北京市朝阳区2023届高三二模英语试题 Word版无答案

北京市朝阳区高三年级第二学期质量检测二

英语

(考试时间90分钟 满分100分)

本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)

第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

My son was born with breathing difficulties, so he had to stay in NICU, the hospital unit for newborns needing intensive care. There he could only be fed through a tube. I hated the tube. The lovely dreams I had of nursing my baby were entirely___1___.

On the fifth day, I___2___about the tube, saying that I wanted to feed him with a bottle. The doctors agreed to let me try. My son’s feedings would be closely recorded to see if he was able to get___3___milk intake without the tube. After eighteen hours, it was determined he could not do that and the tube was back. This meant he wasn’t getting stronger. The___4___felt so dark.

Seated outside the NICU, I started crying. Just then, a young nurse came and sat beside me. When I had___5___ my sorrow a little, she handed me a tissue and asked if I wanted to talk. I asked again if we could remove the tube.

The nurse replied, “Not today. But remember, tomorrow is a new day.”

She seemed much younger than me, but her words were___6___and hope-filled, and I held on to them. I remembered her advice and repeated it to myself multiple times a day. The nurse changed my perspective away from current___7___to see the hope of tomorrow. Gradually, things started to ___8___. On day eight, my son drank half of his milk without the tube. On day ten, the doctors approved taking off the tube___9___. “Tomorrow” came. It just came a few days later than expected. On day fifteen, we were released from the hospital, and my son “graduated” from the NICU.

What I learned from that nurse was to look beyond today and the suffering of it and to consider tomorrow with_____10_____. After all, tomorrow is a new day.

1. A. controlled B. destroyed C. questioned D. recalled

2. A. protested B. wondered C. forgot D. warned

3. A. maximum B. restricted C. sufficient D. additional

4. A. plot B. spot C. atmosphere D. situation

5. A. spared B. contained C. shared D. exhibited

6 A. wise B. plain C. familiar D. sharp

7. A. mistakes B. dreams C. challenges D. doubts

8. A. go away B. look up C. make sense D. fall apart

9. A. frequently B. slightly C. completely D. occasionally

10. A. intention B. imagination C. urge D. faith

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)

A

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

As a variant of American football, flag football is a type of sport in which a player must remove a flag belt from the ball carrier to end a down. The first rule of the game is that contact____11____players is not permitted. Recently, it____12____(gain) great popularity in China among young people. It’s engaging and ridiculously fun. That’s why the percentage of people____13____ (join) a flag football club through online channels has risen to a new high level.

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

Old Connections, a telecommunications museum in Seattle, with a working exchange from the 1940s,____14____(show) how telephones brought us together, but also tore us apart. Perhaps it should not be____15____(surprise) that the Internet has brought with it a new wave of horrific destructiveness. History itself is a kind of radio programme, broadcast to us in frequencies that become harder to receive as we forget the old ways. But as long as we keep the ancient exchanges running, we have a way to remember and understand____16____we come from.

C

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

Wang Dakang, aged 88, is a model of lifelong learning. In the 1980s, he was the first person____17____(accomplish) a round trip of China using only a bicycle. To edit this experience into his book, Wang decided to go to college. At the age of 61, he____18____(admit) into college, majoring in journalism. By 2012, he had completed three majors in college. At present, Wang lives in Leshan, where he spends his days following carefully____19____(plan) routines. His study starts at 6 am every morning, during____20____he reads and takes notes from newspapers. Wang said, “There is so much to learn and I will continue learning until the very end.”

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Columbia Engineering’s Summer High School Academic Program for Engineers (SHAPE) is a selective pre-college program for high school students and recent graduates. SHAPE is tailored for students with a gift for STEM: science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Each 3-week session offers college-level, project-based courses in engineering taught by celebrated professors at the university.

SHAPE gives students a more realistic picture of what it means to be an engineer, and its professional development components help students develop the skills they need to get there.

