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精品解析：重庆市国本中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份精品解析：重庆市国本中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版），共25页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7， B等内容，欢迎下载使用。
国本中学2022-2023学年度高二上学期期末考试
英语试卷
全卷满分150分考试用时120分钟。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的ABC三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?
A. The Summer Palace. B. The radio. C. The weather.
2. What kind of music does the woman like better?
A. Pop music. B. Light music. C. Classical music.
3. Why does the woman think that waiting for connecting flights is NOT a waste of time?
A. Because she can use the time to do some reading.
B. Because she can use the time to do some offices work with a computer.
C. Because she uses the time to shop in the duty-free shops.
4. How many boys are there in the class?
A. 40. B. 22. C. 18.
5. What are the two speakers talking about?
A. Having a discussion. B. Drawing a picture. C. Looking for some mistakes.
第二节(共15小题每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How many topics has the woman chosen?
A. Three. B. Two. C. One.
7. Which topic the man thinks is the best?
A Teachers’ Day. B. The Davos Forum. C. Beijing Pop Music Festival.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. How much does the man want to be promoted?
A. A 5% raise. B. A 10% raise. C. A 15% raise.
9. What’s the result?
A. The man will not be promoted.
B. The man will be fired.
C. Not clear.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What does the man suggest at the beginning?
A. Going back. B. Going shopping. C. Going to the theater.
11. How soon will the theater start?
A. One hour later. B. Two hours later. C. Four hours later.
12. How does the man suggest going to the theater?
A. By taxi. B. By bus. C. By subway.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is wrong with Kelly?
A. He has got a flu. B. He has got a cold. C. He has got a toothache.
14. Has Kelly gone to see a doctor?
A. Yes. B. No. C. He is on the way to hospital.
15. What is the woman going to do for Kelly?
A. Fetch a doctor.
B. Buy some medicine.
C. Tell Mr. Morley and cancel the appointments for today.
16. When will Kelly call the woman to tell her what he thinks?
A. At noon. B. Later this afternoon. C. Later this evening.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. In the United States, which state is the nearest to Alaska?
A. Texas. B. Washington State. C. Hawaii.
18. What’s the weather like in Alaska?
A. It’s hot all the year round.
B. It’s very cold everywhere.
C. The weather is variable.
19. Which state has the longest coastline among all US states?
A. Alaska. B. New York. C. California.
20. Why do people use planes or boats to travel around Alaska?
A. Because it is wild and there aren’t many roads.
B. Because there are a lot of dangerous wild animals in the forests.
C. Because visitors are not permitted to take buses or trains in Alaska.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2.5分，满分50分)
A
What’s On?
Electric Underground
7.30pm－1.00am Free at the Cyclops Theatre
Do you know who’s playing in your area? We’re bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce you music.
Gee Whizz
8.30pm-10.30pm Comedy at Kaleidoscope
Come and see Gee Whizz perform. He’s the funniest stand-up comedian(喜剧演员) on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐).
Simon’s Workshop
5.00pm-7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage
This is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.
Charlotte Stone
8.00pm-11.00pm Pizza World
Fine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta(面食). Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.
1. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?
A. Jules Skye. B. Gee Whizz.
C. Charlotte Stone. D. James Pickering.
2. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?
A. The Cyclops Theatre B. Kaleidoscope
C. Victoria Stage D. Pizza World
3. What do we know about Simon’s Workshop?
A. It requires membership status. B. It lasts three hours each time.
C. It is run by a comedy club. D. It is held every Wednesday.
4. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?
A. 5.00pm-7.30pm. B. 7.30pm－1.00am.
C. 8.00pm-11.00pm. D. 8.30pm-10.30pm.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C
【解析】
【分析】本文属于广告类阅读。文章列出了四则广告，介绍了四种活动的详细内容。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一则广告中倒数第一、二句If so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music.可知，Jules Skye是一位成功的唱片制作人，如果你想做音乐的的话可以去找他。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二则广告中This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest.可知，这场表演能让所有年龄段的人都很开心。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三则广告中“5.00 pm-7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage”可知，Simon’s Workshop的表演是在每周三下午5点至7点30之间进行。故D项正确。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四则广告“8.00pm-11.00pm Pizza World”可知，Charlotte Stone将在晚上8点至11点之间表演她最受欢迎的歌曲。故C项正确。
B
Dmitry Doronin, a doctoral student from Russia, is keen (热衷的) to share his experience in rural villages in Zhejiang with his 1.4 million followers online.
Since Dmitry started to live in the countryside last August, the 32-year-old has created hundreds of video clips that record the relaxing lifestyle in Hengzhang village, Lishui city. “The rice is grown in the fields together with fish, which helps to increase local agricultural (农业的) products,” said Dmitry, while introducing products from Hengzhang village on the popular Chinese short-video platform Douyin. Besides filming videos, Dmitry also enjoys working with farmers in the fields, doing activities such as planting vegetables and feeding chickens.
Living in a village provides him with unique experiences, he says, quite different from busy life in big cities, such as Shanghai, where he studies. And he has been a pleasant surprise to the villagers as well. Villager Bao Mingyue, 76, says, “To our surprise, the young Russian not only knows how to cook Chinese food but is interested in working in the fields.”
Because of the outbreak of COVID-19, the sales of local agricultural products had dropped rapidly, so Dmitry volunteered to help sell the products in his videos. In a few months, 10, 000 kilograms of oranges, 4, 000 kilograms of dried sweet potatoes and 300 kilograms of honey had been sold.
“Thanks to his videos, it seems that more tourists have come to visit our village,” says 72-year-old Pan Xianyu, who is very pleased to see the great changes in her hometown. Dmitry loves his country life. “In the countryside, you can immerse (沉浸) yourself in the traditional way of life and understand this country better,” he says.
According to Dmitry, some Russians’ opinions about China are still out of date, although China has progressed greatly. “I would like to become a people-to-people envoy (使者) of friendship between the two countries by using the Internet,” he says.
5. It can be learnt from the passage that Dmitry .
A. is good at doing farm work B. sells farmers’ products in Russia
C. gets much attention on the Internet D. has lived in the countryside for years
6. The underlined word “unique” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ”.
A. common B. special C. similar D. hard
7. The purpose of Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5 is to .
A. show Dmitry’s influence on Hengzhang village
B. explain why the sales of sweet potatoes dropped
C. make more tourists interested in Hengzhang village
D. advise people to buy the products of Hengzhang village
8. Dmitry hopes to help Russians to .
A. improve their lives more quickly B. make rapid progress in farming
C. study Chinese traditional way of life D. have a better understanding of China
【答案】5. C 6. B 7. A 8. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是Dmitry Doronin是一名来自俄罗斯的博士生，他热衷于在网上与140万粉丝分享他在浙江农村的经历。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Dmitry Doronin, a doctoral student from Russia, is keen (热衷的) to share his experience in rural villages in Zhejiang with his 1.4 million followers online.(Dmitry Doronin是一名来自俄罗斯的博士生，他热衷于在网上与140万粉丝分享他在浙江农村的经历)”可知，他有140万粉丝，说明他在网上得到了很多关注。故选C。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段的“quite different from busy life in big cities, such as Shanghai(与上海等大城市的繁忙生活截然不同)”可知，他在农村的经历是独特的，划线词unique意为“独特的”，和special意思相近，故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a few months, 10, 000 kilograms of oranges, 4, 000 kilograms of dried sweet potatoes and 300 kilograms of honey had been sold.(几个月内，1万公斤橙子、4000公斤干红薯和300公斤蜂蜜被售出)”和第五段的“Thanks to his videos, it seems that more tourists have come to visit our village(多亏了他的视频，似乎有更多的游客来参观我们的村庄)”可知，第四段和第五段的目的是展示Dmitry对Hengzhang村的影响，故选A。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“According to Dmitry, some Russians’ opinions about China are still out of date, although China has progressed greatly. “I would like to become a people-to-people envoy (使者) of friendship between the two countries by using the Internet,” he says.(Dmitry认为，尽管中国取得了巨大进步，但一些俄罗斯人对中国的看法仍然过时。他说:“我想通过互联网成为两国人民之间的友谊使者。”)”可知，Dmitry希望帮助俄罗斯人对中国有更好的了解。故选D。
C
In a study involving sweat samples from 335 people, trained dogs sniffed out 97 percent of the coronavirus cases that had been identified by PCR tests and all 31 COVID-19 cases among 192 people who didn’t have symptoms, researchers reported.
These findings are evidence that dogs could be effective for mass screening efforts at places such as airports or concerts and may provide friendly alternatives for testing people who fear the tests, says Dominique Grandjean in France.
Dogs’ noses also identified more COVID-19 cases than did antigen (抗原) tests, but sometimes mistook another virus for the coronavirus, Grandjean and colleagues found. What’s more, evidence suggests the dogs can pick up cases 48 hours before people test positive by PCR.
In the study, dogs were trained in coronavirus detection by rewarding them with toys—usually tennis balls. “It’s playtime for them,” Grandjean says. It takes about three to six weeks, depending on the dog’s experience with odor detection, to train a dog to pick out COVID-19 cases from sweat samples. For detection, the dogs sniffed used face masks or housing sweat samples collected from human volunteers’ underarms. Results showed that dogs perform as well as or even better than PCR tests for detecting the virus that causes COVID-19, Furton says. He and colleagues have used dogs at schools, a music festival and in a small trial screening airline employees for coronavirus infections.
One of the biggest advantages dogs have over other tests is their speed, Furton says. “Even with what we call a rapid test, you’re still going to have to wait tens of minutes or even hours, where the dog in a matter of seconds can make a response.” However, dogs take time to train and there currently aren’t even enough dogs trained to detect explosives, let alone diseases, Otto says.
Another drawback is that people don’t think of them as high-tech, though they’re one of the highest-tech devices we have.
9. What can we learn about the study from the first paragraph?
A. Dogs were trained to test COVID-19.
B. Sweat samples are perfect to test COVID-19.
C. Dogs can identify most COVID-19 cases.
D. PCR tests failed to meet public expectation.
10. What’s the disadvantage of using dogs for COVID-19 tests?
A. Dogs may be unfriendly to people when doing tests.
B. Dogs lack experience dealing with large screens.
C. Dogs may need a long time to identify the disease.
D. Dogs may recognize other diseases as coronavirus.
11. What can we infer about trained dogs according to Furton?
A. They perform well at detecting COVID-19 virus.
B. They do better at detecting explosives than viruses.
C. They are widely used in public places like schools.
D. They like to be rewarded with toys after training.
12. How does Otto view getting dogs to do COVID-19 tests?
A. Supportive. B. Disapproving. C. Fearful. D. Confident.
【答案】9. C 10. D 11. A 12. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们的研究证明，用狗来对人进行新冠检测，检测的结果高效、准确，但是狗需要培训才能从事这种检测任务，这就使原本很紧张的警犬资源更加短缺。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段内容“In a study involving sweat samples from 335 people, trained dogs sniffed out 97 percent of the coronavirus cases that had been identified by PCR tests and all 31 COVID-19 cases among 192 people who didn’t have symptoms, researchers reported.(研究人员报告说，在一项涉及335人的汗液样本的研究中，经过训练的狗嗅出了PCR检测中97%的冠状病毒病例，以及192名没有症状的人中的全部31例COVID-19病例。)”可知，这项研究是让经过训练的狗去闻来自人体的汗水样品，结果，这些狗把人群中97%的新冠病例和全部的31例无症状都识别出来了，即，这些狗能识别大部分的新冠病例。故选C项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Dogs’ noses also identified more COVID-19 cases than did antigen tests, but sometimes mistook another virus for the coronavirus, Grandjean and colleagues found.(Grandjean和同事们发现，狗的鼻子也比抗原测试能识别更多的COVID-19病例，但有时会把另一种病毒误认为冠状病毒。)”说到狗被用来识别新冠病人时，有时候会把别的病毒当作新冠病毒。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段内容“Results showed that dogs perform as well as or even better than PCR tests for detecting the virus that causes COVID-19, Furton says.(Furton说，结果显示，在检测导致COVID-19的病毒方面，狗狗的表现与PCR测试一样好，甚至更好。)”可知，训练之后的狗在检测出导致新冠肺炎的病毒方面与PCR的检测效果一样会，甚至更好，由此可推知，它们在检测COVID-19病毒方面表现良好。故选A项。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容“However, dogs take time to train and there currently aren’t even enough dogs trained to detect explosives, let alone diseases, Otto says.(然而，Otto说，狗需要时间来训练，目前甚至没有足够的狗训练来探测爆炸物，更不用说疾病了。)”可知，在Otto看来，训练狗用于新冠病毒的检测需要时间，而当前检查炸药的警犬尚且不够用，更何况检测疾病。从这句话判断，他的态度是“不赞成”。故选B项。
D
When it comes to work, workers, and jobs, much of the concern of the modern age boils down to the fear that we’re witnessing the final stage of the game, and that there will be nowhere for humans to withdraw as machines take over the last few tasks. The most recent example comes from the use of artificial intelligence (AI). Is there no area of human experience that can’t be replaced by AI? And if not, what is left for humans to do except the tasks involved in taking care of the machines?
