2023年北京第二次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语模拟卷03

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2023年北京第二次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语
仿真模拟试卷 03 解析版
一、听力理解（共25小题；每小题1分，共25分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1分，共20分）
听下面十段对话或独白，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第1段材料，回答第1题。
1．What does the man say about the boss?
A．He is tall. B．He is kind. C．He is childlike.
听第2段材料，回答第2题。
2．What has Peter been doing to annoy Wendy?
A．Studying late at night.
B．Using up all the milk.
C．Leaving the milk out.
听第3段材料，回答第3题。
3．What is the man trying to do?
A．Sit down. B．Buy a chair. C．Take a seat back.
听第4段材料，回答第4题。
4．Where will the speakers meet the woman’s mother?
A．At the farm house.
B．At the restaurant.
C．At the hotel bar.
听第5段材料，回答第5题至第6题。
5．Where are the speakers probably?
A．On a game show. B．In a spaceship. C．In a bank.
6．Who was the first woman in space?
A．Anna Edison. B．Sally K. Ride. C．Valentina Tereshkova.
听第6段材料，回答第7题至第8题。
7．How long will the course last?
A．10 days. B．19 days. C．28 days.
8．Who has the timetable?
A．The Miss. B．The young fellow. C．The woman’s workmate.
听第7段材料，回答第9题至第11题。
9．Where are the speakers?
A．In a classroom. B．In a theater. C．In an office.
10．Why does the man plan to leave early?
A．He is going on vacation.
B．He is going to a performance.
C．He is going to the post office.
11．What does the woman offer to do?
A．Clean the office.
B．Pick up the man’s son.
C．Finish the man’s work.
听第8段材料，回答第12题至第14题。
12．What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A．Teacher and student.
B．Interviewer and interviewee.
C．Husband and wife.
13．What does the woman do in the play?
A．She acts as a young lady.
B．She directs the play.
C．She writes the play.
14．What does the woman want to be after this play?
A．A singer. B．A director. C．A film actor.
听第9段材料，回答第15题至第17题。
15．Why did the woman not go to college?
A．She didn’t pass the exam.
B．She wasn’t interested in college.
C．She couldn’t afford college education.
16．What job does the woman say she did?
A．She was a bus conductor.
B．She was a shop assistant.
C．She was a housekeeper.
17．What did the woman think of her friend’s college life?
A．It was busy. B．It was wonderful. C．It was dull.
听第10段材料，回答第18题至第20题。
18．How old was Tim Berners-Lee probably when he went to Queen’s College?
A．16. B．18. C．20.
19．What did Tim Berners-Lee like doing as a boy?
A．Watching TV at home.
B．Collecting old TV sets.
C．Making toy computers.
20．When did Tim Berners-Lee get the idea of creating the World Wide Web?
A．In 1989. B．In 1990. C．In 1991.
第二节（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分）
听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下第21题至第25题的关键信息。此段对话你将听两遍。
How to Decorate Your New Apartment
Determine the ___21___
• Simple: less color design• Industrial: cool color tones
Break down the plan
• Prioritize what rooms are most ___22___• Start with the ___23___ or the living room
Choose the furniture
• ___24___ for the size you want beforehand • Go to the ___25___ physical store
二、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The problems had started before the trip even began.
It was my first time traveling to Asia. I had ___26___ distances and timing. I had planned to visit Lombok first but booked the flights to Bali, not ___27___ there was an airport in Lombok. Arriving in Bali at 1 p. m. . I was a bit ___28___ . I had read online the last ferry (轮渡)left at 4 p m. and I ___29___ had to take a 1. 5-hour taxi journey to the port and catch the ferry to Lombok.
Upon getting in the taxi, I told the driver the situation and he ___30___ called his friend at the port. He told us the seas were ___31___ so the last ferry was leaving at 2: 30 p. m. , earlier than usual. I started to panic, but my driver was ___32___ to try. His phone rang many times with talks between him and his friend. It was ___33___ to see him put so much effort in for a ___34___ .
When we were about 10 minutes away, his friend ____35____ him that they would hold the boat for us-but we had to ____36____ ! From there on, it was ____37____. It was pouring with rain and there was no road to the port. So, we ____38____ . The driver ____39____ my suitcase and started running, his shoes and uniform all wet.
I arrived just in time to jump onto the boat. I've never been more thankful for someone's ____40____ the whole way through.
26．A．recorded B．expanded C．misjudged D．changed
27．A．knowing B．estimating C．caring D．arguing
28．A．surprised B．disappointed C．worried D．embarrassed
29．A．just B．still C．always D．almost
30．A．cheerfully B．finally C．hesitantly D．immediately
31．A．stormy B．deep C．cold D．broad
32．A．honored B．delighted C．determined D．inspired
33．A．satisfying B．touching C．stressful D．awful
34．A．companion B．customer C．driver D．stranger
35．A．informed B．reminded C．warned D．convinced
36．A．turn B．quit C．wait D．rush
37．A．magic B．madness C．horror D．calmness
38．A．looked back B．turned around C．pulled over D．helped out
39．A．packed B．placed C．removed D．grabbed
40．A．kindness B．trust C．comfort D．admiration
三、阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共16小题；每小题2分，共32分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
They give us paper and fuel, as well as vital ecological services-like cleaning the air, storing carbon and providing habitat. We’re talking about trees, of course. But human changes to the environment largely appear to be causing profound transformations in trees around the world.
