2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习专题三完形填空先完义再完形第三讲巧取语篇层次题和规避5大易错点智取完形拉分题

第三讲　巧取语篇层次题和规避5大易错点智取完形拉分题

一、巧取语篇层次题

语篇层次是最高的考点层次，也是学生拉分题，此类试题需要阅读全篇， 站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确的答案。

技法1　利用首尾呼应关系解题

经典感悟●

[典例]　　[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷] My life as a tax­paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.

My best friend Betsy's father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 41.made little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its 42.stores throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for  __43__ help during our spring break，for which I had no 44.plans beyond listening to my favorite records. I'd 45.earn minimum wage.

43．A.generous　　　　　　B．financial

C．technical    D．temporary

解析：　根据首句中的“in middle school”和“for three whole days”可推知，作者是短期打工， 再结合空后的“during our spring break”可知。 此处表示春假期间，市中心的工厂需要临时找八个孩子来帮忙。

自主解答：________

答题微点●

1．解题依据：完形填空的题眼往往出现在文章的开头。通过把握首句，可以确定文章的主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等，从而把握文章的发展方向，达到顺利“入题”的目的。

2．图解技巧

技法2　利用文章发展脉络解题

经典感悟●

[典例]　[2022·全国甲卷]You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.

...

The next week we  47.walked our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our  48.breath,__Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚)? I liked him too, but so 49.soon？He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 50.In__that__moment，I began to fall for him.

...

 A year later, much to my  58.delight,__this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I  59.need him to. That's only for giving  __60__ to the dogs that brought us together.

60．A.toys    B．awards

C．food    D．water

解析：此处呼应第三段中的“He poured water...to my dogs...I began to fall for him”可知，此处指下跪只是为了给把作者和史蒂夫带到一起的狗喝水(water)。

自主解答：________

答题微点●

1．解题依据：叙事型完形填空文章在行文结构上往往包括：开端——故事发展——高潮——结局等不同情节，考生应梳理文章发展脉络，理清行文结构。

2．解析：本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。文章首段提出了一个观点：一个人如何对待他的狗，你就能判断这个人。根据下文可知，作者是一位动物爱好者，她的约会对象史蒂夫也是一位动物爱好者。在两人约会的过程中，史蒂夫喂作者的小狗喝水的一幕深深打动了作者。一年之后，作者欣然接受了史蒂夫的求婚。

3．名师点津：

二、规避5大易错点智取完形拉分题

高考担负着区分考生、选拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中总有2～3道较难题目成为考生取得优异成绩的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有以下几点：①解题信息比较隐蔽；②干扰项迷惑性较强；③情感态度较难把握；④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，考生除了需要具备扎实的语言功底外，还应谨慎小心应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空的五大易错点，旨在让考生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而后判。

　　完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词(组)或义近词(组)让考生辨析，因为形式相近或意义相近，无形中增加了难度，如果考生掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易选错。

[典例]　[2021·全国甲卷]“I have 55.matured and I admit responsibility for my 56.actions，” he said in the letter. “I come to you, __57__， to apologize for the damage I had 58.indirectly caused and to ask you to 59.reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel.”

57．A.hands in pockets　B．nose in the air

C．hat in hand    D．feet on the ground

解析：四个备选项在形式上非常相似，基本都是名词＋介词＋名词的词组，部分考生很容易因混淆而失分。本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据空后“...apologize for the damage”可推测作者的态度是谦卑的。 hat in hand恭敬地(乞求或请求); hands in pockets双手插兜；nose in the air目中无人；feet on the ground脚踏实地。考生如果完全掌握了这四个词组，很容易选出正确选项。

自主解答：________

易错点2因词汇理解障碍而错选

在完形填空题的设题上，课标词汇中较为生僻的单词以及由课标词组成的较生僻的短语也逐渐出现在选项中。考生在备考时要对照课标词汇表查漏补缺， 多积累由课标词组成的生僻词汇， 做到课标词汇无遗漏。

[典例1]　[2022·全国乙卷]For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was  __44__ as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 45.surprising__research results in child developmental psychology 46.contradicted that idea.

44．A.supported    B．guaranteed

C．imagined    D．interpreted

解析：本题考查语境推断。联系上下文可知，长久以来，儿童躲藏时只遮住自己眼睛的做法成了“儿童是极其以自我为中心的人”这一结论的证据。由本段最后一个词idea的提示也可推断，这只是人们的一种观点和理解方式。本题的选择难度在于interpreted “把……理解为”，对于同学们而言是一个相对陌生的词汇，一些考生可能因为词汇积累不够，又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。

自主解答：________

[典例2]　[2022·全国乙卷]For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was interpreted as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 45.surprising research results in child developmental psychology  __46__ that idea.