At the heart of this concern is our desire for good jobs — jobs that make the most of workers’ natural abilities and where the work provides the worker with motivation and work-life balance. More importantly, good jobs support workers in learning by doing — and, in so doing, deliver benefits on three levels: to the worker, who gains in personal development and job satisfaction; to the organization, which reforms as staff find new problems to solve and opportunities to pursue; and to the community as a whole, which harvests the economic benefits of hosting positive organizations and workers. This is what makes good jobs productive for the organization, as well as engaging and fulfilling for the worker.
Does the ongoing advance of AI threaten to get rid of all the learning, creativity, and meaning that make a job a good job? Certainly, some have blamed technology for just such an outcome. Headlines today often express concern over technological innovation resulting in bad jobs for humans, or even the complete disappearance of certain professions. Some fear that further technology advancement in the workplace will result in jobs where employees are being asked to work in split times or for longer periods over more days.
The problem here isn’t the technology; rather, it’s the way the technology is used — and, more than that, the way people think about using it.
13. What is the passage mainly about?
A. How to take care of the AI machines.
B. The relations between workers and jobs.
C. The human’s fears in the age of AI.
D. Human experiences were replaced by AI.
14. What jobs are supposed to be good according to the passage?
A. Those that mainly have the economic benefits.
B. The ones that offer chances to progress professionally.
C. Those that make full use of workers’ motivation.
D. The ones that don’t bring new problems to workers.
15. How do news media respond to the development of AI?
A. Negative. B. Supportive. C. Optimistic. D. Unknown.
16. What will the author probably talk about next?
A. The future jobs humans will do.
B. The application of AI in the future.
C. The ways that humans do jobs.
D. The proper attitude towards AI.
【答案】13. C 14. B 15. A 16. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能时代人类的恐惧。
【13题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“When it comes to work, workers, and jobs, much of the concern of the modern age boils down to the fear that we’re witnessing the final stage of the game, and that there will be nowhere for humans to withdraw as machines take over the last few tasks.(当谈到工作、工人和任务时，现代社会的许多担忧都可以归结为一种恐惧：我们正在见证游戏的最后阶段，当机器接管最后几项任务时，人类将无处可退)”并结合下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了人工智能时代人类的恐惧。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“More importantly, good jobs support workers in learning by doing — and, in so doing, deliver benefits on three levels(更重要的是，好的工作支持员工在实践中学习，并在这样做的过程中，在三个层面上为员工带来好处)”可知，好的工作是能提供职业进步的机会。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Headlines today often express concern over technological innovation(革新) resulting in bad jobs for humans, or even the complete disappearance of certain professions.(今天的头条新闻经常表达对技术创新导致人类的坏工作，甚至某些职业的完全消失的担忧)”可知，新闻媒体对于人工智能的发展的态度是消极的。故选A。
【16题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The problem here isn’t the technology; rather, it’s the way the technology is used —— and, more than that, the way people think about using it.(这里的问题不在于技术；而是技术的使用方式，更重要的是人们考虑使用它的方式)”可知，本段介绍了真正的问题所在——人类考虑如何适用讲述。从而推断接下来作者可能会谈论如何正确对待AI。故选D
E
A highly expected project to get plastic out of the massive pool of ocean debris (碎片) is ready to begin its first period from Alameda, California. The creators of the project, called the Ocean Cleanup, say their system can remove 90 percent of the plastic in the ocean by 2040.
It’s those larger pieces that the cleanup system will stop. The system features a 600-meter-long line of unmoored booms (未停泊的水栅) that act as an artificial shoreline traveling with the wind, waves and ocean currents while rounding up plastic debris. Beneath the surface, the booms drag a 3-meter-long skirt, through which only the tiniest bits of plastic can escape. Currents will naturally push the line of booms into a U-shape, herding plastic particles (颗粒) so they’re easier to collect.
The booms are also tricked out with solar-powered lights, anti-collision (防冲撞) systems and satellite positioning to avoid ships and help project scientists keep track of the system’s location. Periodically, support ships will cart the collected plastic bits back to land for recycling.
The launch of “System 001” will be a test for the first of a planned fleet of about 60 such systems. Once launched, System 001 will undergo two weeks of field testing off the California coast, Lebreton says. If all goes well, it will head to the North Pacific, arriving within five weeks of the launch date. “We’re hoping to bring the first plastic back before the end of the year,” he says.
The Ocean Cleanup representatives say their project is meant to work consistently with such upstream measures. “Even while trying to change human behaviors, it’s still worth trying to remove whatever is already out there floating near the surface. The whole point is that we want to try to collect as much as possible,” Lebreton says.
Whatever the result of this deployment, some experts trying to tackle the plastic trash problem applaud the Ocean Cleanup for raising awareness around the issue.
17. What can we know about the cleanup system?
A. It has been launched for several times. B. It’s also called the Ocean Cleanup.
C. People don’t think much of it. D. It may remove most large ocean plastic.
18. What’s the use of the skirt the booms drag?
A. Acting as a shoreline. B. Traveling with waves.
C. Collecting plastic particles. D. Pushing booms’ line into a U-shape.
19. What does the underlined part “tricked out” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Equipped. B. Filled. C. Covered. D. Poured.
20. How do some experts view the Ocean Cleanup?
A. It’s vital for protecting the ocean from plastic waste.
B. It contributes to informing people of ocean pollution.
C. It’s far from perfect and needs improvement before use.
D. It has won applause from ocean-protection organizations.
【答案】17. D 18. C 19. A 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一个备受期待的项目可以从大量海洋碎片中提取塑料，到2040年，这个系统可以去除海洋中90%的塑料。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The creators of the project, called the Ocean Cleanup, say their system can remove 90 percent of the plastic in the ocean by 2040.(这个名为“海洋清理”的项目的创建者表示，到2040年，他们的系统可以清除海洋中90%的塑料)”和第二段第一句“It’s those larger pieces that the cleanup system will stop.(清理系统会截留下那些更大的碎片)”可知，清理系统可能会去除大部分海洋塑料。故选D。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Beneath the surface, the booms drag a 3-meter-long skirt, through which only the tiniest bits of plastic can escape. Currents will naturally push the line of booms into a U-shape, herding plastic particles (颗粒) so they’re easier to collect.(在海面下，围油栅拖着一条3米长的裙子，只有最微小的塑料碎片可以从中逃脱。水流会自然地将吊杆线推成U形，聚集塑料颗粒，以便更容易收集)”可知，吊杆拖的裙子外罩是为了收集塑料颗粒，故选C。
【19题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“with solar-powered lights, anti-collision (防冲撞) systems and satellite positioning to avoid ships and help project scientists keep track of the system’s location(太阳能灯、防撞系统和卫星定位，以避开船只，并帮助项目科学家跟踪系统的位置)”可知，这个设备还配有太阳能灯、防碰撞系统和卫星定位设施，故画线词意思是“配有”。故选A。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whatever the result of this deployment, some experts trying to tackle the plastic trash problem applaud the Ocean Cleanup for raising awareness around the issue.(无论这一部署的结果如何，一些试图解决塑料垃圾问题的专家对“海洋清理”提高人们对这一问题的认识表示赞赏)”可推知，他们认为这个项目能起到让人们了解海洋污染问题的作用。故选B。
第二节 七选五(共10小题;每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读并从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有两项为多余选项。
(1)
How to improve your studies—scientifically
Our brain can possibly memorize 2. 5 petabytes（千兆）of information. In order to use some of that surprising capacity（能力）a little more effectively when you learn, here are some tips that are based on widely-accepted research by learning experts.
___21___
Some enjoy watching videos over reading books others study with friends, and some like sitting in silence among a million books. Everybody is different.
Hard things first
___22___ , so do the things that are difficult first. Once you are done with the hard things, you will feel better for the rest of the day, and probably more motivated to get other things done.
Space（分隔开）your studies
___23___ . Facts or vocabularies, for example, are best learned if you review them the first time one to two days after the study, and then again after one week, and after one month.
Instant self-test
After your study, finish up with a quick quiz. Immediate recall in the form of a test or a short summary on what you’ve just learned can increase retention（记忆力）by as much as 30%. ___24___, that extra effort creates deeper traces（痕迹）in your memory.
Don’t force it
Motivation is like hunger. You cannot force yourself to be motivated, just like you can’t tell someone else to be hungry. So, if you are not hungry right now, don’t worry. ___25___.
A. Take fun seriously
B. Find your own style
C. Take a break, and do something else
D. Good memory can grow your brain’s potential
E. Because it’s much harder for your brain to remember than to read
F. Like most people you have the strongest willpower in the morning.
G. to remember things for a longer time, repeat the material after taking several breaks
【答案】21. B 22. F 23. G 24. E 25. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了科学地提升学习能力的五种技巧。
【21题详解】
由“Some enjoy watching videos over reading books, others study with friends, and some like sitting in silence among a million books. Everybody is different.”可知，有些人喜欢看视频而不是读书，有些人喜欢和朋友一起学习，还有一些人喜欢静静地坐在百万本书籍中间。每个人都不一样。所以本段主要在说明读者应找到自己的学习方式也就是小题1本段标题说明的内容。故B选项“找到自己的学习方式”符合句意。故B选项切题。
【22题详解】
由“so do the things that are difficult first”可知，所以先做困难的事情。所以通过so可以判断出小题2与后一句在句意上是承接关系。故F选项“像大多数人一样，你早上意志力最强”符合句意。故F选项切题。
【23题详解】
由“ Facts or vocabularies, for example, are best learned if you review them the first time one to two days after the study, and then again after one week, and after one month.”可知，例如，如果你在学习后的一到两天、一周后和一个月后对所学的信息或词汇进行复习，你就会学得最好。所以小题3要总说为了更长时间地记住事情，休息几次后重复所学内容，然后接下文具体说间隔的时间。故G选项“为了更长时间地记住事情，休息几次后重复所学内容”符合句意。故G选项切题。
【24题详解】
由“ Immediate recall in the form of a test or a short summary on what you’ve just learned can increase retention（记忆力）by as much as 30%.”可知，以测验或以简短总结的形式对刚学过的内容进行即时回忆，可以将记忆提高30%。所以小题4要说明是什么原因导致了以测验或以简短总结的形式对刚学过的内容进行即时回忆，可以将记忆提高30%。故E选项“因为对你的大脑来说，记忆要比阅读困难得多”符合句意。故E选项切题。
【25题详解】
由本段小标题“Don’t force it”以及So, if you are not hungry right now, don’t worry”可知,作者在本段中建议学习时不要勉强自己。所以如果没有动力,那就休息一会儿,做点别的事情。故C选项“休息会儿,做点别的事情”符合句意。故C选项切题。
【点睛】找出句子之间的连接性的词语是解决7选5题型的重要解题方法， 文章的语句间的组合，除了从语句间的意义关系分析外，还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握，因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系有承接关系（如 so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等）平列关系（如first, second, third…; firstly, secondly, thirdly…; first, next, then…; in the first place, in the second place…; for one thing, for another thing…;to begin with, to conclude 等）。转折关系（如 however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, otherwise 等）。层递关系（如 also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what’s more, too, either, neither, not…but…, not only…but also 等）。
由“so do the things that are difficult first”可知，所以先做困难的事情。所以通过so可以判断出小题2与后一句在句意上是承接关系。故F选项“像大多数人一样，你早上意志力最强”符合句意。故小题2的正确选项为F选项。
(2)
It’s estimated that families in the UK create more than six million tonnes of food waste each year. With food prices rising, it’s a good time to become a food-waste fighter. ___26___ After all, growing, packaging and transporfing food uses a lot of Earth’s resources such as energy and water.
