专题06 完形填空中的单元热点话题预测练- 高二英语下学期期末知识点精讲+训练学案（外研版2019）

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专题06 完形填空中的单元热点话题预测练

完形填空话题预测
教材
单元
主题
完形填空话题预测
选择性必修二
1
人的成长（人与自我）
记叙文：成长故事/成长感悟/等
2
提升自己（人与自我）
夹叙夹议文：个人能力提升实践等
3
时代变化（人与社会）
说明文：科技在生活中的运用等
4
打破界限（人与社会）
记叙文：志愿服务实践/奉献等
5
环境保护（人与自然）
记叙文：环保实践等
6
生存意识（人与自然）
记叙文：人与动植物的和谐共处的故事等
选择性必修三
1
什么是美（人与自我）
夹叙夹议文：关于美的生活体验等
2
工匠精神（人与自我）
记叙文：典型故事、个人的体验等
3
守卫和平（人与社会）
记叙文：英勇抗争/艰苦奋斗的故事等
4
未来生活（人与社会）
说明文：未来生活的预想等
5
学习自然（人与自然）
夹叙夹议文：对自然的看法等
6
自然之美（人与自然）
记叙文：介绍美丽的自然（景观）等
【主题示例】
1
(湘潭模拟) Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have __1__ feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common __2__ between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over __3__ rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the __4__. On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for __5__ the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket. 
The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different __6__ to these problems. However, some approaches are more __7__ than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but __8__ clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s __9__. On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the __10__ of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to __11__ their actions. 
Psychologists say that __12__ is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should __13__ to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may __14__ their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and __15__ each other that problems between parents and children can be settled. 
1.A.natural　 B.strong　 C.guilty D.similar
2.A.interest B.argument C.link D.knowledge
3.A.noisy B.crowded C.messy D.locked
4.A.homework B.housework C.problem D.research
5.A.washing B.using C.dropping D.replacing
6.A.approaches B.contributions C.introductions D.attitudes
7.A.complex B.popular C.scientific D.successful
8.A.later B.deliberately C.seldom D.thoroughly
9.A.behavior B.taste C.future D.nature
10.A.failures B.changes C.consequences D.thrills
11.A.defend B.delay C.repeat D.reconsider
12.A.communication B.bond C.friendship D.trust
13.A.reply B.attend C.attach D.talk
14.A.hate B.scold C.frighten D.stop
15.A.loving B.observing
C.understanding D.praising
答案与解析：
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了家长和孩子如何相处的问题。一味的责备会使得亲情疏远。父母也应该倾听孩子的心里话。沟通是一个双向的过程。做一个聪明的、善解人意的家长更受孩子的欢迎。
1.【解析】选D。根据“Then again, teenagers have ______feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them”可知,孩子和父母有着相似的感觉。故选D。 
2.【解析】选B。根据下文“between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks.”可知,因为父母不满意孩子不能保持自己房间的干净、整齐、卫生而发生争吵。故选B。
3.【解析】选C。根据空后“clothes thrown on the floor”扔在地板上的衣服,可知房间很凌乱。故选C。
4.【解析】选B。收拾凌乱的房间和扔在地板上的衣服等是家务方面的事。故选B。
5.【解析】选C。根据“the towel in the bathroom” 可知,把毛巾掉在地上。故选C。
6.【解析】选A。根据下一句中的“approaches”可知选A。
7.【解析】选D。根据下文“For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness,”可知,接下来列举了一些成功的父母的做法。下文中的do better也是提示,故选D。
8.【解析】选A。根据空前表示转折的but可知,父母先责备孩子,后来又给孩子打扫房间。故选A。
9.【解析】选A。根据上下文语境,此处指孩子们邋遢的行为,故选A。
10.【解析】选C。根据后面“of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator,”可知,与此相反,那些让青少年体验他们的行为的结果的父母可以做得更好。故选C。
11.【解析】选D。根据“they are forced to ______their actions.”。可知,重新考虑他们的行为。故选D。 
12.【解析】选A。根据空后“the most important thing in parent-child relationships.”可知,有沟通才会消除隔阂和误解。故选A。
13.【解析】选D。固定短语:talk to和……交谈。故选D。
14.【解析】选B。根据常识可知,当孩子的房间凌乱时,父母会责备孩子。故选B。
15.【解析】选C。根据空后“each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.”可知,此处指互相理解。故选C。
2
(广东模拟)This year my husband and I decided to have a quiet, low-key New Year’s Eve.We wanted to spend it with our kids and other immediate family and make it a special __1__ for them, instead of __2__ a babysitter and going out on our own.The logical way to do this was through __3__.As we all know, food had a magical way of making; a night __4__, and our New Year’s Eve certainly __5__ that way, thanks to doughnuts. 
I decided to make doughnuts because my cousins had __6__ a batch on Halloween and I found it very __7__.I used a recipe from the 1976 cookbook More with Less and it __8__ a curious ingredient—two cups of mashed potatoes that __9__ made the texture lighter.The doughnuts were __10__ and cut from a sheet of dough, then left to rise until ready to fry in hot oil.Then they took several seconds to __11__, which meant that my enormous batch of 100 doughnuts was __12__ cooking in a fairly short time.We glazed(浇上浆液) the tops and then __13__ them for the rest of the evening.The leftovers disappeared at breakfast. 
This will become an annual __14__, I have no doubt.Whether we host a bigger party or keep it small, there will always be __15__ doughnuts, because when you have hot homemade doughnuts, you can’t help but have the best time. 
1.A.challenge　　　　 B.idea C.opportunity D.occasion
2.A.training B.hiring C.knowing D.interviewing
3.A.time B.money C.food D.fun
4.A.short B.memorable C.messy D.silent
5.A.tested out B.moved on C.turned out D.picked out
6.A.put B.bought C.brought D.made
7.A.impressive B.expensive C.healthy D.nutritious
8.A.took up B.carried on C.called for D.cut off
9.A.fortunately B.possibly C.totally D.absolutely
10.A.rolled out B.taken apart C.sorted out D.cut down
11.A.steam B.cook C.sink D.float
12.A.finished B.practiced C.considered D.demanded
13.A.prepared B.waited C.enjoyed D.longed
14.A.celebration B.idea C.ceremony D.tradition
15.A.fresh B.raw C.common D.local
答案与解析：
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了作者在家里自己烹饪甜甜圈,和家人一起庆祝除夕夜的故事。
1.【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“We wanted to spend it with our kids and other immediate family”可知,此处表示作者与丈夫想低调地过除夕夜,并与家人们一起度过,让这个除夕夜成为他们的一个特殊时刻。故选D项。
2.【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“babysitter”可知,此处表示雇佣保姆。故选B项。
3.【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“As we all know, food had a magical way of making”可知,此处谈及的话题应是食物。故选C项。
4.【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“This year my husband and I decided to have a quiet, low-key New Year’s Eve.”可知,作者和亲人一起度过除夕夜,一定是一个难忘的夜晚。故选B项。
5.【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。根据上文“a night memorable”可知,此处表示作者一家人的除夕夜果然是那样的。故选C项。
6.【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“I decided to make doughnuts because”可知,此处表示作者要做甜甜圈是因为作者的堂兄在万圣节那天做了一批。故选D项。
7.【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“I decided to make doughnuts”可知,此处表示作者决定制作甜甜圈是因为作者发现甜甜圈令人印象非常深刻。故选A项。
8.【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。根据文中“a curious ingredient”可知,此处表示需要一种奇怪的材料。故选C项。
9.【解析】选B。考查副词词义辨析。根据下文“made the texture lighter”可知,此处是指能使质地更轻,表示一种可能性。故选B项。
10.【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。根据下文“cut from a sheet of dough, then left to rise until ready to fry in hot oil”可知,此处描述的是甜甜圈的制作步骤,第一步是把面饼擀薄。故选A项。
11.【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“fry in hot oil”可知,接下来只需要几秒钟的时间来烹饪。故选B项。
12.【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“in a fairly short time.”可知,此处表示在相当短的时间内完成烹饪。故选A项。
13.【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“The leftovers disappeared at breakfast.”可知,作者及家人在晚上一起享用了甜甜圈。故选C项。
14.【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。根据下文可知,无论他们是举办大型派对还是举办小型派对,总会有甜甜圈,可推知,这将成为一年一度的传统。故选D项。
15.【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文“hot homemade doughnuts”可知,这里说的是自制热的甜甜圈,可推知,总会有新鲜的甜甜圈。故选A项。

1
On the mantelpiece is a sign saying “A home is not a home without a dog”. Next to it, in the couple’s living room, is a framed picture of a dog, which is itself nestled among ____1____ dog decorations. The kitchen, where Laura Jacques and Richard Remde’s four dogs ____2____ play and rest, is similarly decorated. Upstairs is the couple’s super king size bed, roomy enough to ____3____ two humans and four dogs.
Visitors to this house in Silsden, West Yorkshire are left in no doubt about the ____4____ of dogs in the couple’s lives. Their four dogs will soon become six, when they bring home two more cloned dogs.
Jacques works as a dog-walker. She has studied dog ____5____ and has spent a lot of time volunteering at the Dogs Trust. The couple have just moved into a new house, one they bought because it has a lot of land for the dogs to run around in. One corner has been ____6____ as a pet graveyard. Dylan, their eight-year-old dog who died earlier this year is to take the first ____7____.
When Jacques received the news from the vet that Dylan had died, she ____8____ in shock and grief. “I couldn’t comprehend that the worst possible thing had happened. I was just in total shock,” she says. “And then an idea occurred to me – I want to clone Dylan.”
The couple say they know how ____9____ pet cloning is and that some will criticize them for “playing God”. But they ____10____ that they are doing nothing wrong. “We have helped to make a scientific ____11____,” says Jacques. “Arguably dog breeders are doing something ____12____ but they are doing it for money while we aren’t. I can understand the ____13____ around human cloning – creating beings that don’t have a real mum or dad – but the same thing doesn’t apply to dogs. I know that some people will disagree with what we’ve done but I hope they won’t ____14____ us.”
They accept that some people will say they are mad and wonder why they are spending $100,000 on the ____15____. “We are not mad,” says Remde, “We are dog-mad though, and we both absolutely love all animals.”