In a new study, scientists reviewed global research on trends in tree seedlings (籽苗), growth and death. They combined those data with an analysis of deforestation. And they found that worldwide, older trees are dying at a higher rate than in the past due to factors like rising air temperature, wildfires, drought and pathogens (病原菌).
“And most of the drivers of that decrease in large, old trees are increasing themselves, such as temperature is going up, droughts are more severe, wildfires, windstorms and deforestation are all on the increase—although variable across the globe — they’re generally increasing. And so for both the loss has already occurred, but we expect more continued loss of big, old trees,” said Nate McDowell, an earth scientist at Pacific Northwest National Lab, who was one of the study’s authors.
“So if we have an increasing rate of death, particularly of the larger, older trees, what’s left are the younger trees. So that’s why, on average, through the loss of bigger, older trees, our forests are becoming naturally younger and shorter.”
This is a problem, because old trees are vitally (至关重要) important.
“For sure, the increase in death does limit the carbon storage (储存) of an ecosystem and can force the system to become a carbon source to the atmosphere. The second reason we care is from a biodiversity (生物多样性) perspective (角度): Old trees tend to house a higher biodiversity than young forests do. And another reason is beauty: As a society, we care about these trees. We have national parks named after these big trees. So there’s a personal reason for people to care about this as well.”
41．What’s the result of the new study?
A．Trees are disappearing in a rapid way.
B．The global climate is becoming warmer and warmer.
C．Older trees are dying at a higher rate than before.
D．Wildfires, drought and pathogens happen more often than before.
42．What’s the probable meaning of the underlined word “drivers” in paragraph 3?
A．Operators. B．Factors. C．Researchers. D．Participants.
43．What can we know from what McDowell said?
A．Forests are dying out.
B．It’s hard to prevent the death of forests.
C．Younger trees are growing faster than older trees.
D．The forests are becoming younger and younger.
44．How many reasons are mentioned about the effects of the death of older trees?
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
B
Many people, some even at a very young age, set the goal of graduating from college. One American woman in Texas waited a long time for her chance to reach that goal. The woman, 85-year-old Janet Fein, received her bachelor’s degree from the University of Texas at Dallas in December, 2018.
Fein has had a full life. She has raised five children and then had a career as a secretary until she retired at age 77. But even then, she was not ready to take it easy and rest during a well-earned retirement.
“I didn’t have anything to do in retirement and I didn’t think that playing bingo was up to my speed,” Fein told the Associated Press. She said she decided to major in sociology because she felt it was “substantial”.
Fein grew up in New York City. She said that in high school, she just wanted to finish and get a job. After graduating early, at the age of 16, she went to work as a secretary at a dress manufacturer.
After getting married, she spent 18 years staying home with her children. She held several jobs throughout her life, including 20 years as a secretary at a Dallas hospital. That is the job she retired from. She also worked for 20 years on earning an associate degree, which she received in 1995. But Fein told the AP she also wanted to earn a bachelor’s degree “with all of my heart”.
Fein took part in a state program that lets people who are 65 and older take free classes at public universities in Texas. Estimates show that nationwide, people 65 and older make up less than one percent of U. S. college students.
45．When did Janet Fein retire?
A．In 2008. B．In 2010. C．In 2015. D．In 2020.
46．What can we know from the first three paragraphs?
A．Fein still works as a secretary currently. B．Fein always lives a full and busy life.
C．The old woman is crazy about playing bingo. D．Fein wanted to live an easy life after retirement.
47．Which of the following is the correct order?
a. She earned an associate degree.
b. She retired from a Dallas hospital.
c. She worked at a dress manufacturer.
d. She received her bachelor’s degree.
A．a→b→c→d B．a→d→c→b C．c→a→b→d D．c→b→a→d
48．What’s the best title of the text?
A．Different Ways of Realizing Goals
B．The Retirement Life of the Old Is Colorful.
C．The Process of Receiving a Bachelor’s Degree.
D．Woman Reaches Lifelong Goal of College Degree
C
Ever been hungry enough to eat a house? Now, you actually could.
Food waste is a big problem in Japan and globally. Japan produced around 5.7 million tons of food waste in 2019. The government plans to reduce that by around 2.7 million tons by 2030. Tokyo University researchers Kota Machida and Yuya Sakai have developed a way to transform food waste into cement(水泥) for construction use and more. This is the first-ever process created for making cement entirely from food waste. The researchers say their product is four times as strong as traditional concrete. This particular cement can be used to make things like tea cups or chairs as well. However, there’s one additional feature — it’s also edible(可食的).