___27___First, it’s a good idea to find out just how much food goes into your rubbish can. Keep a diary and note down the foods that get thrown most often, and why.
Planning meals for the week can save time and money. Meat from a Sunday roast could go into sandwiches on Monday. Bananas that are brown and soft can be baked into banana bread at the weekend. ___28___
Cooking the correct size helps too. Weigh out pasta or rice you need before you cook it. Before you pile your plate, check how hungry you are. ___29___
It’s hard to keep track of food that’s gone to the hack of the fridge. You could label a shelf an “Eat me first”spot for anything that has been there a while. ___30___ You can freeze leftovers in a sealed container for another day. But heat any leftovers put in a fridge thoroughly before eating.
Finally, use your senses. Some UK supermarkets have taken “best before” dates off fruit and vegetables. This can encourage people to use their nose and eyes to work out if something is still fine to eat. Ask an adult to help. Don’t forget to update your diary to see how much change you can make.
A. Your freezer is another way to save food.
B. Not only will it save money, it is good for the environment.
C. This may prevent you from leaving food because you’re too full.
D. Potatoes and carrots last a long time if kept in a cool, dark place.
E. Apples, bananas, and potatoes are the most common wasted items.
F. Read the instruction carefully to make sure that you use it properly.
G. Here are some simple tips that can help you become food-waste fighters.
【答案】26. B 27. G 28. D 29. C 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们在家里如何节约粮食，减少浪费。
【26题详解】
根据前文“With food prices rising, it’s a good time to become a food-waste fighter.(随着食品价格的上涨，这是一个成为食物浪费斗士的好时机。)”可知，此处召我们做一个与食物浪费做斗争的战士，后文应该强调这样做的意义。B选项“Not only will it save money, it is good for the environment.(它不仅省钱，对环境也有好处。)”承接前文。故选B。
【27题详解】
根据后文“First, it’s a good idea to find out just how much food goes into your rubbish can. (首先，找出你的垃圾桶里到底有多少食物是个好主意。)”可知，设空处应该作为文章的过渡句承上启下，即针对如何节约粮食，减少粮食提出具体建议。G选项“Here are some simple tips that can help you become food-waste fighters.(这里有一些简单的建议，可以帮助你成为食物浪费的斗士。)”符合语境。故选G。
【28题详解】
根据前文“Bananas that are brown and soft can be baked into banana bread at the weekend.(棕色柔软的香蕉可以在周末烤成香蕉面包。)”强调的是如何利用前一天剩下的食物，设空处应该与此构成并列结构。D选项“Potatoes and carrots last a long time if kept in a cool, dark place.( 土豆和胡萝卜如果放在阴凉处可以保存很长时间。)”强调土豆和胡萝卜如何存放能保存更久，与前文承接。故选D。
【29题详解】
根据前文“Before you pile your plate, check how hungry you are.(在你把盘子堆起来之前，检查一下你有多饿。)”可知，此处强调吃饭之前先弄清楚自己的饥饿程度，后文应该承接的是这样做法的结果。C选项“This may prevent you from leaving food because you’re too full.(这可以防止你因为太饱而留下食物。)”中的this指代前文的行为，承接前文。符合语境。故选C。
【30题详解】
根据后文“You can freeze leftovers in a sealed container for another day. But heat any leftovers put in a fridge thoroughly before eating.(你可以把剩饭剩菜放在密封的容器里冷冻一天。但是在吃之前，把剩下的食物放到冰箱里彻底加热。)”可知，此处是列举如何利用冰箱来存放本来可能被丢掉的食物。A选项“Your freezer is another way to save food.(冰箱是另一种节省食物的方法。)”中的freezer与后文的a sealed container相呼应，引起下文。故选A。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共30小题;每小题1分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的ABCD四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A
Growing up in Melbourne, Australia, I was one of those naughty(淘气的) little kids that never, ever stopped asking “Why?”. I used to ask my mum the most annoying questions. As a “why” kid, I thought everything ___31___ can be changed and I could make the world better.
When I was in my high school, I ___32___ the chance to go to the Philippines to learn more due to my good ___33___ at school. It was there that I became friends with Sonny, who lived on “Smoky Mountain”. But don’t let the romance (浪漫) of that name ___34___ you, because it was ___35___ a pile(堆) of steaming garbage where kids like Sonny spent hours every single day finding anything of ___36___.
Those days with Sonny changed my life forever. I thought to myself, “Why should anyone have to ___37___ like this while I have so much? Why should Sonny’s life be ___38___ by where he was born?”
I later ___39___ that the poverty (贫穷) I’d seen in the Philippines was the result of decisions made or not made. That’s ____40____, a few years later, I joined with a group of college friends in bringing the Make Poverty History campaign to Australia. And to our ____41____, the Australian government heard our voices and agreed to double investment and fix the problem miles outside of our borders.
Over all these years, I’ve tried to reconnect with Sonny. ____42____, I’ve been unable to. I’d love to sit down with him, wherever he is, and ____43____ with him how much the time I spent on “Smoky Mountain” ____44____ me. Thanks to him and so many others, I came to understand the importance of being part of a group of people who are ____45____ to make the world better, who stand together and embrace (拥抱) the amazing future of the world we share.
31. A. simple B. unfair C. new D. unfinished
32. A. found B. obtained C. missed D. lost
33. A. performance B. character C. English D. habit
34. A. affect B. bother C. impress D. fool
35. A. originally B. hardly C. actually D. certainly
36. A. beauty B. cleanness C. interest D. value
37. A. live B. say C. work D. study
38. A. changed B. created C. determined D. challenged
39. A. admitted B. explained C. doubted D. understood
40. A. where B. why C. how D. when
41. A. disappointment B. confusion C. amazement D. regret
42. A. Sadly B. Luckily C. Surprisingly D. Obviously
43. A. discuss B. debate C. share D. cooperate
44. A. cheated B. inspired C. attracted D. amused
45. A. hesitant B. shocked C. afraid D. willing
【答案】31. B 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. C 36. D 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. B 41. C 42. A 43. C 44. B 45. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因为在学校表现出色获得了去菲律宾学习的机会。在菲律宾结识了Sonny，意识到与这些志同道合的人在一起，拥抱世界的美好未来。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个喜欢问“为什么”的孩子，我认为一切不公平的事情都可以改变，我可以让世界变得更好。A. simple简单的；B. unfair不公平的；C. new新的；D. unfinished未完成的。根据下文“As a “why” kid, I thought everything ___1___ can be changed and I could make the world better.”可知，作者可以让世界变得更好，所以作者认为一切是不公平的。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我上高中的时候，由于我在学校的良好表现，我获得了去菲律宾学习的机会。A. found发现；B. obtained获得，得到；C. missed错过；D. lost失去，迷路。根据“due to my good ___3___ at school.”可知，作者获得了去菲律宾学习的机会。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我上高中的时候，由于我在学校的良好表现，我获得了去菲律宾学习的机会。A. performance表现，表演；B. character性格，角色；C. English英语；D. habit习惯。根据“When I was in my high school, I ___2___ the chance to go to the Philippines to learn more”可知，作者获得了去菲律宾学习的机会，是因为作者在学校有出色的表现。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要被它浪漫的名字愚弄了，因为实际上它是一堆垃圾，就像Sonny这样的孩子们每天花大量的时间去搜寻这些垃圾，看里面有什么值钱的东西。A. affect影响；B. bother打扰；C. impress给……以深刻印象；D. fool愚弄，欺骗。根据下文“a pile(堆) of steaming garbage” 可知，Smoky Mountain实际上是一堆垃圾，所以不要被这个浪漫的名字欺骗了。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不要被它浪漫的名字愚弄了，因为实际上它是一堆垃圾，就像Sonny这样的孩子们每天花大量的时间去搜寻这些垃圾，看里面有什么值钱的东西。A. originally起初，原来；B. hardly几乎不；C. actually实际上； D. certainly当然。根据“But don’t let the romance (浪漫) of that name ___4___ you,”可知，Smoky Mountain实际上是一堆垃圾。故选C。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不要被它浪漫的名字愚弄了，因为实际上它是一堆垃圾，就像Sonny这样的孩子们每天花大量的时间去搜寻这些垃圾，看里面有什么值钱的东西。A. beauty美好，完美；B. cleanness清洁，干净；C. interest兴趣，爱好；D. value价值，价格。根据上文“It was there that I became friends with Sonny, who lived on “Smoky Mountain”.”可知，由于Sonny是以这个垃圾堆为生，所以他每天花大量的时间去搜寻这些垃圾，看里面有没有什么值钱的东西。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我心想：“为什么我拥有这么多，别人却要这样生活？为什么Sonny的生活要由他出生的地方来决定？”A. live生活，生存；B. say说；C. work工作；D. study学习。根据“Those days with Sonny changed my life forever.”可知，看到Sonny的境遇，作者心里想：为什么会有人不得不这样生活而自己却有那么好的生活条件呢？故选A。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为什么Sonny的生活被他的出身所决定呢？A. changed改变；B. created创造；C. determined确定，决定；D. challenged挑战。根据“where he was born?”可知，出身决定了生活。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我后来明白了在菲律宾所看到的贫穷决定了人们作出什么样的选择。A. admitted承认；B. explained解释；C. doubted怀疑；D. understood理解，明白。根据“the poverty (贫穷) I’d seen in the Philippines was the result of decisions made or not made.”可知，作者明白了平穷的原因。故选D。
【40题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么几年后，我和一群大学朋友在澳大利亚发起了“让贫困成为历史”运动。A. where哪里；B. why为什么；C. how怎样；D. when什么时候。That’s why…这就是为什么 ……。根据“I joined with a group of college friends in bringing the Make Poverty History campaign to Australia.”可知，这就是为什么作者开展“让贫穷成为历史”这项运动。故选B。
【41题详解】
考查名词（形容词）词义辨析。句意：而令我们惊讶的是，澳大利亚政府听到我们的声音。A. disappointed失望的；B. confusion混乱；C. amazement惊讶；D. regret遗憾。根据下文“the Australian government heard our voices and agreed to double investment and fix the problem miles outside of our borders.”可知，澳大利亚政府听到我们的声音，让作者很惊讶。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：遗憾是，我没能做到。A. Sadly悲伤地；遗憾的是；B. Luckily幸运地；C. Surprisingly吃惊地；D. Obviously明显地。根据下文“I’ve been unable to.”可知，没有联系上Sonny，所以很遗憾。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我愿意和他待在一起，无论他在哪里，和他一起分享在“Smoky Mountain”上的时刻是如何激励我的。A. discuss商量，讨论；B. debate辩论；C. share分享；D. cooperate合作。句意：根据下文“with him how much the time I spent on “Smoky Mountain” ___14___ me.”可知，无论他在哪里，作者愿意和他一起分享在“Smoky Mountain”上的时刻。故选C。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我愿意和他待在一起，无论他在哪里，和他一起分享在“Smoky Mountain”上的时刻是如何激励我的。A. cheated作弊，欺骗；B. inspired鼓舞；C. attracted吸引；D. amused娱乐，逗乐。根据上文可知，Smoky Mountain 的经历给了作者激励，从而让他跟一群大学的朋友一起在澳洲开展一项“让贫穷成为历史”的运动。故选B。
45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：多亏了他和其他许多人，我开始明白成为一群人中的一员的重要性，这些人愿意让世界变得更美好，他们站在一起，拥抱我们共同拥有的世界美好的未来。A. hesitating犹豫；B. happening发生；C. afraid害怕，担心；D. willing乐意。be willing to愿意做某事。根据“make the world better, who stand together and embrace (拥抱) the amazing future of the world we share.”可知，这些人愿意让世界变得更美好。故选D。
B
Have you ever imagined turning something into warm blankets? A young girl from Wales is ____46____ just that!
