的背景无关，但她会以不同的方式说，她的经历塑造了她，激励她成为今天这样一个充满热情、有前途的本科生。A. Because因为；B. While尽管；C. Once一旦；D. Whether是否。根据后面的“ ___6___ some might say Aisha’s success happened in spite of her background, she would say differently that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be a(n) ___7___ ”可知，句子前后之间存在让步关系，表示“虽然有些人可能会说阿伊莎的成功与背景无关，但是她会以不同的方式说，她的经历塑造了她”，while符合语境。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然有些人可能会说阿伊莎的成功与她的背景无关，但她会以不同的方式说，她的经历塑造了她，激励她成为今天这样一个充满热情、有前途的本科生。A. affected有影响的；B. famous著名的；C. enthusiastic热情的；D. fearful恐惧的、害怕的。根据下文“She brought both enthusiasm and focus”可知，此处与下文应保持一致，表示“充满热情的、有前途的本科生”，enthusiastic符合语境。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：阿伊莎8岁时，母亲为了养家糊口，回到学校努力学习，找到了一份工作。A. abandon抛弃、放弃；B. blame责备；C. move移动；D. support支持、支撑。根据“her mother got a job by studying hard back in school in order to ___8___ the whole family”可知，此处指“为了养家糊口”，support符合语境。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这让阿伊莎意识到教育可以改变一个人的生活。A. fortune财富；B. difference差别、差异；C. shadow阴影；D. shelter木架、架子。根据“That made Aisha realize that education could make a ___9___ to one’s life.”可知，此处指“教育可以改变一个人的生活”，make a difference为固定搭配。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我一直想成为家里的完美女孩，” 阿伊莎说。A. richest最富裕的；B. favorite最喜欢的；C. perfect完美的；D. luckiest最幸运的。根据后面的“In my opinion, you have to not even do your best but two times better than everyone else.”可知，在她看来，不只是要做到最好，还要比别人强两倍，由此看来，阿伊莎一直想当一个完美女孩，perfect符合语境。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：阿伊莎的努力得到了回报。A. made sense有意义；B. died down逐渐消失；C. came to nothing失败、终未实现；D. paid off有回报、见成效。根据后面的“she was ___12___ to the American Chemical Society Project SEED Programme.”可知，她被美国化学学会的SEED项目录取了，说明她的努力得到了回报，paid off符合语境。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：高三前的那个夏天，她被美国化学学会的SEED项目录取了。A. admitted准许入学、录取；B. devoted奉献；C. close靠近、接近；D. equal相同的、平等的。根据上文的“promising undergraduate that she is today.”和下文“That was why she was selected.”可知，她是被SEED项目“录取”了，admitted符合语境。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：她每天都准备好工作，准备好学习，准备好迎接新的挑战，而不管她是否做过类似的事情。A. by comparison with与……对比；B. in addition to除了……；C. instead of而不是；D. regardless of不管、不顾。根据后面的“whether or not she had done anything similar”可知，此处指“不管她是否做过类似的事情”，regardless of符合语境。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要告诉自己奖学金离自己太远了，这个项目竞争太激烈了，或者我永远都进不了这所学校。A. easy容易的；B. small小的；C. far遥远的；D. unnecessary没必要的。根据后面的“or this programme is too competitive or I’ll never get into this school”可知，此处指不要告诉自己奖学金离自己“太远了”，far符合语境。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到我看到录取通知书如潮水般涌来，我才确定自己能否成功。A. joining参加；B. flooding涌入；C. handing处理；D. breaking破坏。根据“I was not sure whether I could make it until I started seeing the admission letters ___15___ in.”可知，此处指“录取通知书如潮水一般涌来”，flood in为固定搭配，表示“涌入”，符合语境。故选B项。
第II卷非选择题部分(满分 65 分)
注意：将答案写在答题纸上。写在本试卷上无效。
第二节 语法填空 (共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Yellow Crane Tower is one of the Four Great Towers of China. ___36___ (sit) at the top of Snake Hill, on the banks of the Yangtze River, this symbolic building is one of the ___37___ (great) landmarks in Wuhan. There are a number of legends ___38___ tell how the Yellow Crane Tower came into being. One of them is the story of a wine merchant named Xin. It is believed that one day, ___39___ immortal being (神仙) pretended he was a poor man and got into Xin’s wine store. Xin, showing no judgement, ___40___ (offer) the man some free wine. The poor man came back day after day for several years and Xin always welcomed him with the same ___41___ (warm). One day, as the poor man left the store, he took some orange peel and drew a picture of a crane upon the wall. He said if he clapped his hands, the crane would come down from the wall and dance for him. ___42___ (surprise), what the poor man said was true. The dancing crane brought ___43___ much business to Xin that he soon became a very wealthy man. About ten years ___44___ (late), the immortal being came back to Xin’s store, called out the crane and left with it. ____45____ (honor) him and the crane, Xin built the Yellow Crane Tower.