46．A.explained    B．confirmed

C．contradicted    D．tested

解析：根据语境可知，我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊奇的研究发现反驳了那个观点。本题的选择难度在于contradicted “反驳”，对于同学们而言是一个相对陌生的词汇，因词汇理解障碍而失分。

自主解答：________

易错点3因不明一词多义和熟词生义而错选

在最近几年的高考完形填空中，对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。

[典例1]　[2021·浙江6月卷]My mother is 92. Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her 36.shopping and visit the doctor, providing __37__ and transportation.

37．A.reward    B．medicine

C．company    D．shelter

解析：句意：除非我必须出城，否则每周我都带我的妈妈去购物、看医生，提供陪伴和交通。由语境和常识可知，此处指陪伴。company的含义较多，可表示“公司；剧团；陪伴；来宾”，考生在遇到多义词时要结合具体语境进行分析和判断。

自主解答：________

[典例2]　[2021·全国乙卷]When she 53.reached one nurse, she tried to press a five­pound note into her hand. My colleague 54.refused to accept it, saying that we were all just 55.doing our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then 56.replied:__“Oh this isn't for the 57.care I had. I take that as a __58__. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.”

58．A.goal    B．given

C．push    D．greeting

解析：这位病人看上去很困惑，然后回答道：“哦，这钱不是因为我受到的照顾给的，我认为那理所当然。这钱是因为昨天帮我做头发给的。”given熟义的give的过去分词，此处用作名词，表示“可以肯定的基本事实”。given还可作介词，表示“鉴于，考虑到”。

自主解答： ________

易错点4因惯性思维而错选

在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令考生产生一些思维定式，即不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，导致误解一些题目，从而抑制思维能力的发展。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况：

①学习单词时受到的思维定式影响：有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化，只记忆中文意思，而不深刻理解实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。②学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响。

[典例]　[2021·天津3月卷]For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was  __19__ his stolen bike.But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking：What if the 20.lack of bikes was COVID­19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed 21.transportation to get to work?

19．A.ride    B．lock

C．repair    D．replace

解析：普鲁特作为热衷骑自行车的人，自行车被偷，他首先要做的应该是换一辆自行车，D项“replace”符合语境。 但考生受思维定式影响，可能看到后文的“bike”就下意识地以为选择ride a bike这个固定搭配，从而误选A项。

自主解答：________

易错点5因抓不住文章主线而错选

完形填空的考查点依附于语篇， 而语篇具有连贯性，这就要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答，读完全文后综合考虑再做判定。

[典例]　[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]He bought a book and was 53.surprised to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same __54__ as his father's painting.

“That's the garden in our picture，” Nicolo's son told his father.

54．A.room    B．kitchen

C．hall    D．garden

解析：由下文中“That's the garden in our picture”的garden可知，尼科洛的儿子买的一本书中皮尔·波纳尔的图片中的椅子和花园跟尼科洛得到的画中是一模一样，这应该是让人惊讶的。

自主解答：________

练重点练难点·创新应用体验

Test 1

[2022·沈阳市高三质量监测(一)]She was dancing. My disabled grandmother was dancing. I stood in the living­room doorway absolutely __1__.  I looked how her body bent beautifully, her arms greeting the sunlight that was __2__ through the window. And her legs...Those legs that had __3__ walked, aided with a walking stick as long as I could remember. Now she was wearing beautiful dancing shoes and her legs __4__ her perfectly.

She turned around and saw me standing in the doorway. Her beautiful movement ended so __5__ that it felt like being shaken awake from a beautiful dream. Grandma looked so much like a kid __6__ with her hand in a cookie jar. Grandma sighed and gave me the whole story.

“__7__， my legs have been well all my life，” she said. She thought for a while and then continued. “We were talking about the engagement when your grandfather had to go to war. I put all my energy and time into __8__.  I was invited to perform with the best and one day I realized I was considered to be one of them. And then one day a letter from the __9__ came.  He lost his leg and  asked me to forget about him.”

“What happened then？” I __10__ her.“I made my decision __11__. I loved him so much that I didn't want to lose him. I told everyone I had been in a car __12__ and that my legs would never completely heal again. My dancing days were over. I only danced at home when no one was around and never __13__ my decision. I figured I could change a few years of fame to a lifetime of __14__. And I was right. It was worth it.”

Tears filled my eyes. I was thinking about how much joy we could bring to each others' lives.  I know people who have chosen to __15__ a lot and done it gladly to achieve something they considered worthwhile, just like my grandma.

1．A.astonished    B．amused

C．annoyed    D．ashamed

2．A.sticking    B．rising

C．pouring    D．lifting

3．A.rapidly    B．inflexibly

C．firmly    D．freely

4．A.obeyed    B．followed

C．stretched    D．pushed

5．A.early    B．slowly

C．weakly    D．suddenly

6．A.beaten    B．caught

C．banned    D．forgiven

7．A.To begin with

B．To sum up

C．To tell the truth

D．To make matters worse

8．A.dancing    B．singing

C．working    D．exercising

9．A.hometown    B．battlefield

C．ballroom    D．campground

10．A.confirmed    B．persuaded

C．hurried    D．greeted

11．A.here and there    B．up and down

C．day and night    D．there and then

12．A.race    B．crash

C．ride    D．park

13．A.regretted    B．accepted

C．defended    D．supported

14．A.loss    B．gift

C．love    D．pain

15．A.go over    B．take off

C．put away    D．give up

[答题区]

1～5　 __________　6～10　__________

11～15    __________

Test 2

[2022·湖北高三十一校第一次联考]I received a private message on my social media. It began harmlessly enough.  “Hi, girl. Want to  __1__  you to join my next challenge group—We will be  __2__  on 60 minutes of exercise and balanced nutrition.”  It was all becoming too much. Social media was  __3__  my life, not me.

    But what killed social media for me was when I __4__ a photo and my son asked me how many “likes” it had got.  His question was a __5__  call.  “Likes” are signs of acceptance and  __6__. I had forgotten they both need to come from within and had __7__    set him a bad example.

     To recreate the simplicity of those days and set a __8__  example for my son, I deactivated (解除) my social media   __9__.  I had been in the habit of __10__  social media many times a day, so I had to come up with some new habits. I __11__   a novel and a crossword puzzle book around with me. I rediscovered knitting and yoga classes.

     I started to __12__   a few things.  My body is fine just the way it is. I have friends who will help me out when I am   __13__.  I do my best to be a good mother and my son is happy and healthy.

      I stopped looking at the world through my cellphone. I felt completely  __14__  in the moment.  The __15__  left me feeling better about myself, my family, my home and my life.

Less social media is more.

1．A.invite       B．help   

C．contact      D．reward

2．A.commenting           B．researching

C．focusing              D．relying

3．A.ruining              B．promoting

C．instructing             D．running

4．A.posted       B．took     

C．copied        D．designed

5．A.warm­up     B．wake­up

C．follow­up     D．come­up

6．A.sympathy    B．patience 

C．liberation     D．approval

7．A.unwillingly                    B．understandingly

C．dramatically           D．unknowingly

8．A.healthy     B．major  

C．single      D．plain

9．A.performance           B．platform

C．account              D．assignment

10．A.answering            B．checking

C．designing             D．sending

11．A.carried      B．bought 

C．ordered     D．reviewed

12．A.expect      B．recognize

C．treat        D．reject

13．A.in charge     B．on call   

C．in need       D．on duty

14．A.responsible           B．typical

C．present              D．confident

15．A.concern     B．message

C．origin      D．break

[答题区]

1～5　 __________　　　6～10　__________

11～15    __________

第三讲　巧取语篇层次题和规避5大

易错点智取完形拉分题

一、

技法1　答案：D

技法2　答案：D

二、

易错点1　答案：C

易错点2　答案：1.D　2.C

易错点3　答案：1.C　2.B

易错点4　答案：D

易错点5　答案：D

练重点练难点　创新应用体验

Test 1

语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事——为了爱情，祖母假装车祸致残

【语篇解读】　战争中，祖父失去了腿，他写信让祖母忘记他。为了爱情，祖母假装遭遇车祸，双腿致残不能行走，放弃了自己喜爱的舞蹈。“我”偶然看到祖母偷偷跳舞，祖母讲起了她的故事，这让“我”热泪盈眶。

1．答案与解析：A　根据上句“My disabled grandmother was dancing”可知，“我”那残疾的祖母在跳舞；结合常识可知，“我”感到非常惊讶。

2．答案与解析：C　根据该句中的“the sunlight that was __2__ through the window”可知，该处描述祖母在阳光下跳舞的情景：她的身体优美地弯曲着，双臂迎向从窗户倾泻进来的阳光。

3．答案与解析：B　根据该句中的“aided with a walking stick”可知，祖母要依靠拐杖的帮助才能行走；据此可以推知，她的双腿在行走时无法弯曲；inflexibly意为“无法弯曲地”。

4．答案与解析：A　根据该句中的“her perfectly”可知，现在她穿着漂亮的舞鞋，她的腿完全服从她。

5．答案与解析：D　根据该句中的“it felt like being shaken awake from a beautiful dream”可知，这像是从美梦中被人摇醒；据此可以推知，她的动作结束得非常突然。

6．答案与解析：B　根据该句中的“with her hand in a cookie jar”可知，祖母就如一个手伸进饼干罐里被抓的小孩。

7．答案与解析：C　根据下文内容可知，事实上，祖母的腿一直很好。to tell the truth “说实话”；to begin with “开始，首先”；to sum up “总之”；to make matters worse “使情况更糟的是”。