Twelve-year-old Alyssa has spent the past year ____47____ chip bags and then she transforms chip bags into foil (箔纸) warming blankets. She ____48____ them to organizations that support homeless people.
Alyssa got the ____49____ from Pen Huston. He ____50____ survival bags with foil blankets and gives the bags to the homeless who are ____51____.
As a ____52____ environmentalist, Alyssa thinks there’s another ____53____ of using chip bags. “Crisp packets are ____54____ hard to recycle, so this is a new way to stop them going into the _____55_____,” she said.
For each bag, she starts by _____56_____ the collected packet and washing it, then she places four packets on a piece of paper and irons them so they stick together. The last _____57_____ is ironing them to seal it all together. The result is a foil blanket _____58_____ to the ones used in emergencies.
This young lady is really lovely! She’s making good use of her _____59_____ to help others in such a selfless, meaningful way. _____60_____ the great work, Alyssa!
46. A. hoping B. changing C. teaching D. doing
47. A. producing B. studying C. collecting D. improving
48. A. lends B. donates C. passes D. sells
49. A. idea B. suggestion C. ability D. command
50. A. replaces B. compares C. makes D. obtains
51. A. in danger B. in need C. on board D. under stress
52. A. famous B. worldwide C. unique D. little
53. A. way B. benefit C. rule D. principle
54. A. really B. merely C. slightly D. gradually
55. A. bag B. atmosphere C. dustbin D. home
56. A. opening B. removing C. filling D. folding
57. A. tip B. function C. click D. step
58. A. similar B. crucial C. equal D. related
59. A. boxes B. skills C. senses D. images
60. A. Watch for B. Mark out C. Search for D. Keep up
【答案】46. D 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. C 51. B 52. D 53. B 54. A 55. C 56. A 57. D 58. A 59. B 60. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了12岁的小女孩收集薯片袋，然后把它们变成毯子送给无家可归的人的爱心故事。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个来自威尔士的小女孩正在做这件事！A. hoping希望；B. changing改变；C. teaching教；D. doing做。根据上文“Have you ever imagined turning something into warm blankets?(你有没有想过把东西变成温暖的毯子？)”和下文“Twelve-year-old Alyssa has spent the past year ____2____ chip bags and then she transforms chip bags into foil (箔纸) warming blankets.(12岁的Alyssa在过去的一年里……薯片袋，然后她把薯片袋变成了箔纸取暖毯)”可知，Alyssa正在做这件事情。故选D项。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：12岁的Alyssa在过去的一年里一直在收集薯片袋，然后她把薯片袋变成了箔纸取暖毯。A. producing生产；B. studying学习；C. collecting收集；D. improving提高。根据后文“For each bag, she starts by ____11____ the collected packet(对于每个袋子，她先通过……收集的袋子)”可知，Alyssa是在收集薯片袋，其中collect为原文复现。故选C项。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把它们捐给了支持无家可归者组织。A. lends借；B. donates捐赠；C. passes通过；D. sells卖。根据下文“He ____5____ survival bags with foil blankets and gives the bags to the homeless”可知，Alyssa从Pen Huston身上学到可以把做好的箔纸取暖毯捐给无家可归的人。后文的give和B项donate属于近义替换。故选B项。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Alyssa的想法来自Pen Huston。A. idea想法；B. suggestion建议；C. ability能力；D. command掌握。结合后文可知，她是受到Pen Huston的故事的启发，因此，此处是介绍她是如何得到这个想法的。故选A项。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用锡箔毯子制作了救生袋，并将这些袋子送给了需要帮助的无家可归者。A. replaces代替；B. compares比较；C. makes做；D. obtains保留。根据文章首句“Have you ever imagined turning something into warm blankets?”可知，文中Alyssa是把薯片袋变成取暖毯，并且是从Pen Huston身上得到的灵感。所以此处是指Pen Huston把锡箔纸取暖毯做成救生袋。故选C项。
【51题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：他用锡箔毯子制作了救生袋，并将这些袋子送给了需要帮助的无家可归者。A. in danger处于危险之中；B. in need有需要；C. on board在船上；D. under stress处于压力之下。根据前文“She donates them to organizations that support homeless people.”可知，Alyssa和Pen Huston都是在帮助无家可归的人。B项“有需要”指的是有需要的人。故选B项。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个小环保主义者，Alyssa认为使用薯片袋还有一个好处。A. famous有名的；B. worldwide世界的；C. unique独一无二的；D. little小的。根据前文“A young girl from Wales is doing just that!”和“Twelve-year-old Alyssa”可知，Alyssa年纪很小。D意为“小的”，可表示年纪小，和young为近义词互换。故选D项。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个小环保主义者，Alyssa认为使用薯片袋还有一个好处。A. way方法；B. benefit好处；C. rule规则；D. principle原则。根据上文可知，讲了第一个好处就是可以帮助无家可归的人，下文““Crisp packets are ____9____ hard to recycle, so this is a new way to stop them going into the ____10____,” she said.”可知，下文讲了第二个好处。故选B项。
【54题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她说：“薯片包装很难回收，所以这是一种防止薯片袋被扔进垃圾桶的新方法。”A. really实际上、很；B. merely仅仅；C. slightly轻微地；D. gradually逐渐地。结合常识可知，薯片袋和塑料垃圾一样，很难回收。故选A项。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说：“薯片包装很难回收，所以这是一种防止薯片袋被扔进垃圾桶的新方法。”A. bag包；B. atmosphere气氛；C. dustbin垃圾桶；D. home家。根据前文“Crisp packets are really hard to recycle”可知，Alyssa在谈论回收薯片包装的问题，而回收垃圾都是从垃圾桶里回收。故选C项。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于每个袋子，她首先打开收集的袋子并清洗，然后将四个袋子放在一张纸上，并将它们熨烫，使它们粘在一起。A. opening打开；B. removing祛除；C. filling填满；D. folding折叠。结合文意可知，此处是在解释Alyssa是如何制作取暖毯的。为了把薯片袋洗干净，一定要把包装袋展开。故选A项。
【57题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后一步是熨烫，让它们密封在一起。A. tip顶端、小费；B. function功能；C. click点击；D. step步骤。根据上文“For each bag, she starts by opening the collected packet and washing it, then she places four packets on a piece of paper and irons them so they stick together.”可知，讲了制作箔纸毯的步骤，由此可见，空处也是说“最后一步”。故选D项。
【58题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后成果就是一种类似于紧急情况下使用的箔毯。A. similar相似的、类似的；B. crucial关键的；C. equal平等的；D. related相关的。结合常识，在类似火灾、冰雪天等紧急情况下使用的也是类似的箔毯，A项“类似的”符合文意，并且固定短语similar to符合空后to的提示。故选A项。
【59题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她很好地利用自己的技能，以一种无私而有意义的方式帮助别人。A. boxes盒子；B. skills技术；C. senses感觉；D. images图片。结合上文，讲的是Alyssa如何把薯片包装袋做成毯子的方式，这涉及自己的手艺和技术。故选B项。
【60题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：继续努力吧，Alyssa！A. Watch for密切注意；B. Mark out标识出；C. Search for寻找；D. Keep up（使）继续下去。根据前文“She’s making good use of her skills to help others in such a selfless, meaningful way.”作者对Alyssa进行了表扬，由此可以推测出，作者是希望Alyssa继续做好事。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the wide spread of the deadly COVID-19, the healthcare workers have been working day and night to take care of the ____61____ (infect) patients. Here are the details about International Nurses Day.
International Nurses Day ____62____( celebrate) first in 1965 to honour the nurses all over the world for their ____63____ (commit) to medical health and service, ____64____ (urge) people to show care and respect towards nurses.The day also commemorates Florence Nightingale’s birth - the woman____65____is widely regarded as the founder of modern nursing. Florence Nightingale was born on May 12th, 1820, and served ____66____ a trainer of nurses during the Crimean War. During the War, she ____67____ (manage) to care for wounded soldiers at Constantinople. Her contributions gave nursing a favorable reputation and she became a symbol of Victorian culture, ____68____ (especial) as “The Lady with the Lamp”, because of the touching fact ____69____she usually visited wounded soldiers at night. She was also regarded as _____70_____English reformer of modern nursing. Later, she won the Royal Red Cross award in 1883 and Order of Merit award in 1907.
【答案】61. infected
62. was celebrated
63. commitment
64. urging 65. who##that
66. as 67. managed
68. especially
69. that 70. an
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际护士节的来历。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：随着新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的广泛传播，医护人员夜以继日地照顾感染患者。名词patients与infect之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式作定语。故填infected。
【62题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：国际护士节于1965年首次庆祝，以表彰世界各地的护士对医疗健康和服务的承诺，敦促人们对护士表示关心和尊重。根据句中时间状语in 1965可知，用一般过去时。主语International Nurses Day与celebrate之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was celebrated。
【63题详解】
考查名词。句意：国际护士节于1965年首次庆祝，以表彰世界各地的护士对医疗健康和服务的贡献，敦促人们对护士表示关心和尊重。形容词性物主代词their后接名词形式,且为不可数名词，故填commitment。
【64题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：国际护士节于1965年首次庆祝，以表彰世界各地的护士对医疗健康和服务的贡献，敦促人们对护士表示关心和尊重。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语与urge之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作结果状语。故填urging。
【65题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这一天也是为了纪念弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔的诞生，她被广泛认为是现代护理学的奠基人。句中先行词为the woman，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
【66题详解】
考查介词。句意：弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔生于1820年5月12日，在克里米亚战争期间担任护士培训师。serve as担任。故填as。
【67题详解】
考查时态。句意：战争期间，她设法在君士坦丁堡照顾受伤的士兵。根据时间状语During the War可知，用一般过去时。故填managed。
【68题详解】
考查副词。句意：她的贡献使护理工作获得了良好的声誉，她成为了维多利亚文化的象征，尤其是“拿灯的女人”，因为她经常在晚上看望受伤的士兵。句中用副词作状语，修饰介词短语。故填especially。
【69题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：她的贡献使护理工作获得了良好的声誉，她成为了维多利亚文化的象征，尤其是“拿灯的女人”，因为她经常在晚上看望受伤的士兵。本句为同位语从句，解释说明名词fact。从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接代词that引导。故填that。
【70题详解】
考查冠词。句意：她也被认为是英国现代护理的改革家。名词reformer为可数名词，泛指，且English发音以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。
听力答案：1—5 CCCBA 6—10 ACACA 11—15 CAABC 16—20 BBCAA
国本中学2022-2023学年度高二上学期期末考试
英语试卷
全卷满分150分考试用时120分钟。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的ABC三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?
A. The Summer Palace. B. The radio. C. The weather.
2. What kind of music does the woman like better?
A. Pop music. B. Light music. C. Classical music.
3. Why does the woman think that waiting for connecting flights is NOT a waste of time?
A. Because she can use the time to do some reading.
B. Because she can use the time to do some offices work with a computer.
C. Because she uses the time to shop in the duty-free shops.
4. How many boys are there in the class?
A. 40. B. 22. C. 18.
5. What are the two speakers talking about?
A. Having a discussion. B. Drawing a picture. C. Looking for some mistakes.
第二节(共15小题每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How many topics has the woman chosen?
A. Three. B. Two. C. One.
7. Which topic the man thinks is the best?
A Teachers’ Day. B. The Davos Forum. C. Beijing Pop Music Festival.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. How much does the man want to be promoted?
A. A 5% raise. B. A 10% raise. C. A 15% raise.
9. What’s the result?
A. The man will not be promoted.
B. The man will be fired.
C. Not clear.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What does the man suggest at the beginning?
A. Going back. B. Going shopping. C. Going to the theater.
11. How soon will the theater start?
A. One hour later. B. Two hours later. C. Four hours later.
12. How does the man suggest going to the theater?
A. By taxi. B. By bus. C. By subway.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is wrong with Kelly?
A. He has got a flu. B. He has got a cold. C. He has got a toothache.
14. Has Kelly gone to see a doctor?
A. Yes. B. No. C. He is on the way to hospital.
15. What is the woman going to do for Kelly?
A. Fetch a doctor.
B. Buy some medicine.
C. Tell Mr. Morley and cancel the appointments for today.
16. When will Kelly call the woman to tell her what he thinks?
A. At noon. B. Later this afternoon. C. Later this evening.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. In the United States, which state is the nearest to Alaska?
A. Texas. B. Washington State. C. Hawaii.
18. What’s the weather like in Alaska?
A. It’s hot all the year round.
B. It’s very cold everywhere.
C. The weather is variable.
19. Which state has the longest coastline among all US states?
A. Alaska. B. New York. C. California.
20. Why do people use planes or boats to travel around Alaska?
A. Because it is wild and there aren’t many roads.
B. Because there are a lot of dangerous wild animals in the forests.
C. Because visitors are not permitted to take buses or trains in Alaska.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2.5分，满分50分)
A
What’s On?
Electric Underground
7.30pm－1.00am Free at the Cyclops Theatre
Do you know who’s playing in your area? We’re bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce you music.
Gee Whizz
8.30pm-10.30pm Comedy at Kaleidoscope
Come and see Gee Whizz perform. He’s the funniest stand-up comedian(喜剧演员) on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐).
Simon’s Workshop
5.00pm-7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage
This is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.
Charlotte Stone
8.00pm-11.00pm Pizza World
Fine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta(面食). Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.
1. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?
A. Jules Skye. B. Gee Whizz.
C. Charlotte Stone. D. James Pickering.
2. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?
A. The Cyclops Theatre B. Kaleidoscope
C. Victoria Stage D. Pizza World
3. What do we know about Simon’s Workshop?
A. It requires membership status. B. It lasts three hours each time.
C. It is run by a comedy club. D. It is held every Wednesday.
4. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?
A. 5.00pm-7.30pm. B. 7.30pm－1.00am.
C. 8.00pm-11.00pm. D. 8.30pm-10.30pm.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C
【解析】
【分析】本文属于广告类阅读。文章列出了四则广告，介绍了四种活动的详细内容。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一则广告中倒数第一、二句If so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music.可知，Jules Skye是一位成功的唱片制作人，如果你想做音乐的的话可以去找他。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二则广告中This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest.可知，这场表演能让所有年龄段的人都很开心。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三则广告中“5.00 pm-7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage”可知，Simon’s Workshop的表演是在每周三下午5点至7点30之间进行。故D项正确。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四则广告“8.00pm-11.00pm Pizza World”可知，Charlotte Stone将在晚上8点至11点之间表演她最受欢迎的歌曲。故C项正确。
B
Dmitry Doronin, a doctoral student from Russia, is keen (热衷的) to share his experience in rural villages in Zhejiang with his 1.4 million followers online.
Since Dmitry started to live in the countryside last August, the 32-year-old has created hundreds of video clips that record the relaxing lifestyle in Hengzhang village, Lishui city. “The rice is grown in the fields together with fish, which helps to increase local agricultural (农业的) products,” said Dmitry, while introducing products from Hengzhang village on the popular Chinese short-video platform Douyin. Besides filming videos, Dmitry also enjoys working with farmers in the fields, doing activities such as planting vegetables and feeding chickens.
Living in a village provides him with unique experiences, he says, quite different from busy life in big cities, such as Shanghai, where he studies. And he has been a pleasant surprise to the villagers as well. Villager Bao Mingyue, 76, says, “To our surprise, the young Russian not only knows how to cook Chinese food but is interested in working in the fields.”
Because of the outbreak of COVID-19, the sales of local agricultural products had dropped rapidly, so Dmitry volunteered to help sell the products in his videos. In a few months, 10, 000 kilograms of oranges, 4, 000 kilograms of dried sweet potatoes and 300 kilograms of honey had been sold.
“Thanks to his videos, it seems that more tourists have come to visit our village,” says 72-year-old Pan Xianyu, who is very pleased to see the great changes in her hometown. Dmitry loves his country life. “In the countryside, you can immerse (沉浸) yourself in the traditional way of life and understand this country better,” he says.
According to Dmitry, some Russians’ opinions about China are still out of date, although China has progressed greatly. “I would like to become a people-to-people envoy (使者) of friendship between the two countries by using the Internet,” he says.
5. It can be learnt from the passage that Dmitry .
A. is good at doing farm work B. sells farmers’ products in Russia
C. gets much attention on the Internet D. has lived in the countryside for years
6. The underlined word “unique” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ”.
A. common B. special C. similar D. hard
7. The purpose of Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5 is to .
A. show Dmitry’s influence on Hengzhang village
B. explain why the sales of sweet potatoes dropped
C. make more tourists interested in Hengzhang village
D. advise people to buy the products of Hengzhang village
8. Dmitry hopes to help Russians to .
A. improve their lives more quickly B. make rapid progress in farming
C. study Chinese traditional way of life D. have a better understanding of China
【答案】5. C 6. B 7. A 8. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是Dmitry Doronin是一名来自俄罗斯的博士生，他热衷于在网上与140万粉丝分享他在浙江农村的经历。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Dmitry Doronin, a doctoral student from Russia, is keen (热衷的) to share his experience in rural villages in Zhejiang with his 1.4 million followers online.(Dmitry Doronin是一名来自俄罗斯的博士生，他热衷于在网上与140万粉丝分享他在浙江农村的经历)”可知，他有140万粉丝，说明他在网上得到了很多关注。故选C。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段的“quite different from busy life in big cities, such as Shanghai(与上海等大城市的繁忙生活截然不同)”可知，他在农村的经历是独特的，划线词unique意为“独特的”，和special意思相近，故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a few months, 10, 000 kilograms of oranges, 4, 000 kilograms of dried sweet potatoes and 300 kilograms of honey had been sold.(几个月内，1万公斤橙子、4000公斤干红薯和300公斤蜂蜜被售出)”和第五段的“Thanks to his videos, it seems that more tourists have come to visit our village(多亏了他的视频，似乎有更多的游客来参观我们的村庄)”可知，第四段和第五段的目的是展示Dmitry对Hengzhang村的影响，故选A。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“According to Dmitry, some Russians’ opinions about China are still out of date, although China has progressed greatly. “I would like to become a people-to-people envoy (使者) of friendship between the two countries by using the Internet,” he says.(Dmitry认为，尽管中国取得了巨大进步，但一些俄罗斯人对中国的看法仍然过时。他说:“我想通过互联网成为两国人民之间的友谊使者。”)”可知，Dmitry希望帮助俄罗斯人对中国有更好的了解。故选D。
C
In a study involving sweat samples from 335 people, trained dogs sniffed out 97 percent of the coronavirus cases that had been identified by PCR tests and all 31 COVID-19 cases among 192 people who didn’t have symptoms, researchers reported.
These findings are evidence that dogs could be effective for mass screening efforts at places such as airports or concerts and may provide friendly alternatives for testing people who fear the tests, says Dominique Grandjean in France.
Dogs’ noses also identified more COVID-19 cases than did antigen (抗原) tests, but sometimes mistook another virus for the coronavirus, Grandjean and colleagues found. What’s more, evidence suggests the dogs can pick up cases 48 hours before people test positive by PCR.
In the study, dogs were trained in coronavirus detection by rewarding them with toys—usually tennis balls. “It’s playtime for them,” Grandjean says. It takes about three to six weeks, depending on the dog’s experience with odor detection, to train a dog to pick out COVID-19 cases from sweat samples. For detection, the dogs sniffed used face masks or housing sweat samples collected from human volunteers’ underarms. Results showed that dogs perform as well as or even better than PCR tests for detecting the virus that causes COVID-19, Furton says. He and colleagues have used dogs at schools, a music festival and in a small trial screening airline employees for coronavirus infections.
One of the biggest advantages dogs have over other tests is their speed, Furton says. “Even with what we call a rapid test, you’re still going to have to wait tens of minutes or even hours, where the dog in a matter of seconds can make a response.” However, dogs take time to train and there currently aren’t even enough dogs trained to detect explosives, let alone diseases, Otto says.
Another drawback is that people don’t think of them as high-tech, though they’re one of the highest-tech devices we have.
9. What can we learn about the study from the first paragraph?
A. Dogs were trained to test COVID-19.
B. Sweat samples are perfect to test COVID-19.
C. Dogs can identify most COVID-19 cases.
D. PCR tests failed to meet public expectation.
10. What’s the disadvantage of using dogs for COVID-19 tests?
A. Dogs may be unfriendly to people when doing tests.
B. Dogs lack experience dealing with large screens.
C. Dogs may need a long time to identify the disease.
D. Dogs may recognize other diseases as coronavirus.
11. What can we infer about trained dogs according to Furton?
A. They perform well at detecting COVID-19 virus.
B. They do better at detecting explosives than viruses.
C. They are widely used in public places like schools.
D. They like to be rewarded with toys after training.
12. How does Otto view getting dogs to do COVID-19 tests?
A. Supportive. B. Disapproving. C. Fearful. D. Confident.
【答案】9. C 10. D 11. A 12. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们的研究证明，用狗来对人进行新冠检测，检测的结果高效、准确，但是狗需要培训才能从事这种检测任务，这就使原本很紧张的警犬资源更加短缺。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段内容“In a study involving sweat samples from 335 people, trained dogs sniffed out 97 percent of the coronavirus cases that had been identified by PCR tests and all 31 COVID-19 cases among 192 people who didn’t have symptoms, researchers reported.(研究人员报告说，在一项涉及335人的汗液样本的研究中，经过训练的狗嗅出了PCR检测中97%的冠状病毒病例，以及192名没有症状的人中的全部31例COVID-19病例。)”可知，这项研究是让经过训练的狗去闻来自人体的汗水样品，结果，这些狗把人群中97%的新冠病例和全部的31例无症状都识别出来了，即，这些狗能识别大部分的新冠病例。故选C项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Dogs’ noses also identified more COVID-19 cases than did antigen tests, but sometimes mistook another virus for the coronavirus, Grandjean and colleagues found.(Grandjean和同事们发现，狗的鼻子也比抗原测试能识别更多的COVID-19病例，但有时会把另一种病毒误认为冠状病毒。)”说到狗被用来识别新冠病人时，有时候会把别的病毒当作新冠病毒。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段内容“Results showed that dogs perform as well as or even better than PCR tests for detecting the virus that causes COVID-19, Furton says.(Furton说，结果显示，在检测导致COVID-19的病毒方面，狗狗的表现与PCR测试一样好，甚至更好。)”可知，训练之后的狗在检测出导致新冠肺炎的病毒方面与PCR的检测效果一样会，甚至更好，由此可推知，它们在检测COVID-19病毒方面表现良好。故选A项。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容“However, dogs take time to train and there currently aren’t even enough dogs trained to detect explosives, let alone diseases, Otto says.(然而，Otto说，狗需要时间来训练，目前甚至没有足够的狗训练来探测爆炸物，更不用说疾病了。)”可知，在Otto看来，训练狗用于新冠病毒的检测需要时间，而当前检查炸药的警犬尚且不够用，更何况检测疾病。从这句话判断，他的态度是“不赞成”。故选B项。
D
When it comes to work, workers, and jobs, much of the concern of the modern age boils down to the fear that we’re witnessing the final stage of the game, and that there will be nowhere for humans to withdraw as machines take over the last few tasks. The most recent example comes from the use of artificial intelligence (AI). Is there no area of human experience that can’t be replaced by AI? And if not, what is left for humans to do except the tasks involved in taking care of the machines?