【答案】36. Sitting
37. greatest
38. which##that
39. an 40. offered
41. warmth 42. Surprisingly
43. so 44. later
45. To honor
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了中国四大名楼之一黄鹤楼名字的由来。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这个标志性建筑坐落在长江之滨的蛇山之巅，是武汉最大的地标之一。分析句子结构，谓语动词为is，故空处需要填sit的非谓语形式；结合句意，表示“坐落于”为主动，故需要用现在分词doing的形式；位于句首需要大写首字母。故填Sitting。
【37题详解】
考查形容词的最高级。句意：这个标志性建筑坐落在长江之滨的蛇山之巅，是武汉最大的地标之一。根据空前one of the可知，空处需要填形容词的最高级形式，great的最高级形式为greatest。故填greatest。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：关于黄鹤楼是如何形成的，有许多传说。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为legends（传说），为物，从句中缺少主语，故需要用关系代词which或that。故填which或that。
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意：据说有一天，一个神仙假装自己是一个穷人，进入了辛氏的卖酒的小店。结合句意，此处泛指“一个神仙”，故需要用不定冠词a或an，空后immortal为元音音素开头的形容词。故填an。
【40题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：辛氏没有表现出任何评判的态度，反而给了那人一些免费的酒。分析句子结构，空处为本句的谓语部分，而综合全文，是在讲一个过去的传说故事，所以要用提示词offer的一般过去时态。故填offered。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：这个穷人日复一日地回来，好几年过去了，辛氏总是以同样的热情欢迎他。根据空前the same可知，空处需要填提示词warm的名词形式作宾语。故填warmth。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：令人惊讶的是，这个穷人说的是真的。分析句子结构，空处谓语句首，并用逗号隔开，故空处应填提示词surprise的副词形式修饰整个句子，位于句首需要大写首字母，故填Surprisingly。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：跳舞的鹤给辛氏带来了很多生意，他很快就成为了一个非常富有的人。空后为形容词much表示“许多的”修饰名词business，故空处需要填副词修饰形容词much；固定短语so much意为“很多”，符合句意。故填so。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：大约十年后，神仙又来到辛氏的店里，叫了鹤就走了。结合后文the immortal being came back可知，神仙在帮助了辛氏后便离去，十年后回来带走了鹤，故需要用later表“……以后”。故填later。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了纪念他和鹤，辛氏修建了黄鹤楼。分析句子成分，谓语动词为built，故空处需要用非谓语的形式；结合句意可知，辛氏修建黄鹤楼并以此命名是为了纪念神仙和鹤，故用to do不定式表目的，位于句首需要大写首字母。故填To honor。
第四部分单元知识考查(共四节，满分 50 分)
第一节单词填空(共 10 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 10 分)
46. We will of course __________(调查) how an error like this could have occurred. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】investigate
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：当然，我们将调查这样的错误是如何发生的。空前有助动词will，故空处需要填动词原形；表示“调查”为动词investigate，符合句意。故填investigate。
47. We want the government __________(preserve) the character of the town while improving the facilities. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to preserve
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式。句意：我们想让政府在改善市镇设施的同时保持其特色。固定短语want sb. to do sth.表示“想要某人做某事”，其中不定式是宾语补足语，故空处需要填动词的不定式形式。故填to preserve。
48. The school uses a combination of modern and __________(传统的) methods for teaching reading. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】traditional
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这所学校运用现代化的和传统的方法相结合进行阅读教学。根据汉语提示和空前and并列形容词modern“现代的”可知，空处需要填一个形容词；表示“传统的”为traditional，符合题干。故填traditional。
49. Even the smallest baby can __________(identity) its mother by her voice. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】identify