8．答案与解析：A　根据空后的“I was invited...one of them”可知，她将全部时间和精力都放在了舞蹈训练上。

9．答案与解析：B　根据该段第三句中的“your grandfather had to go to war”可知，祖父不得不参加战争；据此可以推知，这封信是从战场传来的。

10．答案与解析：C　根据问句“What happened then？”并结合语境可知，“我”焦急地问她“接下来发生了什么事情？”。hurry “催促”confirm “确认”；persuade “说服”；greet “欢迎”。

11．答案与解析：D　根据下句“I loved him...lose him”可知，祖母深爱着祖父，不想失去他；据此可以推知，她当时就下了决心。there and then “当场，立即”；here and there “到处”；up and down “上上下下”；day and night “日日夜夜”。

12．答案与解析：B　根据该句中的“my legs would never completely heal again”可知，她的腿永远不会痊愈；据此可以推知，祖母告诉每个人她遭遇了车祸；car crash意为“车祸”。

13．答案与解析：A　根据该段尾句“It was worth it”可知，她认为这一切都是值得的；据此可以推知，她从不后悔这一决定。

14．答案与解析：C　根据上文的叙述可知，为了让在战争中受伤致残的祖父不再沮丧，她假装成双腿残疾；结合常识可以推知，她想把几年的名声变成一辈子的爱情。

15．答案与解析：D　根据上文的描述可知，虽然祖母酷爱舞蹈，但是为了祖父她假装因车祸变残疾，最终赢得了爱情。据此可知，祖母为了她认为值得的爱情，放弃了自己喜爱的舞蹈。give up “放弃”；go over “复习，仔细检查”；take off “起飞，脱下”；put away “收起，存钱”。

Test 2

语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习——卸载社交媒体的积极影响

【语篇解读】　意识到生活被社交媒体操纵后，为给儿子做好榜样，“我”毅然注销了自己的社交媒体账号，开始阅读书籍、重拾编织的爱好并积极地上瑜伽课。“我”对自己、家庭等的感觉越来越好。

1．答案与解析：A　根据该句中的“to join”可知，该处指“邀请加入”下一个挑战团体。invite“邀请”符合语境。

2．答案与解析：C　根据上文中的“join my next  challenge group”及下文中的“on 60 minutes of exercise”可知，此处应指邀请“我”参加挑战，将注意力集中在60分钟的锻炼上。focus on为固定搭配，意为“集中注意力于……”。

3．答案与解析：D　根据上文内容可知，社交媒体正在通过广告邀请客户参加他们的活动，结合该句中的“my life”可知，社交媒体正在操纵着“我”的生活。run“管理，经营”。

4．答案与解析：A　根据该句中的“social media”并结合常识可知，该处指“我”在社交媒体上发布照片。

5．答案与解析：B　根据下文中的“set him a bad example”可知，“我”意识到“我”为他树立了不好的榜样；结合该句中的“call”可知，他的问题敲响了警钟。wake­up call“让人警醒的事”。

6．答案与解析：D　根据该句中的“acceptance and”可知，空处与名词acceptance为同义词；结合常识可知，“赞”是接受和赞成的标志。approval“赞成”。

7．答案与解析：D　根据上文描述可知，“我”在社交媒体上发布了一张照片，儿子问“我”获赞多少；再结合语境可知，此处是指“我”不知不觉地为儿子树立了坏榜样。unknowingly“不知情地”。

8．答案与解析：A　根据上文中的“bad example”并结合该句中的“example for my son”可知，空处与bad词义相反，表示“为儿子树立健康的榜样”。healthy“健康的”。

9．答案与解析：C　根据该句中的“deactivated(解除)my social media”并结合常识可知，“我”注销了“我”的社交媒体账号。account“账号”。

10．答案与解析：B　根据该句中的“social media many  times a day”并结合常识可知，“我”有每天多次检查社交媒体的习惯。check“检查”。

11．答案与解析：A　根据该句中的“a novel and a．..with me”可知，“我”随身带着一本小说和一本填字游戏书。carry“携带”。

12．答案与解析：B　根据下文可知，“我”的体质变好，拥有乐于帮助“我”的朋友，“我”努力成为一位好母亲，“我们”的儿子也健康快乐。结合该句中的“a few things”可知，在注销社交媒体账号后，“我”承认自己得到了许多好处。recognize“承认，意识到”。

13．答案与解析：C　根据该句中的“who will help me out”可知，此处应该是指“我”拥有了在“我”需要时能帮助“我”的朋友。

14．答案与解析：C　根据该句中的“in the moment”可知，“我”感觉自己完全活在当下。

15．答案与解析：D　根据上文内容可知，“我”注销了社交媒体账号，找到新的爱好；结合该句中的“left me feeling...my life”可知，不再使用社交媒体让“我”对自己、我的家人、我的家和我的生活感觉更好了。break“终止，中断”。