2023年中考英语语法复习：常考情态动词的用法归纳

2023年初中英语语法：常考情态动词的用法归纳4

情态动词will与would的用法归纳

1.表示意愿

will 表示现在的意愿，would表示过去的意愿。如:

I will bring it tomorrow. 我明天会把它带来。

We will not go there again. 我们不会再去那里。

He asked if I would go to the cinema with him.他问我是否愿同他一起去看电影。

If you will allow me. I will see you home.如果你同意，我可以送你回家。

If you will come, we will be glad.假如你能来的话，我们就会很高兴。

2.表示征求意见或提出请求

will和would均可用，主要用于第二人称的疑问句中，would此时并不表过去，而表示委婉语气。如:

Will/would you please tell me the way to the post office?请告诉去邮局的路好吗?

Will / Won't you have some tea? 你喝点茶，好吗 ?

You wouldn't have the time to phone him, would you?你现在没有那么多时间给他打电话是吧?

would有时与like, love, hate, prefer, be glad, be happy等连用，用于提出建议或邀请。如:

Would you like some cake or biscuit? 你要吃点蛋糕还是饼干?

I'd like / love a coffee.我倒想喝杯咖啡。

I would hate you to think I was criticizing you.我可不愿意让你觉得我是在批评你。

3.表示习惯和倾向性

will表示现在，would表示过去。如:

A bear will not touch a dead body. 熊通常不碰死尸。

Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。

This door won't open. 这扇门打不开。

He will sit for hours without saying a word. 他经常一坐数小时而不发一言。

She would lose the key! 她总是把钥匙弄丢了。

When he was a child. he would often go skiing. 他小时候经常去滑雪。

He told me the box wouldn't open. 他告诉我箱子打不开了。

4.表示推测

will用于推测现在，would用于推测过去，也可用于推测现在，语气较委婉。如:

This bus will hold 40 people.这辆大客车可以坐40人。

The teacher will be over fifty. 老师的年龄大概过五十了吧?

That would be in 1978,I think.我看这事发生在1978年。

That would be her father. 这大概是他妈。

有时will/would+完成式，表示对过去可能已经发生的情况的推测。如:

He will have heard the news. 他已经听到那消息了吧。

I thought you would have finished it bv now. 我想你现在可能已经做完了吧。

6.表示执意或决心

will表示现在，would表示过去。如:

He will have his own way. 他坚持要一意孤行。

I won't have you say such things. 我可不许你说这样的话。

He would do it, though I told him not to.虽然我叫他不要做，可是他偏要做。

7.表示命令、许诺、指示、叮嘱等

You will carry out these instructions and report back this afternoon.你要执行这些指示并在今天下午报告执行情况。

Will you be quiet! 安静点儿!

You will have your share. 你会得到你那一份的。

8.would用于评论某一特定的行为

That's just what he would say. 他就是爱说这种话。

It would rain on the day we choose for a picnic!我们哪天去野餐，哪天就准下雨!

9. would表示过去反复发生的动作

Now and then he would come to see me. 他时不时来看我。

We would play catch here. 我们以前常在这儿玩捉球游戏。

10.would用于虚拟条件句

If I had money. I would go abroad. 假如我有钱我定会到国外去。

If he had been there. he would have helped you.假如他那时在场，他定会帮肋你的。

情态动词ought to的用法归纳

1.表示义务或责任

表示义务或责任，意为“应该”:

You ought to work harder. 你应该更努力工作。

Teachers ought to be honored. 教师应当受到尊敬。

Every citizen ought to obey law. 每个公民都应守法。

2.表示建议或劝告

2.表示建议或劝告，意为“应该”:

There ought to be more buses during the rush hour.高峰期间应公共汽车该多发几辆。

You ought to see her new film. 你应该看看她新拍的电影。

We oughtn't to take risks. 我们不宜于冒险。

3.表示推断

3.表示推断，意为“应该”、“可能”:

(1)ought to+动词原形，表示对现在或将来情况的推测。如:

Prices ought to come down soon.价格可能会很快下跌。

If he started at nine. he ought to be here by now.要是他九点钟出发，现在该到了。

That ought to be enough food for all of us. 那些该够我们大家吃的了。

(2)ought to +进行式，表示对正在发生的情况的推测。如:

You oughtn't to be talking so much. 你不该讲这么多话。

You ought not to be sitting here. It's for old man only你不该坐在这儿，这是老人专座。

You ought to be wearing your shirt. 你该穿衬衫。

(3)ought to+完成式，表示对过去情况的推测;也可表示过去本该发生而实际上未发生的情况:

The table-tennis game ought to /should have finished by now.乒乓球比赛现在应该已经结束了。

There are many books which I ought to have read. and still ought to read.有许多书我过去就应该看的，现在还应该看。

I ought to have helped her, but I never could.我本该帮助她的，却从未能这样做。

You ought to have come earlier. 你本该来得早一点儿。

She ought to have been a teacher. 她本该当教师。

4.ought to用于否定句和疑问句

在否定式中用ought not 或oughtn’t，在疑问中将ought提到主语之前。如:

They ought to go now, oughtn't they? 他们现在该走了，是吗?

Ought we (to) be in Taipei by now? 他们现在大概已经到北京了吧?

-Ought I to go? 我该去吗?

-Yes, you ought (to).对，你该去。

5. ought to与 should的用法区别

一般说来，二者可替换，只是ought to语气稍重些。如:

He ought to / should have arrived long ago.他早就该到了。

You should /ought to have come yesterday.你应该昨天来的。

(1)表示因责任、义务等或表示出于法令规则、行为准则、道德责任等客观情况该做的事时，常用ought to;should则含有个人意见，强调主观看法。如:

You are his parents. You ought to take care of him.你们是他的父母，应当管他。

They oughtn't to let their dog run on the road他们不该把狗放出来满街跑。

Such things ought not to be allowed.这类事不该允许。

(2)在公告、须知或条例中，出于礼貌，常用should:

You should not run alongside the swimming-pool. 不准在游泳池边奔跑。

情态动词shall与should的用法比较与归纳

1.shall用在陈述句中

①用于主语为第一人称，表示单纯将来，意为“将要,会”如:

I shall be eighteen next March.明年三月我将十八岁了。

We shall arrive tomorrow. 我们将于明日到达。

用于第一人称还可表示意志。如:

I shall return. 我一定回来。

I shall never forget you. 我永远忘不了你。

②用于陈述句第二、三人称,表示说话者的意图、警告、命令、威胁、许诺、规定等。如:

You shall not catch me so easily next time.你下次不会那么容易就能抓到我了。

Tommy shall have a toy, if he is a good boy.如果汤米是个好孩子，他就可以得到一个玩具。

The students shall wear uniforms. 学生们应穿校服。

2.shall用在疑问句中

shall在疑问句中用于征求对方意见。如:

Shall I open the window? 你要我打开窗子吗?

Shall we all go to the film tonight? 我们今晚都去看电影吗?

Shall he go there instead of you? 他要代你去那里吗?

Let's go on to the next question, shall we?我们接着下一个问题，好啊?

3.should表示义务或责任

should表示义务或责任时，意为“应该”:

Children should obey their parents.儿童应该服从他们的父母。

We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。

You should pay your debts. 你应该还债。

4. should 表示建议或劝告

should 表示建议或劝告意为“应该”:

You should brush your teeth before you go to bed.你在睡前应该刷牙。

There should be pipes for hot water. 应该有热水管。。

You should go and ask our teacher. 你应该去问问老师。

5. should 表示委婉而郑重的说法

表示委婉而郑重的说法，用于第一人称，意为“想”。如:

I should like to make a phone call. 我想打个电话。

I'd like to go to the concert with you next Sunday.下星期天我想请你和我一起去听音乐会。

He was about thirty, I should think. 我以为他大约三十岁。

6. should 用于征求意见

该用法与Shal1I/we...?的用法相似。如:

Should I open the window? 我可以打开窗户吗?

Where should we meet tonight? 今晚我们该在哪儿见面 ?

7. should 表示推断

意为“应该”、“可能”。

(1)should+动词原形，表示对现在或将来情况的推测。如:

They should arrive at noon. 他们该在中午到达。

It should be fine tomorrow. 明天可能天晴。

The photo should be ready tomorrow morrow明天早晨照片可能冲印出来。

(2)should+进行式，表示对正在发生的情况的推测。如:

You should be wearing your sunglasses.你现在应当戴太阳镜。

Why should you sitting there doing nothing?你干吗坐在那儿闲呆着?

You shouldn't be working like that. You're still so weak. 你不应当这样干，你身体还很弱。

(3)should+完成式，表示对过去情况的推测，或表示过去应该发生而实际上未发生的情况。如:

They should have arrived in Beijing by this time.他们这个时候该到北京了。

I should have gone there alone. 我当时应该一个人去那儿的。

He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.他本应知道这样的事情警察是决不允许的。

(4)should+完成进行式，表示“应当一直在…”如:

You should have been helping him.Why haven't you?你是应当在帮助他的，怎么没帮?

8.should表示意外或惊讶

It's strange that their team should win the first prize.真奇怪，他们队竟然会得一等奖。

Why should I be angry with you? 我怎么会生你的气呢?

How should I know? 我怎么会知道?

9.should用于宾语从句或间接引语

should 用于宾语从句或间接引语，表示“将”。如:

We said we shouldn't arrive til1 6.我们说讨我们六点才能到。

I said that I should succeed. 我说我会成功。

10.should 用在虚拟句中

I should have bought it if I had enough money.如果当时我有足够的钱，我会把它买下来的。

If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be postponed.要是明天下雨,比赛就延期举行。

It is a pity that the building should have been burnt down.那座建筑物会被烧毁，真是一件憾事。

It is decided that he should be sent to the country. 已决定他要被派往那个国家。

I insist that he should pay. 我坚持要他付款。

It is natural that they should get angry.他们会生气是必然的。

l1.should 表示不确定

should表示不确定，意为“万一”。如:

If I should see him, I'll tell him.万一我见到他，我就告诉他。

If I should die. you would get the money.如果我死了，这钱就归你。

If you should ever come up this way, don't fail to look in.万一走过我们这里，请进来坐坐。