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：即使是最小的小宝宝也能通过声音辨别出母亲。空前有情态动词can，故空处需要填提示词identity的动词原形；identify表示“辨认出”，符合句意。故填identify。
50. He has sent off __________(申请表) for four different jobs. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】applications
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他已经给四分不同的工作发了申请表。根据中文提示及空后for four different jobs可知空处为名词复数形式，申请表名词为application，复数形式为applications。故填applications。
51. Look! They __________(conduct) a survey of consumer attitudes towards organic food at the gate. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】are conducting
【解析】
【详解】考查现在进行时。句意：看！他们正在门口对消费者对有机食品的态度进行调查。根据句首Look可知此句时态为现在进行时态，根据主语They可知空处为复数，结合所给提示词，空处应为are conducting。故填are conducting。
52. The discovery of the bones of __________(灭绝的) animals took all the researchers by surprise. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】 extinct
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：灭绝动物骨骼的发现使所有的研究人员都大吃一惊。设空处修饰名词作定语，应用形容词，根据汉语提示，故填extinct。

53. What is even more __________(alarm) is the increase in bullying in schools. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】alarming
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：更令人害怕的是校园欺凌现象的增加。根据空前more可推知空处需要填形容词作表语；结合句意，表示“令人感到……的”应是ing结尾的形容词，修饰物，alarming“令人害怕的；令人惊恐的”符合句意。故填alarming。
54. The pond is just right for the fish, __________(measure) two meters across. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】measuring
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个池塘正好适合这种鱼，有两米宽。本句谓语动词为“is”，且无连词，故提示词应为非谓语动词，“池塘两米宽”应为主动，故用doing。故填measuring。
55. The government will not give in to __________(威胁). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】threats
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：政府不会向威胁做出让步。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用名词threat，作宾语，表示具体事物时，是可数名词，前无限定词，应用名词复数形式。故填threats。
第二节短语填空(共 10 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 10 分)
根据句意，选择短语并以其适当形式填空。
come along be native to relate to take part in give way lead to turn to
contribute to on earth on average make progress concerned about

56. Considering the interest of his own company, he refused ___________________.
57. Would you be kind enough ___________________ our collection for the poor?
58. Why ___________________ did he want to go to such a place?
59. It’s time for him ___________________ serious medical care.
60. The evidence ___________________ a different conclusion has not been exposed to the public.
61. She will take it if the right opportunity ___________________.
62. The doctors have been working tirelessly and fortunately they ___________________ since last week.
63. Students spend 30 minutes on English homework ___________________ every day.
64. ___________________ this burning issue, the President had a sleepless night.