Kota and Yuya are the intelligence behind the formation of Fabula Inc., a company with purposes of reducing food waste, and helping fight global warming.
As expected, something this unique took years to develop. It took a few attempts to find just the right process. Kota and Yuya created the unique technology while researching possible environmentally-friendly materials to replace cement-based concrete. Cement production accounts for 8% of the world’s carbon dioxide emissions.
After a few failures, they realized they could get the cement to bind(黏合) by adjusting the temperatures. “The most challenging part was that each type of food waste requires different temperatures,” Yuya said. So the researchers had to observe them and respond in time. In the experiments, Kota and Yuya have successfully made cement using tea leaves, coffee grounds, cabbage and even lunchbox leftovers.
Fabula Inc. is currently working to make tea cups and furniture, but Yuya is thinking a little bit bigger. Their product could provide relief in the form of edible emergency shelters in disaster ones. “For example, if food cannot be delivered to the people, they could eat makeshift beds made out of food cement,” he said. To eat the material, a person needs to break it apart and boil it.
49．Which is one of Kota and Yuya’s purposes in making use of food waste?
A．To handle climate change. B．To offer Fabula Inc. more cement.
C．To warn how serious food waste is. D．To extend concrete’s service life.
50．What did Kota and Yuya assess previously about making edible cement?
A．Its damage to the environment. B．Its cost of recycling the cement.
C．Its difficulties they would face. D．Its popularity among the public.
51．What made the experiment of making cement out of food waste harder?
A．Making sure to make cement tasty. B．Selecting correct food waste timely.
C．Getting cement broken apart easily. D．Regulating the temperatures constantly.
52．What does the underlined word “makeshift” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Bendable. B．Strong. C．Temporary. D．Commercial.
D
In a tiny, lab-grown garden, the first seeds ever sown in lunar dirt have come up. This small crop, planted in samples (样本) returned by Apollo tasks, offers hope that astronauts could someday grow their own food on the moon.
But plants planted in lunar dirt grew more slowly and were thinner than others grown in volcanic(火山的) material from Earth, researchers report 12 May in Communications Biology. That finding suggests that farming on the moon would take a lot more than a gardening skills.
“Ah! It’s so cool!” says a botanist (植物学家) Richard Barker. “Ever since these samples came, back, there’s been botanists that wanted to know what would happen if you grew plants in them,” says Barker, who wasn’t involved in the study. “But everyone knows those precious samples are priceless, and so you can understand why NASA was unwilling to publish them.”
The team planted seeds in tiny pots that each held about a gram of dirt. Four pots were filled with samples returned by Apollo 11, another four with Apollo 12 samples and a final four with dirt from Apollo 17. Another 16 pots were filled with earthly volcanic material used in past experiments to copy moon dirt. All were grown under LED lights in the lab and watered with nutrients.
“Nothing really compared to when we first saw the seedlings as they were coming up in the lunar dirt,” says Anna-Lisa Paul, a plant biologist. “That was a moving experience. We could not speak when we watched the very first plants growing in unique materials.”
Plants grew in all the pots of lunar dirt, but none grew as well as those planted in earthly material. “The healthiest ones were just smaller,” Paul says. The moon-grown plants were tiny. Faced with that, explorers need to do more research to let plants grow strongly on the moon. I believe we will succeed in time.
53．What does the research on plants grown in the lunar dirt show?
A．Growing foods on the moon is necessary.
B．Skills are the key to farming on the moon.
C．Farming’ on the moon needs many factors.
D．Astronauts want to grow food on their own.
54．What can we learn from what Barker said?
A．Some plants need planting in special soils.
B．Botanists are interested in studying new things.
C．It is a selfish action for NASA to keep the secret.
D．The samples brought from the moon are valuable.
55．What does the author think of planting on the moon?
A．It is practical. B．It is hopeful.
C．It only attracts astronauts. D．It challenges most experts.
56．What is the best title for this text?
A．The First Plant Has Been Grown in Moon Dirt
B．Astronauts Have Brought Things Worth Spreading
C．Botanists Have Found a New Kind of Plant Lately
D．Farming on the Moon Has Been Accepted by People
第二节（共4小题；每小题2分，共8分）
阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。
Lillian Hanson, a college junior, expects to graduate in about two years. Mrs. Hanson, a rather unusual student, plans to go on to take more courses after she gets her degree. What makes Mrs. Hanson different from most of her classmates?
What sets Lillian Hanson apart from the college crowd is her age-73 years. She has been going to college, a few courses at a time, for 27 years.
When Mrs. Hanson graduated from high school, she went to her local bank and asked for a loan for college tuition and fees. The banker gave her no encouragement. He didn’t think that a country girl should be borrowing money to go to college. He thought she should be home doing work in the house or around the farm. So Mrs. Hanson went home and raised a family of nine children instead of going to college. She still lives with her husband on the farm that has been in the family for five generations.