1. A. casual B. curious C. obvious D. various
2. A. fluently B. primarily C. confidently D. quickly
3. A. inhabit B. accommodate C. acknowledge D. store
4. A. strength B. independence C. importance D. power
5. A. concept B. attitude C. behavior D. belief
6. A. released B. reserved C. recorded D. reviewed
7. A. plot B. career C. style D. technique
8. A. absorbed B. collapsed C. withdrew D. immersed
9. A. controversial B. boring C. ridiculous D. humorous
10. A. realize B. require C. demand D. insist
11. A. competence B. understanding C. breakthrough D. explanation
12. A. generous B. fundamental C. similar D. superior
13. A. reasons B. doubts C. concerns D. instructions
14. A. accept B. wonder C. report D. judge
15. A. movement B. process C. search D. difficulty
【答案与解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一对夫妇非常爱狗，给他们的狗狗提供了非常舒适的环境，并且因为爱狗，他们选择了克隆狗，虽然克隆狗这件事有争议，他们坚持自己的想法和做法。
1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在它旁边，在这对夫妇的客厅里，有一张镶框的狗的照片，它自己依偎在各种狗的装饰品中。A. casual日常的；B. curious好奇的；C. obvious明显的；D. various各种各样的。句中的itself指的是狗狗，它置身于装饰品中，此处用“各种各样的”修饰装饰品符合语境， 故选D。
2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：劳拉·雅克(Laura Jacques)和理查德·雷姆德(Richard Remde)的四只狗主要在厨房玩耍和休息，厨房的装饰也类似。A. fluently频繁地；B. primarily主要地；C. confidently自信地；D. quickly快速地。 句中提到，厨房的装饰也类似，所以狗狗们应是“主要”在厨房玩耍和休息。故选B。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：楼上是这对夫妇的特大号床，足够容纳两个人和四只狗。A. inhabit居住；B. accommodate容纳，住宿；C. acknowledge承认；D. store保存。 根据“super king size bed”可知，此处表示“可以容纳”两个人和四只狗狗，故选B。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：参观过这所位于西约克郡西尔斯登的房子的人都毫不怀疑狗狗在这对夫妇生活中的重要性。A. strength强项，优势；B. independence独立；C. importance重要性；D. power力量。根据前文可知，这对夫妇给狗狗们提供了非常舒适的环境，以及第一段的标语“A home is not a home without a dog(没有狗的家不叫家)”可知，来到这所房子可以很清楚地知道狗狗对他们的重要性。 故选C。

5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她研究了狗的行为，并花了很多时间在狗狗信托基金做志愿者。A. concept概念；B. attitude态度；C. behavior行为；D. belief信念。 根据句意可知，她对狗狗的事情非常上心，结合选项可知此处表示研究狗的“行为”符合语境，故选C。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个角落被保留为宠物墓地。A. released释放；B. reserved预留；C. recorded记录；D. reviewed复习。根据句意结合下文“Dylan, their eight-year-old dog who died earlier this year is to take the first 　　　7　　　.(今年早些时候去世的8岁狗迪伦(Dylan)将占据第一块地。)”可知，此处表示“保留”了一小块地来做狗狗的墓地。 故选B。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年早些时候去世的8岁狗迪伦(Dylan)将占据第一块地。A. plot情节，小块土地；B. career事业；C. style风格；D. technique技巧，根据上文结合本句提到“ their eight-year-old dog who died earlier this year”可知，为狗狗保留的墓地，它占了一小块。 故选A。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当雅克从兽医那里得知迪伦去世的消息时，她在震惊和悲伤中奔溃。A. absorbed吸收；B. collapsed奔溃；C. withdrew取出；D. immersed 沉浸。根据前文可知，狗狗对于这对夫妇来说非常重要，所以此处提到狗狗死了，她应是非常“奔溃”。故选B。
9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇说，他们知道克隆宠物有多么有争议，有些人会批评他们“扮演上帝的角色”。A. controversial有争议的；B. boring无聊的；C. ridiculous荒谬的；D. humorous幽默的。 根据后半句“有些人会批评他们”可知，他们知道克隆宠物这个事情是“有争议的”，故选A。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他们坚称自己没有做错任何事。A. realize意识到；B. require要求；C. demand需求；D. insist 坚持。根据下文““We have helped to make a scientific 　　　11　　　,” says Jacques. (“我们帮助取得了科学上的突破，”雅克说。)”可知，他们觉得自己没有错，所以此处用“insist”表示“坚称”，故选D。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们帮助取得了科学上的突破，”雅克说。A. competence能力；B. understanding理解；C. breakthrough突破；D. explanation解释。根据语境和scientific(科学的)可知，此处表示克隆宠物这件事情，帮助取得“科学突破”， 故选C。
12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可以说，狗饲养者也在做类似的事情，但他们是为了钱，而我们不是。A. generous慷慨的；B. fundamental基本的；C. similar相似的；D. superior高级的。根据“狗狗饲养者”以及but后的句意可知，他们在做着相似的事情， 故选C。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我能理解人们对人类克隆的担忧——创造出没有亲生父母的生物——但同样的事情不适用于狗。A. reasons原因；B. doubts怀疑；C. concerns担忧，关注；D. instructions指导。根据插入语“creating beings that don’t have a real mum or dad”，可知，这是一种“担忧”， 故选C。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道有些人会不同意我们的做法，但我希望他们不要评判我们。A. accept接受；B. wonder想知道；C. report报道；D. judge判断，评价，批评。根据句意提到“some people will disagree with what we’ve done”，所以此处转折关系表示希望他们不要“评判”我们， 故选D。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们接受有些人会说他们疯了，并奇怪为什么要花10万美元在这个过程中。A. movement运动；B. process过程；C. search搜寻；D. difficulty困难。根据前文可知，这对夫妇想要克隆狗狗，所以10万美元花在克隆狗狗的这个“过程”中， 故选B。
2
The East African country of Kenya has been at the forefront of the global war on plastic since 2017, when officials banned plastic bags. In June 2020, the government ____16____ the efforts with a ban on single-use plastics in protected areas. Unfortunately, the measures have ____17____ made any impact. Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer（聚合物）waste continue to get ____18____ into landfills daily. However, if 29-year-old Nzambi Matee has her way, the unpleasant plastic ____19____ will soon be transformed into colourful bricks.
The material engineer’s search to find a(n) ____20____ solution to control plastic pollution began in 2017. She quit her job as a data analyst at a local chemical factory and set up a small lab in her mother’s backyard. It took her nine months to produce the first brick and even longer to ____21____ a partner to help build the machinery to make them. But the determined eco-entrepreneur was confident in her idea and did not____22____.
She says, “I wanted to use my education in applied physics and material engineering to do something about the problem of plastic waste pollution. But I was very ____23____ that the solution had to be practical, sustainable, and affordable. The best way to do this was by ____24____ the waste into the construction and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes.”
Her company, Gjenge Makers, now hires 112 people and produces over 1,500 bricks a day. The pavers（铺路材料） are made using a mix of plastic products that cannot be reprocessed or recycled. The polymer is obtained ____25____ from factories or picked by hired locals from Nairobi's largest landfill, Dandora.
The collected plastic is ____26____ with sand, heated at very high temperatures, and compressed into bricks that vary in colour and thickness. The ____27____ product is stronger, lighter, and about 30 percent cheaper than concrete bricks.
Matee, who was recently ____28____ as one of the Young Champions of the Earth 2020 — the United Nations’ highest environmental ____29____. Her dream is to reduce the mountain of trash in Dandora to just a hill by increasing production and expanding her offerings. She says, “The more we recycle the plastic, the more we produce affordable housing, and the more we create ____30____ for the youth.”
16. A. modified B. glorified C. intensified D. justified
17. A. barely B. nearly C. mildly D. equally
18. A. leaked B. turned C. loaded D. dumped
19. A. modes B. heaps C. ports D. mills
20. A. personal B. orderly C. feasible D. adjustable
21. A. remind B. convince C. assure D. direct
22. A. get off B. show off C. give up D. put out
23. A. clear B. fair C. bold D. mature
24. A. enclosing B. distributing C. channelling D. reversing
25. A. distantly B. openly C. secretly D. directly
26. A. replaced B. mixed C. equipped D. fixed
27. A. reforming B. recovering C. resulting D. recording
28. A. recognized B. criticized C. claimed D. defended
29. A. level B. grant C. diploma D. honour
30. A. employment B. experiment C. entertainment D. investment
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了材料工程师Nzambi Matee通过自己的努力解决塑料垃圾污染问题。
16. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2020年6月，政府加强了努力，禁止在保护区使用一次性塑料。A. modified修改；B. glorified使荣耀；C. intensified加剧；D. justified使合理。根据上文“The East African country of Kenya has been at the forefront of the global war on plastic since 2017(自2017年官员禁止使用塑料袋以来，东非国家肯尼亚一直处于全球反塑料战争的最前沿)”可知，肯尼亚政府在环保上采取强有力的措施，故选C。
17. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，这些措施几乎没有产生任何影响。A. barely几乎没有；B. nearly接近；C. mildly温和地；D. equally同样地。根据“Unfortunately(不幸的是)”可知，这里与上文政府的强有力措施构成转折关系，表示虽然措施强有力，但是效果甚微。故选A。
18. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：数百吨的塑料废弃物继续被扔进垃圾桶。A. leaked泄露；B. turned转过身；C. loaded加载；D. dumped倾倒。根据“waste(废弃物)”可知，这里的废弃物应该是被倾倒，被扔掉。故选D。
19. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果29岁的Nzambi Matee能如愿，这些令人讨厌的塑料垃圾很快就会变成五颜六色的砖块。A. modes模式；B. heaps堆；C. ports港口；D. mills公里。根据上文“into landfills(垃圾如山)”可知，这里是很多废弃物倾倒之后变成垃圾堆。故选B。
20. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位材料工程师从2017年开始寻找控制塑料污染的可行解决方案。A. personal个人的；B. orderly有序的；C. feasible可行的；D. adjustable可调的。根据下文“It took her nine months to produce the first brick(花了九个月时间把废弃物变成砖块)”可知，这里是将废弃物转化成可用的砖块，因此这一转化是可行的。故选C。
21. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她花了9个月的时间制作了第一块砖，甚至花了更久的时间说服一个合作伙伴帮忙生产能制造这些砖的机器。A. remind提醒；B. convince说服；C. assure保证；D. direct指导。根据下文“to help build the machinery to make them(让他们帮助制造可以生产这种砖块的机器)”可知，她自己不能生产这种机器，只能找其他生产商帮忙生产，因此是说服别人帮忙，故选B。
22. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但这位坚定的生态企业家对自己的想法充满信心，没有放弃。A. get off下车；B. show off炫耀；C. give up放弃；D. put out扑灭。根据上文“It took her nine months to produce the first brick(她花了九个月时间才制造出第一块砖块)”可知，这一过程是非常艰难的，通过一个转折连词，表示虽然艰难，但是没有放弃。故选C。
23. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我很清楚，解决方案必须是切实可行的、可持续的、负担得起的。A. clear清晰的；B. fair公平的；C. bold大胆的；D. mature成熟的。根据文章语境以及下文的“sustainable, and affordable”可知，这一方案必须切实可行，可持续，负担得起才能真正达到环保的目的，因此她对此目标是非常清晰的。故选A。
24. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最好的方法是将废物引入建筑，找到最高效、最经济的材料来建造房屋。A. enclosing封闭；B. distributing分布；C. channelling引导；D. reversing扭转。根据上文“It took her nine months to produce the first brick(她花了九个月时间将废弃物生产成砖块)”可知，这一方案是将废弃物转变成可用砖块，故选C。
25. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这种聚合物直接从工厂获得，或者由雇佣的当地人从垃圾填场挑拣出来。A. distantly冷淡地；B. openly公开地；C. secretly秘密地；D. directly直接地。根据下文“picked by hired locals from Nairobi's largest landfill(通过雇佣的本地人挑拣)”可知，两种方式是并列关系，后者通过被雇佣者经过垃圾分拣之后间接得到，则前者则是直接从工厂废弃物中获得。故选D。
26. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：将收集的塑料与沙子混合，在高温下加热，并压缩成不同颜色和厚度的砖。A. replaced取代；B. mixed混合；C. equipped装备；D. fixed固定。根据下文“compressed into bricks(压缩成砖块)”可知，这里是将沙子和废弃物混合然后压缩，故选B。
27. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：由此产生的产品更坚固、更轻，比混凝土砖便宜30%左右。A. reforming改革；B. recovering恢复；C. resulting导致；D. recording记录。根据上文“heated at very high temperatures, and compressed into bricks that vary in colour and thickness.(将塑料与沙子混合，在高温下加热，并压缩成不同颜色和厚度的砖)”可知，这里是经过一定的工序之后得到砖块。故选C。
28. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她最近被评为2020年地球青年，这是联合国在环境方面的最高荣誉。A. recognized认定；B. criticized批评；C. claimed声称；D. defended辩护。根据短语“be recognized as”意为“被评定为…”以及下文“as one of the Young Champions of the Earth 2020”可知，Matee被评为地球青年，故选A。
29. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她最近被认定为2020年地球青年，这是联合国在环境方面的最高荣誉。A. level水平；B. grant补助；C. diploma文凭；D. honour荣誉。根据上文“one of the Young Champions of the Earth 2020(2020年地球青年)”可知，这是对Matee贡献的认可，是一种荣誉，故选D。
30. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们回收的塑料越多，就越能生产出负担得起的住房，也就越多地为年轻人创造就业机会。A. employment就业；B. experiment实验；C. entertainment娱乐；D. investment投资。根据上文“we recycle the plastic(我们回收塑料)以及“we produce affordable housing(建造负担得起的住房)”可知，这些回收以及建造过程，都会需要很多人参与生产加工。因此需要很多工作人员，会产生就业机会。故选A。
3
In this age of environmental crises, perhaps it comes no surprise that Stella Bowles found-one in her own backyard What is unique is her ____31____ to do something about it.
The 100-kilometre LaHave River passes through Stella’s community of Upper LaHave. Back in 2015, the pretty waterway was considered by many locals ____32____ to swim in, but Stella wanted to know why. The then 11-year-old was ____33____ to learn what was causing the pollution: human waste being cast ____34____ into the water by hundreds of her neighbors.
“I was ____35____ ,” Stella says, when she found out 600 homes were using straight-pipes to pump waste from toilet to river without any filtration(过滤). She decided to ____36____ the problem for her Grade 6 science project With the help of a retired local physician, Stella learned how to ____37____ the water in the LaHave Unfortunately, her results showed contamination(污染)way above Health Canada guidelines.   ____38____ , locals were boating on the river without knowing they were facing the potential danger of infection.
Stella began to raise ____39____ about the LaHave’s contamination problem. Soon she was making local headlines and trying to convince politicians. Finally, in spring 2017, all levels of governments _____40_____ to remove all straight-pipes in Nova Scotia by 2023.
The LaHave _____41_____ isn’t safe for swimming, but it should be safe for the sixth graders of Upper LaHave’s future. Stella, now 14, continues to press for more rigid rules to protect the river and this year travelled around her province to teach other kids how to test their local waterways and _____42_____ for better care
In August, thanks to her excellent work, Stella _____43_____ an International Eco-Hero Award, which _____44_____ the efforts of environmental youth activists. “I never thought I’d be where I am today _____45_____ a science project,” says Stella, who is considering a career in environmental law.