65. How many countries ___________________ the 24th Olympic Winter Games last February?
【答案】56. to give way
57. to contribute to
58. on earth
59. to turn to
60. related to
61. comes along
62. have made progress
63. on average
64. Concerned about
65. took part in
【解析】
【56题详解】
考查固定短语和不定式。句意：考虑到他自己公司的利益，他拒绝让步。设空处接在refuse后，一般用不定式作宾语，根据句意可知设空处意思是“让步”，故填to give way。
【57题详解】
考查不定式和固定短语。句意：你愿意帮助我们为穷人募捐吗？设空处用不定式做状语，根据句意可知设空处意思是“捐赠”，故填to contribute to。
【58题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：他究竟为什么要去这样一个地方？根据句意可知设空处意思是“究竟”，故填on earth。
【59题详解】
考查不定式和固定短语。句意：是时候让他求助于大病医疗了。It’s time for sb. to do固定句型，意为“是时候某人该做某事”，根据句意可知设空处意思是“向……求助”，故填to turn to。
【60题详解】
考查过去分词和固定短语。句意：与不同结论相关的证据尚未公开。根据句意可知，此处是“和……相关”，用短语relate to，且relate to作后置定语，修饰名词evidence，且二者之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填related to。
【61题详解】
考查固定短语和时态。句意：如果有合适的机会，她会抓住的。设空处为从句谓语，根据上文可知if引导的条件状语从句，主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时，主语the right opportunity，谓语第三人称单数，根据句意可知设空处是“到达”的意思，故填comes along。
【62题详解】
考查固定短语和时态。句意：医生们一直在不知疲倦地工作，幸运的是，自上周以来他们已经取得了进展。设空处为谓语，根据上文和时间状语可知为现在完成时，根据句意可知设空处是“进展“的意思，主语是复数，故填have made progress。
【63题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：学生平均每天花30分钟做英语作业。根据句意可知设空处意思是“平均“，故填on average。
【64题详解】
考查固定短语和过去分词。句意：关心这个棘手的问题，总统一夜未眠。设空处为非谓语，和它的逻辑主语之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，根据句意可知设空处意思是“关心”，句首单词首字母大写，故填Concerned about。
【65题详解】
考查固定短语和时态。句意：去年2月有多少国家参加了第24届冬季奥运会？设空处为谓语，根据时间状语应用一般过去时，根据句意可知设空处意思是“参加”，故填took part in。
第三节词性转换(共 10 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 10 分)
词性转换
66. create— __________________ (adj.)
67. press— __________________ (n.)
68. balance— __________________ (adj.均衡的)
69. legal— __________________ (opp.反义词)
70. appear— __________________ (n.)
71. admire— __________________ (n.钦佩)
72. reserve— __________________ (n.)
73. breath— __________________ (v.)
74. refer— __________________ (n.)
75. determine— __________________ (n.决心)
【答案】66. creative
67. pressure
68. balanced
69. illegal
70. appearance
71. admiration
72. reservation
73. breathe
74. reference
75. determination
【解析】
【66题详解】
create“创造”，动词，其形容词形式是creative，故答案是creative。
【67题详解】
press“按压”，动词，其名词形式是pressure，故答案是pressure。
【68题详解】
balance“平衡”，名词，其形容词形式是balanced，故答案是balanced。
【69题详解】
legal“合法的”，形容词，反义词是：非法的，il-是否定前缀，illegal非法的，故答案是illegal。
【70题详解】
appear“出现”，动词，其名词形式是appearance，故答案是appearance。
【71题详解】
admire“钦佩”，动词，其名词形式是admiration，故答案是admiration。
【72题详解】
reserve“保存；保留”，动词，其名词形式是reservation，故答案是reservation。
【73题详解】
breath“呼吸的空气”，名词，其动词形式是breathe，故答案是breathe。
【74题详解】
refer“参考”，动词，其名词形式是reference，故答案是reference。
【75题详解】
determine“下决心”，动词，其名词形式是determination，故答案是determination。
第四节按要求完成句子翻译(共 5 小题;每小题 4 分，满分 20 分)
76. 昨天是在所有人都在场时我们开的会。(强调句;present) (汉译英)
【答案】Yesterday, it was when all the people were present that we had the meeting.
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句型，状语从句。句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。“昨天”译为yesterday；“所有人都在场时”应为when引导的时间状语从句；“所有人”译为all the people；“在场”为be present，照应主语以及时间状语，be动词应为were。“我们开会”应为主句；“我们”译为we；“开会”译为have the meeting，照应时间状语，应为had。结合句意及题干要求，“正是”应为强调句型it was...that/who...，当强调内容为人，用that/who，当强调内容为物，应用 that，此处应强调时间状语从句，用that。故翻译为Yesterday, it was when all the people were present that we had the meeting。
77. 一部关于文化遗产保护的影片目前正在影院上映。(现在进行时的被动语态) (汉译英)
【答案】A film about the protection of cultural heritage is now being shown in cinemas.
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词、介词、固定短语、动词的时态和语态。结合句意，表示“一部影片”为泛指，需要用不定冠词a修饰，位于句首需要大写；表示“关于”为介词about；表示“文化遗产”为固定短语cultural heritage，其中cultural为形容词，heritage常用作不可数名词；表示“保护”为protection；结合句子，主语为“影片”，单数，和动词为“上映”为动宾关系，故需要用现在进行时的被动语态be being done表示“正在上映”，即is being shown；根据句意，不止一家影院正在上映这部电影，故cinema“电影院”需要用复数。故翻译为A film about the protection of cultural heritage is now being shown in cinemas.
78. 只有当他被提醒交作业时他才发现作业忘带了。(部分倒装；leave behind) (汉译英)
【答案】Only when he was reminded to hand in the homework did he realize that it had been left behind.
【解析】
【详解】考查部分倒装，时态语态，固定搭配。“只有”译为only；“当”译为when，引导时间状语从句；“他”译为he；“被提醒做某事”译为be reminded to do sth.，根据句意以及主语he，be动词应为一般过去时，且为单数，故为was；“上交”为固定搭配hand in；“作业”译为the homework；所以时间状语从句译为only when he was reminded to hand in the homework。“他才发现作业忘带了”应为主句。“他发现”译为he realized，后接宾语从句，且照应前文时态，应为一般过去时；“作业”译为it，因前文已提及，故用代词指代；“忘带了”译为固定搭配leave behind，根据前文“realized”的时态，“忘带”动作应在“发现”动作之前，故用过去完成时，结合主语it，故用过去完成时的被动语态，故为had been left behind。故主句译为he realized that it had been left behind。因前文结构为“only+状语”位于句首，故主句需要用部分倒装，故把he realized变为did he realize。故翻译为Only when he was reminded to hand in the homework did he realize that it had been left behind.
79. 把这些礼物包装起来，这可以使它们免受损坏。(非限制性定语从句;wrap up; prevent) (汉译英)
【答案】Please wrap up these gifts, which can prevent them from being damaged.
【解析】
【详解】考查祈使句，非限制性定语从句，固定搭配。“包装”为固定搭配wrap up；“这些礼物”译为these gifts；故“把这些礼物包装起来”应为祈使句please wrap up these gifts。按照题干要求非限制性定语从句，“这”译为which，指代先行词为整个主句；“可以”为情态动词can；“防止……做某事”为固搭prevent...from doing sth.；“他们”译为them；“损坏”为damage，照应前文介词from，故damage应为doing形式，再结合宾语them指代“礼物”，礼物被损坏，应为被动，故为doing的被动形式being done，故为being damaged。故翻译为Please wrap up these gifts, which can prevent them from being damaged.
80. 我突然想到我可以做一个关于那个专业球员的海报。(限制性定语从句;strike) (汉译英)
【答案】It strikes me that I can make a poster which is related to the professional player.

【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和定语从句。根据提示可知，我突然想到用固定句型It strikes me that...，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，我可以做一个海报，译为“I can make a poster”，一个关于那个专业球员的做定语从句修饰海报，译为“which is related to the professional player”，故翻译为It strikes me that I can make a poster which is related to the professional player.。