Courses

SHAPE features creative problem-solving courses and exposes students to innovative engineering techniques and knowledge presented by professors. Please note that SHAPE does not provide college credit.

Students gain access to the famous MakerSpace and state-of-the-art research laboratories after completing the safety training and will only do so under close guidance.

SHAPE also provides students with workshops to explore career fields, professional development, and guidance on sharpening one’s college application from admissions officers. Students in the program will be visiting companies and organizations that show the classroom content in practice.

Application

Students are selected based on the following criteria:

1. Strong academic record

2. Personal statement to demonstrate excitement and interest in STEM through engagement in challenging courses, activities, projects, etc.

3. Enthusiastic letter of recommendation submitted by a math or science teacher

4. Creative responses to two required questions and one of the three optional questions

We encourage all students to apply by the priority deadline of June 15, 2023, so there is no application fee. After the priority deadline, a $50 application fee is required.

SHAPE is dedicated to supporting students and their families in need of financial assistance. We offer a limited number of need-based scholarships, which cover the full cost of SHAPE. To be considered for a need-based scholarship, families will need to provide a recent pay receipt and complete a Family Income and Expense Worksheet.

Email: shape@columbia.edu for more information.

21. What can we learn about SHAPE?

A. It suits students talented in STEM. B. It shows the procedure of learning STEM.

C. It serves as the start of students’ college life. D. It gives students chances to work with engineers.

22. In SHAPE, students can         .

A. be free to explore the MakerSpace B. earn college credit for future study

C. put school knowledge into practice D. be equipped with skills for engineering

23. To secure a place in SHAPE, students need to         .

A. show their family financial state B. answer all the given questions

C. pay application fees before deadline D. prove their learning capability

B

I lost my leg to cancer at 30. My first trip out of the house as a one-legged woman would be to see a sick friend in hospital with my mom.

As I made my way through the hospital, I was prepared for looks of curiosity, sympathy, and even shock. But one thing shook me to a depth I had never experienced before. Two kids were playing in the hallway. As I passed by on my crutches (拐杖), they looked up at me, and suddenly, the little boy pointed at me. “Look at that lady!” It seemed that he was shouting loud enough for the entire hospital to hear. “She only has one leg! Doesn’t that look funny?”

Both of the kids burst into laughter. Heads turned, and I felt the blood rush to my face. I put my head down and rushed out as fast as I dared on my crutches. I held my tears back until the car door closed. As I fell into the seats, I cried, “How could they think this is funny?”

My mom tried her best to comfort me, “Honey, they are just kids. They don’t know any better.” They were just kids, but that did not excuse their rude behavior. I felt a wave of belief flood through me. I knew what I had to do. “Well, someone has to teach them!” I said. And I knew that someone would be me.

When I was well enough, I started to visit elementary schools and talk to children about being different. I was teaching children to be respectful of people who are different, and teaching them people come in all shapes, colors and sizes and we are each special and unique.

Speaking to children was just the beginning for me. I became an inspirational speaker and author and learned that being grateful for all the remaining parts of me was the only way to start and end my day. I shared my story in my book called I Am Choosing to Smile. I do, indeed, choose to smile. Waking up every morning, I look down at my one foot and say with all sincerity, “Good morning, five toes. I’m very glad to see you!”

24. What shocked the author in the hospital?

A. The curious look a boy had.

B. The words a boy shouted out.

C. The game the boys were playing.

D. The sympathy the boys expressed.

25. How did the experience in the hospital change the author?

A. She found the purpose of her life.

B. She began to realize her difference.

C. She understood kids’ characteristics.

D. She learned the importance of respect.

26. Which of the following words can best describe the author?

A. Patient. B. Brave. C. Intelligent. D. Caring.

C

Researchers from a U.K. plant research institute have found a way to provide plants with an antibody-based defense for a specific threat, potentially speeding the creation of crops resistant to any kind of emerging virus, or bacterium (细菌). The strategy is to inoculate a protein from the plant pathogen (病原体) to be targeted to a camel or other camel relatives, purify the unusually small antibodies the camels produce, and engineer the corresponding gene section for them into a plant’s own immune gene.

