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2022-2023学年广东省深圳市龙华区高一上学期期末质量检测英语试题含解析
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这是一份2022-2023学年广东省深圳市龙华区高一上学期期末质量检测英语试题含解析，共32页。试卷主要包含了本试卷共8页，满分130分，答题卡必须保持清洁，不能折叠等内容，欢迎下载使用。
龙华区中小学2022-2023学年第一学期期末学业质量监测试卷
高一英语
说明：
1．本试卷共8页，满分130分．测试用时120分钟;考生应首先阅读答题卡上的文字信息，然后在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上作答无效。
2．答题前，请将学校、班级和姓名写在答题卡相应位置，将条形码粘贴在答题卡的贴条形码区。请保持条形码整洁、不污损。
3．选择题选出答案后，用2B铅笔涂到答题卡的相应位置上;非选择题答案必须写在答题卡指定的位置上。凡在试卷、草稿纸、超过答题框区域等作答的，其答案一律无效。
4．答题卡必须保持清洁，不能折叠。
第一部分 基础知识
单项选择(共10小题;每小题2分，满分20分)
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. The book From the Soil provides ________ unique opportunity to learn more about Chinese society.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意：《来自土壤》这本书提供了一个了解中国社会的独特机会。此处表示“一个独特的机会”，表示泛指，空处需使用不定冠词对后文中的名词进行修饰，unique(独特的)是辅音音素开头的单词，应使用不定冠词a来修饰。故选A。
2. ________ by millions of people, the 2016 World Triathlon proved to be an event of love and cooperation.
A. Watching B. To watch C. Watched D. Being watched
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在数百万人的注视下，2016年世界铁人三项赛被证明是一场爱与合作的盛会。句子谓语为proved，设空处为非谓语动词，watch与逻辑主语the 2016 World Triathlon之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故选C项。
3. — Congratulations! You ________ have made great efforts for the English speech contest.
— Thanks. I do appreciate my teacher’s guidance.
A. might B. must C. should D. could
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——恭喜你！你一定为这次英语演讲比赛下了很大的功夫。——谢谢。我很感激老师的指导。A. might have done过去可能做了某事；B. must have done过去一定做了某事；C. should have done过去本应该做某事；D. could have done本来可以做某事。根据“Thanks. I do appreciate my teacher’s guidance.”可知，在这次英语演讲比赛得奖，说明过去一定下了很大的功夫。故选B。
4. From time to time, I look at the photo taken in Yellowstone as a ________ to show respect to all animals.
A. reminder B. remark C. symbol D. signal
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不时地，我看着在黄石公园拍摄的照片，提醒我要尊重所有的动物。A.reminder提醒物；B. remark言论；评述；C. symbol象征；D.signal信号。根据句意可知，空处可使用名词reminder，意为“提醒物”，表示“提醒自己要尊重动物”。故选A。
5. Longji Rice Terraces still mean a lot to local people, ________ traditions hold much value.
A. in which B. who C. for whom D. that
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：龙吉水稻梯田对当地人来说仍然是很重要的，因为对他们来说传统上有很大的价值。分析句子可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词local people，结合句意，此处表示“对于当地人来说”，可使用介词for，关系代词whom指代先行词local people作介词的宾语。故选C。
6. 92000 hectares of farmland in the country have been planted with food crops________.
A. up to now B. ten years ago C. now and then D. by the end of next year
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时间状语。句意：到目前为止，全国种植粮食作物的耕地面积已达9.2万公顷。A. up to now到目前为止，用现在完成时；B. ten years ago十年前，用一般过去时；C. now and then有时，用一般现在时；D. by the end of next year到明年年底前，用将来完成时。根据句中时态have been planted可知，此处应用up to now来表示“到目前为止”，故选A。
7. You’d better back up general statements with________examples to make your article full and detailed.
A. various B. specific C. typical D. individual
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你最好用具体的例子来支持一般的陈述，使你的文章完整而详细。A. various各种各样的；B. specific具体的；C. typical典型的；有代表性的；D. individual单独的。根据“to make your article full and detailed.”可知，为了你的文章完整而详细，需要具体的例子。故选B。
8. With the policy of One Belt One Road, companies are ________ interested to employ people who speak two or more European languages.
A. vividly B. fortunately C. narrowly D. particularly
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：有了一带一路的政策，公司特别有兴趣雇用会说两种或两种以上欧洲语言的人。A. vividly生动地；B. fortunately幸运地；C. narrowly刚好，勉强地；D. particularly尤其。根据后文“interested to employ people who speak two or more European languages”指对会说两种或两种以上欧洲语言的人特别感兴趣，应用particularly。故选D。
9. Kylian Mbappé has scored 8 goals in FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022, ________ millions of teenagers to play football.
A. inspired B. inspiring C. to inspire D. being inspired
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：基利安·姆巴佩尔在2022年卡塔尔世界杯上打进8球，激励了数百万青少年踢足球。分析句子可知，该句已有谓语has，因此空处应使用非谓语在句中作状语。主语Kylian Mbappé和inspire(激励)之间是逻辑上的主动关系，因此需使用现在分词inspiring作状语。故选B。
10. — Although the dress fits me well, the bow (蝴蝶结) is ugly. I won’t wear it.
— ________ If you make some changes to it, it will look lovely on you.
A. Well begun, half done. B. So, hold you head up, then.
C. When the cats are away, the mice will play. D. You shouldn’t throw the baby out with the bathwater.
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：—虽然这条裙子很适合我，但是蝴蝶结很难看。我不会穿的。—你不应该把婴儿连同洗澡水一起倒掉。如果你对它做一些改变，它在你身上看起来会很可爱。A. Well begun, half done.良好的开端是成功的一半；B. So, hold you head up, then.所以，抬起你的头；C. When the cats are away, the mice will play.山中无老虎，猴子称大王；D. You shouldn’t throw the baby out with the bathwater. 不要不分好坏地全盘抛弃。根据句意，说话人建议对方不要因为蝴蝶结不好看而否定那条裙子，即不要良莠一起抛。故选D项。
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Online dictionaries have become part of the writing and reading culture. Considering that there are several of them, you need to know what dictionary to use in different situations. The following gives you a detailed outlook of the best dictionaries on the web, their unique features, and their advantages and disadvantages.
Collins Dictionary
Featuring over 4.5 billion words, it is one of the best platforms for learners and teachers. Its search engine enables you to select the word by just typing a few letters. However, it doesn’t feature urban words and that the translator mode doesn’t always give correct translations.
Urban Dictionary
Urban dictionary is an online platform where you can find urban words or slang expressions. Although it doesn’t come handy for scholars, it can help you understand slang or urban words you come across around the web. You sometimes have to do many searches to get desired results.
Oxford Dictionary
Known as the best tool for students and learners, it helps define words both in British and American English. For clearer understanding, Oxford dictionary offers pictures, example sentences, and audio pronunciation, among others. It is the ideal (最合适的) dictionary to use when writing a research paper, but is sometimes criticized for complex word definitions.
Cambridge Dictionary
This dictionary is another highly respected online dictionary for official and academic purposes. It has three outstanding features which are dictionary, grammar, and translator. The dictionary supports translation for over 20 languages. Sometimes you may meet lots of information that might make it hard to get desired results.
11. What makes users dissatisfied with Collins Dictionary?
A. Outdated words. B. A small vocabulary.
C. Frequent searches. D. Some bad translations.
12. Which dictionary features slangs?
A. Collins Dictionary. B. Urban Dictionary.
C. Oxford Dictionary. D. Cambridge Dictionary.
13. What do Oxford Dictionary and Cambridge Dictionary have in common?
A. They present a lot of pictures. B. They provide various translations.
C. They define words in a complex way. D. They are useful for research purposes.
【答案】11. D 12. B 13. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了网络上最好的词典，它们的独特之处以及它们的优缺点。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。Collins Dictionary部分提到“However, it doesn’t feature urban words and that the translator mode doesn’t always give correct translations.”（然而，它并不以城市词为特征，译者模式并不总是给出正确的翻译。）由此判断，因为柯林斯词典一些不正确的翻译，因此可能导致用户有意见。故选D。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。Urban Dictionary部分提到“Although it doesn’t come handy for scholars, it can help you understand slang or urban words you come across around the web.”（虽然它对学者来说不方便，但它可以帮助你理解你在网上遇到的俚语或城市词汇。）由此判断，城市词典可以进行俚语的查询。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。Oxford Dictionary部分提到“It is the ideal (最合适的) dictionary to use when writing a research paper, but is sometimes criticized for complex word definitions.”（它是撰写研究论文时使用的理想词典，但有时因复杂的单词定义而受到批评。）Cambridge Dictionary部分提到“This dictionary is another highly respected online dictionary for official and academic purposes. ”（这本词典是另一本备受推崇的官方和学术在线词典。）由此判断，这两个词典它们对研究很有用。故选D。
B
Libby Federici loves her job at Haley House, a soup kitchen in Boston’s South End. On a recent weekday morning she was busy greeting guests, helping volunteers, preparing pots of fresh coffee, and answering endless questions. Butter? We have tons. Cups? I’ll grab some for you.
“Without this place there would be no me. These people are angels,” says Linda Bell, a regular guest at Haley House’s free morning breakfast.
That feeling is created by Haley House, a program that for five decades has approached social issues facing Boston’s South End community through its soup kitchen, cheap housing, urban gardens, and education programs. The organization welcomes homeless people or those living in low-income housing as a valuable part of the larger community. “It’s really important to know people as people,” says Ms. Federici, who also works for the organization while serving in the kitchen.
Instead of relying on volunteers or drive-by helpers to work in its soup kitchen, Haley House seeks out people of all ages and backgrounds who are interested in staying there for two years to help solve the social problems in South End. In exchange, they receive room and board, running its kitchen and caring for its guests.
The biggest offering that Haley House has to Boston is, it’s an example of how all these pieces are linked — food, training, jobs, housing. “We couldn’t solve that whole problem of housing homeless people. We couldn’t give jobs to everybody. But what we did was we created models,” says Ms. McKenna, who is now retired from Haley House.
“There is that strong connection to the community that Haley House workers are able to develop over their time here,” says Sean Ahern, who delivers food to Haley House. “They are really passionate about food, but more importantly, about people.”
14. Which of the following best describes Libby Federici?
A. Warm-hearted. B. Sharp-minded. C. Generous. D. Intelligent.
15. What is Haley House intended for?
A. Popularizing local soup culture. B. Educating South End neighbors.
C. Helping build a better community. D. Stressing the importance of people.
16. What do we know about Haley House workers?
A. They are talented cooks. B. They do the job for free.
C. They live in Haley House. D. They come from Boston.
17. What is the best title for the text?
A. From Haley to Boston: A Popular Model
B. Haley House: A Developing Organization
C. Libby Federici: A Worker at Haley House
D. From Soup to Jobs: The Haley House Story
【答案】14. A 15. C 16. D 17. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要通过讲述Libby Federici的工作来介绍Haley House这个解决波士顿南端社区面临的社会问题的项目。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“On a recent weekday morning she was busy greeting guests, helping volunteers, preparing pots of fresh coffee, and answering endless questions. Butter? We have tons. Cups? I’ll grab some for you.(在最近一个工作日的早晨，她忙着迎接客人，帮助志愿者，准备一壶新鲜的咖啡，并回答没完没了的问题。黄油吗？我们有很多。杯子吗?我去给你拿一些)”推知，Libby Federici很热心，故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“That feeling is created by Haley House, a program that for five decades has approached social issues facing Boston’s South End community through its soup kitchen, cheap housing, urban gardens, and education programs.(这种感觉是由Haley House创造的，这是一个50年来通过施粥所、廉价住房、城市花园和教育项目来解决波士顿南端社区面临的社会问题的项目)”可知，Haley House是用来帮助建立一个更好的社区的。故选C。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“That feeling is created by Haley House, a program that for five decades has approached social issues facing Boston’s South End community through its soup kitchen, cheap housing, urban gardens, and education programs.(这种感觉是由Haley House创造的，这是一个50年来通过施粥所、廉价住房、城市花园和教育项目来解决波士顿南端社区面临的社会问题的项目)”和倒数第三段的“Instead of relying on volunteers or drive-by helpers to work in its soup kitchen, Haley House seeks out people of all ages and backgrounds who are interested in staying there for two years to help solve the social problems in South End.(哈利之家不是依靠志愿者或路过的帮工在施舍处工作，而是寻找各种年龄和背景的人，他们有兴趣在那里呆两年，帮助解决南端的社会问题)”可知，Haley House是在波士顿，工作人员是来自波士顿。故选D。
【17题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Libby Federici loves her job at Haley House, a soup kitchen in Boston’s South End.(Libby Federici喜欢她在Haley House的工作，这是波士顿南端的一家施粥所)”和第三段的“That feeling is created by Haley House, a program that for five decades has approached social issues facing Boston’s South End community through its soup kitchen, cheap housing, urban gardens, and education programs.(这种感觉是由Haley House创造的，这是一个50年来通过施粥所、廉价住房、城市花园和教育项目来解决波士顿南端社区面临的社会问题的项目)”可知，本文主要通过讲述Libby Federici的工作来介绍Haley House这个解决波士顿南端社区面临的社会问题的项目，因此最好的题目是C选项“Libby Federici: A Worker at Haley House(Libby Federici：Haley House的一名工作人员)”，故选C。
C
Exams make us anxious. The silence of the hall; the ticking of the clock; the proud expression of the person sitting at the neighboring desk who has finished 15 minutes early. It therefore seems hardly surprising that those who worry about taking tests do worse than those who do not.
What is, perhaps, surprising, according to research recently published by Maria Theobald, is that it is not the pressure of the exam hall which causes the problem. It is the pressure of review.
Dr. Theobald worked with 309 students who were preparing for their final state exam, the most important that they take. During the 100 days before that, the students used a digital-learning platform which presented them with old exam questions and recorded their performance. They also sat a mock exam (模拟考) 40 days before the real thing. To know their levels of anxiety, they were asked every day including the days of the mock and the real exam to give themselves 1-5 points to questions like “How much do I feel tense and nervous?”
Dr. Theobald found that anxiety on the day of the test did not predict exam performance at all. What predicted it was the level of knowledge a student showed in the mock and the earlier digital-learning activities. Those who performed well in these also did well in the real thing, no matter how anxious they were on the day. What actually affected students, it turned out, were high levels of anxiety during the weeks before the exam took place. The greater a student’s anxiety on the days before the exam, the lower his or her knowledge-gain was during that period, leaving that student with less material to review during the exam itself.
To reduce the anxiety, Dr. Theobald proposes a two-fold strategy for students. First, they can raise their belief in their own abilities by reminding themselves of just how much they know. Second, they can decrease the importance of the test by reminding themselves that, while it is important, it is not a life-or-death situation.
18. What causes bad exam results according to the research?
A. The noisy clock. B. The stressful review.
C. The silent classroom. D. The annoying neighbor.
19. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. Research process. B. Research findings.
C. Research background. D. Research significance.
20. On which day(s) does anxiety affect exam performance the most?
A. The day of the real exam. B. The day of the mock.
C. The days before the real exam. D. The days before the mock.
21. What does Dr. Theobald advise us to do to overcome exam anxiety?
A. Prepare a lot for exams. B. Build up self-confidence.
C. Attach significance to tests. D. Remind ourselves of the time.
【答案】18. B 19. A 20. C 21. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过实验介绍了可能是因为复习的压力而导致学生焦虑而不是考试本身，并在文章最后提出了相对应的解决办法。
【18题详解】
细节理解题。第二段提到“What is, perhaps, surprising, according to research recently published by Maria Theobald, is that it is not the pressure of the exam hall which causes the problem. It is the pressure of review.”（根据Maria Theobald最近发表的一项研究，也许令人惊讶的是，并不是考场的压力导致了这个问题。是复习的压力。）由此判断，根据研究发现，是因为复习的压力才导致了考试结果不好。故选B。
【19题详解】
主旨大意题。第三段第一句提到“Dr. Theobald worked with 309 students who were preparing for their final state exam, the most important that they take.”（Theobald博士与309名正在为他们的期末考试做准备的学生一起工作，这是他们所做的最重要的事情。）；该段还提到“During the 100 days before that, the students used a digital-learning platform which presented them with old exam questions and recorded their performance.”（在此之前的100天里，学生们使用了一个数字学习平台，给他们提供了一些旧的考试问题，并记录了他们的表现。）；该段最后一句提到“To know their levels of anxiety, they were asked every day including the days of the mock and the real exam to give themselves 1-5 points to questions like “How much do I feel tense and nervous?””（为了了解他们的焦虑程度，他们每天都被问到，包括模拟的日子，以及真正的考试，给他们自己1-5分的问题，比如“我有多大压力和紧张？”），由此判断，该段在陈述该项实验的过程。故选A。
【20题详解】
细节理解题。第四段提到“What actually affected students, it turned out, were high levels of anxiety during the weeks before the exam took place. ”（事实证明，真正影响学生的是考试前几周的高度焦虑。）由此判断，在考试前一段时间学生的焦虑程度会非常高。对故选C。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。最后一段提到“First, they can raise their belief in their own abilities by reminding themselves of just how much they know.”（首先，他们可以通过提醒自己了解多少来提高他们对自己能力信心。）由此判断，Dr. Theobald建议通过提升自信心来降低考试前的焦虑。故选B。
D
Humans and elephants don’t always get along. In Africa and Asia, elephants damage farmers’ crops and natural habitats of other species. If an elephant becomes a problem, it may be killed. So, people are trying to find better ways to keep elephants away from these places.
Kenyan farmers have long known that if they hang bee hives (蜂巢) around their farms, elephants would no longer visit. “The problem is how you manage hundreds of thousands of hives, if you have a huge area to protect.” said Mark Wright, a professor at the University of Hawaii.
The idea came up to look at honeybee pheromones (信息素), chemicals that the bees use to repel something that’s attacking the hive. Because elephants have a highly developed sense of smell, Wright and his team thought they might be able to use honeybee pheromones to affect elephant behaviors.
They tested out a mixture of chemicals similar to honeybees’ alarm signals. In Greater Kruger National Park in South Africa, the team hung white socks with the chemicals and normal socks around an elephant watering hole, and observed the animals’ behavior.
“Elephants are really curious creatures. They’ll walk along and see something like a sock hanging in a tree, and they’ll observe it. If it’s not with the pheromones, they’ll pick it up, throw it around, and try to taste it, things like that. And in the case of those with the pheromones, they would quickly show signs of unease or uncertainty, and they’d back off from them. Very seldom would they go pick them up and play with them.”
The study is in Current Biology. Next up, the researchers plan to perfect the chemicals to get an even stronger avoidance response from elephants. That way, these remarkable animals will stay far away from wherever they should not be going — and both elephants and humans can coexist a bit more peacefully.
22. What is known about elephants in Africa and Asia?
A. They get on well with humans. B. They must be in great danger.
C. They attack farmers on purpose. D. They might threaten other species.
23. What does the underlined word “repel” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Search for. B. Slow down. C. Drive away. D. Look into.
24. How did Wright’s team conduct the research?
A. By testing predictions. B. By making comparisons.
C. By analyzing causes and effects. D. By recording historical development.
25. What is the main idea of the text?
A. Honeybee pheromones are put into use.
B. Elephants live in harmony with humans.
C. Honeybee alarm signals protect elephants.
D. Elephants’ curiosity is out of expectations.
【答案】22. D 23. C 24. B 25. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了为了让大象与人类和平相处，研究者通过蜜蜂信息素来驱逐大象远离作物和其他物种的栖息地。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In Africa and Asia, elephants damage farmers’ crops and natural habitats of other species.(在非洲和亚洲，大象破坏了农民的庄稼和其他物种的自然栖息地。)”可知，大象破坏了作物和其他物种的栖息地，由此可知，大象可能威胁到其他物种。故选D项。
【23题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段中“The idea came up to look at honeybee pheromones (信息素), chemicals that the bees use... something that’s attacking the hive.(这个想法是想看看蜜蜂信息素，蜜蜂使用的化学物质……攻击蜂巢的东西。)”可知，信息素是一种化学物质，对于来攻击蜂巢的东西，蜜蜂应是用这种化学物质来对付他们以保护蜂巢，结合选项可推断该单词意为“驱逐”。故选C项。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“They’ll walk along and see something like a sock hanging in a tree, and they’ll observe it. If it’s not with the pheromones, they’ll pick it up, throw it around, and try to taste it, things like that. And in the case of those with the pheromones, they would quickly show signs of unease or uncertainty, and they’d back off from them.(他们走着走着，看到树上挂着一只袜子之类的东西，他们就会观察。如果没有信息素，它们就会把食物捡起来，扔来扔去，试着尝一尝，诸如此类。对于那些有信息素的人来说，他们很快就会表现出不安或不确定的迹象，然后他们就会退缩。)”可知，研究人员观察大象对待未含有蜜蜂信息素的袜子类的东西与含有蜜蜂信息素的袜子类的东西反应不同，由此可知，Wright的团队通过比较大象在有信息素和没有信息素的情况下的不同表现来进行这项研究的。故选B项。
【25题详解】
主旨大意题。根据首段“Humans and elephants don’t always get along. In Africa and Asia, elephants damage farmers’ crops and natural habitats of other species. If an elephant becomes a problem, it may be killed. So, people are trying to find better ways to keep elephants away from these places.(人类和大象并不总是相处融洽。在非洲和亚洲，大象破坏农民的庄稼和其他物种的自然栖息地。如果大象成为问题，它可能会被杀死。因此，人们正试图找到更好的方法来让大象远离这些地方。)”并结合下文中研究者研究大象对蜜蜂信息素的反应的实验及发现可知，本文主要介绍的是文章主要讲述研究人员如何通过蜜蜂信息素来驱逐大象远离农民的作物和其他物种的自然栖息地，使大象和人类更加和平地共处。故选C项。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
“The Friendship Files” is my series of interviews about friendships. When this project began, I wrote, “People are at their most generous, their funniest, and their most fascinating when talking with and about their friends.” The interviews only strengthened that belief. ____26____
Build-up
____27____ Sometimes that increases slowly, as it did for two neighbors who have lived across the hall for 20 years. They’ve checked in on each other when they were sick, and split the bill of a magazine. Those moments finally added up to a friendship during the pandemic (流行病), when they opened doors to talk across the hallway and felt less alone.
Attention
Making friends can be hard, but there are more opportunities than we think. A new friend could be waiting in the comments section of an article you’re reading, or on the other side of a Google Doc. ____28____ As much as we may feel like our social networks are settled, it’s never too late to meet someone who will be important to you for the rest of your life.
Intention
Attention only gets you so far without action. When opportunity arises, put yourself out there. That requires courage to let things be awkward, which is the hardest part of friendship. ____29____ But this does not mean making friends is labor. It takes effort, but it should be a joy.
Tradition
One thing that seems to make keeping up with friends easier is tradition, like organizing a book club, a monthly hike, or a regular Dungeons & Dragons campaign. ____30____ The Dungeons & Dragons group has a shorthand (速记法) dating back 30 years ago.
A. The simplest and most obvious one is time spent together.
B. These unexpected relationships need our special attention.
C. We need to be brave to build friendship in places we never expect it.
D. Besides keeping groups close, they can give its members a shared culture.
E. It takes energy and thought, and you could feel stressed mentally and physically.
F. Healthy friendships help improve our well-being in a lot of ways, which are listed as follows.
G. Though every bond is different, there are several key forces that help form and maintain friendships.
【答案】26. G 27. A 28. B 29. E 30. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者关于友谊的一系列采访“友谊档案”中关于友谊的几个关键力量。
【26题详解】
分析可知，空处为该段的总结句。前文提到“When this project began, I wrote, “People are at their most generous, their funniest, and their most fascinating when talking with and about their friends.” The interviews only strengthened that belief.”（当这个项目开始时，我写道：“人们在与朋友交谈和谈论朋友时，是最慷慨、最有趣、最迷人的。”采访只是强化了这种信念。），且根据后文中提到的各个方面可知，空处要选择一项可以进行承上启下的内容。G项提到“Though every bond is different, there are several key forces that help form and maintain friendships.”（虽然每一种关系都是不同的，但有几个关键的力量有助于形成和维持友谊。）该项符合文意。故选G。
【27题详解】
后文提到“Sometimes that increases slowly, as it did for two neighbors who have lived across the hall for 20 years.”（有时，这种情况会缓慢增加，就像在对面住了20年的两个邻居一样。）由此判断，友谊是会随着时间的增长而增长，即时间在友谊中的重要性。A项“The simplest and most obvious one is time spent together.”（最简单也是最明显的一个就是花时间在一起。）该项符合文意。故选A。
【28题详解】
前文提到“A new friend could be waiting in the comments section of an article you’re reading, or on the other side of a Google Doc. ”（一个新朋友可能会在你正在阅读的文章的评论区等着你，或者在谷歌Doc的另一边等着你。），后文提到“As much as we may feel like our social networks are settled, it’s never too late to meet someone who will be important to you for the rest of your life.”（尽管我们可能会觉得我们的社交网络已经稳定下来，但遇到对你余生都很重要的人永远不会太晚。），由此判断，交朋友的方式有多种多样，需要通过自己的发现去找到真正对自己而言非常重要的朋友。B项“These unexpected relationships need our special attention.”（这些意想不到的关系需要我们特别关注。）该项符合文意。故选B。
【29题详解】
前文提到“That requires courage to let things be awkward, which is the hardest part of friendship.”（这需要勇气让事情变得尴尬，这是友谊最难的部分。），后文提到“But this does not mean making friends is labor. It takes effort, but it should be a joy.”（但这并不意味着交朋友是一种劳动。这需要努力，但它应该是一种乐趣。）由此判断，交朋友虽然需要投入时间和精力，但这是一件让人感觉到非常有乐趣的事情，而不是痛苦。E项“It takes energy and thought, and you could feel stressed mentally and physically.”（它需要精力和思考，你可能会感到精神和身体上的压力。）该项符合文意。故选E。
【30题详解】
前文提到“One thing that seems to make keeping up with friends easier is tradition, like organizing a book club, a monthly hike, or a regular Dungeons & Dragons campaign.”（与朋友保持联系似乎更容易的一件事是传统，比如组织一个读书俱乐部，每月一次徒步旅行，或者定期参加《龙与地下城》活动。）由此判断，和朋友一起长期坚持做一件事情，并让这件事情成为你们的传统，可以使你们之间的友谊维持更长的时间。D项“Besides keeping groups close, they can give its members a shared culture.”（除了保持群体之间的亲密关系外，它们还可以为成员提供一种共享的文化。）该项符合文意。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My father grew up in Chicago and loved the local team Cubs (小熊队) his whole life. I loved my dad, so the Cubs ____31____ me too. When I went back home after school or work, I always watched the Cubs with him. Two decades after my father’s ____32____, every time I watch the Cubs on television, I think of him and ____33____ with him in my head about their game.
Perhaps baseball is too ____34____ a thing for father and son to connect over. A ball game might seem, frankly, sort of ____35____ compared with family and career concerns. But that is ____36____ what makes it ideal for forming relationships. We had nothing to ____37____ as we watched them play, except for the ____38____ of enjoying the games together as father and son, which was much greater than it would have been, if either of us had ____39____ without the other. The Cubs were the “place” where we met to enjoy being _____40_____.
Lots of sports fans have similar _____41_____. Sportswriters find that 42 percent of sports fans were “very _____42_____” with their family life, compared with less than a quarter of nonfans.
If your _____43_____ with family are a little cold, you might be _____44_____ too much usefulness in your activities. Maybe the solution is to develop a taste for baseball, or maybe instead for opera or _____45_____.
31. A. attracted B. supported C. impressed D. comforted
32. A. illness B. death C. return D. arrival
33. A. joke B. agree C. discuss D. argue
34. A. small B. popular C. tiring D. risky
35. A. funny B. healthy C. dangerous D. useless
36. A. finally B. exactly C. obviously D. normally
37. A. gain B. keep C. expect D. offer
38. A. importance B. satisfaction C. pride D. power
39. A. started B. played C. watched D. enjoyed
40. A. touched B. praised C. entertained D. connected
41. A. attitudes B. interests C. explanations D. experiences
42. A. patient B. familiar C. pleased D. certain
43. A. relationships B. conversations C. days D. moments
44. A. leading to B. suffering from C. getting over D. asking about
45. A. chess B. money C. math D. science
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. B 37. A 38. B 39. C 40. D 41. D 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了作者和父亲关于体育的共同爱好，这一爱好使得作者常常想起和父亲在一起的时间，并且通过体育爱好，家庭之间的关系也更加的紧密。
31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我爱我爸爸，所以小熊队也吸引了我。A. attracted吸引；B. supported支持；C. impressed使......印象深刻；D. comforted安慰。根据下文“When I went back home after school or work, I always watched the Cubs with him. Two decades after my father’s ____2____, every time I watch the Cubs on television, I think of him and ____3____ with him in my head about their game (当我放学或下班回家时，我总是和他一起看小熊队的比赛。父亲去世二十年后，每当我在电视上看小熊队的比赛时，我都会想起他，并在脑海中与他讨论他们的比赛。)”可知，作者以前总是会和父亲一起看小熊队的比赛，父亲去世20年了，依旧看小熊队的比赛，可推知：小熊队的比赛吸引（attracted）作者的注意力。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：父亲去世二十年后，每当我在电视上看小熊队的比赛时，我都会想起他，并在脑海中与他讨论他们的比赛。A. illness生病；B. death去世；C. return回归；D. arrival到达。句中提到I think of him和in my head，由此判断，作者的父亲应该是去世了（death）。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲去世二十年后，每当我在电视上看小熊队的比赛时，我都会想起他，并在脑海中与他讨论他们的比赛。A. joke开玩笑；B. agree同意；C. discuss讨论；D. argue争论。根据下文“We had nothing to ____7____ as we watched them play, except for the ____8____ of enjoying the games together as father and son, which was much greater than it would have been, if either of us had ____9____ without the other. (当我们看他们比赛的时候，我们什么也得不到，除了像父子一样一起享受比赛的满足感之外，这种满足感比我们中任何一个人单独观看比赛要大得多。)”可知，父子俩在孩子放学后一起看球赛，边看边讨论，享受着比赛，discuss符合语境。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许棒球是一件微不足道的事情，无法将父子俩联系在一起。A. small微小的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. tiring疲惫的；D. risky冒险的。根据后文“A ball game might seem, frankly, sort of ____5____ compared with family and career concerns. (坦率地说，与家庭和事业相比，球类运动似乎有点无用。)”可知，棒球显得没用，所以算是一个微不足道的（small）事情。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：坦率地说，与家庭和事业相比，球类运动似乎有点无用。A. funny有趣的；B. healthy健康的；C. dangerous危险的；D. useless无用的。上文“Perhaps baseball is too small a thing for father and son to connect over. (也许棒球是一件微不足道的事情，无法将父子俩联系在一起。)”，因为棒球的微不足道，因此棒球相对于家庭和事业而言好像有点没有作用。故选D项。
【36题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但正是这一点使它成为建立关系的理想选择。A. finally最终；B. exactly恰好，确切地；C. obviously明显地；D. normally普通的。根据下文“We had nothing to ____7____ as we watched them play, except for the ____8____ of enjoying the games together as father and son, which was much greater than it would have been, if either of us had ____9____ without the other. (当我们看他们比赛的时候，我们什么也得不到，除了像父子一样一起享受比赛的满足感之外，这种满足感比我们中任何一个人单独观看比赛要大得多。)”可知，尽管一起看球赛微不足道，但是就是通过这样的契机，父子建立良好的亲子关系，exactly符合语境。故选B项。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们看他们比赛的时候，我们什么也得不到，除了像父子一样一起享受比赛的满足感之外，这种满足感比我们中任何一个人单独观看比赛要大得多。A. gain获得；B. keep保持；C. expect期盼；D. offer提供。对于作者来说，和父亲一起看球赛的唯一收获就是感受和父亲一起看球的满足感，gain符合语境。故选A项。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们看他们比赛的时候，我们什么也得不到，除了像父子一样一起享受比赛的满足感之外，这种满足感比我们中任何一个人单独观看比赛要大得多。A. importance重要性；B. satisfaction满足；C. pride骄傲；D. power力量。根据下文“Sportswriters find that 42 percent of sports fans were ‘very ____12____’ with their family life, compared with less than a quarter of nonfans. (体育记者发现，42%的体育迷对自己的家庭生活‘非常满意’，而在非体育迷中，这一比例不到四分之一。)”，以及此处句中的of enjoying the games together as father and son可推知，和父亲一起看球赛很是享受，如今一人独自看球时再没有了当年那种满足感，只能在脑海里和父亲交流。satisfaction符合语境。故选B项。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们看他们比赛的时候，我们什么也得不到，除了像父子一样一起享受比赛的满足感之外，这种满足感比我们中任何一个人单独观看比赛要大得多。A. started开始；B. played玩；C. watched观看；D. enjoyed享受。根据第一段中“When I went back home after school or work, I always watched the Cubs with him. (当我放学或下班回家时，我总是和他一起看小熊队。)”可知，作者父子俩一起看小熊队的比赛。故选C项。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：小熊队是我们相遇并享受彼此联系的“地方”。 A. touched感动；B. praised赞美；C. entertained招待，使快乐；D. connected连接。根据上文“Two decades after my father’s ____2____, every time I watch the Cubs on television, I think of him and ____3____ with him in my head about their game (当我放学或下班回家时，我总是和他一起看小熊队的比赛。父亲去世二十年后，每当我在电视上看小熊队的比赛时，我都会想起他，并在脑海中与他讨论他们的比赛。)”可知，当年经常一起看小熊对比赛，使父子俩有了共同爱好、能进行交流，所以彼此是有联系的，connected符合语境。故选D项。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多体育迷都有类似的经历。A. attitudes态度；B. interests兴趣；C. explanations解释；D. experiences经验，经历。上文“We had nothing to ____7____ as we watched them play, except for the ____8____ of enjoying the games together as father and son, which was much greater than it would have been, if either of us had ____9____ without the other.( 当我们看他们比赛的时候，我们什么也得不到，除了像父子一样一起享受比赛的满足感之外，这种满足感比我们中任何一个人单独观看比赛要大得多。)”，以及下文“Sportswriters find that 42 percent of sports fans were ‘very ____12____’ with their family life, compared with less than a quarter of nonfans. (体育记者发现，42%的体育迷对自己的家庭生活‘非常满意’，而在非体育迷中，这一比例不到四分之一。)”，可知，和家人一起看比赛会产生很强的满足感，再根据本句中的similar可推知，家里有体育迷的，都会有这样的经历，故选D项。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：体育记者发现，42%的体育迷对自己的家庭生活“非常满意”，而在非体育迷中，这一比例不到四分之一。A. patient有耐心的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. pleased高兴的；D. certain确定的。上文“We had nothing to ____7____ as we watched them play, except for the ____8____ of enjoying the games together as father and son, which was much greater than it would have been, if either of us had ____9____ without the other. (当我们看他们比赛的时候，我们什么也得不到，除了像父子一样一起享受比赛的满足感之外，这种满足感比我们中任何一个人单独观看比赛要大得多。)”可知，体育迷和家人一起看比赛会产生很强的满足感，很开心，pleased符合语境。故选C项。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你和家人的关系有点冷淡，你可能会因为在你的活动中有太多的用处而受苦。A. relationships关系；B. conversations对话；C. days天；D. moments时刻。根据上文“Perhaps baseball is too ____4____ a thing for father and son to connect over. A ball game might seem, frankly, sort of ____5____ compared with family and career concerns. (也许棒球是一件微不足道的事情，无法将父子俩联系在一起。坦率地说，与家庭和事业相比，球类运动似乎有点无用。)”，以及下文“Sportswriters find that 42 percent of sports fans were ‘very ____12____’ with their family life, compared with less than a quarter of nonfans. (体育记者发现，42%的体育迷对自己的家庭生活‘非常满意’，而在非体育迷中，这一比例不到四分之一。)”，可推知，认为家庭、事业更重要的人与家人的交流机会少，关系冷淡，relationships符合语境。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：如果你和家人的关系有点冷淡，那么你可能在活动中受到太多有用的东西的影响而苦恼。A. leading to导致；B. suffering from遭受；C. getting over克服；D. asking about询问。相比于观看体育赛事，认为其他活动更重要的人与家人的交流机会少，这一点导致当事人遭受和家人关系疏远的苦恼，suffering from符合语境。故选B项。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许解决办法是培养对棒球的兴趣，或者对歌剧或国际象棋的兴趣。A. chess象棋；B. money金钱；C. math数学；D. science科学。根据上文“The Cubs were the ‘place’ where we met to enjoy being ____10____. (小熊队是我们相遇并享受彼此联系的‘地方’。)”可知，要增加和家人的交流，句中的baseball, or maybe instead for opera，这些都是可以和家人一起参与的，促进家庭关系、亲子关系的活动，chess符合语境。故选A项。
第二节 完成句子(共15小题; 每小题1分，每空0.5分，满分15分)
根据首字母或所给中文提示以适当的形式完成句子。每空一词，每题两空。
46. Keep on running, Rob. ________ ________ (毕竟), 20 minutes of exercise every day is better than nothing. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. After ②. all
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：继续跑，罗伯。毕竟，每天运动20分钟总比不运动强。“毕竟”表达为短语after all，作状语。设空处在句首，after的首字母大写。故填：①After；②all。
47. It wouldn’t be quite the thing to t________ ________ (出现) in jeans and trainers at the graduation ceremony. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】 ①. turn##urn ②. up
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：穿着牛仔裤和运动鞋出现在毕业典礼上是不太合适的。分析句子结构可知，此处应为动词原形，根据提示的中英文，此处表示“出现”应为turn up，且位于不定式符号to之后，表主动意义。故填turn up。
48. People are not allowed to cut down this kind of trees, which is ________ ________ (是……的家园) some local animals. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. home ②. to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：人们不允许砍伐这种树，这是一些当地动物的家园。根据汉语提示和句意可知，空处可使用固定短语be home to，意为“是……的家园”。故填①home②to。
49. None of the competitors could catch up with the runner in ________ ________ (领先). （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. the ②. lead
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：没有一个竞争者能赶上领先的赛跑者。根据汉语提示和句意可知，空处可使用in the lead，意为“领先；主要的；占主导地位的”。故填①the②lead。
50. ________ ________ (流程图) are widely used in computer programs or accounting systems. （根据汉语提示填空）
【答案】 ①. Flow ②. charts
【解析】
【详解】考查名词短语。句意：流程图被广泛应用于计算机程序或会计系统中。“流程图”表达为名词短语flow chart，谓语为are used，故主语为复数形式，flow在句首，首字母大写。故填：①Flow；②charts。
51. Sally’s father was good at cooking meatballs, which were ________ ________ (浅粉红色) inside but incredibly soft and juicy. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. slightly##slight##pale##light ②. pink
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词短语、名词短语。句意：莎莉的父亲擅长做肉丸子，肉丸子的内部略带粉红色，但却非常柔软多汁。“浅粉红色”表达为slightly pink，其中pink为形容词，用副词slightly修饰，作表语；pink为名词，则用形容词slight或pale或light修饰，以名词短语slight pink或pale pink或light pink的形式，作表语。故填：①slightly / slight / pale / light；②pink。
52. Since I was a little boy, my mother has taught me to be honest, never taking what doesn’t ________ ________ (属于) me. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. belong ②. to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：当我还是个小男孩的时候，我的妈妈就教育我要诚实，永远不要拿不属于自己的东西。根据汉语提示和句意可知，空处可使用固定短语belong to，意为“属于”，由doesn’t可知，应用动词原形。故填①belong②to。
53. Leave your key with a neighbour ________ (以防万一) you lock yourself out one day. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】in case
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：把钥匙留给邻居以防万一有一天你把自己锁在门外。分析句子可知，应用连词连接两个句子，结合句意和汉语提示可知，应用in case引导目的状语从句，表示“以防万一”。故填in case。
54. The Nobel Prize winner was ________ ________ (高度赞扬) for his devotion to the advancement of physiology. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. highly ②. praised
【解析】
【详解】考查副词与被动语态。句意：这位诺贝尔奖得主因致力于生理学的发展而受到高度赞扬。分析句子结构可知，第一空为副词“高度地”作状语修饰动词“赞扬”，此处表示抽象意义的“高”，所以根据提示的汉语，表示“高度赞扬”应为highly praise，praise与主语The Nobel Prize winner之间为被动关系，所以praise应为过去分词形式praised。故填①highly②praised。
55. Even though the new department doesn’t have e________ ________ (足够空间) to swing a cat, it is convenient for me to take metro to my company. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】 ①. enough ②. room##space
【解析】
【详解】考查名词短语。句意：虽然新部门连一只猫旋转的余地都没有，但是我乘地铁去公司很方便。根据所给首字母，“足够空间”表达为名词短语enough room或enough space，为不可数名词，作have的宾语。故填：①enough；②room/space。
56. As a book lover, J.K Rowling always l________ ________ of (忘记) time in the bookstore, deeply absorbed in books. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】 ①. lost##loses ②. track
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：作为一个爱书的人，j.k.罗琳在书店里总是忘记时间，全神贯注地看书。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据提示的汉语，表示“忘记”应为lose track of，结合句意，该句可理解为讲述现在或过去的情况均可，所以可以使用一般现在时，句子主语为第三人称单数，且表主动关系，所以lose使用loses；也可用一般过去时，lose使用lost。故填lost/loses track。
57. With the new regulation about the pandemic announced, the new life of 2023 is w________ ________ (向……挥手) us. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】 ①. waving ②. at##to
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：随着新冠疫情防控新规的出台，2023年的新生活正在向我们招手。根据汉语提示和句意可知，空处可使用动词短语wave at/to，根据is可知，该句应使用现在进行时be doing，表示“正在做”，wave要使用其现在分词waving。故填①waving；②at或to。
58. S________ ________ (社交媒体) and smart-phone apps have become so popular in recent years because teens need a place to call their own. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】 ①. Social##ocial ②. media
【解析】
【详解】考查名词短语。句意：近年来，社交媒体和智能手机应用变得如此流行，因为青少年需要一个属于自己的地方。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词短语作主语，根据提示的中英文，表示“社交媒体”应为social media，因位于句首，social的首字母需大写。故填①Social②media。
59. I c________ ________ (偶遇；遇到) a picture of my head teacher when I was going through my stuff. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】 ①. came##ame ②. across
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我在整理东西的时候偶然发现了一张班主任的照片。根据汉语提示和句意可知，空处可使用固定短语come across(偶然遇到)，根据I was going through my stuff可知，该句应使用一般过去时。故填①came②across。
60. S________ ________ (谈及) the novel “After Twenty Years”, I regard it as a pretty lively story about two ordinary men in New York city. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】 ①. Speaking##peaking ②. of
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：谈到小说《二十年后》，我认为这是一个关于两个普通纽约人的生动故事。根据汉语提示和句意可知，空处可使用speak of，意为“谈及”。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语regard（认为），空处应使用非谓语，speaking和主语I之间是逻辑上的主动关系，因此需使用现在分词，位于句首时首字母大写。故填①Speaking②of。
第三节 语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is one of the world’s oldest civilizations with numerous national treasures like Chinese cuisine. Starting over 4000 years ago, Chinese cuisine has ____61____ long history. Famous all over the world, Chinese cookery has developed over the centuries, forming a rich ____62____ (culture) content. It is characterized by fine ____63____ (select) of ingredients, precise processing, particular care to the amount of fire, and substantial nourishment. Local flavors (风味), snacks and special dishes have formed according to the region, local ____64____ (product), climate, historical factors and eating habits.
In China delicious food is often linked ____65____ festivals and celebrations. For example, Jiaozi is eaten during the Spring Festival and moon cakes ____66____ (serve) for the Middle Autumn Festival. ____67____ (enrich) the life of the people and promote the development of Chinese tourism, various kinds of Delicacy Festivals (美食节) are held every year in different regions of China. Delicious Chinese food, ____68____ is one of the most important parts of China’s abundant tourism resources, ____69____ (draw) the attention of thousands of tourists to China. While ____70____ (visit) scenic Chinese tourist attractions, they can also taste delicious food.
【答案】61. a 62. cultural
63. selection
64. products
65. with##to
66. are served
67. To enrich
68. which 69. draws##has drawn
70. visiting
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食的特点。
【61题详解】
考查冠词。句意：中国菜有着悠久的历史。history为可数名词，此处表泛指，应用不定冠词，空后形容词long辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
【62题详解】
考查形容词。句意：中国烹饪享誉世界，经过几个世纪的发展，形成了丰富的文化内容。修饰名词content应用形容词cultural，意为“文化的”。故填cultural。
【63题详解】
考查名词。句意：它的特点是精选的原料，精确的加工，特别注意火的量，和丰富的营养。形容词fine修饰名词selection，意为“选择”，为不可数名词，作by的宾语。故填selection。
【64题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：根据地域、土产、气候、历史因素和饮食习惯，形成了地方风味、小吃和特色菜。形容词local修饰名词product，意为“产品，制品”，为可数名词，空前无不定冠词，应用名词复数，与the region以及climate, historical factors and eating habits并列，作according to的宾语。故填products。
【65题详解】
考查介词。句意：在中国，美味的食物通常与节日和庆祝活动联系在一起。此处考查动词短语be linked to或被be linked with，意为“与……有关”，设空处应用介词with或with。故填with/to。
【66题详解】
考查时态、语态。句意：例如，春节吃饺子，中秋节吃月饼。and连接两个简单句，serve与逻辑主语moon cakes之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，根据前半句的时态，此处也用一般现在时，主语为复数，助动词用are。故填are served。
【67题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了丰富人们的生活，促进中国旅游业的发展，中国各地每年都会举办各种各样的美食节。句子谓语动词为are held，设空处为非谓语动词，表目的应用动词不定式，设空处在句首，to首字母要大写。故填To enrich。
【68题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：美味的中国食物，是中国丰富的旅游资源中最重要的部分之一，吸引了成千上万的游客到中国。句子谓语为draw，设空处考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为Delicious Chinese food，在从句中为主语，为物，设空处应用关系代词which，引导从句。故填which。
【69题详解】
考查时态。句意：美味的中国食物，是中国丰富的旅游资源中最重要的部分之一，吸引了成千上万的游客到中国。设空处为句子的谓语动词，陈述客观事实，可用一般现在时，主语为Delicious Chinese food，为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数draws。谓语动词也可表过去的动作，对现在有影响，可用现在完成式，助动词用has，可用has drawn。故填draws / has drawn。
【70题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在参观中国旅游景点的同时，他们还可以品尝到美味的食物。While后接非谓语动词，visit与逻辑主语they之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词visiting，作状语。故填visiting。
第四部分 写作
应用文写作(共1题;满分15分)
71. 假定你是李华。你的美国网友Mike打算寒假来中国旅游，发来邮件请你推荐景点。请给他回复邮件。
内容包括：
1．介绍某个景点特色；
2．邀请他来你所在城市游玩。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Mike,
I am glad to learn that you are visiting China this winter break.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mike,
I am glad to learn that you are visiting China this winter break. I would like to recommend Xiaoqikong scenic spot to you.
Located in Guizhou, Xiaoqikong got its name from an ancient stone bridge on its entrance. As you walk into the parks, you will be amazed by the blue lakes, lush forests and magnificent waterfalls. You can also have other experiences like boats and rafting. Last but not least, the convenient bus network and clean restrooms will make your tour more comfortable.
I wish you a nice tour and invite you to Shenzhen to explore more about China if you are available.
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生向美国网友Mike写一封邮件，向其推荐一个中国的景点，以供他寒假来中国旅游时参考，并邀请他来考生所在城市游玩。
【详解】1.词汇积累
想要做某事：would like to do sth. → want to do sth.
吃惊的：amazed → surprised/shocked
壮丽的：magnificent → grand/splendid
最后：last but not least→ finally/ lastly
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Located in Guizhou, Xiaoqikong got its name from an ancient stone bridge on its entrance.
拓展句： Xiaoqikong which is located in Guizhou, got its name from an ancient stone bridge on its entrance.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As you walk into the parks, you will be amazed by the blue lakes, lush forests and magnificent waterfalls.（运用了as引导的状语从句）
【高分句型2】I wish you a nice tour and invite you to Shenzhen to explore more about China if you are available.（运用了if引导的状语从句）
龙华区中小学2022-2023学年第一学期期末学业质量监测试卷
高一英语
说明：
1．本试卷共8页，满分130分．测试用时120分钟;考生应首先阅读答题卡上的文字信息，然后在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上作答无效。
2．答题前，请将学校、班级和姓名写在答题卡相应位置，将条形码粘贴在答题卡的贴条形码区。请保持条形码整洁、不污损。
3．选择题选出答案后，用2B铅笔涂到答题卡的相应位置上;非选择题答案必须写在答题卡指定的位置上。凡在试卷、草稿纸、超过答题框区域等作答的，其答案一律无效。
4．答题卡必须保持清洁，不能折叠。
第一部分 基础知识
单项选择(共10小题;每小题2分，满分20分)
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. The book From the Soil provides ________ unique opportunity to learn more about Chinese society.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意：《来自土壤》这本书提供了一个了解中国社会的独特机会。此处表示“一个独特的机会”，表示泛指，空处需使用不定冠词对后文中的名词进行修饰，unique(独特的)是辅音音素开头的单词，应使用不定冠词a来修饰。故选A。
2. ________ by millions of people, the 2016 World Triathlon proved to be an event of love and cooperation.
A. Watching B. To watch C. Watched D. Being watched
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在数百万人的注视下，2016年世界铁人三项赛被证明是一场爱与合作的盛会。句子谓语为proved，设空处为非谓语动词，watch与逻辑主语the 2016 World Triathlon之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故选C项。
3. — Congratulations! You ________ have made great efforts for the English speech contest.
— Thanks. I do appreciate my teacher’s guidance.
A. might B. must C. should D. could
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——恭喜你！你一定为这次英语演讲比赛下了很大的功夫。——谢谢。我很感激老师的指导。A. might have done过去可能做了某事；B. must have done过去一定做了某事；C. should have done过去本应该做某事；D. could have done本来可以做某事。根据“Thanks. I do appreciate my teacher’s guidance.”可知，在这次英语演讲比赛得奖，说明过去一定下了很大的功夫。故选B。
4. From time to time, I look at the photo taken in Yellowstone as a ________ to show respect to all animals.
A. reminder B. remark C. symbol D. signal
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不时地，我看着在黄石公园拍摄的照片，提醒我要尊重所有的动物。A.reminder提醒物；B. remark言论；评述；C. symbol象征；D.signal信号。根据句意可知，空处可使用名词reminder，意为“提醒物”，表示“提醒自己要尊重动物”。故选A。
5. Longji Rice Terraces still mean a lot to local people, ________ traditions hold much value.
A. in which B. who C. for whom D. that
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：龙吉水稻梯田对当地人来说仍然是很重要的，因为对他们来说传统上有很大的价值。分析句子可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词local people，结合句意，此处表示“对于当地人来说”，可使用介词for，关系代词whom指代先行词local people作介词的宾语。故选C。
6. 92000 hectares of farmland in the country have been planted with food crops________.
A. up to now B. ten years ago C. now and then D. by the end of next year
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时间状语。句意：到目前为止，全国种植粮食作物的耕地面积已达9.2万公顷。A. up to now到目前为止，用现在完成时；B. ten years ago十年前，用一般过去时；C. now and then有时，用一般现在时；D. by the end of next year到明年年底前，用将来完成时。根据句中时态have been planted可知，此处应用up to now来表示“到目前为止”，故选A。
7. You’d better back up general statements with________examples to make your article full and detailed.
A. various B. specific C. typical D. individual
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你最好用具体的例子来支持一般的陈述，使你的文章完整而详细。A. various各种各样的；B. specific具体的；C. typical典型的；有代表性的；D. individual单独的。根据“to make your article full and detailed.”可知，为了你的文章完整而详细，需要具体的例子。故选B。
8. With the policy of One Belt One Road, companies are ________ interested to employ people who speak two or more European languages.
A. vividly B. fortunately C. narrowly D. particularly
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：有了一带一路的政策，公司特别有兴趣雇用会说两种或两种以上欧洲语言的人。A. vividly生动地；B. fortunately幸运地；C. narrowly刚好，勉强地；D. particularly尤其。根据后文“interested to employ people who speak two or more European languages”指对会说两种或两种以上欧洲语言的人特别感兴趣，应用particularly。故选D。
9. Kylian Mbappé has scored 8 goals in FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022, ________ millions of teenagers to play football.
A. inspired B. inspiring C. to inspire D. being inspired
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：基利安·姆巴佩尔在2022年卡塔尔世界杯上打进8球，激励了数百万青少年踢足球。分析句子可知，该句已有谓语has，因此空处应使用非谓语在句中作状语。主语Kylian Mbappé和inspire(激励)之间是逻辑上的主动关系，因此需使用现在分词inspiring作状语。故选B。
10. — Although the dress fits me well, the bow (蝴蝶结) is ugly. I won’t wear it.
— ________ If you make some changes to it, it will look lovely on you.
A. Well begun, half done. B. So, hold you head up, then.
C. When the cats are away, the mice will play. D. You shouldn’t throw the baby out with the bathwater.
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：—虽然这条裙子很适合我，但是蝴蝶结很难看。我不会穿的。—你不应该把婴儿连同洗澡水一起倒掉。如果你对它做一些改变，它在你身上看起来会很可爱。A. Well begun, half done.良好的开端是成功的一半；B. So, hold you head up, then.所以，抬起你的头；C. When the cats are away, the mice will play.山中无老虎，猴子称大王；D. You shouldn’t throw the baby out with the bathwater. 不要不分好坏地全盘抛弃。根据句意，说话人建议对方不要因为蝴蝶结不好看而否定那条裙子，即不要良莠一起抛。故选D项。
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Online dictionaries have become part of the writing and reading culture. Considering that there are several of them, you need to know what dictionary to use in different situations. The following gives you a detailed outlook of the best dictionaries on the web, their unique features, and their advantages and disadvantages.
Collins Dictionary
Featuring over 4.5 billion words, it is one of the best platforms for learners and teachers. Its search engine enables you to select the word by just typing a few letters. However, it doesn’t feature urban words and that the translator mode doesn’t always give correct translations.
Urban Dictionary
Urban dictionary is an online platform where you can find urban words or slang expressions. Although it doesn’t come handy for scholars, it can help you understand slang or urban words you come across around the web. You sometimes have to do many searches to get desired results.
Oxford Dictionary
Known as the best tool for students and learners, it helps define words both in British and American English. For clearer understanding, Oxford dictionary offers pictures, example sentences, and audio pronunciation, among others. It is the ideal (最合适的) dictionary to use when writing a research paper, but is sometimes criticized for complex word definitions.
Cambridge Dictionary
This dictionary is another highly respected online dictionary for official and academic purposes. It has three outstanding features which are dictionary, grammar, and translator. The dictionary supports translation for over 20 languages. Sometimes you may meet lots of information that might make it hard to get desired results.
11. What makes users dissatisfied with Collins Dictionary?
A. Outdated words. B. A small vocabulary.
C. Frequent searches. D. Some bad translations.
12. Which dictionary features slangs?
A. Collins Dictionary. B. Urban Dictionary.
C. Oxford Dictionary. D. Cambridge Dictionary.
13. What do Oxford Dictionary and Cambridge Dictionary have in common?
A. They present a lot of pictures. B. They provide various translations.
C. They define words in a complex way. D. They are useful for research purposes.
【答案】11. D 12. B 13. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了网络上最好的词典，它们的独特之处以及它们的优缺点。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。Collins Dictionary部分提到“However, it doesn’t feature urban words and that the translator mode doesn’t always give correct translations.”（然而，它并不以城市词为特征，译者模式并不总是给出正确的翻译。）由此判断，因为柯林斯词典一些不正确的翻译，因此可能导致用户有意见。故选D。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。Urban Dictionary部分提到“Although it doesn’t come handy for scholars, it can help you understand slang or urban words you come across around the web.”（虽然它对学者来说不方便，但它可以帮助你理解你在网上遇到的俚语或城市词汇。）由此判断，城市词典可以进行俚语的查询。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。Oxford Dictionary部分提到“It is the ideal (最合适的) dictionary to use when writing a research paper, but is sometimes criticized for complex word definitions.”（它是撰写研究论文时使用的理想词典，但有时因复杂的单词定义而受到批评。）Cambridge Dictionary部分提到“This dictionary is another highly respected online dictionary for official and academic purposes. ”（这本词典是另一本备受推崇的官方和学术在线词典。）由此判断，这两个词典它们对研究很有用。故选D。
B
Libby Federici loves her job at Haley House, a soup kitchen in Boston’s South End. On a recent weekday morning she was busy greeting guests, helping volunteers, preparing pots of fresh coffee, and answering endless questions. Butter? We have tons. Cups? I’ll grab some for you.
“Without this place there would be no me. These people are angels,” says Linda Bell, a regular guest at Haley House’s free morning breakfast.
That feeling is created by Haley House, a program that for five decades has approached social issues facing Boston’s South End community through its soup kitchen, cheap housing, urban gardens, and education programs. The organization welcomes homeless people or those living in low-income housing as a valuable part of the larger community. “It’s really important to know people as people,” says Ms. Federici, who also works for the organization while serving in the kitchen.
Instead of relying on volunteers or drive-by helpers to work in its soup kitchen, Haley House seeks out people of all ages and backgrounds who are interested in staying there for two years to help solve the social problems in South End. In exchange, they receive room and board, running its kitchen and caring for its guests.
The biggest offering that Haley House has to Boston is, it’s an example of how all these pieces are linked — food, training, jobs, housing. “We couldn’t solve that whole problem of housing homeless people. We couldn’t give jobs to everybody. But what we did was we created models,” says Ms. McKenna, who is now retired from Haley House.
“There is that strong connection to the community that Haley House workers are able to develop over their time here,” says Sean Ahern, who delivers food to Haley House. “They are really passionate about food, but more importantly, about people.”
14. Which of the following best describes Libby Federici?
A. Warm-hearted. B. Sharp-minded. C. Generous. D. Intelligent.
15. What is Haley House intended for?
A. Popularizing local soup culture. B. Educating South End neighbors.
C. Helping build a better community. D. Stressing the importance of people.
16. What do we know about Haley House workers?
A. They are talented cooks. B. They do the job for free.
C. They live in Haley House. D. They come from Boston.
17. What is the best title for the text?
A. From Haley to Boston: A Popular Model
B. Haley House: A Developing Organization
C. Libby Federici: A Worker at Haley House
D. From Soup to Jobs: The Haley House Story
【答案】14. A 15. C 16. D 17. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要通过讲述Libby Federici的工作来介绍Haley House这个解决波士顿南端社区面临的社会问题的项目。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“On a recent weekday morning she was busy greeting guests, helping volunteers, preparing pots of fresh coffee, and answering endless questions. Butter? We have tons. Cups? I’ll grab some for you.(在最近一个工作日的早晨，她忙着迎接客人，帮助志愿者，准备一壶新鲜的咖啡，并回答没完没了的问题。黄油吗？我们有很多。杯子吗?我去给你拿一些)”推知，Libby Federici很热心，故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“That feeling is created by Haley House, a program that for five decades has approached social issues facing Boston’s South End community through its soup kitchen, cheap housing, urban gardens, and education programs.(这种感觉是由Haley House创造的，这是一个50年来通过施粥所、廉价住房、城市花园和教育项目来解决波士顿南端社区面临的社会问题的项目)”可知，Haley House是用来帮助建立一个更好的社区的。故选C。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“That feeling is created by Haley House, a program that for five decades has approached social issues facing Boston’s South End community through its soup kitchen, cheap housing, urban gardens, and education programs.(这种感觉是由Haley House创造的，这是一个50年来通过施粥所、廉价住房、城市花园和教育项目来解决波士顿南端社区面临的社会问题的项目)”和倒数第三段的“Instead of relying on volunteers or drive-by helpers to work in its soup kitchen, Haley House seeks out people of all ages and backgrounds who are interested in staying there for two years to help solve the social problems in South End.(哈利之家不是依靠志愿者或路过的帮工在施舍处工作，而是寻找各种年龄和背景的人，他们有兴趣在那里呆两年，帮助解决南端的社会问题)”可知，Haley House是在波士顿，工作人员是来自波士顿。故选D。
【17题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Libby Federici loves her job at Haley House, a soup kitchen in Boston’s South End.(Libby Federici喜欢她在Haley House的工作，这是波士顿南端的一家施粥所)”和第三段的“That feeling is created by Haley House, a program that for five decades has approached social issues facing Boston’s South End community through its soup kitchen, cheap housing, urban gardens, and education programs.(这种感觉是由Haley House创造的，这是一个50年来通过施粥所、廉价住房、城市花园和教育项目来解决波士顿南端社区面临的社会问题的项目)”可知，本文主要通过讲述Libby Federici的工作来介绍Haley House这个解决波士顿南端社区面临的社会问题的项目，因此最好的题目是C选项“Libby Federici: A Worker at Haley House(Libby Federici：Haley House的一名工作人员)”，故选C。
C
Exams make us anxious. The silence of the hall; the ticking of the clock; the proud expression of the person sitting at the neighboring desk who has finished 15 minutes early. It therefore seems hardly surprising that those who worry about taking tests do worse than those who do not.
What is, perhaps, surprising, according to research recently published by Maria Theobald, is that it is not the pressure of the exam hall which causes the problem. It is the pressure of review.
Dr. Theobald worked with 309 students who were preparing for their final state exam, the most important that they take. During the 100 days before that, the students used a digital-learning platform which presented them with old exam questions and recorded their performance. They also sat a mock exam (模拟考) 40 days before the real thing. To know their levels of anxiety, they were asked every day including the days of the mock and the real exam to give themselves 1-5 points to questions like “How much do I feel tense and nervous?”
Dr. Theobald found that anxiety on the day of the test did not predict exam performance at all. What predicted it was the level of knowledge a student showed in the mock and the earlier digital-learning activities. Those who performed well in these also did well in the real thing, no matter how anxious they were on the day. What actually affected students, it turned out, were high levels of anxiety during the weeks before the exam took place. The greater a student’s anxiety on the days before the exam, the lower his or her knowledge-gain was during that period, leaving that student with less material to review during the exam itself.
To reduce the anxiety, Dr. Theobald proposes a two-fold strategy for students. First, they can raise their belief in their own abilities by reminding themselves of just how much they know. Second, they can decrease the importance of the test by reminding themselves that, while it is important, it is not a life-or-death situation.
18. What causes bad exam results according to the research?
A. The noisy clock. B. The stressful review.
C. The silent classroom. D. The annoying neighbor.
19. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. Research process. B. Research findings.
C. Research background. D. Research significance.
20. On which day(s) does anxiety affect exam performance the most?
A. The day of the real exam. B. The day of the mock.
C. The days before the real exam. D. The days before the mock.
21. What does Dr. Theobald advise us to do to overcome exam anxiety?
A. Prepare a lot for exams. B. Build up self-confidence.
C. Attach significance to tests. D. Remind ourselves of the time.
【答案】18. B 19. A 20. C 21. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过实验介绍了可能是因为复习的压力而导致学生焦虑而不是考试本身，并在文章最后提出了相对应的解决办法。
【18题详解】
细节理解题。第二段提到“What is, perhaps, surprising, according to research recently published by Maria Theobald, is that it is not the pressure of the exam hall which causes the problem. It is the pressure of review.”（根据Maria Theobald最近发表的一项研究，也许令人惊讶的是，并不是考场的压力导致了这个问题。是复习的压力。）由此判断，根据研究发现，是因为复习的压力才导致了考试结果不好。故选B。
【19题详解】
主旨大意题。第三段第一句提到“Dr. Theobald worked with 309 students who were preparing for their final state exam, the most important that they take.”（Theobald博士与309名正在为他们的期末考试做准备的学生一起工作，这是他们所做的最重要的事情。）；该段还提到“During the 100 days before that, the students used a digital-learning platform which presented them with old exam questions and recorded their performance.”（在此之前的100天里，学生们使用了一个数字学习平台，给他们提供了一些旧的考试问题，并记录了他们的表现。）；该段最后一句提到“To know their levels of anxiety, they were asked every day including the days of the mock and the real exam to give themselves 1-5 points to questions like “How much do I feel tense and nervous?””（为了了解他们的焦虑程度，他们每天都被问到，包括模拟的日子，以及真正的考试，给他们自己1-5分的问题，比如“我有多大压力和紧张？”），由此判断，该段在陈述该项实验的过程。故选A。
【20题详解】
细节理解题。第四段提到“What actually affected students, it turned out, were high levels of anxiety during the weeks before the exam took place. ”（事实证明，真正影响学生的是考试前几周的高度焦虑。）由此判断，在考试前一段时间学生的焦虑程度会非常高。对故选C。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。最后一段提到“First, they can raise their belief in their own abilities by reminding themselves of just how much they know.”（首先，他们可以通过提醒自己了解多少来提高他们对自己能力信心。）由此判断，Dr. Theobald建议通过提升自信心来降低考试前的焦虑。故选B。
D
Humans and elephants don’t always get along. In Africa and Asia, elephants damage farmers’ crops and natural habitats of other species. If an elephant becomes a problem, it may be killed. So, people are trying to find better ways to keep elephants away from these places.
Kenyan farmers have long known that if they hang bee hives (蜂巢) around their farms, elephants would no longer visit. “The problem is how you manage hundreds of thousands of hives, if you have a huge area to protect.” said Mark Wright, a professor at the University of Hawaii.
The idea came up to look at honeybee pheromones (信息素), chemicals that the bees use to repel something that’s attacking the hive. Because elephants have a highly developed sense of smell, Wright and his team thought they might be able to use honeybee pheromones to affect elephant behaviors.
They tested out a mixture of chemicals similar to honeybees’ alarm signals. In Greater Kruger National Park in South Africa, the team hung white socks with the chemicals and normal socks around an elephant watering hole, and observed the animals’ behavior.
“Elephants are really curious creatures. They’ll walk along and see something like a sock hanging in a tree, and they’ll observe it. If it’s not with the pheromones, they’ll pick it up, throw it around, and try to taste it, things like that. And in the case of those with the pheromones, they would quickly show signs of unease or uncertainty, and they’d back off from them. Very seldom would they go pick them up and play with them.”
The study is in Current Biology. Next up, the researchers plan to perfect the chemicals to get an even stronger avoidance response from elephants. That way, these remarkable animals will stay far away from wherever they should not be going — and both elephants and humans can coexist a bit more peacefully.
22. What is known about elephants in Africa and Asia?
A. They get on well with humans. B. They must be in great danger.
C. They attack farmers on purpose. D. They might threaten other species.
23. What does the underlined word “repel” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Search for. B. Slow down. C. Drive away. D. Look into.
24. How did Wright’s team conduct the research?
A. By testing predictions. B. By making comparisons.
C. By analyzing causes and effects. D. By recording historical development.
25. What is the main idea of the text?
A. Honeybee pheromones are put into use.
B. Elephants live in harmony with humans.
C. Honeybee alarm signals protect elephants.
D. Elephants’ curiosity is out of expectations.
【答案】22. D 23. C 24. B 25. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了为了让大象与人类和平相处，研究者通过蜜蜂信息素来驱逐大象远离作物和其他物种的栖息地。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In Africa and Asia, elephants damage farmers’ crops and natural habitats of other species.(在非洲和亚洲，大象破坏了农民的庄稼和其他物种的自然栖息地。)”可知，大象破坏了作物和其他物种的栖息地，由此可知，大象可能威胁到其他物种。故选D项。
【23题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段中“The idea came up to look at honeybee pheromones (信息素), chemicals that the bees use... something that’s attacking the hive.(这个想法是想看看蜜蜂信息素，蜜蜂使用的化学物质……攻击蜂巢的东西。)”可知，信息素是一种化学物质，对于来攻击蜂巢的东西，蜜蜂应是用这种化学物质来对付他们以保护蜂巢，结合选项可推断该单词意为“驱逐”。故选C项。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“They’ll walk along and see something like a sock hanging in a tree, and they’ll observe it. If it’s not with the pheromones, they’ll pick it up, throw it around, and try to taste it, things like that. And in the case of those with the pheromones, they would quickly show signs of unease or uncertainty, and they’d back off from them.(他们走着走着，看到树上挂着一只袜子之类的东西，他们就会观察。如果没有信息素，它们就会把食物捡起来，扔来扔去，试着尝一尝，诸如此类。对于那些有信息素的人来说，他们很快就会表现出不安或不确定的迹象，然后他们就会退缩。)”可知，研究人员观察大象对待未含有蜜蜂信息素的袜子类的东西与含有蜜蜂信息素的袜子类的东西反应不同，由此可知，Wright的团队通过比较大象在有信息素和没有信息素的情况下的不同表现来进行这项研究的。故选B项。
【25题详解】
主旨大意题。根据首段“Humans and elephants don’t always get along. In Africa and Asia, elephants damage farmers’ crops and natural habitats of other species. If an elephant becomes a problem, it may be killed. So, people are trying to find better ways to keep elephants away from these places.(人类和大象并不总是相处融洽。在非洲和亚洲，大象破坏农民的庄稼和其他物种的自然栖息地。如果大象成为问题，它可能会被杀死。因此，人们正试图找到更好的方法来让大象远离这些地方。)”并结合下文中研究者研究大象对蜜蜂信息素的反应的实验及发现可知，本文主要介绍的是文章主要讲述研究人员如何通过蜜蜂信息素来驱逐大象远离农民的作物和其他物种的自然栖息地，使大象和人类更加和平地共处。故选C项。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
“The Friendship Files” is my series of interviews about friendships. When this project began, I wrote, “People are at their most generous, their funniest, and their most fascinating when talking with and about their friends.” The interviews only strengthened that belief. ____26____
Build-up
____27____ Sometimes that increases slowly, as it did for two neighbors who have lived across the hall for 20 years. They’ve checked in on each other when they were sick, and split the bill of a magazine. Those moments finally added up to a friendship during the pandemic (流行病), when they opened doors to talk across the hallway and felt less alone.
Attention
Making friends can be hard, but there are more opportunities than we think. A new friend could be waiting in the comments section of an article you’re reading, or on the other side of a Google Doc. ____28____ As much as we may feel like our social networks are settled, it’s never too late to meet someone who will be important to you for the rest of your life.
Intention
Attention only gets you so far without action. When opportunity arises, put yourself out there. That requires courage to let things be awkward, which is the hardest part of friendship. ____29____ But this does not mean making friends is labor. It takes effort, but it should be a joy.
Tradition
One thing that seems to make keeping up with friends easier is tradition, like organizing a book club, a monthly hike, or a regular Dungeons & Dragons campaign. ____30____ The Dungeons & Dragons group has a shorthand (速记法) dating back 30 years ago.
A. The simplest and most obvious one is time spent together.
B. These unexpected relationships need our special attention.
C. We need to be brave to build friendship in places we never expect it.
D. Besides keeping groups close, they can give its members a shared culture.
E. It takes energy and thought, and you could feel stressed mentally and physically.
F. Healthy friendships help improve our well-being in a lot of ways, which are listed as follows.
G. Though every bond is different, there are several key forces that help form and maintain friendships.
【答案】26. G 27. A 28. B 29. E 30. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者关于友谊的一系列采访“友谊档案”中关于友谊的几个关键力量。
【26题详解】
分析可知，空处为该段的总结句。前文提到“When this project began, I wrote, “People are at their most generous, their funniest, and their most fascinating when talking with and about their friends.” The interviews only strengthened that belief.”（当这个项目开始时，我写道：“人们在与朋友交谈和谈论朋友时，是最慷慨、最有趣、最迷人的。”采访只是强化了这种信念。），且根据后文中提到的各个方面可知，空处要选择一项可以进行承上启下的内容。G项提到“Though every bond is different, there are several key forces that help form and maintain friendships.”（虽然每一种关系都是不同的，但有几个关键的力量有助于形成和维持友谊。）该项符合文意。故选G。
【27题详解】
后文提到“Sometimes that increases slowly, as it did for two neighbors who have lived across the hall for 20 years.”（有时，这种情况会缓慢增加，就像在对面住了20年的两个邻居一样。）由此判断，友谊是会随着时间的增长而增长，即时间在友谊中的重要性。A项“The simplest and most obvious one is time spent together.”（最简单也是最明显的一个就是花时间在一起。）该项符合文意。故选A。
【28题详解】
前文提到“A new friend could be waiting in the comments section of an article you’re reading, or on the other side of a Google Doc. ”（一个新朋友可能会在你正在阅读的文章的评论区等着你，或者在谷歌Doc的另一边等着你。），后文提到“As much as we may feel like our social networks are settled, it’s never too late to meet someone who will be important to you for the rest of your life.”（尽管我们可能会觉得我们的社交网络已经稳定下来，但遇到对你余生都很重要的人永远不会太晚。），由此判断，交朋友的方式有多种多样，需要通过自己的发现去找到真正对自己而言非常重要的朋友。B项“These unexpected relationships need our special attention.”（这些意想不到的关系需要我们特别关注。）该项符合文意。故选B。
【29题详解】
前文提到“That requires courage to let things be awkward, which is the hardest part of friendship.”（这需要勇气让事情变得尴尬，这是友谊最难的部分。），后文提到“But this does not mean making friends is labor. It takes effort, but it should be a joy.”（但这并不意味着交朋友是一种劳动。这需要努力，但它应该是一种乐趣。）由此判断，交朋友虽然需要投入时间和精力，但这是一件让人感觉到非常有乐趣的事情，而不是痛苦。E项“It takes energy and thought, and you could feel stressed mentally and physically.”（它需要精力和思考，你可能会感到精神和身体上的压力。）该项符合文意。故选E。
【30题详解】
前文提到“One thing that seems to make keeping up with friends easier is tradition, like organizing a book club, a monthly hike, or a regular Dungeons & Dragons campaign.”（与朋友保持联系似乎更容易的一件事是传统，比如组织一个读书俱乐部，每月一次徒步旅行，或者定期参加《龙与地下城》活动。）由此判断，和朋友一起长期坚持做一件事情，并让这件事情成为你们的传统，可以使你们之间的友谊维持更长的时间。D项“Besides keeping groups close, they can give its members a shared culture.”（除了保持群体之间的亲密关系外，它们还可以为成员提供一种共享的文化。）该项符合文意。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My father grew up in Chicago and loved the local team Cubs (小熊队) his whole life. I loved my dad, so the Cubs ____31____ me too. When I went back home after school or work, I always watched the Cubs with him. Two decades after my father’s ____32____, every time I watch the Cubs on television, I think of him and ____33____ with him in my head about their game.
Perhaps baseball is too ____34____ a thing for father and son to connect over. A ball game might seem, frankly, sort of ____35____ compared with family and career concerns. But that is ____36____ what makes it ideal for forming relationships. We had nothing to ____37____ as we watched them play, except for the ____38____ of enjoying the games together as father and son, which was much greater than it would have been, if either of us had ____39____ without the other. The Cubs were the “place” where we met to enjoy being _____40_____.
Lots of sports fans have similar _____41_____. Sportswriters find that 42 percent of sports fans were “very _____42_____” with their family life, compared with less than a quarter of nonfans.
If your _____43_____ with family are a little cold, you might be _____44_____ too much usefulness in your activities. Maybe the solution is to develop a taste for baseball, or maybe instead for opera or _____45_____.
31. A. attracted B. supported C. impressed D. comforted
32. A. illness B. death C. return D. arrival
33. A. joke B. agree C. discuss D. argue
34. A. small B. popular C. tiring D. risky
35. A. funny B. healthy C. dangerous D. useless
36. A. finally B. exactly C. obviously D. normally
37. A. gain B. keep C. expect D. offer
38. A. importance B. satisfaction C. pride D. power
39. A. started B. played C. watched D. enjoyed
40. A. touched B. praised C. entertained D. connected
41. A. attitudes B. interests C. explanations D. experiences
42. A. patient B. familiar C. pleased D. certain
43. A. relationships B. conversations C. days D. moments
44. A. leading to B. suffering from C. getting over D. asking about
45. A. chess B. money C. math D. science
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. B 37. A 38. B 39. C 40. D 41. D 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了作者和父亲关于体育的共同爱好，这一爱好使得作者常常想起和父亲在一起的时间，并且通过体育爱好，家庭之间的关系也更加的紧密。
31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我爱我爸爸，所以小熊队也吸引了我。A. attracted吸引；B. supported支持；C. impressed使......印象深刻；D. comforted安慰。根据下文“When I went back home after school or work, I always watched the Cubs with him. Two decades after my father’s ____2____, every time I watch the Cubs on television, I think of him and ____3____ with him in my head about their game (当我放学或下班回家时，我总是和他一起看小熊队的比赛。父亲去世二十年后，每当我在电视上看小熊队的比赛时，我都会想起他，并在脑海中与他讨论他们的比赛。)”可知，作者以前总是会和父亲一起看小熊队的比赛，父亲去世20年了，依旧看小熊队的比赛，可推知：小熊队的比赛吸引（attracted）作者的注意力。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：父亲去世二十年后，每当我在电视上看小熊队的比赛时，我都会想起他，并在脑海中与他讨论他们的比赛。A. illness生病；B. death去世；C. return回归；D. arrival到达。句中提到I think of him和in my head，由此判断，作者的父亲应该是去世了（death）。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲去世二十年后，每当我在电视上看小熊队的比赛时，我都会想起他，并在脑海中与他讨论他们的比赛。A. joke开玩笑；B. agree同意；C. discuss讨论；D. argue争论。根据下文“We had nothing to ____7____ as we watched them play, except for the ____8____ of enjoying the games together as father and son, which was much greater than it would have been, if either of us had ____9____ without the other. (当我们看他们比赛的时候，我们什么也得不到，除了像父子一样一起享受比赛的满足感之外，这种满足感比我们中任何一个人单独观看比赛要大得多。)”可知，父子俩在孩子放学后一起看球赛，边看边讨论，享受着比赛，discuss符合语境。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许棒球是一件微不足道的事情，无法将父子俩联系在一起。A. small微小的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. tiring疲惫的；D. risky冒险的。根据后文“A ball game might seem, frankly, sort of ____5____ compared with family and career concerns. (坦率地说，与家庭和事业相比，球类运动似乎有点无用。)”可知，棒球显得没用，所以算是一个微不足道的（small）事情。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：坦率地说，与家庭和事业相比，球类运动似乎有点无用。A. funny有趣的；B. healthy健康的；C. dangerous危险的；D. useless无用的。上文“Perhaps baseball is too small a thing for father and son to connect over. (也许棒球是一件微不足道的事情，无法将父子俩联系在一起。)”，因为棒球的微不足道，因此棒球相对于家庭和事业而言好像有点没有作用。故选D项。
【36题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但正是这一点使它成为建立关系的理想选择。A. finally最终；B. exactly恰好，确切地；C. obviously明显地；D. normally普通的。根据下文“We had nothing to ____7____ as we watched them play, except for the ____8____ of enjoying the games together as father and son, which was much greater than it would have been, if either of us had ____9____ without the other. (当我们看他们比赛的时候，我们什么也得不到，除了像父子一样一起享受比赛的满足感之外，这种满足感比我们中任何一个人单独观看比赛要大得多。)”可知，尽管一起看球赛微不足道，但是就是通过这样的契机，父子建立良好的亲子关系，exactly符合语境。故选B项。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们看他们比赛的时候，我们什么也得不到，除了像父子一样一起享受比赛的满足感之外，这种满足感比我们中任何一个人单独观看比赛要大得多。A. gain获得；B. keep保持；C. expect期盼；D. offer提供。对于作者来说，和父亲一起看球赛的唯一收获就是感受和父亲一起看球的满足感，gain符合语境。故选A项。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们看他们比赛的时候，我们什么也得不到，除了像父子一样一起享受比赛的满足感之外，这种满足感比我们中任何一个人单独观看比赛要大得多。A. importance重要性；B. satisfaction满足；C. pride骄傲；D. power力量。根据下文“Sportswriters find that 42 percent of sports fans were ‘very ____12____’ with their family life, compared with less than a quarter of nonfans. (体育记者发现，42%的体育迷对自己的家庭生活‘非常满意’，而在非体育迷中，这一比例不到四分之一。)”，以及此处句中的of enjoying the games together as father and son可推知，和父亲一起看球赛很是享受，如今一人独自看球时再没有了当年那种满足感，只能在脑海里和父亲交流。satisfaction符合语境。故选B项。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们看他们比赛的时候，我们什么也得不到，除了像父子一样一起享受比赛的满足感之外，这种满足感比我们中任何一个人单独观看比赛要大得多。A. started开始；B. played玩；C. watched观看；D. enjoyed享受。根据第一段中“When I went back home after school or work, I always watched the Cubs with him. (当我放学或下班回家时，我总是和他一起看小熊队。)”可知，作者父子俩一起看小熊队的比赛。故选C项。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：小熊队是我们相遇并享受彼此联系的“地方”。 A. touched感动；B. praised赞美；C. entertained招待，使快乐；D. connected连接。根据上文“Two decades after my father’s ____2____, every time I watch the Cubs on television, I think of him and ____3____ with him in my head about their game (当我放学或下班回家时，我总是和他一起看小熊队的比赛。父亲去世二十年后，每当我在电视上看小熊队的比赛时，我都会想起他，并在脑海中与他讨论他们的比赛。)”可知，当年经常一起看小熊对比赛，使父子俩有了共同爱好、能进行交流，所以彼此是有联系的，connected符合语境。故选D项。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多体育迷都有类似的经历。A. attitudes态度；B. interests兴趣；C. explanations解释；D. experiences经验，经历。上文“We had nothing to ____7____ as we watched them play, except for the ____8____ of enjoying the games together as father and son, which was much greater than it would have been, if either of us had ____9____ without the other.( 当我们看他们比赛的时候，我们什么也得不到，除了像父子一样一起享受比赛的满足感之外，这种满足感比我们中任何一个人单独观看比赛要大得多。)”，以及下文“Sportswriters find that 42 percent of sports fans were ‘very ____12____’ with their family life, compared with less than a quarter of nonfans. (体育记者发现，42%的体育迷对自己的家庭生活‘非常满意’，而在非体育迷中，这一比例不到四分之一。)”，可知，和家人一起看比赛会产生很强的满足感，再根据本句中的similar可推知，家里有体育迷的，都会有这样的经历，故选D项。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：体育记者发现，42%的体育迷对自己的家庭生活“非常满意”，而在非体育迷中，这一比例不到四分之一。A. patient有耐心的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. pleased高兴的；D. certain确定的。上文“We had nothing to ____7____ as we watched them play, except for the ____8____ of enjoying the games together as father and son, which was much greater than it would have been, if either of us had ____9____ without the other. (当我们看他们比赛的时候，我们什么也得不到，除了像父子一样一起享受比赛的满足感之外，这种满足感比我们中任何一个人单独观看比赛要大得多。)”可知，体育迷和家人一起看比赛会产生很强的满足感，很开心，pleased符合语境。故选C项。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你和家人的关系有点冷淡，你可能会因为在你的活动中有太多的用处而受苦。A. relationships关系；B. conversations对话；C. days天；D. moments时刻。根据上文“Perhaps baseball is too ____4____ a thing for father and son to connect over. A ball game might seem, frankly, sort of ____5____ compared with family and career concerns. (也许棒球是一件微不足道的事情，无法将父子俩联系在一起。坦率地说，与家庭和事业相比，球类运动似乎有点无用。)”，以及下文“Sportswriters find that 42 percent of sports fans were ‘very ____12____’ with their family life, compared with less than a quarter of nonfans. (体育记者发现，42%的体育迷对自己的家庭生活‘非常满意’，而在非体育迷中，这一比例不到四分之一。)”，可推知，认为家庭、事业更重要的人与家人的交流机会少，关系冷淡，relationships符合语境。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：如果你和家人的关系有点冷淡，那么你可能在活动中受到太多有用的东西的影响而苦恼。A. leading to导致；B. suffering from遭受；C. getting over克服；D. asking about询问。相比于观看体育赛事，认为其他活动更重要的人与家人的交流机会少，这一点导致当事人遭受和家人关系疏远的苦恼，suffering from符合语境。故选B项。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许解决办法是培养对棒球的兴趣，或者对歌剧或国际象棋的兴趣。A. chess象棋；B. money金钱；C. math数学；D. science科学。根据上文“The Cubs were the ‘place’ where we met to enjoy being ____10____. (小熊队是我们相遇并享受彼此联系的‘地方’。)”可知，要增加和家人的交流，句中的baseball, or maybe instead for opera，这些都是可以和家人一起参与的，促进家庭关系、亲子关系的活动，chess符合语境。故选A项。
第二节 完成句子(共15小题; 每小题1分，每空0.5分，满分15分)
根据首字母或所给中文提示以适当的形式完成句子。每空一词，每题两空。
46. Keep on running, Rob. ________ ________ (毕竟), 20 minutes of exercise every day is better than nothing. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. After ②. all
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：继续跑，罗伯。毕竟，每天运动20分钟总比不运动强。“毕竟”表达为短语after all，作状语。设空处在句首，after的首字母大写。故填：①After；②all。
47. It wouldn’t be quite the thing to t________ ________ (出现) in jeans and trainers at the graduation ceremony. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】 ①. turn##urn ②. up
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：穿着牛仔裤和运动鞋出现在毕业典礼上是不太合适的。分析句子结构可知，此处应为动词原形，根据提示的中英文，此处表示“出现”应为turn up，且位于不定式符号to之后，表主动意义。故填turn up。
48. People are not allowed to cut down this kind of trees, which is ________ ________ (是……的家园) some local animals. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. home ②. to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：人们不允许砍伐这种树，这是一些当地动物的家园。根据汉语提示和句意可知，空处可使用固定短语be home to，意为“是……的家园”。故填①home②to。
49. None of the competitors could catch up with the runner in ________ ________ (领先). （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. the ②. lead
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：没有一个竞争者能赶上领先的赛跑者。根据汉语提示和句意可知，空处可使用in the lead，意为“领先；主要的；占主导地位的”。故填①the②lead。
50. ________ ________ (流程图) are widely used in computer programs or accounting systems. （根据汉语提示填空）
【答案】 ①. Flow ②. charts
【解析】
【详解】考查名词短语。句意：流程图被广泛应用于计算机程序或会计系统中。“流程图”表达为名词短语flow chart，谓语为are used，故主语为复数形式，flow在句首，首字母大写。故填：①Flow；②charts。
51. Sally’s father was good at cooking meatballs, which were ________ ________ (浅粉红色) inside but incredibly soft and juicy. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. slightly##slight##pale##light ②. pink
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词短语、名词短语。句意：莎莉的父亲擅长做肉丸子，肉丸子的内部略带粉红色，但却非常柔软多汁。“浅粉红色”表达为slightly pink，其中pink为形容词，用副词slightly修饰，作表语；pink为名词，则用形容词slight或pale或light修饰，以名词短语slight pink或pale pink或light pink的形式，作表语。故填：①slightly / slight / pale / light；②pink。
52. Since I was a little boy, my mother has taught me to be honest, never taking what doesn’t ________ ________ (属于) me. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. belong ②. to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：当我还是个小男孩的时候，我的妈妈就教育我要诚实，永远不要拿不属于自己的东西。根据汉语提示和句意可知，空处可使用固定短语belong to，意为“属于”，由doesn’t可知，应用动词原形。故填①belong②to。
53. Leave your key with a neighbour ________ (以防万一) you lock yourself out one day. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】in case
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：把钥匙留给邻居以防万一有一天你把自己锁在门外。分析句子可知，应用连词连接两个句子，结合句意和汉语提示可知，应用in case引导目的状语从句，表示“以防万一”。故填in case。
54. The Nobel Prize winner was ________ ________ (高度赞扬) for his devotion to the advancement of physiology. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. highly ②. praised
【解析】
【详解】考查副词与被动语态。句意：这位诺贝尔奖得主因致力于生理学的发展而受到高度赞扬。分析句子结构可知，第一空为副词“高度地”作状语修饰动词“赞扬”，此处表示抽象意义的“高”，所以根据提示的汉语，表示“高度赞扬”应为highly praise，praise与主语The Nobel Prize winner之间为被动关系，所以praise应为过去分词形式praised。故填①highly②praised。
55. Even though the new department doesn’t have e________ ________ (足够空间) to swing a cat, it is convenient for me to take metro to my company. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】 ①. enough ②. room##space
【解析】
【详解】考查名词短语。句意：虽然新部门连一只猫旋转的余地都没有，但是我乘地铁去公司很方便。根据所给首字母，“足够空间”表达为名词短语enough room或enough space，为不可数名词，作have的宾语。故填：①enough；②room/space。
56. As a book lover, J.K Rowling always l________ ________ of (忘记) time in the bookstore, deeply absorbed in books. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】 ①. lost##loses ②. track
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：作为一个爱书的人，j.k.罗琳在书店里总是忘记时间，全神贯注地看书。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据提示的汉语，表示“忘记”应为lose track of，结合句意，该句可理解为讲述现在或过去的情况均可，所以可以使用一般现在时，句子主语为第三人称单数，且表主动关系，所以lose使用loses；也可用一般过去时，lose使用lost。故填lost/loses track。
57. With the new regulation about the pandemic announced, the new life of 2023 is w________ ________ (向……挥手) us. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】 ①. waving ②. at##to
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：随着新冠疫情防控新规的出台，2023年的新生活正在向我们招手。根据汉语提示和句意可知，空处可使用动词短语wave at/to，根据is可知，该句应使用现在进行时be doing，表示“正在做”，wave要使用其现在分词waving。故填①waving；②at或to。
58. S________ ________ (社交媒体) and smart-phone apps have become so popular in recent years because teens need a place to call their own. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】 ①. Social##ocial ②. media
【解析】
【详解】考查名词短语。句意：近年来，社交媒体和智能手机应用变得如此流行，因为青少年需要一个属于自己的地方。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词短语作主语，根据提示的中英文，表示“社交媒体”应为social media，因位于句首，social的首字母需大写。故填①Social②media。
59. I c________ ________ (偶遇；遇到) a picture of my head teacher when I was going through my stuff. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】 ①. came##ame ②. across
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我在整理东西的时候偶然发现了一张班主任的照片。根据汉语提示和句意可知，空处可使用固定短语come across(偶然遇到)，根据I was going through my stuff可知，该句应使用一般过去时。故填①came②across。
60. S________ ________ (谈及) the novel “After Twenty Years”, I regard it as a pretty lively story about two ordinary men in New York city. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】 ①. Speaking##peaking ②. of
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：谈到小说《二十年后》，我认为这是一个关于两个普通纽约人的生动故事。根据汉语提示和句意可知，空处可使用speak of，意为“谈及”。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语regard（认为），空处应使用非谓语，speaking和主语I之间是逻辑上的主动关系，因此需使用现在分词，位于句首时首字母大写。故填①Speaking②of。
第三节 语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is one of the world’s oldest civilizations with numerous national treasures like Chinese cuisine. Starting over 4000 years ago, Chinese cuisine has ____61____ long history. Famous all over the world, Chinese cookery has developed over the centuries, forming a rich ____62____ (culture) content. It is characterized by fine ____63____ (select) of ingredients, precise processing, particular care to the amount of fire, and substantial nourishment. Local flavors (风味), snacks and special dishes have formed according to the region, local ____64____ (product), climate, historical factors and eating habits.
In China delicious food is often linked ____65____ festivals and celebrations. For example, Jiaozi is eaten during the Spring Festival and moon cakes ____66____ (serve) for the Middle Autumn Festival. ____67____ (enrich) the life of the people and promote the development of Chinese tourism, various kinds of Delicacy Festivals (美食节) are held every year in different regions of China. Delicious Chinese food, ____68____ is one of the most important parts of China’s abundant tourism resources, ____69____ (draw) the attention of thousands of tourists to China. While ____70____ (visit) scenic Chinese tourist attractions, they can also taste delicious food.
【答案】61. a 62. cultural
63. selection
64. products
65. with##to
66. are served
67. To enrich
68. which 69. draws##has drawn
70. visiting
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食的特点。
【61题详解】
考查冠词。句意：中国菜有着悠久的历史。history为可数名词，此处表泛指，应用不定冠词，空后形容词long辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
【62题详解】
考查形容词。句意：中国烹饪享誉世界，经过几个世纪的发展，形成了丰富的文化内容。修饰名词content应用形容词cultural，意为“文化的”。故填cultural。
【63题详解】
考查名词。句意：它的特点是精选的原料，精确的加工，特别注意火的量，和丰富的营养。形容词fine修饰名词selection，意为“选择”，为不可数名词，作by的宾语。故填selection。
【64题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：根据地域、土产、气候、历史因素和饮食习惯，形成了地方风味、小吃和特色菜。形容词local修饰名词product，意为“产品，制品”，为可数名词，空前无不定冠词，应用名词复数，与the region以及climate, historical factors and eating habits并列，作according to的宾语。故填products。
【65题详解】
考查介词。句意：在中国，美味的食物通常与节日和庆祝活动联系在一起。此处考查动词短语be linked to或被be linked with，意为“与……有关”，设空处应用介词with或with。故填with/to。
【66题详解】
考查时态、语态。句意：例如，春节吃饺子，中秋节吃月饼。and连接两个简单句，serve与逻辑主语moon cakes之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，根据前半句的时态，此处也用一般现在时，主语为复数，助动词用are。故填are served。
【67题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了丰富人们的生活，促进中国旅游业的发展，中国各地每年都会举办各种各样的美食节。句子谓语动词为are held，设空处为非谓语动词，表目的应用动词不定式，设空处在句首，to首字母要大写。故填To enrich。
【68题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：美味的中国食物，是中国丰富的旅游资源中最重要的部分之一，吸引了成千上万的游客到中国。句子谓语为draw，设空处考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为Delicious Chinese food，在从句中为主语，为物，设空处应用关系代词which，引导从句。故填which。
【69题详解】
考查时态。句意：美味的中国食物，是中国丰富的旅游资源中最重要的部分之一，吸引了成千上万的游客到中国。设空处为句子的谓语动词，陈述客观事实，可用一般现在时，主语为Delicious Chinese food，为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数draws。谓语动词也可表过去的动作，对现在有影响，可用现在完成式，助动词用has，可用has drawn。故填draws / has drawn。
【70题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在参观中国旅游景点的同时，他们还可以品尝到美味的食物。While后接非谓语动词，visit与逻辑主语they之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词visiting，作状语。故填visiting。
第四部分 写作
应用文写作(共1题;满分15分)
71. 假定你是李华。你的美国网友Mike打算寒假来中国旅游，发来邮件请你推荐景点。请给他回复邮件。
内容包括：
1．介绍某个景点特色；
2．邀请他来你所在城市游玩。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Mike,
I am glad to learn that you are visiting China this winter break.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mike,
I am glad to learn that you are visiting China this winter break. I would like to recommend Xiaoqikong scenic spot to you.
Located in Guizhou, Xiaoqikong got its name from an ancient stone bridge on its entrance. As you walk into the parks, you will be amazed by the blue lakes, lush forests and magnificent waterfalls. You can also have other experiences like boats and rafting. Last but not least, the convenient bus network and clean restrooms will make your tour more comfortable.
I wish you a nice tour and invite you to Shenzhen to explore more about China if you are available.
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生向美国网友Mike写一封邮件，向其推荐一个中国的景点，以供他寒假来中国旅游时参考，并邀请他来考生所在城市游玩。
【详解】1.词汇积累
想要做某事：would like to do sth. → want to do sth.
吃惊的：amazed → surprised/shocked
壮丽的：magnificent → grand/splendid
最后：last but not least→ finally/ lastly
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Located in Guizhou, Xiaoqikong got its name from an ancient stone bridge on its entrance.
拓展句： Xiaoqikong which is located in Guizhou, got its name from an ancient stone bridge on its entrance.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As you walk into the parks, you will be amazed by the blue lakes, lush forests and magnificent waterfalls.（运用了as引导的状语从句）
【高分句型2】I wish you a nice tour and invite you to Shenzhen to explore more about China if you are available.（运用了if引导的状语从句）
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