Mrs. Hanson never forgot her dream of getting a higher education. When her children were grown up, she tried again.
She finds the hardest part of going back to school at her age to be sitting in class for long periods of time. Because she is not able to move as quickly and easily as she used to be, Mrs. Hanson often gets up and walks around between classes to keep from getting rigid. At the beginning of a course in using the computer, the other students all stood up to give Mrs. Hanson big applause when she introduced herself and explained why she was there and what her goals were.
57．What makes Lillian Hanson different from most of her classmates? (不多于2个单词)
________________________________________________
58．Why did the banker refuse to provide a loan for Lillian Hanson? (不多于16个单词)
________________________________________________
59．What is Mrs. Hanson’s dream? (不多于4个单词)
________________________________________________
60．What does she find the hardest part of going back to school? (不多于8个单词)
________________________________________________
四、书面表达（共1小题，20分）
3月5日是“雷锋日”，你校组织活动，请根据图片写一篇英语短文，内容包括：
1.简要描述图片内容；
2.谈谈你对学雷锋的感想。

注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案
一、听力理解（共25小题；每小题1分，共25分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1分，共20分）
1．A
【原文】W: What do you think of my boss?
M: He certainly towered over me. I felt like a child next to him.
W: Yes, he’s a big guy, but gentle and kind with it.
2．C
【原文】W: Peter, how many times do I have to ask you to put the milk back in the fridge?
M: I’m sorry, Wendy. I’m so forgetful lately. It’s all the study I’m doing. I’ll go to buy more for you.
3．A
【原文】M: Excuse me, could you move along one, so I can get a seat?
W: I’m afraid there are no more seats in this row. Try further back.
4．C
【原文】M: Where did you say we were getting your mom, Erica? At the restaurant?
W: No, she wanted to meet us ahead of time to discuss selling the farm. We’re meeting for a drink first at her hotel.
5．A 6．C

【原文】M: So, Anna, if you answer this question correctly, we’ll put $1 million in your bank account today. Are you ready?
W: Yes. Please go ahead.
M: Well, here’s the question. Who was the first woman to go into space?
W: The answer is American astronaut Sally K. Ride.
M: Oh, Anna, I’m afraid that’s incorrect.
W: I’m sorry, I just remembered Valentina Tereshkova.
M: Yes, the Russian. I’m afraid I need to take your first answer. But you still walk away with $250,000.
W: I guess that’s something.
M: Indeed. Ladies and gentlemen, a round of applause for Anna Edison.
W: Thank you.
7．B 8．C

【原文】M: Excuse me, Miss.
W: Yes, young fellow. What can I do for you?
M: Yes, I’d like to get some information about the winter course about English.
W: Sure.
M: Can you tell me the starting and finishing time of the course, please?
W: Yes. The course begins on December 10 and runs until December 28.
M: Right, and what courses will we learn?
W: Well, you have a variety of courses, such as listening and speaking courses, reading and writing. There are also classes about western cultures and history.
M: Do you have a timetable?
W: Sorry. My workmate isn’t here at the moment.
M: OK. Well, thank you, Miss.
9．C 10．B 11．C

【原文】W: John, I thought you were going to leave early today to take your son to the show.
M: I’m still planning to. But I can’t leave until I finish typing all the letters.
W: Can you leave that until tomorrow?
M: No. The boss wants them first thing tomorrow morning.
W: How many have you got left?
M: About five.
W: Why don’t you just go ahead, John? I’ll do the letters for you.
M: Thank you very much, Janet. You’re so kind.
12．B 13．A 14．B

【原文】M: Excuse me, may I ask you some questions?
W: Go ahead, please.
M: I hear that you are going to put on a new play soon. I’d like to know about what you do in the play. Could you explain exactly what you do?
W: OK. It’s a comedy. The director asked me to play the part of a young lady. We are very busy practising.
M: When will the play be put on?
W: We plan to put it on next week.
M: How do you enjoy your work?
W: Very much, but we have to practise a lot. We practise the movements, and try to remember the lines.
M: What do you plan to do after this play?
W: I intend to take part in a film. And I’ll try to work as a director.
M: I wish you a lot of success.
W: Thank you very much.
15．C 16．B 17．B

【原文】M: Juliet, you chose not to go to college.Why?Was it about money?
W: Well. I don’t want to sit here and say I was too poor to go to college.But the fact is that we didn’t have the money, though my mum probably could have made enough somehow.I probably could have worked harder at school and gotten better grades, so, it is really I didn’t get to go to college.I had a wish to go back to school every other week.It wasn’t just my path.
M: At the time did you feel that you were missing something?