Farmers lose many billions of dollars to plant diseases each year, and emerging pathogens pose new threats to food security in the developing world. Plants have evolved their own immune system, kick-started by cell receptors that recognize general pathogen features, such as a bacterial cell wall, as well as intracellular receptors for molecules (分子) produced by specific pathogens. If a plant cell detects these molecules, it may trigger its own death to save the rest of the plant. But plant pathogens often evolve and escape from those receptors.

A long-standing dream in plant biotechnology is to create designer disease resistance genes that could be produced as fast as pathogens emerge. One approach is to edit the gene for a plant immune receptor, changing the protein’s shape to recognize a particular pathogenic molecule.

Instead, Sophien Kamoun, a molecular biologist at the Sainsbury Laboratory, and his colleagues used an animal immune system to help make the receptor adjustments. During an infection with a new pathogen, animals produce billions of slightly different antibodies, ultimately selecting and mass-producing those that best target the virus.

Camelids, which include camels, are workhorses for antibody design because their immune systems create unusually small versions, called nano-bodies. As a proof of principle of the new plant defense strategy, Kamoun’s group turned to two standard camelid nano-bodies that recognize two different molecules, including one called green fluorescent protein (GFP), to detect test viruses, in this case a potato virus, engineered to make the fluorescent proteins. They investigated how well plants with the nano-body-enhanced receptors detected the changed potato viruses. It was found that the plants increased an active immune response and experienced almost no viral reproduction.

“The exciting part about this technology is that we have the potential of made-to-order resistance genes and keeping up with a pathogen,” Kamoun says. “This technology is a potential game changer,” says Jeff Dangl, a plant researcher at the University of North Carolina. Ksenia Krasileva, a scientist at the University of California, Berkeley, says the mixture of nano-bodies with plant immune receptors opens up a vast body of biomedical knowledge for plant scientists. “We can now dig into all of that research and translate it to save crops.”

27. What does the underlined word “inoculate” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

A. Compare. B. Restore. C. Introduce. D. Label.

28. What is the main purpose of Paragraph 2?

A. To illustrate the function of cells in saving the plant.

B. To explain how to strengthen plant receptors effectively.

C. To demonstrate the solutions to farmers’ annual heavy losses.

D. To reveal why plants fail to handle constantly-updated diseases.

29. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Editing plant receptors is to match the shape of pathogens.

B. Nano-bodies can help plants catch up with pathogen changes.

C. Plants select the best antibodies from animals to fight viruses.

D. Plants with nano-bodies respond actively in massive virus copying.

30. According to the passage, scientists will         .

A. apply the outcome in the real world B. prove the findings of resistance genes

C. identify similar means to fight diseases D. seek more support for the new strategy

D

Superhuman artificial intelligence is already among us. Well, sort of. When it comes to playing games like chess and Go, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of us. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading.

Humans have a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. Reading minds comes so easily to us, though, that we often don’t think to spell out what we want. If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life—to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball—we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people’s minds.

Psychologists refer to the ability to infer another’s mental state as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity starts to develop at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences.

Moreover, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one’s own learning process. Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind. In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think.

Yet we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals and desires to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI, plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI.

It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves.

31. According to the passage, which of the following contexts can AI understand well?

A. When you are asked to eat spicy food for dinner and you reply “a sore throat”.

B. When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework and he answers “my dog ate it”.

C. When a mom tells her kid some food is good for health and the kid eats it.

D When kids see their mom after hurting themselves and they cry louder.