At the heart of this concern is our desire for good jobs — jobs that make the most of workers’ natural abilities and where the work provides the worker with motivation and work-life balance. More importantly, good jobs support workers in learning by doing — and, in so doing, deliver benefits on three levels: to the worker, who gains in personal development and job satisfaction; to the organization, which reforms as staff find new problems to solve and opportunities to pursue; and to the community as a whole, which harvests the economic benefits of hosting positive organizations and workers. This is what makes good jobs productive for the organization, as well as engaging and fulfilling for the worker.
Does the ongoing advance of AI threaten to get rid of all the learning, creativity, and meaning that make a job a good job? Certainly, some have blamed technology for just such an outcome. Headlines today often express concern over technological innovation resulting in bad jobs for humans, or even the complete disappearance of certain professions. Some fear that further technology advancement in the workplace will result in jobs where employees are being asked to work in split times or for longer periods over more days.
The problem here isn’t the technology; rather, it’s the way the technology is used — and, more than that, the way people think about using it.
13. What is the passage mainly about?
A. How to take care of the AI machines.
B. The relations between workers and jobs.
C. The human’s fears in the age of AI.
D. Human experiences were replaced by AI.
14. What jobs are supposed to be good according to the passage?
A. Those that mainly have the economic benefits.
B. The ones that offer chances to progress professionally.
C. Those that make full use of workers’ motivation.
D. The ones that don’t bring new problems to workers.
15. How do news media respond to the development of AI?
A. Negative. B. Supportive. C. Optimistic. D. Unknown.
16. What will the author probably talk about next?
A. The future jobs humans will do.
B. The application of AI in the future.
C. The ways that humans do jobs.
D. The proper attitude towards AI.
【答案】13. C 14. B 15. A 16. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能时代人类的恐惧。
【13题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“When it comes to work, workers, and jobs, much of the concern of the modern age boils down to the fear that we’re witnessing the final stage of the game, and that there will be nowhere for humans to withdraw as machines take over the last few tasks.(当谈到工作、工人和任务时，现代社会的许多担忧都可以归结为一种恐惧：我们正在见证游戏的最后阶段，当机器接管最后几项任务时，人类将无处可退)”并结合下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了人工智能时代人类的恐惧。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“More importantly, good jobs support workers in learning by doing — and, in so doing, deliver benefits on three levels(更重要的是，好的工作支持员工在实践中学习，并在这样做的过程中，在三个层面上为员工带来好处)”可知，好的工作是能提供职业进步的机会。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Headlines today often express concern over technological innovation(革新) resulting in bad jobs for humans, or even the complete disappearance of certain professions.(今天的头条新闻经常表达对技术创新导致人类的坏工作，甚至某些职业的完全消失的担忧)”可知，新闻媒体对于人工智能的发展的态度是消极的。故选A。
【16题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The problem here isn’t the technology; rather, it’s the way the technology is used —— and, more than that, the way people think about using it.(这里的问题不在于技术；而是技术的使用方式，更重要的是人们考虑使用它的方式)”可知，本段介绍了真正的问题所在——人类考虑如何适用讲述。从而推断接下来作者可能会谈论如何正确对待AI。故选D
E
A highly expected project to get plastic out of the massive pool of ocean debris (碎片) is ready to begin its first period from Alameda, California. The creators of the project, called the Ocean Cleanup, say their system can remove 90 percent of the plastic in the ocean by 2040.
It’s those larger pieces that the cleanup system will stop. The system features a 600-meter-long line of unmoored booms (未停泊的水栅) that act as an artificial shoreline traveling with the wind, waves and ocean currents while rounding up plastic debris. Beneath the surface, the booms drag a 3-meter-long skirt, through which only the tiniest bits of plastic can escape. Currents will naturally push the line of booms into a U-shape, herding plastic particles (颗粒) so they’re easier to collect.
The booms are also tricked out with solar-powered lights, anti-collision (防冲撞) systems and satellite positioning to avoid ships and help project scientists keep track of the system’s location. Periodically, support ships will cart the collected plastic bits back to land for recycling.
The launch of “System 001” will be a test for the first of a planned fleet of about 60 such systems. Once launched, System 001 will undergo two weeks of field testing off the California coast, Lebreton says. If all goes well, it will head to the North Pacific, arriving within five weeks of the launch date. “We’re hoping to bring the first plastic back before the end of the year,” he says.
The Ocean Cleanup representatives say their project is meant to work consistently with such upstream measures. “Even while trying to change human behaviors, it’s still worth trying to remove whatever is already out there floating near the surface. The whole point is that we want to try to collect as much as possible,” Lebreton says.
Whatever the result of this deployment, some experts trying to tackle the plastic trash problem applaud the Ocean Cleanup for raising awareness around the issue.
17. What can we know about the cleanup system?
A. It has been launched for several times. B. It’s also called the Ocean Cleanup.
C. People don’t think much of it. D. It may remove most large ocean plastic.
18. What’s the use of the skirt the booms drag?
A. Acting as a shoreline. B. Traveling with waves.
C. Collecting plastic particles. D. Pushing booms’ line into a U-shape.
19. What does the underlined part “tricked out” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Equipped. B. Filled. C. Covered. D. Poured.
20. How do some experts view the Ocean Cleanup?
A. It’s vital for protecting the ocean from plastic waste.
B. It contributes to informing people of ocean pollution.
C. It’s far from perfect and needs improvement before use.
D. It has won applause from ocean-protection organizations.
【答案】17. D 18. C 19. A 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一个备受期待的项目可以从大量海洋碎片中提取塑料，到2040年，这个系统可以去除海洋中90%的塑料。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The creators of the project, called the Ocean Cleanup, say their system can remove 90 percent of the plastic in the ocean by 2040.(这个名为“海洋清理”的项目的创建者表示，到2040年，他们的系统可以清除海洋中90%的塑料)”和第二段第一句“It’s those larger pieces that the cleanup system will stop.(清理系统会截留下那些更大的碎片)”可知，清理系统可能会去除大部分海洋塑料。故选D。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Beneath the surface, the booms drag a 3-meter-long skirt, through which only the tiniest bits of plastic can escape. Currents will naturally push the line of booms into a U-shape, herding plastic particles (颗粒) so they’re easier to collect.(在海面下，围油栅拖着一条3米长的裙子，只有最微小的塑料碎片可以从中逃脱。水流会自然地将吊杆线推成U形，聚集塑料颗粒，以便更容易收集)”可知，吊杆拖的裙子外罩是为了收集塑料颗粒，故选C。
【19题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“with solar-powered lights, anti-collision (防冲撞) systems and satellite positioning to avoid ships and help project scientists keep track of the system’s location(太阳能灯、防撞系统和卫星定位，以避开船只，并帮助项目科学家跟踪系统的位置)”可知，这个设备还配有太阳能灯、防碰撞系统和卫星定位设施，故画线词意思是“配有”。故选A。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whatever the result of this deployment, some experts trying to tackle the plastic trash problem applaud the Ocean Cleanup for raising awareness around the issue.(无论这一部署的结果如何，一些试图解决塑料垃圾问题的专家对“海洋清理”提高人们对这一问题的认识表示赞赏)”可推知，他们认为这个项目能起到让人们了解海洋污染问题的作用。故选B。
第二节 七选五(共10小题;每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读并从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有两项为多余选项。
(1)
How to improve your studies—scientifically
Our brain can possibly memorize 2. 5 petabytes（千兆）of information. In order to use some of that surprising capacity（能力）a little more effectively when you learn, here are some tips that are based on widely-accepted research by learning experts.
___21___
Some enjoy watching videos over reading books others study with friends, and some like sitting in silence among a million books. Everybody is different.
Hard things first
___22___ , so do the things that are difficult first. Once you are done with the hard things, you will feel better for the rest of the day, and probably more motivated to get other things done.
Space（分隔开）your studies
___23___ . Facts or vocabularies, for example, are best learned if you review them the first time one to two days after the study, and then again after one week, and after one month.
Instant self-test
After your study, finish up with a quick quiz. Immediate recall in the form of a test or a short summary on what you’ve just learned can increase retention（记忆力）by as much as 30%. ___24___, that extra effort creates deeper traces（痕迹）in your memory.
Don’t force it
Motivation is like hunger. You cannot force yourself to be motivated, just like you can’t tell someone else to be hungry. So, if you are not hungry right now, don’t worry. ___25___.
A. Take fun seriously
B. Find your own style
C. Take a break, and do something else
D. Good memory can grow your brain’s potential
E. Because it’s much harder for your brain to remember than to read
F. Like most people you have the strongest willpower in the morning.
G. to remember things for a longer time, repeat the material after taking several breaks
【答案】21. B 22. F 23. G 24. E 25. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了科学地提升学习能力的五种技巧。
【21题详解】
由“Some enjoy watching videos over reading books, others study with friends, and some like sitting in silence among a million books. Everybody is different.”可知，有些人喜欢看视频而不是读书，有些人喜欢和朋友一起学习，还有一些人喜欢静静地坐在百万本书籍中间。每个人都不一样。所以本段主要在说明读者应找到自己的学习方式也就是小题1本段标题说明的内容。故B选项“找到自己的学习方式”符合句意。故B选项切题。
【22题详解】
由“so do the things that are difficult first”可知，所以先做困难的事情。所以通过so可以判断出小题2与后一句在句意上是承接关系。故F选项“像大多数人一样，你早上意志力最强”符合句意。故F选项切题。
【23题详解】
由“ Facts or vocabularies, for example, are best learned if you review them the first time one to two days after the study, and then again after one week, and after one month.”可知，例如，如果你在学习后的一到两天、一周后和一个月后对所学的信息或词汇进行复习，你就会学得最好。所以小题3要总说为了更长时间地记住事情，休息几次后重复所学内容，然后接下文具体说间隔的时间。故G选项“为了更长时间地记住事情，休息几次后重复所学内容”符合句意。故G选项切题。
【24题详解】
由“ Immediate recall in the form of a test or a short summary on what you’ve just learned can increase retention（记忆力）by as much as 30%.”可知，以测验或以简短总结的形式对刚学过的内容进行即时回忆，可以将记忆提高30%。所以小题4要说明是什么原因导致了以测验或以简短总结的形式对刚学过的内容进行即时回忆，可以将记忆提高30%。故E选项“因为对你的大脑来说，记忆要比阅读困难得多”符合句意。故E选项切题。
【25题详解】
由本段小标题“Don’t force it”以及So, if you are not hungry right now, don’t worry”可知,作者在本段中建议学习时不要勉强自己。所以如果没有动力,那就休息一会儿,做点别的事情。故C选项“休息会儿,做点别的事情”符合句意。故C选项切题。
【点睛】找出句子之间的连接性的词语是解决7选5题型的重要解题方法， 文章的语句间的组合，除了从语句间的意义关系分析外，还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握，因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系有承接关系（如 so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等）平列关系（如first, second, third…; firstly, secondly, thirdly…; first, next, then…; in the first place, in the second place…; for one thing, for another thing…;to begin with, to conclude 等）。转折关系（如 however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, otherwise 等）。层递关系（如 also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what’s more, too, either, neither, not…but…, not only…but also 等）。
由“so do the things that are difficult first”可知，所以先做困难的事情。所以通过so可以判断出小题2与后一句在句意上是承接关系。故F选项“像大多数人一样，你早上意志力最强”符合句意。故小题2的正确选项为F选项。
(2)
It’s estimated that families in the UK create more than six million tonnes of food waste each year. With food prices rising, it’s a good time to become a food-waste fighter. ___26___ After all, growing, packaging and transporfing food uses a lot of Earth’s resources such as energy and water.