W: My best friend went off to university and I just remember every time I talk to her, it all sounded so fun and so great.Here I was selling tennis shoes and getting on the bus every day to work in town.We both thought the other’s life was so much more exciting.I was trying hard to make enough to pay for my own flat every month and that seemed so exciting to her.And she would talk about studying for finals, and going to parties, and I thought, God, she is so perfect.
18．B 19．C 20．A

【原文】W: Do you know anything about Tim Berners-Lee?
M: Sure. He is a great scientist. He invented the software program known as the World Wide Web in 1989.
W: Can you tell me more about him?
M: Of course. He was born in London, on June 8, 1955. He studied at Queen’s College, Oxford University from 1973 to 1976.
W: Did he show an interest in computers when he was young?
M: Yes. As a boy, he liked making toy computers out of old TV sets.
W: That’s interesting. Where did he work after he left college?
M: He worked as a software engineer at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland in 1980. From 1981 to 1984, he worked at John Poole’s Image Computer Systems, Ltd, in England. But he returned to CERN in 1984.
W: When did he first get the idea of creating the World Wide Web?
M: In March, 1989. Then in 1990, with the help of Robert Cailliau, he made some changes to the proposal and it was accepted by his manager.
W: We all should thank him. Because of his invention, we can share and find almost any information on the Internet.
M: You’re right.
第二节（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分）
21．style 22．important 23．kitchen 24．Measure 25．nearest

【原文】I believe that many of you watching this video have just bought your first apartment. I’m sure you’re excited about having your own home but a little bit anxious about decorating it. Today I would like to share some tips on how to decorate your new home.
If you can determine the decoration style you want for your home, you’re half way there! Otherwise, nothing would match inside your home and you would waste a lot of time and money on things that end up feeling “wrong”. There are currently some trendy styles, such as one that focuses on simplicity with less color design as well as a more industrial style, which is highlighted by cool color tones.
Then break down your home decorating plan, one room at a time. The fastest way to go crazy in your empty home is by decorating the whole house at the same time. Prioritize what rooms are most important and make a decorating plan room by room! Maybe you’ll want to start with your kitchen or the living room.
When all the walls are painted and the floors installed, you can start to choose your furniture. Be sure to measure for the size you want before you walk into furniture stores. Though both online and physical shops are available, I still recommend you go to the nearest physical store, so that you can see the products with your own eyes. Why should you do this? Because it may be troublesome and costly if you want to return the products you have bought online. If you have any other questions, just ask in the comment section.
二、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）
26．C 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．D 31．A 32．C 33．B 34．D 35．A 36．D 37．B 38．C 39．D 40．A

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了我在去旅行时因为计划失误，在当地司机及其朋友的无私帮助之下成功赶上了最后一班渡轮的故事。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我误判了距离和时间。A. recorded记录；B. expanded扩展；C. misjudged误判；D. changed改变。根据后文“I had planned to visit Lombok first but booked the flights to Bali, not ___2___ there was an airport in Lombok.”可知，我不知道龙目岛有飞机场所以定了机票飞到巴厘岛，推断出我误判了距离和时间。故选C项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我原计划先去龙目岛，但预订了去巴厘岛的航班，因为我不知道龙目岛有机场。A. knowing知道；B. estimating估价；C. caring关心；D. arguing争论。根据前文“I had planned to visit Lombok first but booked the flights to Bali,”可知，我计划去龙目岛但是却买了去巴厘岛的机票说明我不知道龙目岛有机场。故选A项。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有一点担心。A. surprised吃惊的；B. disappointed失望的；C. worried担心的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据前文“Arriving in Bali at 1 p. m. .”及后文“I had read online the last ferry （轮渡）left at 4 p m. and I ___4___ had to take a 1. 5-hour taxi journey to the port and catch the ferry to Lombok.”可知，我一点到达巴黎岛还需要坐1.5小时的出租车才能到港口，而最后一班渡轮是4点开船，时间非常紧张，所以推断出我是很担忧的。故选C项。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我在网上读到了最后一班渡轮下午4点离开，我仍然要乘坐出租车1.5小时后到达港口，然后乘渡船前往龙目岛。A. just只是；B. still仍然；C. always一直；D. almost几乎。我坐飞机到达巴厘岛后还要坐出租车去港口，still“仍然”表示事情没有结束接下来还有要做的事情，符合句意。故选B项。
30．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一上车，我就把情况告诉了司机，他立即给他在港口的朋友打了电话。A. cheerfully兴高采烈地；B. finally最后；C. hesitantly犹豫地；D. immediately立刻。根据后文“He told us the seas were ___6___ so the last ferry was leaving at 2: 30 p. m. , earlier than usual.”可知，司机告知我渡轮比以往要离开的早，说明司机在听完我的话后立即就给他的朋友打了电话。故选D项。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我们，当时海上会有暴风雨，所以最后一班渡轮将于下午2:30出发，比平时早。A. stormy有暴风雨的；B. deep深的；C. cold寒冷的；D. broad宽阔的。根据后文“It was pouring with rain and there was no road to the port.”可知，雨下得很大几乎没有通向港口的路，说明司机的朋友告知说船会早开是因为有暴风雨。故选A项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我开始恐慌，但我的司机决心尝试。A. honored尊敬的；B. delighted高兴的；C. determined有决心的；D. inspired鼓舞人心的。根据后文“His phone rang many times with talks between him and his friend.”可知，司机不断在和他的朋友沟通，推断出司机决心送我去港口。故选C项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看到他为一个陌生人付出如此多的努力，真是令人感动。A. satisfying令人满意的；B. touching令人感动的；C. stressful有压力的；D. awful糟糕的。根据后文“I've never been more thankful for someone's ___15___ the whole way through.”可知，我很感激司机的善意，推断出我被司机付出的努力感动。故选B项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到他为一个陌生人付出如此多的努力，真是令人感动。A. companion伙伴；B. customer顾客；C. driver司机；D. stranger陌生人。根据前文“Upon getting in the taxi, I told the driver the situation and he ___5___ called his friend at the port.”可知，我是一名乘客，我坐上出租车才和司机认识的，说明对于司机来说我是一名陌生人。故选D项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们离开大约十分钟时，他的朋友通知他，他们会让船等着我们——但我们必须赶！A. informed通知；B. reminded提醒；C. warned警告；D. convinced使确信。根据后文“they would hold the boat for us”可知，司机的朋友将会让船等着我们，也就是说，这个消息是司机的朋友通知我们的。故选A项。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们离开大约十分钟时，他的朋友告诉他，他们会让船等着我们——但我们必须赶！A. turn转身；B. quit停止；C. wait等待；D. rush冲。根据后文“I arrived just in time to jump onto the boat.”可知，当时我去港口需要1.5小时而距离开船也需要1.5小时，说明我们需要赶时间。故选D项。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，这就是疯狂。A. magic奇迹；B. madness疯狂；C. horror恐怖；D. calmness平静。根据后文“It was pouring with rain and there was no road to the port.”可知，雨下的很大甚至都看不见路，我和司机又要赶时间去港口，说明接下来的事情是一件很疯狂的事情。故选B项。
38．考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以，我们把车停在了路边。A. looked back回顾；B. turned around转身；C. pulled over停车；D. helped out帮助。根据前文“It was pouring with rain and there was no road to the port.”可知，雨很大看不见道路，所以司机只能把车停在路边。故选C项。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：司机拿起我的行李箱开始奔跑，他的鞋子和制服都湿透了。A. packed打包；B. placed放置；C. removed去除；D. grabbed拿起。根据前文“but we had to ___11___”可知，我的时间很紧迫我需要赶紧登上渡轮，推断出司机也很着急，他为了让我不要误船帮我拿行李箱。故选D项。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从未像现在这样感激别人的好意。A. kindness好意；B. trust信任；C. comfort安慰；D. admiration钦佩。根据前文“His phone rang many times with talks between him and his friend.”及“The driver ___14___ my suitcase and started running, his shoes and uniform all wet.”可知，司机不仅帮我联系他的朋友让渡轮等我，开车送我去港口的同时还在大雨中帮我拿行李，推断出司机的行为是善意的。故选A项。
三、阅读理解（共两节，40分）
A
41．C 42．B 43．D 44．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最近的一项新研究结果：由于更大、更老的树木的消失，我们的森林正变得更年轻、更矮小。
41．细节理解题。根据第二段“And they found that worldwide, older trees are dying at a higher rate than in the past due to factors like rising air temperature, wildfires, drought and pathogens (病原菌). (他们发现，在世界范围内，由于气温上升、野火、干旱和病原体等因素，老树的死亡速度比过去要快)”可知，这项新研究的结果是老树比以前死得更快。故选C。
42．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“such as temperature is going up, droughts are more severe, wildfires, windstorms and deforestation are all on the increase”可知，后文列举了“气温升高，干旱加剧，森林大火，风暴和森林砍伐都在增加”这些导致大型老树数量减少的因素。故画线词drivers指的是“因素、原因”之意。故选B。
43．推理判断题。根据第四段中“So that’s why, on average, through the loss of bigger, older trees, our forests are becoming naturally younger and shorter. (这就是为什么，平均而言，随着更大、更老的树木的消失，我们的森林自然地变得更年轻、更短)”可知，森林正变得更年轻、更矮小。故选D。
44．细节理解题。根据最后一段““For sure, the increase in death does limit the carbon storage (储存) of an ecosystem and can force the system to become a carbon source to the atmosphere. The second reason we care is from a biodiversity (生物多样性) perspective (角度): Old trees tend to house a higher biodiversity than young forests do. And another reason is beauty: As a society, we care about these trees. We have national parks named after these big trees. So there’s a personal reason for people to care about this as well.” (“当然，死亡数量的增加确实限制了生态系统的碳储存，并可能迫使该系统成为大气中的碳源。我们关心的第二个原因是从生物多样性的角度来看：老树往往比年轻森林拥有更高的生物多样性。另一个原因是美丽：作为一个社会，我们关心这些树木。我们有以这些大树命名的国家公园。所以人们关心这个也是有个人原因的。”)”可知，作者提到“生态环境、生物多样性和美学角度”三个方面的原因。故选B。
B
45．B 46．B 47．C 48．D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了85岁高龄的老太太最终获得学士学位、实现自己梦想的故事。
45．细节理解题。 根据第一段“The woman, 85-year-old Janet Fein, received her bachelor’s degree from the University of Texas at Dallas in December, 2018. ( 85岁的珍妮特·费恩于2018年12月从德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校获得学士学位)”和第二段“She has raised five children and then had a career as a secretary until she retired at age 77. (她养育了5个孩子，之后一直从事秘书工作，直到77岁退休)”可知，珍妮特·费恩在2018年时85岁，她退休是在77岁的时候，故在2018－（85-77）=2010年退休。故选B。
46．推理判断题。根据第二段“Fein has had a full life. She has raised five children and then had a career as a secretary until she retired at age 77. But even then, she was not ready to take it easy and rest during a well-earned retirement. (费恩的人生很充实。她养育了5个孩子，之后一直从事秘书工作，直到77岁退休。但即便如此，她还没有准备好在自己应得的退休生活中放松和休息)”可知，珍妮特·费恩总是过着充实而忙碌的生活。故选B。
47．细节理解题。根据第四段“After graduating early, at the age of 16, she went to work as a secretary at a dress manufacturer. (16岁提前毕业后，她去一家服装制造商当秘书)”可知，c排序第一，故排除A、B选项；根据倒数第二段“She also worked for 20 years on earning an associate degree, which she received in 1995. (她还工作了20年，获得了副学士学位，并于1995年获得了学位)”可知，a排序第二，故排除D选项。故正确顺序是c→a→b→d，故选C。
48．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Many people, some even at a very young age, set the goal of graduating from college. One American woman in Texas waited a long time for her chance to reach that goal. The woman, 85-year-old Janet Fein, received her bachelor’s degree from the University of Texas at Dallas in December, 2018. (许多人，有些人甚至在很小的时候，就设定了大学毕业的目标。德克萨斯州的一名美国妇女为实现这一目标等待了很长时间。85岁的珍妮特·费恩于2018年12月从德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校获得学士学位)”结合本篇文章主要讲述了一位85岁的老太太获得学士学位，最终实现了自己梦想的故事。D选项“女子达到大学学位的终身目标”最符合文章标题。故选D。
C
49．A 50．C 51．D 52．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的研究发现，日本的科研人员已经开发出一种将食物垃圾转化为建筑用水泥的方法。
49．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Kota and Yuya are the intelligence behind the formation of Fabula Inc., a company with purposes of reducing food waste, and helping fight global warming.(Kota和Yuya是Fabula公司成立背后的智谋家，这家公司的宗旨是减少食物浪费，帮助对抗全球变暖。)”可知，这家公司成立的目的是减少食物浪费以对抗全球变暖。故选A。
50．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“As expected, something this unique took years to develop.(不出所料，这种独特的东西花了数年时间才开发出来。)”可知，他们之前就预料到研究可食用水泥会遇到很多困难，需要很长时间。故选C。
51．细节理解题。根据文章第五段““The most challenging part was that each type of food waste requires different temperatures,” Yuya said. So the researchers had to observe them and respond in time.(Yuya说：“最具挑战性的部分是每种食物垃圾需要不同的温度。”因此，研究人员必须观察它们并及时做出反应。)”可知，这个实验最大的难处在于每种食物垃圾需要不同的温度，所以研究人员需要一直调节温度。故选D。
52．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上一句“Fabula Inc. is currently working to make tea cups and furniture, but Yuya is thinking a little bit bigger. Their product could provide relief in the form of edible emergency shelters in disaster ones.(Fabula Inc.目前正在生产茶杯和家具，但Yuya想要做得更大一些。他们的产品可以在灾难中以可食用的紧急避难所的形式提供救济。)”可知，他们正在研究可以在灾难中可食用的生活用品。根据划线单词后“beds made out of food cement(用食品水泥做成的床)”可知，这张床是用可食用的水泥制成的。所以这张床只是临时床，主要是为受灾的人提供食物。选项A“Bendable (可弯曲的)”；选项B“Strong(强壮的)”；选项C“Temporary (临时的)”；选项D“Commercial (商业的)”。故选C。
D
53．C 54．D 55．B 56．A

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了第一批在月球土壤中播种的种子已经发芽，但是同时研究人员也发现种植在月球土壤中的植物比种植在地球火山物质中的植物生长得更慢，也更瘦弱。
53．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But plants planted in lunar dirt grew more slowly and were thinner than others grown in volcanic(火山的) material from Earth, researchers report 12 May in Communications Biology. That finding suggests that farming on the moon would take a lot more than a gardening skills.(但是，研究人员在5月12日的《通讯生物学》上报告说，种植在月球土壤中的植物比种植在地球火山物质中的植物生长得更慢，也更弱。这一发现表明，在月球上耕种需要的不仅仅是园艺技能。)”可知，该发现表明，在月球上耕种不仅仅需要园艺技能，还需要考虑很多因素。故选C。
54．细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容““Ah! It’s so co!” says a botanist (植物学家) Richard Barker. “Ever since these samples came, back, there’s been botanists that wanted to know what would happen if you grew plants in them,” says Barker, who wasn’t involved in the study. “But everyone knows those precious samples are priceless, and so you can understand why NASA was unwilling to publish them.”(“啊!太酷了！植物学家理Richard Barker说。Barker说:“自从这些样本回来后，就有植物学家想知道如果你在里面种植植物会发生什么。” Barker没有参与这项研究。“但每个人都知道这些珍贵的样本是无价的，所以你可以理解为什么NASA不愿意公布它们。”)可知，这些来自月球的植物样本非常珍贵。故选D。
55．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The moon-grown plants were tiny. Faced with that, explorers need to do more research to let plants grow strongly on the moon. I believe we will succeed in time.(月球上生长的植物很小。面对这种情况，探险者需要做更多的研究，让植物在月球上茁壮成长。我相信我们终将成功。)”可知，作者对于在月球上种植物还是极具信心，充满希望的。故选B。
56．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“In a tiny, lab-grown garden, the first seeds ever sown in lunar dirt have come up. This small crop, planted in samples (样本) returned by Apollo tasks, offers hope that astronauts could someday grow their own food on the moon.(在一个小小的实验室花园里，第一批在月球土壤中播种的种子已经发芽。这种在阿波罗任务带回的样品中种植的小作物给宇航员带来了希望，有朝一日他们可以在月球上种植自己的食物。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要报道了第一批在月球土壤中播种的种子已经发芽，以及研究人员相关的一些发现。所以“The First Plant Has Been Grown in Moon Dirt(第一批植物在月球的泥土中生长)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。
第二节（共4小题；每小题2分，共8分）
57．Her age. 58．Because he didn’t think that a country girl should be borrowing money to go to college. 59．Getting a higher education 60．Sitting in class for long periods of time./Sitting in class for a long time.

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一名叫Lillian Hanson的妇女由于年轻时没钱而错过了接受高等教育的机会，为了实现自己上大学的梦想，她在73岁高龄时重返校园的故事。
57．考查细节理解。根据第二段“What sets Lillian Hanson apart from the college crowd is her age-73 years.（使Lillian Hanson与其他的大学生与众不同的是他73岁的年龄）”可知，Lillian Hanson与其他同学的不同之处是年龄，故答案为Her age。
58．考查细节理解。根据第三段“He didn’t think that a country girl should be borrowing money to go to college.（他认为一个乡下女孩不应该借钱去上大学。）”可知，银行家不愿意提供贷款的原因是觉得乡下女孩不应该上大学，故答案为Because he didn’t think that a country girl should be borrowing money to go to college。
59．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Mrs. Hanson never forgot her dream of getting a higher education.（Hanson从来没有忘记她接受高等教育的梦想。）”可知，Hanson的梦想是接受高等教育，故答案为Getting a higher education。
60．考查细节理解。根据第五段“She finds the hardest part of going back to school at her age to be sitting in class for long periods of time.（她发现在她这个年纪重返校园最难的事情就是在班上长时间坐着听课。）”可知，Hanson觉得上学最难的部分是长时间坐着上课，故答案为Sitting in class for long periods of time./Sitting in class for a long time。
四、书面表达（共1小题，20分）
One possible version:
Lei Feng Day falls on March 5, when students participated in various voluntary activities to inherit and spread Lei Feng’s spirit.
As is shown in the pictures, some students helped clean up the rubbish on the ground to beautify our surroundings, while others warmly showed the way to the children who lost their way.
We should learn from Lei Feng with our practical deeds and be a “Lei Feng” in the new era, ready to help others in trouble. Sometimes, it is our random acts of kindness that make our society a harmonious world.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于看图作文。3月5日是“雷锋日”，你校组织活动，请根据图片写一篇英语短文。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：participate in→take part in
有困难：in trouble→in difficulty
各种各样的：various→a variety of
行为：deed→behavior
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We should learn from Lei Feng with our practical deeds and be a “Lei Feng” in the new era, ready to help others in trouble.
拓展句：We should learn from Lei Feng with our practical deeds so that we can be a “Lei Feng” in the new era, ready to help others in trouble.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Lei Feng Day falls on March 5, when students participated in various voluntary activities to inherit and spread Lei Feng’s spirit. (运用了when引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Sometimes, it is our random acts of kindness that make our society a harmonious world. (运用了强调句)