31. A. chance B. regret C. determination D. imagination
32. A. unfit B. perfect C. easy D. unpopular
33. A. proud B. upset C. satisfied D. relieved
34. A. suddenly B. carefully C. directly D. quickly
35. A. confident B. curious C. excited D. sick
36. A. look into B. refer to C. point out D. set aside
37. A. heat B. protect C. store D. test
38. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However
39. A. awareness B. doubts C. fears D. cash
40. A. agreed B. failed C. pretended D. happened
41. A. just B. still C. even D. yet
42. A. call B. allow C. answer D. wait
43. A. missed B. refused C. earned D. presented
44. A. demands B. assesses C. collects D. recognizes
45. A. apart from B. because of C. instead of D. far from
【答案与解析】这是一篇记叙文。在这个环境危机的时代，斯特拉·鲍尔斯发现了自己身边的拉哈德河被污染，然后她想尽办法去检测水质，并呼吁政府官员等协同保护水源。
31. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个环境危机的时代，斯特拉·鲍尔斯在自己的后院发现了一个独特之处在于她决心对此事采取行动，也许就不足为奇了。A. chance 机会；B. regret 遗憾，慎悔；C. determination 决心，果断D. imagination 想象。通过下文的描述可知，面对拉哈德河被污染的现象，斯特拉鲍尔斯检测水质、呼吁大家提高污染意识、还呼吁政府官员一起解决这个问题，可知，她是下定决心要做出点事情。故选 C。
32. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在2015年，这个美丽的河道被当地人认为是不适合游泳的，但是斯特拉想知道为什么。 A. unfit 不适合的； B. perfect 完美的；C. easy 容易的；D. unpopular 不受欢迎的。此空格与第五段首句中的“The LaHave 　　11　　 isn’t safe for swimming. （拉哈德河现在对于游泳是不安全的。）”呼应，所以可知，在2015年这个问被认为是不适合游泳的。故选 A。
33. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那时11岁的她知道了造成了污染的根源，很是失望：成百上千的邻居直接把人类排泄物排到河流中。 A. proud 骄做的；B. upset 沮丧的，失落的；C. satisfied满意的；D. relieved 感到宽慰的，放心的。由“human waste being cast 　　4　　 into the water by hundreds of her neighbors.（人们直接把人类排泄物排到河流中）”可推知，斯特拉知道原因后很是沮丧。故选 B。
34. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：那时11岁的她知道了造成了污染的根源，很是失望：成百上千的邻居直接把人类排泄物排到河流中。 A. suddenly 突然；B. carefully 仔细地；C. directly直接地；D. quickly 快地。由下段中的“she found out 600 homes were using straight-pipes to pump waste from toilet to river without any filtration.（她发现600个家庭用直管直接将没有经过任何处理的粪便排到河流中。）”可知，她的邻居直接把粪便排到河里，故选 C。
35. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当斯特拉发现600个家庭用直管直接将没有经过任何处理的粪便排到河流中时，她说“我感到很恶心” A . confident 自信的；B. curious好奇的；C. excited 激动的；D. sick 生病的，恶心的。根据前文“she found out 600 homes were using straight-pipes to pump waste from toilet to river without any filtration.”可知，人们直接把粪便排入河流中，给人的第一感觉就是很恶心。故选 D。
36. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了她六年级的科学项目，她决定调查这个问题。 A. look into 调查；B. refer to 查阅，提到；C. point out 指出，指明；D. set aside 留作……之用。这一段最后几句与下面两个段落都讲述了斯特拉针对这个问题做的一步步
努力，所以可知她决定调查这个问题。故选 A。
37. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在当地一名退休的物理学家的帮助下，斯特拉学习了如何检测拉哈德河中的水。 A. heat 加热；B. protect 保护；C. store 贮存，贮藏；D. test 测验，考查。由下句中的“her results showed（她的结果显示)”可知，她是对水质做了检测。故选 D。
38. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当地人依然在河上划船，不知道他们面临被感染的潜在危险。A. Therefore 因此；B. Otherwise 否则，不然；C. Moreover 此外，而且；D. However 然而。根据上文“ her results showed contamination(污染)way above Health Canada guidelines”下文“locals were boating on the river without knowing they were facing the potential danger of infection”可知，河水污染远远超过了加拿大卫生部指南，而当地人还在河中划船，可知上下句之间是转折关系。故选 D。
39. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯待拉开始提高人们对拉哈德河被污染问题的意识。 A. awareness 意识；B. doubts 疑虑；C. fears 害怕；D. cash 现金。由下句中的“Soon she was making local headlines. （很快，她上了当地头条。）”可知，她在试图提高人们的污染意识。故选 A 。
40. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，在2017年春天，所有层级的官员同意要在2023年之前将新斯科舍省的直管都移除掉。A. agreed 同意； B. failed 失败；C. pretended 假装；D. happened 碰巧，发生。根据下文“to remove all straight-pipes in Nova Scotia by 2023”可知，由于是在2023年之前将所有直管移除掉，所以目前只是同意这么做。故选 A。
41. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：拉哈德河对于游泳还是不安全的，但是它对于拉哈德未来的六年后的毕业生应该是安全的。 A just 仅仅； B. still 还是，仍然； C. even 甚至； D. yet还，然而。根据上文“all levels of governments 　10　to remove all straight-pipes in Nova Scotia by 2023.”可知，在2023年之前将所有直管移除掉，所以拉哈德现在仍然对于游泳是不安全的。 yet 一般用在否定句中。故选 B。
42. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现年14岁的斯特拉继续要求制定更严格的规则来保护这条河流，今年她周游全省，教其他孩子如何测试当地的水道，并呼吁更好的关爱（水源）。 A. call称作，呼吁；B. allow允许；C. answer 回答；D. wait 等待。call for“呼吁”根据句意，她教会其它孩子检测水质，呼吁他们一起关爱水源。故选 A。
43. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：八月，因为斯特拉的杰出的工作，她赢得了生态英雄奖，这个奖主要是认可环保青年活动人士的努力。 A. missed 错过；B. refused 拒绝；C. earned 挣得，赚得；D. presented 把……交给，颁发。根据“an International Eco-Hero Award”可知，她赢得了生态英雄奖。如果用 presented ，句子应使用被动语态，由于句子使用的主动语态，故选 C。
44. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：八月，因为斯特拉的杰出的工作，她赢得了生态英雄奖，这个奖主要是认可环保青年活动人士的努力。 A. demands 要求；B. assesses 评估，评定；C. collects 收集；D. recognizes （正式）认可，接受。根据下文“the efforts of environmental youth activists”句意，生态英雄奖主要是认可环保青年活动人士的努力。故选 D。
45. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：我从来没想过因为一个科学项目我会有现在的成就。 A. apart from 除了……外（都），要不是；B. because of 因为；C. instead of 代替，取代；D. far from 根本不，远远不。此空格与上文中的“She decided to 　　6　　 the problem for her Grade 6 science project With the help of a retired local physician（为了她六年级的科学项目，她决定调查这个问题。）”呼应，说明她是因为这个项目取得了现在的成就。故选 B。
4
From the moment my husband brought home three chicks, our nine-year-old Sophie hasn’t let them out of her sight. She lovingly ____46____ them Trixie, Bearty and Captain Flint.
Sophie has done ____47____ things with them. One hot day, she wanted to take Captain Flint to the ____48____. I wasn’t so sure about it: Could chickens swim? Sophie ____49____ a stick on her swimming ring for Captain Flint to sit on, and the two floated down the stream.
____50____ Sophie dressed as a chicken for Halloween and ____51____ to persuade us to let Trixie come along. The neighbors’ ____52____ were extremely funny. “Wait! Is that a real chicken you’re holding?” Trixie cooed(咕咕叫)the whole time.
The chickens are teaching us about love as well as ____53____ and grief(悲伤). Sadly, Captain Flint ____54____ an untimely death after a dog attack. We _____55_____ her. Before the accident, the chickens weren’t _____56_____ in the house. To cheer Sophie up, we’ve permitted one chicken inside at a time if Sophie immediately _____57_____ after the visit. The chickens brought a flash of _____58_____ back to our lives. In a few short months, they have taught us to _____59_____ what we can’t change and find joy where we can, for which I am so _____60_____.
46. A. told B. offered C. named D. taught
47. A. impossible B. unbelievable C. annoying D. beneficial
48. A. school B. party C. stream D. woods
49. A. painted B. threw C. sharpened D. balanced
50. A. Naturally B. Finally C. Suddenly D. Fortunately
51. A. hesitated B. attempted C. continued D. managed
52. A. reactions B. presentations C. explanations D. answers
53. A. failure B. pressure C. loss D. risk
54. A. faced B. escaped C. cheated D. chose
55. A. ignored B. forgot C. hid D. buried
56. A. trained B. allowed C. ordered D. greeted
57. A. works out B. cleans up C. checks out D. turns up
58. A. attention B. forgiveness C. courage D. pleasure
59. A. explore B. create C. accept D. describe
60. A. sad B. grateful C. sorry D. responsible
【答案与解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了我丈夫带回家三只小鸡，九岁的索菲亲切地给他们起了三个名字：特里克茜、比蒂和弗林特船长，三只小鸡给我们带来了无数快乐与感动。
46. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她亲切地给它们起了三个名字：特里克茜、比蒂和弗林特船长。A. told告诉；B. offered提供；C. named取名，命名；D. taught教。根据下文“Trixie, Bearty and Captain Flint”可知，这里是给这三只小狗取名（named）。故选C项。
47. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：苏菲和他们做了很多不可思议的事。A. impossible不可能的；B. unbelievable难以置信的；C. annoying恼人的；D. beneficial有益的。根据下文“I wasn’t so sure about it: Could chickens swim?”可知，索菲和小鸡们做了许多让人觉得不可思议的（unbelievable）事情。故选B项。
48. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个炎热的日子，她想带弗林特船长去小溪边。A. school学校；B. party聚会；C. stream小河，小溪；D. woods树林，森林。根据下文“I wasn’t so sure about it: Could chickens swim?”可知，索菲是她们是去了河（stream）边。故选C项。
49. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：索菲在她的游泳圈上平衡了一根棍子，让弗林特船长坐在上面，两人顺着小溪顺流而下。A. painted涂颜料；B. threw扔；C. sharpened提高，改善；D. balanced平衡。根据下文“a stick on her swimming ring for Captain Flint to sit on”可知，索菲为了让小鸡能在船上坐下来，让一根木棍平衡支撑（balanced）在游泳圈上。故选D项。
50. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：合乎常理地，索菲在万圣节打扮成一只鸡，并设法说服我们让特里克茜一起去。A. Naturally合乎常理地；B. Finally最终；C. Suddenly突然地；D. Fortunately幸运地。根据下文“Sophie dressed as a chicken for Halloween and 　　6　　 to persuade us to let Trixie come along.”可知，鉴于索菲总是和小鸡们做一些不可置信的事情，所以在万圣节打扮成一只鸡自然就是合乎常理的（Naturally）了。故选A项。
51. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：合乎常理地，苏菲在万圣节打扮成一只鸡，并设法说服我们让特里克茜一起去。A. hesitated由于；B. attempted试图；C. continued继续；D. managed设法做到。根据上文“Sophie dressed as a chicken for Halloween and ”可知，索菲在万圣节这天扮成了一只鸡，还想方设法（manage to do）说服我们一起去。且manage to do为固定搭配，表示“想方设法做”。故选D项。
52. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：邻居们的反应非常有趣。A. reactions反应；B. presentations呈现；C. explanations解释；D. answers回答。根据下文““Wait! Is that a real chicken you’re holding?” Trixie cooed(咕咕叫)the whole time.”可知，空处指的是邻居们的反应（reactions）非常有趣。故选A项。
53. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：鸡教会了我们爱，也教会了我们失去和悲伤。A. failure失败；B. pressure压力；C. loss失去；D. risk风险。根据下文“grief(悲伤)”以及“Sadly, Captain Flint 　　9　　 an untimely death after a dog attack.”可知，一只叫弗林特船长的小鸡最后离我们而去，所以小鸡也教会了我们失去（loss）。故选C项。
54. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，弗林特船长在被狗袭击后英年早逝。A. faced面对；B. escaped逃跑；C. cheated欺骗；D. chose选择。根据下文“after a dog attack”可知，在被狗袭击后，弗林特船长最终只能面对（faced）死亡。故选A项。
55. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们把她埋了。A. ignored忽略；B. forgot忘记；C. hid隐藏；D. buried埋。根据上文“Sadly, Captain Flint 　　9　　 an untimely death after a dog attack.”可知，弗林特船长不幸去世了，我们就只能将它埋（buried）了。故选D项。
56. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在事故发生之前，鸡是不允许进屋的。A. trained训练；B. allowed允许；C. ordered命令；D. greeted问候。根据下文“To cheer Sophie up, we’ve permitted one chicken inside at a time”可知，之前在我们家，鸡是不允许（allowed）进屋的，且这里的allowed与下文的permitted相呼应。故选B项。
57. 考查形动词短语辨析。句意：为了让索菲高兴起来，我们每次只允许一只鸡进屋，只要索菲在参观后立即打扫卫生。A. works out解决；B. cleans up清理；C. checks out检验；D. turns up出现。根据下文“after the visit”可知，现在鸡允许进屋，但前提是进来之后，索菲要将屋子打扫（cleans up）干净。故选B项。
58. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些鸡给我们的生活带来了一丝快乐。 A. attention注意；B. forgiveness原谅，宽恕；C. courage勇气；D. pleasure快乐，满足。根据下文“find joy where we can”可知，这里是指鸡给我们的生活带来了欢乐（pleasure），且这里的pleasure和下文的joy相呼应。故选D项。
59. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：短短几个月，他们教会我们接受无法改变的事实，在可以改变的地方找到快乐，对此我感激不尽。A. explore探索；B. create创造；C. accept接受；D. describe描述。根据下文“what we can’t change”可知，面对我们无法改变的事情，我们只能接受（accept）。故选C项。
60. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：短短几个月，他们教会我们接受无法改变的事实，在可以改变的地方找到快乐，对此我感激不尽。A. sad悲伤的；B. grateful感激的；C. sorry抱歉的；D. responsible负责的。根据上文“they have taught us to 　　14　　 what we can’t change and find joy where we can”可知，对于这些小鸡教会我们的道理，我们十分感激（grateful）。故选B项。
5
Carter Ries is 16 years old and has been running the non­profit organization, One More Generation, with his sister Olivia since 2009. Together these two young change­makers are working to ____61____ youth around the world to stand up, be heard, and preserve the ____62____.
Carter said in a 2017 interview, “My sister and I have been doing this for the last eight years and not once have we ____63____ to quit One More Generation. There have been arguments and stress, but the reason we continue to ____64____ is that we motivate each other.
“Olivia and I go around the world ____65____ youth groups about the need to save our planet — and so far we have ____66____ shown many of these groups that anything is possible if you are ____67____ to work at it.
“We have created many campaigns — such as our Plastic and Recycling Awareness Week program — where we teach students how they can learn to help our environment. Another ____68____ is our Rhino (犀牛) Letter Writing Campaign, where we got over 10,000 kids from around the world to ____69____ letters to the South African government, asking them to ____70____ rhino poaching (偷猎). Not only did this show the South African government that people around the world ____71____, it also showed the youth that they had a voice of ____72____ and can use it on the go. The most ____73____ thing, however, is getting them to believe that.
We recently launched a global One Less Straw Pledge Campaign — highlighting the effects of global straw ____74____ on animals and the environment. We want to deliver a strong ____75____, “Anybody can make a difference ... if we can, so can you!”
61. A. employ B. motivate C. remind D. force
62. A. sun B. moon C. planet D. space
63. A. wanted B. desired C. refused D. afforded
64. A. rely on B. push on C. decide on D. get on
65. A. questioning B. warning C. asking D. teaching
66. A. successfully B. finally C. gradually D. fortunately
67. A. afraid B. willing C. free D. unable
68. A. experience B. struggle C. example D. research
69. A. write B. deliver C. edit D. bring
70. A. guarantee B. introduce C. stimulate D. stop
71. A. doubted B. restricted C. suffered D. cared
72. A. change B. reason C. truth D. authority
73. A. embarrassing B. interesting C. enjoyable D. difficult
74. A. purchase B. prohibition C. usage D. transportation
75. A. suggestion B. message C. topic D. lecture
【答案与解析】本文是记叙文。16岁的Carter Ries和妹妹Olivia发起很多保护环境的宣传运动，激励全世界的年轻人保护环境、保护我们的地球。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位年轻的变革者正在一起努力，激励全世界的年轻人站出来，听到他们的宣传，保护地球。A. employ雇佣；B. motivate激励；C. remind提醒；D. force强迫。由该段中的“youth around the world to stand up, be heard, and ... ”以及下文中对Carter Ries和Olivia发起很多保护环境的宣传运动，教育学生如何去保护环境的描述可知，Carter Ries和Olivia致力于“激励（motivate）”全世界的年轻人站起来。故选B。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这两位年轻的变革者正在一起努力，激励全世界的年轻人站出来，听到他们的宣传，保护地球。A. sun太阳；B. moon月亮；C. planet星球；地球；D. space太空。由第三段中的“save our planet”可知要保护我们的地球，the planet意为“地球”。故选C。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Carter在2017年的一次采访中说，我和我妹妹已经这样做了8年了，我们没有一次想要退出。One More Generation这个组织。A. wanted想要；B. desired渴望；C. refused拒绝；D. afforded负担。由该空后面的“to quit One More Generation”和下文中的“There have been arguments and stress, but the reason we continue to ... motivate each other”可知，Carter说他和妹妹Olivia从未“想过”要停止One More Generation的运动。故选A。
4. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们有过争吵和压力，但我们继续前进的原因是我们互相激励。A. rely on依靠；B. push on推进；C. decide on决定；D. get on进展。由上下文的描述以及该空前的but可知，Carter和Olivia在整个过程中有争论，有压力，但是他们还是继续“前进（push on）”。故选B。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Olivia和我在世界各地教育青年团体，让他们认识到拯救地球的必要性——到目前为止，我们已经成功地向其中许多团体表明，只要你愿意努力，一切皆有可能。A. questioning质疑；B. warning警告；C. asking问；D. teaching教。由第四段中的“where we teach students how they can learn to help our environment”可知，Carter和Olivia环游世界，向年轻团体“传授（teaching）”拯救地球的必要性。故选D。
6. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Olivia和我在世界各地教育青年团体，让他们认识到拯救地球的必要性——到目前为止，我们已经成功地向其中许多团体表明，只要你愿意努力，一切皆有可能。A. successfully成功地；B. finally最后；C. gradually逐渐；D. fortunately幸运的是。由下文“shown many of these groups that anything is possible if you are______7_____to work at it.”可知，Carter和Olivia成功地向许多年轻团体展示他们的想法，故选A 。
7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Olivia和我在世界各地教育青年团体，让他们认识到拯救地球的必要性——到目前为止，我们已经成功地向其中许多团体表明，只要你愿意努力，一切皆有可能。A. afraid害怕的；B. willing不乐意的；C. free免费的；D. unable不能的。由上文“anything is possible if you are”可知，Carter和Olivia已经“成功地（successfully）”向很多年轻团体展示了只要你“愿意（willing）”努力，任何事都是有可能的。故选B。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个例子是我们的犀牛写信运动，我们从世界各地召集了一万多名儿童，给南非政府写信，要求他们停止偷猎犀牛。A. experience经验；B. struggle奋斗；C. example例子；D. research研究。由上文中的“We have created many campaigns”以及“such as our Plastic and Recycling Awareness Week program”可知，此处是Carter举的另外一个“例子（example）”。故选C。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一个例子是我们的犀牛写信运动，我们从世界各地召集了一万多名儿童，给南非政府写信，要求他们停止偷猎犀牛。A. write写；B. deliver运送；C. edit编辑；D. bring带来。由上文中的“Rhino Letter Writing Campaign”可知，在该宣传运动中，Carter和Olivia让来自世界各地的一万名孩子给南非政府“写（write）”信。故选A。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一个例子是我们的犀牛写信运动，我们从世界各地召集了一万多名儿童，给南非政府写信，要求他们停止偷猎犀牛。A. guarantee保证；B. introduce介绍；C. stimulate刺激；D. stop停止。根据常识再结合该空后的rhino poaching可知，这项运动旨在让南非政府“制止（stop）”犀牛偷猎活动。故选D。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这不仅向南非政府展示了世界各地人民的变化，也向年轻人他们能为改变发声，而且他们可以为此四处奔走。A. doubted怀疑；B. restricted限制；C. suffered遭受；D. cared关心。由上文描述“犀牛写信运动中，世界各地一万多名儿童，给南非政府写信”可知，这一运动向南非政府表明全世界的人民都“关心（cared）”犀牛的生存状况。故选D。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这不仅向南非政府展示了世界各地人民的变化，也向年轻人展示了他们能为改变发声，而且他们可以为此四处奔走。A. change改变；B. reason原因；C. truth事实；D. authority当局。由上文中的changemakers以及Carter和Olivia激励年轻人站出来发声来保护地球可知，这一运动也向年轻人表明他们可以为“改变（change）”发声。故选A。
13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，最困难的是让他们相信这一点。A. embarrassing令人尴尬的；B. interesting有趣的；C. enjoyable令人愉快的；D. difficult困难的。由该空后的“however, is getting them to believe that”可知，此处表示，让年轻人相信这一点是最“困难的（difficult）”事。故选D。
14.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们最近发起了一个全球性的减少吸管的宣传活动——强调全球使用吸管对动物和环境的影响。A. purchase购买；B. prohibition禁止；C. usage使用；D. transportation交通。由上文中的OneLessStraw Pledge Campaign以及该空后的“on animals and the environment”可知，这一运动的目的是让人们认识到全球吸管的“使用（usage）”对动物和环境的影响。故选C。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们想传达一个强烈的信息“任何人都可以做出改变......如果我们可以，你也可以！”A. suggestion建议；B. message信息；C. topic主题；D. lecture演讲。由该空前的deliver以及该空后的“Anybody can make a difference... if we can, so can you!”可知，这是Carter和Olivia想传递的“信息（message）”。故选B。
6
Mariah Reading is an environmentalist, who grew up with an early appreciation for nature. While studying art at Bowdoin College, she saw the vast amounts of___76___from her painting and sculpture classes. She began to seriously consider her footprint as a(n)____77____“How can I paint landscapes if I’m ____78____them?” she thought. Then she started using the refuse as her canvas(画布).
After graduation, Mariah travelled throughout the country,____79____ rubbish to bring to her studio. One day, a____80____ hubcap(轮毂盖)she found by the side of the road gave her a new _____81_____. She noticed the half hubcap had cracked off to____82____the line of the mountain range that she was in. So she____83____ the mountain landscape on it and held it up in front of the real ____84____ and took a photo. It became the first in her _____85_____ series.
Over the years, she has painted more than 100 pieces of rubbish and photographed her transformations_____86_____matching real-life landscapes. It’s like _____87_____ new life into forgotten objects. Her practice_____88_____the principle of “leaving no trace” by _____89_____ painting with sculpture and photography.
Mariah hopes people see themselves and their own habits _____90_____ into her works and make small changes in their everyday lives.
76. A. paper B. waste C. power D. work
77. A. artist B. cleaner C. journalist D. mechanic
78. A. exploring B. forgetting C. harming D. shaping
79. A. taking out B. learning about C. complaining of D. picking up
80. A. broken B. lost C. new D. hidden
81. A. medium B. idea C. reason D. life
82. A. damage B. connect C. form D. cross
83. A. protected B. enjoyed C. changed D. painted
84. A. car B. range C. picture D. road
85. A. ongoing B. outdated C. energy-consuming D. self-centered
86. A. from B. without C. against D. as
87. A. forcing B. turning C. attracting D. breathing
88. A. highlights B. replaces C. compromises D. ignores
89. A. surrounding B. filling C. combining D. comparing
90. A. trapped B. reflected C. added D. admitted
【答案与解析】本文为一篇记叙文。文章介绍了生态艺术家Mariah Reading用艺术的方式为环保出力。Mariah Reading早在大学时学习艺术专业时发现，艺术造成了不少浪费，于是她将对自然的热爱与艺术相结合，在被丢弃的垃圾上作画，创作出与周围风景相匹配的美丽山水，通过艺术作品提醒人们要环保。
76. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在鲍登学院学习艺术时，她看到了绘画和雕塑课程带来的大量浪费。A. paper纸张；B. waste浪费；C. power电力；D. work工作。根据上文“Mariah Reading is an environmentalist, (玛丽亚·里丁是一位环保主义者)”，以及下文“Then she started using the refuse as her canvas (画布) . (然后她开始用垃圾做画布)”可知，玛丽亚·里丁关注环保，发现绘画和雕塑课程有大量的浪费，促使她以后选择了环保的方式来继续作画。故选B项。
77. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她开始认真考虑自己作为一个艺术家的足迹。A. artist艺术家；B. cleaner清洁工；C. journalist记者；D. mechanic机械师。根据上一句“While studying art at Bowdoin College, she saw the vast amounts of 　　 1　　　from her painting and sculpture classes.(在鲍登学院学习艺术时，她看到了绘画和雕塑课程带来的大量浪费。)”可知，玛丽亚·里丁学习艺术，以后会成为艺术家。故选A项。
78. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“如果我伤害了风景，我怎么能画它们呢？”她想。A. exploring探索；B. forgetting遗忘；C. harming伤害；D. shaping塑造。根据第一句“Mariah Reading is an environmentalist, who grew up with an early appreciation for nature. (玛丽亚·里丁是一位环保主义者，从小就对大自然充满了欣赏。)”可知，玛丽亚·里丁作为一个环保人士，不愿意在绘画过程中有破坏风景的行为。harming符合语境。故选C项。
79. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：毕业后，玛利亚周游全国，捡垃圾带到她的工作室。A. taking out拿出；B. learning about了解；C. complaining of抱怨；D. picking up捡起。根据“rubbish to bring to her studio”可知，玛丽亚·里丁在游历过程中看见垃圾，会把垃圾带回工作室，作画布。pick up符合语境。故选D项。
80. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一天，她在路边发现的一个坏掉的轮毂盖给了她一个新的想法。A. broken破碎的；B. lost迷路的；C. new新的；D. hidden隐秘的。根据下一句“She noticed the half hubcap had cracked off to 　　　7　　　　the line of the mountain range that she was in. (她注意到那半个轮毂盖已经破裂了，构成了她所处的山脉的线条。)”可知，只有半个轮毂盖，故broken符合语境。故选A项。
81. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，她在路边发现的一个坏掉的轮毂盖给了她一个新的想法。A. medium媒介；B. idea想法；C. reason原因；D.   life生活。根据下文“She noticed the half hubcap had cracked off to 　　　　7　　　the line of the mountain range that she was in. So she 　　　8　　　　the mountain landscape on it and held it up in front of the real 　　　　9　　　 and took a photo. It became the first in her 　　　10　　　 series. (她注意到那半个轮毂盖已经破裂了，构成了她所处的山脉的线条。于是她在轮毂盖上面画了山景，在真正的山脉前举着它，拍了张照片。这是她仍在进行的系列的第一幅画。)”可知，玛利亚在这块轮毂盖上作画，并且以那座山为背景拍了照，这激发了她用垃圾作画布的主意。idea符合语境，故选B项。
82. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她注意到那半个轮毂盖已经破裂了，构成了她所处的山脉的线条。A. damage损坏；B.   connect连接；C. form构成；D. cross交叉。根据下文“the line of the mountain range that she was in”可知，此处指这半个轮毂盖的形状，与眼前的这座山的轮廓线相似，form符合语境。故选C项。
83. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是她在上面画了山景，在真正的山脉前举着它，拍了张照片。A. protected保护；B. enjoyed享受；C. changed改变；D. painted画。第一段最后一句“Then she started using the refuse as her canvas(画布). (然后她开始用垃圾做画布)”，以及本段最后一句“It became the first in her 　　　10　　　 series. (这是她仍在进行的系列的第一幅画。)”可知，玛丽亚把轮毂盖作画布，在上面画山景。故选D项。
84. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是她在上面画了山景，把它举到真正的山脉前，拍了张照片。A. car汽车；B. range山脉；C. picture图片；D. road路。上文“She noticed the half hubcap had cracked off to 　　　7　　　　the line of the mountain range that she was in. (她注意到那半个轮毂盖已经破裂了，构成了她所处的山脉的线条。)”可知，当时玛丽亚正好在山里，这半个轮毂盖的轮廓线与这个山脉的线条相似。此处的range为复现词，玛丽亚把画了山景的轮毂盖与山脉同框拍照，展现它们的线条的相似性，画作与周围风景相匹配。故选B项。
85. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这变成她仍在进行的系列的第一幅画。A. ongoing仍在进行的；B. outdated过时的；C. energy-consuming耗能的；D. self-centered自我中心的。根据下文“Over the years, she has painted more than 100 pieces of rubbish and photographed her transformations 11 matching real-life landscapes. (多年来，她在100多件垃圾上作画，并与现实生活中的景观相匹配，拍摄了她的（从垃圾到艺术的）转化)”可知，从轮毂盖上作第一张画开始，玛丽亚的以垃圾为画布的系列已经持续好几年了，还在进行中。故选A项。
86. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：多年来，她在100多件垃圾上作画，并与现实中的景观相匹配，拍摄了她的（从垃圾到艺术的）转化。A. from来自；B. without没有；C. against以……为背景，映衬；D. as作为。根据上文“So she 　　　8　　　 the mountain landscape on it and held it up in front of the real 　　9　　　　 and took a photo. (于是她在上面画了山景，在真正的山脉前举着它，拍了张照片。)”可知，玛丽亚的画都依据真实的景观而作，并以实景为背景，画与实景相匹配，同框留影，against符合语境，故选C项。
87. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就像给被遗忘的东西注入新的生命。A. forcing强迫；B. turning翻转；C. attracting吸引；D. breathing呼吸。短语breathe…into…，意为“注入……到……中”，根据语境，这些成为画布的垃圾有了新的意义。故选D项。
88. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的做法将绘画与雕塑、摄影相结合，突出了“不留痕迹”的原则。A. highlights突出；B. replaces取代；C. compromises妥协；D. ignores忽略。根据语境，此处评价了玛丽亚的“垃圾作画布”系列的作画特点，根据上文“Over the years, she has painted more than 100 pieces of rubbish and photographed her transformations　　　　11　　　matching real-life landscapes. (她在100多件垃圾上作画，并与现实中的景观相匹配，拍摄了她的（从垃圾到艺术的）转化。)”，画与实景“不留痕迹”相匹配,。highlights符合语境，故选A项。
89. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的做法将绘画与雕塑、摄影相结合，突出了“不留痕迹”的原则。A. surrounding周围；B. filling填充；C. combining结合；D. comparing比较。combine…with…，意为“……与……相结合”，根据语境，玛丽亚的“垃圾作画布”系列中，有绘画、雕塑、摄影。故选C项。
90. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：玛丽亚希望人们看到在她的作品中映射出的自己和自己的习惯，并在日常生活中做出小小的改变。A. trapped困；B. reflected反映；C. added补充说；D. admitted承认。根据语境，这些捡来的垃圾反射着人们浪费的行为习惯，玛丽亚的作品中有着环保理念，希望人们通过看她的作品以后有所改变，变得有环保意识。reflected符合语境，故选B项。
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I log onto a computer at the doctor’s office to say I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me into the examination room. There，a robotic nurse ____91____ me onto the scales and then takes my blood pressure. Some time later, in steps the ____92____ ，who is also a robot. He notes down my ____93____ and gives me a prescription (处方). I pay for my visit using a credit card and return home without having met another human being. This is my nightmarish (噩梦般的) vision of the future，which hasn’t happened ____94____ yet.
I should say I really do like many aspects of ____95____ . I am a big fan of air conditioning in summer and heaters in winter. But I am writing this because I don’t want machines to ____96____ .
When I call my dentist’s office and actually get a human being on the line, I am ____97____ . And when I see the introduction of yet more self-service checkout stations at the grocery store, I feel like ____98____ , “When it comes to cashiers, make mine a(n) ____99____ , please!”
After all，human cashiers sometimes give you a store coupon (优惠券) for items you are ____100____ . Even more than that，real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children, which can ____101____ young mother’s day. A cashier may also show sympathy for an elderly person ____102____ to get that last penny out of his purse.
Machines can be ____103____ and cost-effective and they often get the job done just fine. ____104____ they lack an element so important to everyday life.
Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart. It is something no machine will ever have. It is human beings that ____105____ us to smile at others, which may be what they need at that moment.
91. A. tears B. directs C. follows D. separates
92. A. coach B. lawyer C. doctor D. engineer
93. A. signals B. symbols C. sculptures D. symptoms
94. A. at most B. at last C. at least D. at intervals
95. A. commerce B. agriculture C. literature D. technology
96. A. take over B. pass by C. cut in D. go away
97. A. annoyed B. thrilled C. discouraged D. disappointed
98. A. whispering B. laughing C. shouting D. weeping
99. A. machine B. human C. animal D. plant
100. A. ruining B. producing C. advertising D. purchasing
101. A. brighten B. darken C. strengthen D. widen
102. A. turning B. happening C. describing D. struggling
103. A. urgent B. efficient C. frequent D. consistent
104. A. Otherwise B. Because C. But D. Therefore
105. A. punish B. persuade C. encourage D. force
【答案与解析】这是一篇议论文。文中作者想象了未来机器人接管一切的场景，感觉是噩梦。作者认为机器人虽然效率高，成本低，而且常常能很好地完成工作，但它们缺少人类才有的灵魂。
91. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那里，一个机器人护士把我带到秤上，然后给我量血压。A. tears撕开；B. directs指引；C. follows跟随；D. separates分开。根据后文“me onto the scales and then takes my blood pressure”可知，此处指机器人护士指引作者去称体重，然后给他量血压。故选B项。
92. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：过了一段时间，医生走进来了，它也是机器人。A.coach 教练；B.lawyer律师； C.doctor 医生；D.engineer工程师。由后文“a prescription”可知，应该是“医生”才会开处方。故选C项。
93. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他记下我的症状并给我开药方。A. signals信号；B. symbols象征；C. sculptures雕塑；D. symptoms症状。根据上文“in steps the doctor, who is also a robot. He notes down my”可知作者去体检，机器人记下作者的症状。故选D项。
94. 考查固定短语辨析。句意：这是我对未来的噩梦般的想象，至少现在还没有发生。A. at most至多；B. at last最后；C. at least至少；D. at intervals不时。根据上文“This is my nightmarish vision of the future, which hasn’t happened”可知这些是作者对未来的幻想，所以至少现在还没有发生。故选C项。
95. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我应该说我真的很喜欢科技的很多方面。A. commerce贸易；B. agriculture农业；C. literature文学；D. technology技术。后文中“I am a big fan of air conditioning in summer and heaters in winter.”列举了作者喜欢空调和加热器，即现代技术。故选D项。
96. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但我写这篇文章是因为我不想让机器接管一切。A. take over接管；B. pass by经过；C. cut in插嘴；D. go away走开。根据后文可知作者不想和机器人通话和让机器人给自己结账，推测作者不想机器接管日常生活的一切。故选A项。
97. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我打电话给我的牙医办公室，实际上是一个人在电话里，我很激动。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. thrilled激动的；C. discouraged沮丧的；D. disappointed失望的。上文提到作者不想机器人接管一切，所以当电话是人类接听的时候，作者显得很激动。故选B项。
98. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我看到杂货店推出更多的自助结账台时，我真想大喊一声：“说到收银员，请换成人类给我结账吧！”A. whispering悄悄话；B. laughing笑；C. shouting叫喊；D. weeping哭泣。根据后文“please!”可知作者对于自助结账情绪激动，shout符合语境。故选C项。
99. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我看到杂货店推出更多的自助结账台时，我真想大喊一声：“说到收银员，请换成人类给我结账吧！” A. machine机器；B. human人类；C. animal动物；D. plant植物。根据上文可知，作者不喜欢机器接管一切，所以是希望人类给自己结账。故选B项。
100. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，收银员有时会给你一张商店优惠券，让你购买物品。A. ruining 毁坏；B. producing生产； C. advertising打广告；D. purchasing购买。由前文“items”和“coupon”可知，因为你“买了”一些东西，所以才会给优惠券。故选D项。
101. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，现实生活中的收银员往往对特别可爱的孩子感兴趣，这可以让年轻妈妈们的开心。A. brighten(使)快活起来；B. darken变黑；C. strengthen加强；D. widen扩宽。结合上文“real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children”可知人类收银员喜欢可爱的孩子，这可以让年轻妈妈们开心。故选A项。
102. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：收银员也可能会对一个挣扎着从钱包里拿出最后一分钱的老人表示同情。A. turning转弯；B. happening发生；C. describing描述；D. struggling努力，艰难地行进。根据后文“to get that last penny out of his purse”可知，老人挣扎着从钱包里拿出最后一分钱的老人。故选D项。
103. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：机器效率高，成本低，而且常常能很好地完成工作。A. urgent紧急的；B. efficient有效率的；C. frequent频繁的；D. consistent一致的。对应后文“and cost-effective”指机器效率高，成本低。故选B项。
104. 考查连词和副词词义辨析。句意：但它们缺少日常生活中非常重要的元素。A. Otherwise否则；B. Because因为；C. But但是；D. Therefore因此。上文提到了机器的好处，后文则说它们缺少重要元素，前后为转折关系，应用but。故选C项。
105. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：是人类鼓励我们对他人微笑，这可能是他们当时所需要的。A. punish惩罚 ；B. persuade说服；C. encourage鼓励；D. force强迫。由后文“what they need”可知，是人类需要，所以才会“鼓励”机器人笑。故选C项。
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“A revolutionary approach on how to connect our world without being super-weird ... In the Iceland-verse, there's ... skies you can see with your eyeballs, volcanic rocks you can caress, and really big geysers（间歇泉）you can observe from a safe distance.” So ____106____ a viral advertisement designed to lure tourists to Iceland. The target of the parody（滑稽的模仿）is Mark Zuckerberg in ____107____, and Silicon Valley in general, for whom the idea of the "metaverse（元宇宙）" -- a sort of 3d sequel（续集）to today's two-dimensional internet, in which users work, play, buy and sell inside immersive virtual worlds- has become the latest Next Big Thing.
Iceland's tourist board is not the only ____108____. When, on October 28th, Mr. Zuckerberg rebranded Facebook as Meta Platforms, to signal his ____109____ to the new idea, many assumed it was a PR stunt（公关伎俩）to divert attention from the social-media giant's scandals. Mr. Zuckerberg may well prefer to think about exciting new products than deal with the downsides of his existing ones. And exaggerated advertising is the water in which techies swim. ____110____, to stop the analysis there would be too dismissive. There are good reasons to take the metaverse seriously.
One is historical: as computers have become more capable, the ____111____ that they generate have become richer. The internet began its life displaying nothing more exciting than white text on a black background. Flat ____112____ were added in the 1990s. Video came to dominate in the 2010s. Therefore, a(n) ____113____ into three dimensions is a logical consequence of the steady growth in computing power.
That progression is more than merely ____114____. The video-game industry has been selling virtual worlds for years. "Ever Quest", an online game launched in 1999, had half a million subscribers _____115_____. (Players quickly co-opted（选择）it for socializing, and even _____116_____, as well as dragon-slaying.) "World of Warcraft," which arrived five years later, _____117_____ 12 million, with many players spend their real money on virtual goods. It is hard to argue that an idea will never _____118_____ when, for millions of people, it already has.
Finally, mockers（嘲笑）is a(n) _____119_____ guide to the future. When YouTube was launched in 2005, commentators wondered why anyone would what to watch spotty teenagers filming themselves in their bedrooms. The two decades, online dating has taken its place as a perfectly normal way to meet people. Smartphones are some of the bestselling devices ever built. In the 1990s their brick-sized predecessors were considered ridiculous status symbols for insecure investment bankers.
This does not mean every Silicon Valley brainwave will automatically succeed. Nor does it mean a fully grown metaverse will arrive overnight. But it does suggest that something metaverse -_____120_____ lying in the relatively near future is an idea worth taking seriously.
106. A. imagines B. runs C. launches D. concerns
107. A. essence B. existence C. particular D. doubt
108. A. participant B. subscriber C. enthusiast D. sceptic
109. A. commitment B. contribution C. integration D. exposure
110. A. Indeed B. Likewise C. However D. Otherwise
111. A. challenges B. prospects C. calculations D. experiences
112. A. images B. dialogues C. charts D. expressions
113. A. urge B. move C. motion D. proof
114. A. fundamental B. theoretical C. foreseeable D. futuristic
115. A. on its basis B. under its charge C. as its peak D. at best
116. A. competitions B. simulations C. outings D. weddings
117. A. hit B. listed C. fit D. occurred
118. A. bring about B. catch on C. die out D. settle down
119. A. inaccessible B. unparalleled C. unattainable D. unreliable
120. A. fueled B. equipped C. attached D. shaped
【答案与解析】这是一篇新闻。文章以冰岛旅游广告开头，引出元宇宙的概念，主要论述了脸书更名为“Meta”平台，从侧面昭示了元宇宙已真真切切地临近，现实社会与虚拟世界同构的时代正在呼啸而至。
106. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了吸引游客到冰岛旅游，这则广告在网上疯传。A. imagines想象；B. runs奔跑，持续，流行；C. 发表，发射；D. concerns关注，担忧。根据上文中“In the Iceland-verse, there’s ...”可知，引号内是在介绍冰岛旅游宣传广告，因此设计并在网上疯狂转发这则广告的目的是为了吸引更多游客来冰岛旅游，B项符合文意，表示广告持续被转发，流行于网络中。故选B项。
107. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：戏仿的特别目标是马克·扎克伯格，以及整个硅谷，对他们来说，"元宇宙 "的概念—一种当今二维互联网的三维续集，其中用户在身临其境的虚拟世界中工作、娱乐、买卖，已经成为最新的下一个大事件。A. essence本质；B. existence存在；C. particular尤其，详情；D. doubt疑虑。根据空格后“and Silicon Valley in general,”可推测，空格处与“in general”成对称关系，因此C项结合语境，最恰当，并表达出特别强调扎克伯格对元宇宙的解读过度，他将脸书改名为“Meta”的行为让人感到滑稽。故选C项。
108. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：冰岛旅游局并不是唯一持怀疑态度的人。A. participant参与者；B. subscriber用户，订阅者；C. enthusiast狂热爱好者；D. sceptic持怀疑者。根据后文“many assumed it was a PR stunt（公关伎俩）to divert attention from the social-media giant's scandals.”可知，很多人都认为扎克伯格将脸书改名的行为，只是一个公关噱头，目的是转移人们对这家社交媒体巨头丑闻的注意力。因此，后文在说明很多人都怀疑“元宇宙”的可行性，可推测出冰岛旅游局并不是唯一持怀疑态度的人。故选D项。
109. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：10月28日，扎克伯格将Facebook更名为元平台(Meta platform)，以表明他对这个新想法的决心时，许多人认为这是公关噱头，目的是转移人们对这家社交媒体巨头丑闻的关注。A. commitment信奉，承诺；B. contribution贡献；C. integration一体化，结合；D. exposure暴露。根据空格前扎克伯格将脸书更名“Meta”的行为，以及第一段中“The target of the parody（滑稽的模仿）is Mark Zuckerberg in 　　2　　, and Silicon Valley in general, for whom the idea of the ‘metaverse（元宇宙）’”都可以看出，马克·扎克伯格对“元宇宙”是持支持的态度，A项最符合文意。故选A项。
110. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但如果在这里停止分析，就太轻率了。A. Indeed确实；B. Likewise同样地；C. However然而；D. Otherwise否则。根据后文“There are good reasons to take the metaverse seriously.”可知，作者这里将开始论证“元宇宙”值得认真对待的理由。因此，空格处与下一句是承接关系，与上文是转折关系。故选C项。
111. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个是历史性的原因:随着计算机的功能越来越强大，它们产生的体验也越来越丰富。A. challenges挑战；B. prospects前景；C. calculations计算；D. experiences体验，经验。根据空格前“as computers have become more capable,”以及空格后“have become richer”由此可知，该句中只有D项“体验”与形容词“richer”搭配，表达出计算机的功能越强大，给人们带来的体验也会更丰富的意思。故选D项。
112. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：平面图像是在20世纪90年代添加的。A. images图像；B. dialogues对话；C. charts表格；D. expressions表达，表情。根据下文“Video came to dominate in the 2010s.”在介绍视频占主导地位的时间，可知此处是在介绍计算机产生的哪些体验和功能。因此，A项结合来看“平面图像”与下文的“视频”相对应，最为恰当。故选A项。
113. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这样看来，向三维空间迈进是计算机能力稳步增长的合理结果。A. urge冲动；B. move移动；C. motion运动；D. proof证据。根据空格后“a logical consequence of the steady growth in computing power”可知，此处着重强调“元宇宙”从开始的变化这种抽象概念，向三维空间迈进是计算机能力稳步增长的合理结果。而C项指的是具体运动的本身，因此B项表达出起始运动的含义。故选B项。
114. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种进展不仅仅是理论上的。A. fundamental基础的；B. theoretical理论的；C. foreseeable可预见的；D. futuristic未来的。根据下文“The video-game industry has been selling virtual worlds for years. "Ever Quest", an online game launched in 1999, had half a million subscribers 　　10　　.”作者以电子游戏行业中的虚拟空间和《无尽的任务》游戏为例，通过提出真实可靠的例子，说明“元宇宙”有实际性的进展，而不仅仅是停留在理论上。故选B项。
115. 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：《无尽的任务》，一款1999年发布的在线游戏，顶峰时期有50万用户。A. on its basis基本上；B. under its charge由……负责；C. as its peak在巅峰时期；D. at best充其量。根据空格前“had half a million subscribers”的游戏用户数量可推测出，通常介绍时会统计最多用户人数时期。因此，结合上下文文意来看C项最符合，强调出鼎盛时期的人数。故选C项。
116. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：(玩家很快就把它用于社交，甚至是婚礼，以及屠龙。) 5年后上映的《魔兽世界》达到了1200万。A. competitions竞赛；B. simulations模仿，仿真；C. outings远足；D. wedding结婚。根据空格前“Players quickly co-opted（选择）it for socializing,”可知，玩家们在玩《无尽的任务》这个游戏时，玩家还可以在游戏中进行虚拟社交和屠龙以及结婚，D项“wedding”与句中的“socializing”、“dragon-slaying”形式相同，都是动名词，而且这三种都属于游戏中的玩法。故选D项。
117. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：5年后上映的《魔兽世界》达到了1200万。A. hit达到，击打；B. listed列举；C. fit适合；D. occurred发生。根据空格后“12 million”可知，此处是在介绍“魔兽世界”这款游戏的用户人数，因此填写A项表示用户达到1200万，最恰当。故选A项。
118. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当一个想法已经被数百万人接受的时候，很难说它永远不会流行起来。A. bring out显现，推出；B. catch on流行起来；C. die out消失；D. settle down定居下来。根据空后“for millions of people, it already has.”可知，作者认为“元宇宙”这个想法会流行起来，即很难说不会流行，与后文的“it already has”相一致。故选B项。
119. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，冷嘲热讽是对未来的不可靠指南。A. inaccessible达不到的；B. unparalleled无与伦比的；C. unattainable不可得的；D. unreliable靠不住的。根据下文“Smartphones are some of the bestselling devices ever built. In the 1990s their brick-sized predecessors were considered ridiculous status symbols for insecure investment bankers.”由此可知，作者以智能手机的前身遭到人们嘲笑为例，说明这一段是在说人们的嘲笑，不是一个可靠的指导。故选D项。
120. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但它确实表明，在不远的将来，一些有关元宇宙形态的设想值得认真对待。A. fueled激起，补充燃料；B. equipped配备；C. attacked袭击；D. shaped具有……形状的。通读全文可知，文章是在介绍“元宇宙”这种新事物，但人们还并不十分明确，此处主要强调“元宇宙”这种东西的形态。故选D项。
9
Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather. Meteorologists (气象学家) and scientists alike are always investigating new ways to increase the warning time for storms, with the hope of reducing the ____121____ of lives. In the past few decades, local weather radar advancements have been made, which allow for better accuracy in ____122____ the paths of storms.
Meteorologists and scientists have been able to successfully track severe thunderstorms and possible tornadoes by using an advanced tracking system called NEXRAD (Next-Generation Radar). NEXRAD is a tracking network ____123____ 158 Doppler weather radars. And during a storm this high-resolution computerized ____124____ takes readings on the amount of precipitation (降水) in the air, the movements in the clouds, and the wind speeds.
These ____125____ are bounced back to a local weather computer, and a colorful image appears on the screen, giving meteorologists a clear picture of what kind of weather is on the horizon. This final image is what you see when the meteorologist breaks in with severe weather reports and warnings. Most ____126____, on your television screen you will see a computer animated image of the approaching storm.
If the storm is severe enough, then the National Weather Service (NWS) will ____127____ severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area. ____128____, the storm captured on the radar will have produced strong readable winds, detectable lightning, and some hail (冰雹). Paying attention to the weather map is ____129____ when severe weather is around.
On the television screen you will see several colors on the precipitation (降水量) map, ____130____ from blue (the lightest) to black (the heaviest). If the colors for your ____131____ area are yellow, take caution. If the colors range between orange and red, take cover immediately, as damaging winds and dangerous lightning have been reported.
When local weather radar in Atlanta, Georgia reported high winds, ____132____ wind patterns and large hail earlier this year, the National Weather Service issued a tornado ____133____. Meteorologists in the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take, ____134____ which areas needed to be warned.
Thanks to this technology, most residents received the severe weather reports early enough to seek ____135____ before the storm hit. Paying attention to your local weather source during severe weather plays a vital role in your safety.
121. A. loss B. increase C. protection D. value
122. A. changing B. controlling C. predicting D. guiding
123. A. faced with B. exposed to C. involved in D. made up of
124. A. structure B. system C. mode D. style
125. A. figures B. data C. readings D. statistics
126. A. likely B. evidently C. interestingly D. importantly
127. A. decide B. estimate C. handle D. issue
128. A. By the way B. In that case C. To some extent D. On the contrary
129. A. vital B. reasonable C. normal D. available
130. A. expanding B. spreading C. ranging D. extending
131. A. proper B. specific C. typical D. regular
132. A. straight B. unique C. general D. circular
133. A. process B. threat C. warning D. sign
134. A. indicating B. recognizing C. revealing D. recommending
135. A. rescue B. residence C. support D. shelter
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了增加风暴预警时间的新方法。
121. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：纵观历史，有许多人死于恶劣天气。气象学家和科学家都总是研究新的方法来增加对风暴的预警时间,希望减少生命的损失。A. loss损失；B. increase增加；C. protection保护；D. value价值。根据上文“Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather.（纵观历史，有许多人死于恶劣天气。）”可知，很多人因天气失去生命，因此这里是指减少生命的损失。故选A。
122. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几十年里，当地的天气雷达已经取得了进步，可以更好地预测风暴的路径。A. changing改变；B. controlling控制；C. predicting预测；D. guiding指导。根据上文“scientists alike are always investigating new ways to increase the warning time for storms（气象学家和科学家都总是研究新的方法来增加对风暴的预警时间）”可知，科学家研究的新方法是用来预测风暴的，因此这里是指雷达用来预测风暴。故选C。
123. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：NEXRAD是一个由158部多普勒天气雷达组成的跟踪网络。A. faced with面对；B. exposed to暴露于；C. involved in参与；D. made up of组成的。根据上文“by using an advanced tracking system called NEXRAD (Next-Generation Radar)（通过使用一种名为NEXRAD(下一代雷达)的先进跟踪系统）”可知，这个新发明的本质是雷达，因此这个新发明是由158个雷达构成的。故选D。
124. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在风暴中，这种高分辨率的电脑系统需要收集大量的降水数据，他们在云中的变化数据，以及风速。A. structure结构；B. system系统；C. mode模式；D. style风格。根据上文“an advanced tracking system（一种先进的跟踪系统）”可知，这是一套电脑系统。故选B。
125. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些读数被传回本地计算机，屏幕上就会出现彩色图像，让气象学家清楚地了解地平线上的天气状况。A. figures数字；B. data数据；C. readings读数；D. statistics统计数据。根据上文“takes readings on the amount of precipitation (降水) in the air（需要收集大量的降水读数）”可知，这里指的是上文收集的读数。故选C。
126. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后一张图片是气象学家发布恶劣天气报告和警告时所看到的。 最有可能的是，在你的电视屏幕上，你会看到即将到来的风暴的计算机动画图像。A. likely可能地；B. evidently显然地；C. interestingly有趣地；D. importantly重要地。根据上文“This final image is what you see when the meteorologist breaks in with severe weather reports and warnings.（最后一张图片是气象学家发布恶劣天气报告和警告时所看到的。）”可知，科学家把监测到的数据制成图片传递给人们，然后人们能够看到预警的图像。这是科学家们最可能实现的结果。故选A。
127. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果风暴足够严重，那么国家气象局(NWS)将发布你所在地区的严重雷暴警告的严重天气报告。A. decide决定；B. estimate估计；C. handle；D. issue发布。根据“National Weather Service (NWS)（国家气象局）”可知，气象局是发布天气预报的。故选D。
128. 考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：在这种情况下，雷达捕捉到的风暴将产生强可读的风、可探测的闪电和一些冰雹。A. By the way顺便一提；B. In that case在这种情况下；C. To some extent在某种程度上；D. On the contrary相反。根据上文“If the storm is severe enough（如果风暴足够大）”可知，只有在风暴发生后，在这种情况下，雷达捕捉到的风暴将产生强可读的风、可探测的闪电和一些冰雹。故选B。
129. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当天气恶劣时，注意天气图是至关重要的。A. vital重要的；B. reasonable合理的；C. normal正常的；D. available可用的。根据上文“strong readable winds, detectable lightning, and some hail (冰雹)（强风，闪电及冰雹）”以及下文“when severe weather is around.”可知，这些灾难有很强的破坏性，因此对此进行关注是非常重要的。故选A。
130. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在电视屏幕上您将看到几个颜色的降水量地图,从蓝色到黑色。A. expanding扩大；B. spreading传播；C. ranging变化；D. extending扩展。根据下文“If the colors range between orange and red（如果颜色在橙色和红色之间变化）” 可知，由于降水量不同，预警图颜色也会随之变化。故选C。
131. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果您的特定区域的颜色是黄色，请注意。A. proper正确的；B. specific特定的；C. typical 典型的；D. regular常规的。根据空前后“your area（你的区域）”以及“take caution”（注意）可知，自己所在的区域是每个人要关注的特定区域。故选B。
132. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当乔治亚州亚特兰大的当地气象雷达报告今年早些时候有强风、循环风模式和大冰雹时，国家气象局发布了龙卷风警报。A. straight直顺的；B. unique独特的；C. general一般的；D. circular循环的。根据下文“the National Weather Service issued a tornado（国家气象局发布龙卷风预警）”可知，龙卷风是由于循环的风的原因，故选D。
133. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年早些时候，美国国家气象局发布了龙卷风预警。A. process过程；B. threat威胁；C. warning警告；D. sign标志。根据下文“which areas needed to be warned（那些区域需要被预警）”可知，这里气象局发布的是预警信息。故选C。
134. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：该地区的气象学家利用收集到的数据预测风暴的路径，指出哪些地区需要得到警告。A. indicating指示；B. recognizing识别；C. revealing揭示；D. recommending推荐。根据上文“Meteorologists in the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take（该地区的气象学家利用收集到的数据预测风暴的路径）”，可知气象学家收集信息然后根据信息提示发布预警，故选A。
135. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏了这项技术，大多数居民都能及早收到恶劣天气的报告，以便在风暴袭来之前寻找避难所。A. rescue解救；B. residence住宅；C. support支持；D. shelter避难所。根据上文“most residents received the severe weather reports（大部分居民收到恶劣天气的预报）”可知，居民收到恶劣天气的预报可以采取措施避免收到人身损害，因此这里是找避难所。故选D。
10
If someone said they’d pay you 1,800 dollars to keep away from social media for six years, would you do it? Could you? Sivert Klefsaas did just that.
Lorna, Sivert Klefsaas’s mother, was____136____by a challenge she heard on the radio called the “16 for 16”, where a mother gave her daughter 1,600 dollars when she turned 16 if she____137____social media. She decided to extend for two extra years and offered 200 dollars____138____.
Sivert said it wasn’t that____139____to live without social media, and he didn’t think about it much during the six years. As a 12-year-old boy, Sivert said he wasn’t using social media much anyway. The only app he had prior to the____140____was Snapchat—which he deleted a day after trying it out.
“I would say there was____141____a point when I thought I was about to break without social media,” he said. “And as it went on, it was more of a pride thing.” He also had his friends to keep him up to date on the latest information or trends. “I got to avoid all the____142____drama that was on there,” Sivert added. Lorna said she never had to check for any apps her son Sivert____143____downloaded. “He’s so____144____and he wanted to prove he could make it,” she said. It also meant he had more time to focus on his grades and sports instead.
“We are certainly not against social media, yet it’s the_____145_____using of it that we care about,” Lorna noted. And her son had already decided on his first attempt at social media: getting Instagram. “There’s definitely a learning_____146_____,” Sivert said. “I see my friends _____147_____in their social media apps and I can’t do that quite well yet.”
Having heard what Sivert said, Lorna added, “It’s about not letting yourself get_____148_____down by it, or affected by the things people post online, or even_____149_____to it.” To her satisfaction, she thinks her son now has a “different_____150_____” on social media than he would have at age 12.
136. A. inspired B. encouraged C. advocated D. driven
137. A. stayed on B. stayed off C. stayed out D. stayed up
138. A. less B. most C. more D. least
139. A. common B. interesting C. difficult D. useful
140. A. barrier B. research C. game D. bet
141. A. seldom B. never C. ever D. even
142. A. awesome B. uncertain C. vital D. unnecessary
143. A. secretly B. publicly C. quietly D. cautiously
144. A. worried B. ashamed C. competitive D. delighted
145. A. constant B. accidental C. random D. healthy
146. A. condition B. process C. line D. result
147. A. excel B. hand C. get D. take
148. A. weighed B. put C. broken D. torn
149. A. applied B. addicted C. admitted D. exposed
150. A. beginning B. role C. impact D. view
【答案与解析】这是一篇新闻报道。本文讲述了一位母亲Lorna——Sivert Klefsaas的妈妈，从收音机中听闻一则挑战，让孩子连续四年远离社交媒体，如果成功则被奖励1,600美元。她受此启发将该挑战用于自己儿子Sivert Klefsaas身上，并且延长两年还多提供200美元的奖励。通过此项赌约，儿子Sivert Klefsaas不仅没有不适，反而获取了更多的成就感。文中母亲Lorna的态度并不是反对儿子接触社交媒体，只是想让孩子健康地使用它。
136. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sivert Klefsaas的母亲Lorna的灵感来自于她在广播中听到的一项名为“16换16”的挑战，一位母亲在女儿16岁时给她1600美元，如果她远离社交媒体。A. inspired启发；B. encouraged鼓励；C. advocated       倡导；D. driven驱使。根据下文“…by a challenge she heard on the radio called the ‘16 for 16’”及文中第一段可知母亲Lorna受到启发，把这个赌约用于自己儿子的身上，让他远离社交媒体。故选A项。
137. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Sivert Klefsaas的母亲Lorna的灵感来自于她在广播中听到的一项名为“16换16”的挑战，一位母亲在女儿16岁时给她1600美元，如果她远离社交媒体。A. stayed on继续停留；B. stayed off远离；C. stayed out呆在户外；D. stayed up熬夜。根据第一段中的“If someone said they’d pay you 1,800 dollars to keep away from social media for six years, would you do it?”可知，此处讲的是挑战的具体条件，与上文的“keep away from”呼应。故选B项。
138. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她决定再延长两年，并多付200美元。A. less更少；B. most最多；C. more更多；D. least最少。根据第一段中的“If someone said they’d pay you 1,800 dollars to keep away from social media for six years, would you do it?”和第二段中的“Lorna, Sivert Klefsaas’s mother, was by a challenge she heard on the radio called the ‘16 for 16...’”可知，Lorna是多给了Sivert 200美元。故选C项。
139. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Sivert说，没有社交媒体的生活并不是那么困难，他在这六年里也没怎么想过这个问题。A. common普通的；B. interesting有趣的；C. difficult困难的；D. useful有用的。根据下文“he didn’t think about it much during the six years”可知，Sivert觉得没有社交媒体的生活并不是很困难。故选C项。
140. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在打赌之前，他唯一使用的应用程序是Snapchat——在试用一天后他删除了它。A. barrier屏障；B. research研究；C. game游戏；D. bet打赌。根据上文语境可知，这里是指代Sivert和妈妈之间的赌约。故选D项。
141. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我会说，从来没有一个时刻，我认为我即将离开社交媒体。A. seldom很少；B. never从不；C. ever曾经；D. even甚至。根据“As a 12-year-old boy, Sivert said he wasn’t using social media much anyway.”可知，Sivert接受了脱离社交媒体六年的挑战，再根据下文“And as it went on, it was more of a pride thing.”可知，Sivert绝对不会有想打破这个赌约的时候，因此选择表示全部否定的副词never。故选B项。
142. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我得避免那些不必要的闹剧。A. awesome让人惊叹的；B. uncertain不确定的；C. vital重要的；D. unnecessary不必要的。根据“‘And as it went on, it was more of a pride thing.’ He also had his friends to keep him up to date on the latest information or trends.”可知，Sivert把远离社交媒体当作一件自豪的事情。他也寻求他的朋友告诉他最新的消息或趋势，因此他可以避开社交媒体上各种无谓的狗血剧情。所以选择unnecessary“不必要的，无用的”。故选D项。
143. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Lorna说，她从来不用检查儿子Sivert偷偷下载的任何应用程序。A. secretly秘密地；B. publicly公开地；C. quietly安静地；D. cautiously谨慎地。根据“he wanted to prove he could make it”可知，此处应该是说Lorna表示她从来不需要检查儿子是否偷偷下载了应用程序。故选A项。
144. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他太好胜了，他想证明自己能成功。A. worried担忧的；B. ashamed感到羞耻的；C. competitive好胜的；D. delighted高兴的。根据上文Sivert坚持自己的赌约及下文“...he wanted to prove he could make it”可知，他是一个具有胜负欲的人。故选C项。
145. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们当然不反对社交媒体，但我们关心的是如何健康地使用它。A. constant持续不断的；B. accidental意外的；C. random任意的；D. healthy健康的。根据“He’s so ________ and he wanted to prove he could make it,’ she said. It also meant he had more time to focus on his grades and sports instead.”和“We are certainly not against social media, yet…”可知，Lorna 的态度不是反对社交媒体而是让她的儿子健康地使用社交媒体。故选D项。
146. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这绝对是一个学习的过程。A. condition条件；B. process过程；C. line线条；D. result结果。根据上下文语境和“…and I can’t do that quite well yet.”可知，Sivert 认为要和他的朋友一样很好地使用社交媒体会是一个学习的过程。故选B项。
147. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看到我的朋友们在他们的社交媒体应用上做得很好，而我还不能做得很好。A. excel擅长；B. hand交；C. get得到；D. take带走。根据下文“…and I can’t do that quite well yet.”可知，Sivert不能很好地使用他的朋友使用得很好的社交媒体，所以可推出他的朋友们擅长使用那些社交软件。因此应是“excel in”意为“在……方面胜过或擅长”。故选A项。
148. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是关于不要让自己被它拖累，或被人们在网上发布的东西影响，甚至上瘾。A. weighed使烦恼；B. put放置；C. broken打破；D. torn撕碎。根据“It’s about not letting yourself get ________ down by it, or affected by the things people post online,…”可知，Lorna对社交媒体的态度是不要让使用者被社交媒体所拖累，或者被人们所分享的东西所影响。强调社交媒体会带来的危害。weigh down“使颓废，使压垮，拖累”。故选A项。
149. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是关于不要让自己被它拖累，或被人们在网上发布的东西影响，甚至上瘾。A. applied应用；B. addicted上瘾；C. admitted承认；D. exposed暴露。根据上一空可知此处讲的是社交媒体带来的危害，加上空前的“even”表示递进关系，因此选择addicted“沉迷于……”。故选B项。
150. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：令她满意的是，她认为儿子现在对社交媒体的看法与12岁时“不同”。A. beginning开始；B. role角色；C. impact影响；D. view观点。根据“To her satisfaction,…”可知，Lorna认为她的儿子现在对社交媒体有了与12岁时“不同的视角”。强调对同一事物前后不同的视角，选择view，意为“(理解或思维的)方式，方法”。故选D项。
11
Stephen Hawking remembered by his research student
Stephen was not so famous when I began my PhD at Cambridge in 1972, but his brilliance was already clear to his peers. On becoming his research student, I found it rather discouraging when I was informed by one of my tutors that Stephen was the brightest person in the department. _____151_____, it soon became evident that my relationship with him would not be the usual type of supervisor-student relationship. In those days, before he had his caretakers’ group of nurses and assistants, students would necessarily have to help him in various ways_____152_____ his disability. This was not an tough task, but it did mean that my relationship with him became quite _____153_____. Indeed, I shared an office with him, lived with his family for a while and _____154_____ him as he travelled around the world, giving talks and collecting medals.
I soon discovered some of Stephen’s unique _____155_____. The first, of course, was that he was very smart. Students are probably always in respect of their supervisors and with Stephen the respect was even greater. Indeed, on matters of physics, I always regarded him as an oracle(圣人), just a few words from him generating insights that would have taken weeks to_____156_____on my own. However, Stephen was only human and not all encounters led to inspiration. Once I asked a question about something that was _____157_____ me. He thought about it silently. His eyes then closed and I was even more impressed with myself because he was clearly having to think about it very deeply. Only after some time did it become clear that he had fallen asleep. Nowadays, I also sometimes fall asleep while talking to students, so I recall this incident with _____158_____.
I also learned about Stephen’s stubbornness and _____159_____ to continue doing things for himself as long as possible, despite the continuous progress of his illness. For example, because he had an office in both the department of applied mathematics and theoretical physics and the Institute of Astronomy at Cambridge, I also had offices in both places. I recall that he sometimes gave me a lift (probably illegally!) between the two places in his three-wheeled invalid car. I found this rather ______160______ because I thought he drove faster than was safe. Later, he had to discontinue the use of the car but he never lost his drive and the desire to travel as far and wide as possible. One ______161______ is he didn’t live long enough to achieve his dream of going into space.
I’m often asked where Stephen stands in the pantheon(名流群) of great physicists. There are many ways of being a great physicist and they cannot be ______162______ like runners in an Olympic race. Stephen himself never ______163______ to have the status of Newton or Einstein, but I strongly disagree with people who suggest that his scientific contributions have been ______164______ because of his symbolic status. His disability was clearly a factor in his becoming so famous, but I doubt any other ______165______ physicist will achieve the honor of being buried next to Isaac Newton in Westminster Abbey after his death.
151. A. Otherwise B. Nevertheless C. Moreover D. Therefore
152. A. in process of B. on account of C. in possession of D. accounting for
153. A. familiar B. similar C. close D. related
154. A. accompanied B. served C. treated D. entertained
155. A. habits B. habitats C. tempers D. characteristics
156. A. work out B. pick out C. put out D. lay out
157. A. bothering B. puzzling C. disordering D. suffering
158. A. amazement B. amusement C. disappointment D. astonishment
159. A. innovation B. evolution C. determination D. imagination
160. A. fairy B. chilly C. scary D. worthy
161. A. sympathy B. dream C. doubt D. regret
162. A. leveled B. classified C. ranked D. awarded
163. A. claimed B. appealed C. fastened D. applied
164. A. outnumbered B. emphasized C. outlined D. overstated
165. A. optimistic B. potential C. positive D. contemporary
【答案与解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了斯蒂芬·霍金被他的研究生铭记的故事。
151. 考查连接副词词义辨析。句意：当我成为他的研究生时，当我的一位导师告诉我斯蒂芬是系里最聪明的人时，我感到相当沮丧。然而，很快我就发现，我和他的关系将不是通常的师生关系。A. Otherwise否则；B. Nevertheless然而；C. Moreover另外；D. Therefore因此。根据前文“discouraging”与后文“would not be the usual type of supervisor-student relationship”，可知前后句意构成转折含义。故选B项。
152. 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：在那些日子里，在他有护理人员和助手之前，学生们必须以各种方式帮助他，因为他的残疾。A. in process of过程；B. on account of由于；C. in possession of拥有；D. accounting for说明。根据前文“have to help him”，可知是因为他的残疾。故选B项。
153. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这不是一项艰巨的任务，但这确实意味着我和他的关系变得非常亲密。A. familiar熟悉的； B. similar相似的；C. close亲密的；D. related相关的。根据上文提及我要帮助他，那么自然而然我们的关系就会亲密。故选C项。
154. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，我和他共用一间办公室，和他的家人一起住了一段时间，陪他周游世界，发表演讲，收集奖牌。A. accompanied陪伴；B. served服务；C. treated对待；D. entertained使开心。根据前文“his disability”，可知作者必须陪伴他。故选A项。
155. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很快发现了斯蒂芬的一些独特之处。A. habits习惯；B. habitats栖息地；C. tempers脾气；D. characteristics特征。根据后文“The first”，可知此处表达独特之处或特征。故选D项。
156. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，在物理学问题上，我一直把他视为一位预言家，他说的几句话就可以产生见解，而我自己要花上几周的时间才能得出这些见解。A. work out解出；B. pick out挑选；C. put out熄灭；D. lay out布局。根据前文“he was very smart”，可知自己要花上几周的时间才能得出这些见解。故选A项。
157. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次我问了一个令我困惑的问题。A. bothering麻烦；B. puzzling困惑；C. disordering扰乱；D. suffering遭受。根据前文“asked a question”，可知应该是困惑作者的问题才会问。故选B项。
158. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，我有时也会在与学生交谈时睡着，所以我愉快地回忆起这件事。A. amazement惊奇；B. amusement娱乐；C. disappointment失望；D. astonishment惊讶。根据前文“I also sometimes fall asleep while talking to students”，可知作者的心情应该是愉快的。故选B项。
159. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我还了解到斯蒂芬的固执和决心，尽管病情不断恶化，但他仍会尽可能长时间地为自己做事。A. innovation创新；B. evolution进化；C. determination决心；D. imagination想象。根据后文“continue doing things for himself”，可知斯蒂芬的固执和决心。故选C项。
160. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我觉得这很吓人，因为我觉得他开得太快了。A. fairy美丽的；B. chilly寒冷的；C. scary吓人的；D. worthy值得的。根据后文“he drove faster than was safe”，可知这速度是很吓人的。故选C项。
161. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：遗憾的是，他活得不够长，无法实现进入太空的梦想。A. sympathy同情；B. dream梦想；C. doubt怀疑；D. regret后悔。根据后文“he didn’t live long enough to achieve his dream”，可知这是应该很遗憾的事情。故选D项。
162. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：成为一名伟大的物理学家有很多方法，但它们不能像奥运会赛跑选手那样排名。A. leveled等级；B. classified分类；C. ranked排名；D. awarded获奖。根据后文“like runners in an Olympic race”，可知奥运会比赛是排名的。故选C项。
163. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬本人从未声称自己拥有牛顿或爱因斯坦的地位，但我强烈反对有人认为，由于他的象征地位，他的科学贡献被夸大了。A. claimed声称；B. appealed有吸引力；C. fastened紧固；D. applied申请。根据后文“have the status of Newton or Einstein”，可知斯蒂芬本人从未声称。故选A项。
164. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬本人从未声称自己拥有牛顿或爱因斯坦的地位，但我强烈反对有人认为，由于他的象征地位，他的科学贡献被夸大了。A. outnumbered寡不敌众；B. emphasized强调；C. outlined概述；D. overstated夸大。根据后文“because of his symbolic status”，结合上下文句意，可知作者是对霍金是非常尊敬的。故选D项。
165. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的残疾显然是他成名的一个因素，但我怀疑其他当代物理学家能否在他去世后获得与艾萨克·牛顿一起葬在威斯敏斯特大教堂的荣誉。A. optimistic乐观的；B. potential潜在的；C. positive积极的；D. contemporary当代的。根据后文“physicist will achieve the honor of being buried next to Isaac Newton in Westminster Abbey after his death”，可知作者所指是当代物理学。故选D项。
12
“Bookshops are places to let your imagination fly high, with so many possible ____166____ to discover,” says Laura Iverson. She is one of the ___167___ at Darling Reads bookshop in West Yorkshire, England.
For Iverson, the ___168___ thing about working in a bookshop is suggesting new books to readers. “___169___ beats that smile when they find the perfect book,” she says.____170____, when it comes to choosing the right one, she has some useful tips.
“Don’t feel you have to ___171___ a book because your friend likes it,” Iverson says. “ Stick to your own interests and choose what ___172___ you.”
She also ___173___ asking booksellers for suggestions because it could open your ___174___ to a new book or writer you would never have considered. “Bookshop staff are so ____175____ and absolutely love talking about books all day.”
Iverson says that one of her ____176____ books is Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. She remembers ____177____ reading it when she was around 12 years old, and not being able to put it ____178____. This is one of the things Iverson loves about reading. “No matter where you are, or what you’re doing, you can be ____179____ into another world, once you pick up a book that fascinates you, in just a few ____180____.”
166. A. talents B. documents C. reasons D. adventures
167. A. customers B. artists C. booksellers D. agents
168. A. hardest B. best C. easiest D. worst
169. A. Something B. Nothing C. Anything D. Everything
170. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Still
171. A. remember B. write C. provide D. pick
172. A. differs from B. appeals to C. contributes to D. brings out
173. A. admits B. delays C. recommends D. misses
174. A. mouth B. box C. eyes D. closet
175. A. relieved B. funny C. abnormal D. learned
176. A. favorite B. latest C. best D. perfect
177. A. seldom B. first C. last D. never
178. A. up B. on C. down D. out
179. A. driven B. transported C. changed D. shaped
180. A. minutes        ` B. weeks C. hours D. months
【答案与解析】这是一篇记叙文。Laura Iverson是一家书店的书商，她认为在书店工作最好的事情就是向读者推荐新书，并且对如何选择合适的书提出了有用的建议。文章还描述了她最喜欢的书，以及对阅读的看法。
166. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“书店是让你的想象力飞得很高的地方，有那么多可能的冒险可以发现，”劳拉·艾弗森说。A. talents才能；B. documents文件；C. reasons理由；D. adventures冒险。根据上文“Bookshops are places to let your imagination fly high”可知，此处指在书店里存在的可能的冒险。故选D。
167. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她是英国西约克郡达令阅读书店的一名书商。A. customers顾客；B. artists艺术家；C. booksellers书商；D. agents代理。根据后文“the best thing about working in a bookshop”可推测，Iverson是一名书店里推荐书籍的书商。且下文“asking booksellers for suggestions”也是提示。故选C。
168. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对艾弗森来说，在书店工作的最大好处就是向读者推荐新书。A. hardest最困难的，最坚硬的；B. best最好的；C. easiest最容易的，最简单的；D. worst最糟糕的。根据下文“when it comes to choosing the right one, she has some useful tips.”推知，艾弗森认为在书店工作的最大好处是向读者推荐新书。故选B。
169. 考查不定代词辨析。句意：“当他们找到一本完美的书时，没有什么能打败他们的微笑，”她说。A. Something某事；B. Nothing没有什么；C. Anything任何事；D. Everything一切。根据下文“when they find the perfect book”推知，当读者读到一本完美的书时，没有什么能打败他们的微笑。故选B。
170. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，在选择合适的书时，她有一些有用的建议。A. Moreover此外；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Still仍然。此处是对前文的补充，moreover符合语境。故选A。
171. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“不要觉得你必须因为朋友喜欢而选择一本书，”艾弗森说。A. remember记得；B. write写；C. provide提供；D. pick捡起，挑选。根据后文宾语“a book”可知此处指选择一本书。故选D。
172. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：坚持你自己的兴趣，选择吸引你的书。A. differs from不同于；B. appeals to吸引；C. contributes to导致，促成；D. brings out出版，使显示。根据前文“Stick to your own interests”可知，坚持你自己的兴趣，选择吸引你的书。故选B。
173. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她还建议向书商征求意见，因为这可以开阔你的眼界，让你看到一本你从未考虑过的新书或作家。A. admits承认；B. delays延迟；C. recommends推荐；D. misses错过。根据后文“asking booksellers for suggestions”可知，此处指建议向书商征求意见。故选C。
174. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她还建议向书商征求意见，因为这可以开阔你的眼界，让你看到一本你从未考虑过的新书或作家。A. mouth嘴；B. box盒子；C. eyes眼睛，眼界；D. closet壁橱。根据上文“because it could open your”可知，向书商征求意见可以开阔你的眼界。故选C。
175. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“书店的工作人员都很博学，他们绝对喜欢整天谈论书。”A. relieved宽慰的；B. funny有趣的；C. abnormal反常的；D. learned博学的。根据后文“absolutely love talking about books all day”可推测，书店的工作人员都很博学，故选D。
176. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：艾弗森说她最喜欢的书之一是《哈利波特与阿兹卡班的囚徒》。A. favorite最爱的；B. latest最新的；C. best最好的；D. perfect完美的。根据下文“This is one of the things Iverson loves about reading.”可推测，艾弗森说她最喜欢的书之一是《哈利波特与阿兹卡班的囚徒》。故选A。
177. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她记得第一次读这本书的时候大约是12岁，她无法把它放下。A. seldom很少；B. first第一次；C. last最后；D. never从不。根据后文“reading it when she was around 12 years old”可知，她12岁第一次读哈利波特，就爱不释于。故选B。
178. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她记得第一次读这本书的时候大约是12岁，她无法把它放下。A. (put) up提出；B. (put) on穿上；C. (put) down放下；D. (put) out熄灭。结合上文“and not being able to put it”可知，此处表示对书爱不释手。短语be not able to/cannot put the book down 表示“对一本书爱不释手”故选C。
179. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论你在哪里，或者你在做什么，只要你拿起一本让你着迷的书，几分钟之内，你就会被带到另一个世界。A. driven驾驶；B. transported运输；C. changed改变；D. shaped塑造。根据后文“into another world”可知，此处指阅读时你会被传送到另一个世界。故选B。
180. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论你在哪里，或者你在做什么，只要你拿起一本让你着迷的书，几分钟之内，你就会被带到另一个世界。A. minutes分钟；B. weeks周；C. hours小时；D. months月。根据上文“once you a pick up a book that fascinates you, in a matter of”可知，此处指看书的几分钟之内，应用minutes。故选A。