___27___First, it’s a good idea to find out just how much food goes into your rubbish can. Keep a diary and note down the foods that get thrown most often, and why.
Planning meals for the week can save time and money. Meat from a Sunday roast could go into sandwiches on Monday. Bananas that are brown and soft can be baked into banana bread at the weekend. ___28___
Cooking the correct size helps too. Weigh out pasta or rice you need before you cook it. Before you pile your plate, check how hungry you are. ___29___
It’s hard to keep track of food that’s gone to the hack of the fridge. You could label a shelf an “Eat me first”spot for anything that has been there a while. ___30___ You can freeze leftovers in a sealed container for another day. But heat any leftovers put in a fridge thoroughly before eating.
Finally, use your senses. Some UK supermarkets have taken “best before” dates off fruit and vegetables. This can encourage people to use their nose and eyes to work out if something is still fine to eat. Ask an adult to help. Don’t forget to update your diary to see how much change you can make.
A. Your freezer is another way to save food.
B. Not only will it save money, it is good for the environment.
C. This may prevent you from leaving food because you’re too full.
D. Potatoes and carrots last a long time if kept in a cool, dark place.
E. Apples, bananas, and potatoes are the most common wasted items.
F. Read the instruction carefully to make sure that you use it properly.
G. Here are some simple tips that can help you become food-waste fighters.
【答案】26. B 27. G 28. D 29. C 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们在家里如何节约粮食，减少浪费。
【26题详解】
根据前文“With food prices rising, it’s a good time to become a food-waste fighter.(随着食品价格的上涨，这是一个成为食物浪费斗士的好时机。)”可知，此处召我们做一个与食物浪费做斗争的战士，后文应该强调这样做的意义。B选项“Not only will it save money, it is good for the environment.(它不仅省钱，对环境也有好处。)”承接前文。故选B。
【27题详解】
根据后文“First, it’s a good idea to find out just how much food goes into your rubbish can. (首先，找出你的垃圾桶里到底有多少食物是个好主意。)”可知，设空处应该作为文章的过渡句承上启下，即针对如何节约粮食，减少粮食提出具体建议。G选项“Here are some simple tips that can help you become food-waste fighters.(这里有一些简单的建议，可以帮助你成为食物浪费的斗士。)”符合语境。故选G。
【28题详解】
根据前文“Bananas that are brown and soft can be baked into banana bread at the weekend.(棕色柔软的香蕉可以在周末烤成香蕉面包。)”强调的是如何利用前一天剩下的食物，设空处应该与此构成并列结构。D选项“Potatoes and carrots last a long time if kept in a cool, dark place.( 土豆和胡萝卜如果放在阴凉处可以保存很长时间。)”强调土豆和胡萝卜如何存放能保存更久，与前文承接。故选D。
【29题详解】
根据前文“Before you pile your plate, check how hungry you are.(在你把盘子堆起来之前，检查一下你有多饿。)”可知，此处强调吃饭之前先弄清楚自己的饥饿程度，后文应该承接的是这样做法的结果。C选项“This may prevent you from leaving food because you’re too full.(这可以防止你因为太饱而留下食物。)”中的this指代前文的行为，承接前文。符合语境。故选C。
【30题详解】
根据后文“You can freeze leftovers in a sealed container for another day. But heat any leftovers put in a fridge thoroughly before eating.(你可以把剩饭剩菜放在密封的容器里冷冻一天。但是在吃之前，把剩下的食物放到冰箱里彻底加热。)”可知，此处是列举如何利用冰箱来存放本来可能被丢掉的食物。A选项“Your freezer is another way to save food.(冰箱是另一种节省食物的方法。)”中的freezer与后文的a sealed container相呼应，引起下文。故选A。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共30小题;每小题1分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的ABCD四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A
Growing up in Melbourne, Australia, I was one of those naughty(淘气的) little kids that never, ever stopped asking “Why?”. I used to ask my mum the most annoying questions. As a “why” kid, I thought everything ___31___ can be changed and I could make the world better.
When I was in my high school, I ___32___ the chance to go to the Philippines to learn more due to my good ___33___ at school. It was there that I became friends with Sonny, who lived on “Smoky Mountain”. But don’t let the romance (浪漫) of that name ___34___ you, because it was ___35___ a pile(堆) of steaming garbage where kids like Sonny spent hours every single day finding anything of ___36___.
Those days with Sonny changed my life forever. I thought to myself, “Why should anyone have to ___37___ like this while I have so much? Why should Sonny’s life be ___38___ by where he was born?”
I later ___39___ that the poverty (贫穷) I’d seen in the Philippines was the result of decisions made or not made. That’s ____40____, a few years later, I joined with a group of college friends in bringing the Make Poverty History campaign to Australia. And to our ____41____, the Australian government heard our voices and agreed to double investment and fix the problem miles outside of our borders.
Over all these years, I’ve tried to reconnect with Sonny. ____42____, I’ve been unable to. I’d love to sit down with him, wherever he is, and ____43____ with him how much the time I spent on “Smoky Mountain” ____44____ me. Thanks to him and so many others, I came to understand the importance of being part of a group of people who are ____45____ to make the world better, who stand together and embrace (拥抱) the amazing future of the world we share.
31. A. simple B. unfair C. new D. unfinished
32. A. found B. obtained C. missed D. lost
33. A. performance B. character C. English D. habit
34. A. affect B. bother C. impress D. fool
35. A. originally B. hardly C. actually D. certainly
36. A. beauty B. cleanness C. interest D. value
37. A. live B. say C. work D. study
38. A. changed B. created C. determined D. challenged
39. A. admitted B. explained C. doubted D. understood
40. A. where B. why C. how D. when
41. A. disappointment B. confusion C. amazement D. regret
42. A. Sadly B. Luckily C. Surprisingly D. Obviously
43. A. discuss B. debate C. share D. cooperate
44. A. cheated B. inspired C. attracted D. amused
45. A. hesitant B. shocked C. afraid D. willing
【答案】31. B 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. C 36. D 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. B 41. C 42. A 43. C 44. B 45. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因为在学校表现出色获得了去菲律宾学习的机会。在菲律宾结识了Sonny，意识到与这些志同道合的人在一起，拥抱世界的美好未来。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个喜欢问“为什么”的孩子，我认为一切不公平的事情都可以改变，我可以让世界变得更好。A. simple简单的；B. unfair不公平的；C. new新的；D. unfinished未完成的。根据下文“As a “why” kid, I thought everything ___1___ can be changed and I could make the world better.”可知，作者可以让世界变得更好，所以作者认为一切是不公平的。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我上高中的时候，由于我在学校的良好表现，我获得了去菲律宾学习的机会。A. found发现；B. obtained获得，得到；C. missed错过；D. lost失去，迷路。根据“due to my good ___3___ at school.”可知，作者获得了去菲律宾学习的机会。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我上高中的时候，由于我在学校的良好表现，我获得了去菲律宾学习的机会。A. performance表现，表演；B. character性格，角色；C. English英语；D. habit习惯。根据“When I was in my high school, I ___2___ the chance to go to the Philippines to learn more”可知，作者获得了去菲律宾学习的机会，是因为作者在学校有出色的表现。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要被它浪漫的名字愚弄了，因为实际上它是一堆垃圾，就像Sonny这样的孩子们每天花大量的时间去搜寻这些垃圾，看里面有什么值钱的东西。A. affect影响；B. bother打扰；C. impress给……以深刻印象；D. fool愚弄，欺骗。根据下文“a pile(堆) of steaming garbage” 可知，Smoky Mountain实际上是一堆垃圾，所以不要被这个浪漫的名字欺骗了。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不要被它浪漫的名字愚弄了，因为实际上它是一堆垃圾，就像Sonny这样的孩子们每天花大量的时间去搜寻这些垃圾，看里面有什么值钱的东西。A. originally起初，原来；B. hardly几乎不；C. actually实际上； D. certainly当然。根据“But don’t let the romance (浪漫) of that name ___4___ you,”可知，Smoky Mountain实际上是一堆垃圾。故选C。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不要被它浪漫的名字愚弄了，因为实际上它是一堆垃圾，就像Sonny这样的孩子们每天花大量的时间去搜寻这些垃圾，看里面有什么值钱的东西。A. beauty美好，完美；B. cleanness清洁，干净；C. interest兴趣，爱好；D. value价值，价格。根据上文“It was there that I became friends with Sonny, who lived on “Smoky Mountain”.”可知，由于Sonny是以这个垃圾堆为生，所以他每天花大量的时间去搜寻这些垃圾，看里面有没有什么值钱的东西。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我心想：“为什么我拥有这么多，别人却要这样生活？为什么Sonny的生活要由他出生的地方来决定？”A. live生活，生存；B. say说；C. work工作；D. study学习。根据“Those days with Sonny changed my life forever.”可知，看到Sonny的境遇，作者心里想：为什么会有人不得不这样生活而自己却有那么好的生活条件呢？故选A。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为什么Sonny的生活被他的出身所决定呢？A. changed改变；B. created创造；C. determined确定，决定；D. challenged挑战。根据“where he was born?”可知，出身决定了生活。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我后来明白了在菲律宾所看到的贫穷决定了人们作出什么样的选择。A. admitted承认；B. explained解释；C. doubted怀疑；D. understood理解，明白。根据“the poverty (贫穷) I’d seen in the Philippines was the result of decisions made or not made.”可知，作者明白了平穷的原因。故选D。
【40题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么几年后，我和一群大学朋友在澳大利亚发起了“让贫困成为历史”运动。A. where哪里；B. why为什么；C. how怎样；D. when什么时候。That’s why…这就是为什么 ……。根据“I joined with a group of college friends in bringing the Make Poverty History campaign to Australia.”可知，这就是为什么作者开展“让贫穷成为历史”这项运动。故选B。
【41题详解】
考查名词（形容词）词义辨析。句意：而令我们惊讶的是，澳大利亚政府听到我们的声音。A. disappointed失望的；B. confusion混乱；C. amazement惊讶；D. regret遗憾。根据下文“the Australian government heard our voices and agreed to double investment and fix the problem miles outside of our borders.”可知，澳大利亚政府听到我们的声音，让作者很惊讶。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：遗憾是，我没能做到。A. Sadly悲伤地；遗憾的是；B. Luckily幸运地；C. Surprisingly吃惊地；D. Obviously明显地。根据下文“I’ve been unable to.”可知，没有联系上Sonny，所以很遗憾。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我愿意和他待在一起，无论他在哪里，和他一起分享在“Smoky Mountain”上的时刻是如何激励我的。A. discuss商量，讨论；B. debate辩论；C. share分享；D. cooperate合作。句意：根据下文“with him how much the time I spent on “Smoky Mountain” ___14___ me.”可知，无论他在哪里，作者愿意和他一起分享在“Smoky Mountain”上的时刻。故选C。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我愿意和他待在一起，无论他在哪里，和他一起分享在“Smoky Mountain”上的时刻是如何激励我的。A. cheated作弊，欺骗；B. inspired鼓舞；C. attracted吸引；D. amused娱乐，逗乐。根据上文可知，Smoky Mountain 的经历给了作者激励，从而让他跟一群大学的朋友一起在澳洲开展一项“让贫穷成为历史”的运动。故选B。
45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：多亏了他和其他许多人，我开始明白成为一群人中的一员的重要性，这些人愿意让世界变得更美好，他们站在一起，拥抱我们共同拥有的世界美好的未来。A. hesitating犹豫；B. happening发生；C. afraid害怕，担心；D. willing乐意。be willing to愿意做某事。根据“make the world better, who stand together and embrace (拥抱) the amazing future of the world we share.”可知，这些人愿意让世界变得更美好。故选D。
B
Have you ever imagined turning something into warm blankets? A young girl from Wales is ____46____ just that!
Twelve-year-old Alyssa has spent the past year ____47____ chip bags and then she transforms chip bags into foil (箔纸) warming blankets. She ____48____ them to organizations that support homeless people.
Alyssa got the ____49____ from Pen Huston. He ____50____ survival bags with foil blankets and gives the bags to the homeless who are ____51____.
As a ____52____ environmentalist, Alyssa thinks there’s another ____53____ of using chip bags. “Crisp packets are ____54____ hard to recycle, so this is a new way to stop them going into the _____55_____,” she said.
For each bag, she starts by _____56_____ the collected packet and washing it, then she places four packets on a piece of paper and irons them so they stick together. The last _____57_____ is ironing them to seal it all together. The result is a foil blanket _____58_____ to the ones used in emergencies.
This young lady is really lovely! She’s making good use of her _____59_____ to help others in such a selfless, meaningful way. _____60_____ the great work, Alyssa!
46. A. hoping B. changing C. teaching D. doing
47. A. producing B. studying C. collecting D. improving
48. A. lends B. donates C. passes D. sells
49. A. idea B. suggestion C. ability D. command
50. A. replaces B. compares C. makes D. obtains
51. A. in danger B. in need C. on board D. under stress
52. A. famous B. worldwide C. unique D. little
53. A. way B. benefit C. rule D. principle
54. A. really B. merely C. slightly D. gradually
55. A. bag B. atmosphere C. dustbin D. home
56. A. opening B. removing C. filling D. folding
57. A. tip B. function C. click D. step
58. A. similar B. crucial C. equal D. related
59. A. boxes B. skills C. senses D. images
60. A. Watch for B. Mark out C. Search for D. Keep up
【答案】46. D 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. C 51. B 52. D 53. B 54. A 55. C 56. A 57. D 58. A 59. B 60. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了12岁的小女孩收集薯片袋，然后把它们变成毯子送给无家可归的人的爱心故事。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个来自威尔士的小女孩正在做这件事！A. hoping希望；B. changing改变；C. teaching教；D. doing做。根据上文“Have you ever imagined turning something into warm blankets?(你有没有想过把东西变成温暖的毯子？)”和下文“Twelve-year-old Alyssa has spent the past year ____2____ chip bags and then she transforms chip bags into foil (箔纸) warming blankets.(12岁的Alyssa在过去的一年里……薯片袋，然后她把薯片袋变成了箔纸取暖毯)”可知，Alyssa正在做这件事情。故选D项。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：12岁的Alyssa在过去的一年里一直在收集薯片袋，然后她把薯片袋变成了箔纸取暖毯。A. producing生产；B. studying学习；C. collecting收集；D. improving提高。根据后文“For each bag, she starts by ____11____ the collected packet(对于每个袋子，她先通过……收集的袋子)”可知，Alyssa是在收集薯片袋，其中collect为原文复现。故选C项。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把它们捐给了支持无家可归者组织。A. lends借；B. donates捐赠；C. passes通过；D. sells卖。根据下文“He ____5____ survival bags with foil blankets and gives the bags to the homeless”可知，Alyssa从Pen Huston身上学到可以把做好的箔纸取暖毯捐给无家可归的人。后文的give和B项donate属于近义替换。故选B项。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Alyssa的想法来自Pen Huston。A. idea想法；B. suggestion建议；C. ability能力；D. command掌握。结合后文可知，她是受到Pen Huston的故事的启发，因此，此处是介绍她是如何得到这个想法的。故选A项。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用锡箔毯子制作了救生袋，并将这些袋子送给了需要帮助的无家可归者。A. replaces代替；B. compares比较；C. makes做；D. obtains保留。根据文章首句“Have you ever imagined turning something into warm blankets?”可知，文中Alyssa是把薯片袋变成取暖毯，并且是从Pen Huston身上得到的灵感。所以此处是指Pen Huston把锡箔纸取暖毯做成救生袋。故选C项。
【51题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：他用锡箔毯子制作了救生袋，并将这些袋子送给了需要帮助的无家可归者。A. in danger处于危险之中；B. in need有需要；C. on board在船上；D. under stress处于压力之下。根据前文“She donates them to organizations that support homeless people.”可知，Alyssa和Pen Huston都是在帮助无家可归的人。B项“有需要”指的是有需要的人。故选B项。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个小环保主义者，Alyssa认为使用薯片袋还有一个好处。A. famous有名的；B. worldwide世界的；C. unique独一无二的；D. little小的。根据前文“A young girl from Wales is doing just that!”和“Twelve-year-old Alyssa”可知，Alyssa年纪很小。D意为“小的”，可表示年纪小，和young为近义词互换。故选D项。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个小环保主义者，Alyssa认为使用薯片袋还有一个好处。A. way方法；B. benefit好处；C. rule规则；D. principle原则。根据上文可知，讲了第一个好处就是可以帮助无家可归的人，下文““Crisp packets are ____9____ hard to recycle, so this is a new way to stop them going into the ____10____,” she said.”可知，下文讲了第二个好处。故选B项。
【54题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她说：“薯片包装很难回收，所以这是一种防止薯片袋被扔进垃圾桶的新方法。”A. really实际上、很；B. merely仅仅；C. slightly轻微地；D. gradually逐渐地。结合常识可知，薯片袋和塑料垃圾一样，很难回收。故选A项。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说：“薯片包装很难回收，所以这是一种防止薯片袋被扔进垃圾桶的新方法。”A. bag包；B. atmosphere气氛；C. dustbin垃圾桶；D. home家。根据前文“Crisp packets are really hard to recycle”可知，Alyssa在谈论回收薯片包装的问题，而回收垃圾都是从垃圾桶里回收。故选C项。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于每个袋子，她首先打开收集的袋子并清洗，然后将四个袋子放在一张纸上，并将它们熨烫，使它们粘在一起。A. opening打开；B. removing祛除；C. filling填满；D. folding折叠。结合文意可知，此处是在解释Alyssa是如何制作取暖毯的。为了把薯片袋洗干净，一定要把包装袋展开。故选A项。
【57题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后一步是熨烫，让它们密封在一起。A. tip顶端、小费；B. function功能；C. click点击；D. step步骤。根据上文“For each bag, she starts by opening the collected packet and washing it, then she places four packets on a piece of paper and irons them so they stick together.”可知，讲了制作箔纸毯的步骤，由此可见，空处也是说“最后一步”。故选D项。
【58题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后成果就是一种类似于紧急情况下使用的箔毯。A. similar相似的、类似的；B. crucial关键的；C. equal平等的；D. related相关的。结合常识，在类似火灾、冰雪天等紧急情况下使用的也是类似的箔毯，A项“类似的”符合文意，并且固定短语similar to符合空后to的提示。故选A项。
【59题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她很好地利用自己的技能，以一种无私而有意义的方式帮助别人。A. boxes盒子；B. skills技术；C. senses感觉；D. images图片。结合上文，讲的是Alyssa如何把薯片包装袋做成毯子的方式，这涉及自己的手艺和技术。故选B项。
【60题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：继续努力吧，Alyssa！A. Watch for密切注意；B. Mark out标识出；C. Search for寻找；D. Keep up（使）继续下去。根据前文“She’s making good use of her skills to help others in such a selfless, meaningful way.”作者对Alyssa进行了表扬，由此可以推测出，作者是希望Alyssa继续做好事。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the wide spread of the deadly COVID-19, the healthcare workers have been working day and night to take care of the ____61____ (infect) patients. Here are the details about International Nurses Day.
International Nurses Day ____62____( celebrate) first in 1965 to honour the nurses all over the world for their ____63____ (commit) to medical health and service, ____64____ (urge) people to show care and respect towards nurses.The day also commemorates Florence Nightingale’s birth - the woman____65____is widely regarded as the founder of modern nursing. Florence Nightingale was born on May 12th, 1820, and served ____66____ a trainer of nurses during the Crimean War. During the War, she ____67____ (manage) to care for wounded soldiers at Constantinople. Her contributions gave nursing a favorable reputation and she became a symbol of Victorian culture, ____68____ (especial) as “The Lady with the Lamp”, because of the touching fact ____69____she usually visited wounded soldiers at night. She was also regarded as _____70_____English reformer of modern nursing. Later, she won the Royal Red Cross award in 1883 and Order of Merit award in 1907.
【答案】61. infected
62. was celebrated
63. commitment
64. urging 65. who##that
66. as 67. managed
68. especially
69. that 70. an
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际护士节的来历。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：随着新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的广泛传播，医护人员夜以继日地照顾感染患者。名词patients与infect之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式作定语。故填infected。
【62题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：国际护士节于1965年首次庆祝，以表彰世界各地的护士对医疗健康和服务的承诺，敦促人们对护士表示关心和尊重。根据句中时间状语in 1965可知，用一般过去时。主语International Nurses Day与celebrate之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was celebrated。
【63题详解】
考查名词。句意：国际护士节于1965年首次庆祝，以表彰世界各地的护士对医疗健康和服务的贡献，敦促人们对护士表示关心和尊重。形容词性物主代词their后接名词形式,且为不可数名词，故填commitment。
【64题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：国际护士节于1965年首次庆祝，以表彰世界各地的护士对医疗健康和服务的贡献，敦促人们对护士表示关心和尊重。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语与urge之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作结果状语。故填urging。
【65题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这一天也是为了纪念弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔的诞生，她被广泛认为是现代护理学的奠基人。句中先行词为the woman，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
【66题详解】
考查介词。句意：弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔生于1820年5月12日，在克里米亚战争期间担任护士培训师。serve as担任。故填as。
【67题详解】
考查时态。句意：战争期间，她设法在君士坦丁堡照顾受伤的士兵。根据时间状语During the War可知，用一般过去时。故填managed。
【68题详解】
考查副词。句意：她的贡献使护理工作获得了良好的声誉，她成为了维多利亚文化的象征，尤其是“拿灯的女人”，因为她经常在晚上看望受伤的士兵。句中用副词作状语，修饰介词短语。故填especially。
【69题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：她的贡献使护理工作获得了良好的声誉，她成为了维多利亚文化的象征，尤其是“拿灯的女人”，因为她经常在晚上看望受伤的士兵。本句为同位语从句，解释说明名词fact。从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接代词that引导。故填that。
【70题详解】
考查冠词。句意：她也被认为是英国现代护理的改革家。名词reformer为可数名词，泛指，且English发音以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。
听力答案：1—5 CCCBA 6—10 ACACA 11—15 CAABC 16—20 BBCAA
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