32. The author believes that          .

A. humans’ theory of mind is far from perfect

B. humans limit AI’s theory of mind to an extent

C. we should reject human-like forms of abilities for AI

D. shared forms of theory of mind result in more powerful AI

33. As for AIs, what does the author value most?

A. Reliability. B. Practicability.

C. Reasoning capability. D. Communication ability.

34. Which would be the best title for the passage?

A. AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected

B. AI with Theory of Mind Will Reshape Our Future

C. AI’s Theory of Mind Is a Blessing or Suffering to Humans

D. Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

In our modern world there are endless alternatives. Have you ever found yourself wondering whether you should quit or stay in your job, accept an offer or give it up for another? There is a simple and practical method that solves this problem.____35____When you understand the concept, you have the power to measure every alternative with precision and make the right decision.

In the field of economics, opportunity cost is the value that you have to give up when you choose an option over another good option.____36____Every time you choose something, you give up other alternatives together with their financial benefits. It is not all the other options, but the most valued one that is defined as the opportunity cost.

____37____Take the simple example of trying to decide whether to take public transportation for 80 minutes or to drive for 40 minutes. You might save on the cost of gas while riding the bus but double the trip length and miss out on other things you could have done during that time.____38____This is how you create priorities in your daily life.

Though useful in decision making, the biggest drawback of opportunity cost is that it’s often related to what’s hard to quantify.____39____After all, putting a number to your peaceful mind or happiness can be difficult.

Opportunity cost isn’t cut and dried. It varies from person to person. At the end of the day, you are in charge of what you own and what you want to gain.

A. It is about finding out the opportunity cost.

B. Weigh the losses and gains and make your decision.

C. Opportunity cost matters not only in economics but also in real life.

D. This is especially true when the opportunity cost is of non-financial benefit.

E. The key principle underlying the idea is that there is no such thing as free lunch.

F. Most people overlook opportunity cost because the benefits are usually hidden from view.

G. It is the development of important skills that would help you move forward in your daily life.

第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)

第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

The term “nostalgia” was first coined in 1688 and was defined as a mental illness of soldiers continually thinking about their homeland and longing for return. However, today we have a much more positive attitude to nostalgia. It’s a great example of the benefits of a strong memory.

In numerous scientific experiments, researchers have found that subjects are much more likely to report positive feelings from a given piece of music if they’ve heard it before. But there’s also a growing body of research into time travel “the other way”, because memory skills can take people into the future, too. Decades of studies have shown that time travel into the future can bring a whole new set of rewards. For example, athletes who practice by mentally visualizing and imagining successful performances in the future do perform better.

All these findings are inspiring and attractive How could you become a confident time traveler to the past or into the future? Here are some tips for you:

·To take pleasure in helpful memories, maybe to reawaken happy feelings, use all your senses—not just sight. Smell, taste, touch and sound will also help you to recreate the past in rich clarity.

·If you find a memory that’s particularly helpful—for reassurance, say—keep using it!

You’ll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers of detail each time.

·When you’re procrastinating (拖延), visualize an end result. Flash forward to see the floor swept or the essay finished, and use that positive image to drive you into action.

·Ahead of major challenges, imagine the full impact of success. Don’t just picture yourself getting that great job: fill your mind with the really big ways it’s going to change your life.

There’ll still be times when old thoughts remind you of sadness, or you’re anxious about what’s next. But the more you learn to control your memory, the better you’ll be at mining your past, and shaping your future, to be your best self now.

40. What did nostalgia originally mean?

___________________________________________

41. What have the researchers found about time travel?

___________________________________________

42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.

➢Memory skills can bring us into the future, so we should imagine a negative end result to drive us into action when procrastinating.

___________________________________________

43. Describe one of the helpful time-travel experiences in your life. (In about 40 words)

___________________________________________

第二节(20分)

44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你最近读完了外教Jim推荐的一本英文书，请你用英文给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：

1.表达感谢并分享读书收获;

2.交流后续英文书阅读计划。

注意：1.词数100左右;

2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua