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黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期中考试试卷（Word版附解析）
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这是一份黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期中考试试卷（Word版附解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。
哈九中2021级高二学年下学期期中考试
英语学科试卷
第一部分：听力测试（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman think of the lecture?
A. Popular. B. Boring. C. Interesting.
2. What are the speakers going to do?
A. Watch a football match. B. Go out for a walk. C. Watch TV at home.
3 What can we learn about the man from the conversation?
A. He enjoys using e-mails.
B. He often receives letters from his friends.
C. He never writes letters to his friends.
4. Where did the woman stay while she was in Brighton?
A. She stayed in her friend’s house.
B. She stayed in a hotel with her friends.
C. She camped near the mountains.
5. What does the man mean?
A. His mother likes the pie very much.
B. This pie can match his mother’s.
C. This apple pie tastes very good.
第二节（共15小题；小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6至7题。
6. Where will the woman go?
A. The department store. B. The stamp market. C. The drugstore.
7. When will the speakers meet?
A. An hour and a half later. B. An hour later. C. Half an hour later.
听下面一段对话，回答第8至9题。
8. What do cats like to do?
A. Take a walk with the owner.
B. Walk alone.
C. Have a big meal every day.
9. How many reasons make cats the best pets?
A. Four. B. Three. C. Two.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至12题。
10 What is the woman?
A. A famous sports star. B. A famous teacher. C. A famous pop star.
11. Why doesn’t the woman want to go back to her mother school?
A. She hates all the teachers there.
B. She was not a good student at that time.
C. She is busy working.
12. What does the woman decide to do finally?
A. Go back to her mother school.
B. Write a letter to her friends.
C. Not to go back to her mother school.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至16题。
13. When was the new television sent to the man?
A. Today. B. Yesterday. C. Last week.
14. Why did the man get a new TV?
A. The TV is on sale. B. He loves the big TV. C. His old TV does not work.
15. How much does the man pay for the new TV?
A. $1,200. B. $1,250. C. $2,100.
16. What will the man probably do after the conversation?
A. He will be eager to watch TV.
B. He will return the television to the store.
C. He will look for a cheaper television.
听下面一段对话，回答第17至20题。
17. Where does the man do most of his work?
A. In planes. B. In the office. C. At the airport.
18. What does the man do at the beginning of each workday?
A. Talk to air hostesses.
B. Check the air hostesses’ work.
C. Get flight information.
19. What is the man’s favorite part of the job?
A. Speaking with some air hostesses.
B. Doing office work.
C. Checking how hostesses work on planes.
20. What does the man want to do?
A. Stay in the same job. B. Earn more money. C. Stop travelling.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题：每题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Young Writers Awards
About the Contest
Bennington College has a unique literary tradition. We’ve had twelve Pulitzer Prize winners, three US poet laureates, four MacArthur Geniuses, and two of Time magazine’s 100 most influential people. In celebration of this, Bennington launched the Young Writers Awards to promote excellence in writing at the high school level. Students are invited to enter with the following work:
•Poetry: A group of three poems
•Fiction: A short story (1,500 words or fewer) or one-act play
•Nonfiction: A personal or academic essay (1,500 words or fewer)
A first-, second-, and third-place winner is selected in each category. We welcome participation of both US and international students.
Awards & Rules
First-place winners in each category are awarded a prize of $1,000; second-place winners receive $500; third-place winners receive $250.
•No charge for entrance. Fees for accidents caused by participants are required.
•All entries must be original work reviewed, approved and guided by a teacher. We will use your teacher as a contact for the competition should we have any questions. For homeschooled students, please contact one to assist in your writing even if you have experience in such competitions.
Young Writers Awards finalists and winners are also qualified for undergraduate scholarships at Bennington. Young Writers Awards finalists who apply and gain admission to Bennington will receive a $10,000 scholarship every year for four years, for a total of $40,000. Young Writers Awards winners reaching the standard will receive $15,000 every year, for a total of $60,000.
1. What can be learned about the Young Writers Awards?
A. It rewards three winners at last.
B. It’s a tradition of Bennington College.
C. It accepts participants worldwide.
D. It offers scholarships to undergraduates.
2. What are the participants asked to do?
A. Hand in a personal essay. B. Have related writing experience.
C. Pay an entry fee on time. D. Find a teacher to help with the entry.
3. How much will the second-place winner to be admitted into Bennington gain in total?
A. $10,500. B. $15,500.
C. $40,500. D. $60,500.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了本宁顿学院举办的一项面向全球各地的高中生的写作比赛。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据About the Contest部分最后一句“We welcome participation of both US and international students.(我们欢迎美国学生和国际学生的参与。)”可知，该比赛欢迎所有美国和国际学生。由此可推知，Young Writers Awards接受世界各地的参赛者。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Awards & Rules部分的“All entries must be original work reviewed, approved and guided by a teacher.(所有参赛作品必须是由老师审阅、批准和指导的原创作品。)”和“please contact one to assist in your writing even if you have experience in such competitions(即使你有参加这类比赛的经验，也请联系一个协助你写作的人)”可知，参赛者需要找到一位老师指导自己的参赛作品。故选D项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Awards & Rules部分的“second-place winners receive $500(第二名将获得500美元)”和“Young Writers Awards winners reaching the standard will receive $15,000 every year, for a total of $60,000(达到标准的青年作家奖获奖者每年将获得1.5万美元，总共6万美元)”可知，二等奖获得者会得到500美元的奖励，在申请并被本宁顿学院录取后会获得60000美元的奖学金，故一共会获得60500美元。故选D项。
B
When she worked in banking, Irini Tzortzoglou’s idea of cooking was to pick up a ready meal from Marks &Spencer on her way home, and put it in the oven (烤箱). But now, since winning the BBC cooking competition Master Chef at the age of 60, with menus inspired by her Greek heritage (遗产), food has become her life and new career.
She had not been overly interested in cooking, though as a child, food was an important part of her life. Tzortzoglou, 64, was born in Greece, where her grandparents’ house was always open, and her grandmother would often be cooking for dozens of people. Tzortzoglou would help out: “I loved the smells. I loved the processes.”
Tzortzoglou felt very bored after retiring. Then one day her husband said, “Why don’t you try Master Chef because you always love watching it.”
She was a reasonably good cook, who loved entertaining and could put together a decent dinner party menu but competing on the show demanded a whole new skill level. “I didn’t want to embarrass myself by leaving in round one, so I trained myself for a year,” she said.
She put in time, effort and money. She went to Athens to see what was happening with Greek food today. She ate at Michelin-star restaurants to see what Greek Master Chef and the young chefs were doing. And then she started practicing. She also started physical training because she could see how tough it was to run around the kitchen while filming, or stand for hours.
Since her win, Tzortzoglou has become immersed in (沉浸于) Greek food, and has written a cookery book, Under the Olive Tree. “I don’t have free time, but I love it,” she said. “I feel like a child let loose in a sweet shop.”
4. What was Tzortzoglou like as a child?
A. She liked watching BBC programs. B. She studied hard to become a banker.
C She showed some interest in cooking. D. She had to cook for the whole family.
5. Why did Tzortzoglou take part in Master Chef?
A. To pursue a new career. B. To experience a decent party.
C. To have a full life. D. To preserve the heritage of her homeland.
6. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Tzortzoglou’s love for Greek food. B. Tzortzoglou’s effort to win the competition.
C. Tzortzoglou’s desire to go back to Athens. D. Tzortzoglou’s performance at the competition.
7. Which of the following best describes Tzortzoglou?
A. Confident and outgoing. B. Literary and childlike.
C. Generous and creative. D. Active and inspiring.
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了Tzortzoglou从银行退休后参加烹饪比赛并获奖，现在美食已经成为她的生活和新职业。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二自然段“Tzortzoglou, 64, was born in Greece, where her grandparents’ house was always open, and her grandmother would often be cooking for dozens of people. Tzortzoglou would help out: “I loved the smells. I loved the processes.” (64岁的Tzortzoglou出生在希腊，她祖父母的房子总是开放的，她的祖母经常为几十个人做饭。Tzortzoglou会帮忙：“我喜欢这些气味。我喜欢这些过程。”)”可知，Tzortzoglou小时候对烹饪表现出了一定的兴趣。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三自然段“Tzortzoglou felt very bored after retiring. Then one day her husband said, “Why don’t you try Master Chef because you always love watching it.”(Tzortzoglou退休后感到非常无聊。然后有一天，她的丈夫说：“你为什么不试试《主厨大师》，因为你总是喜欢看。”)”可知，因为无聊的退休生活，Tzortzoglou参加《主厨大师》比赛。所以，她参加比赛是为了充实生活。故选C。
6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五自然段“She put in time, effort and money. She went to Athens to see what was happening with Greek food today. She ate at Michelin-star restaurants to see what Greek Master Chef and the young chefs were doing. And then she started practicing. She also started physical training because she could see how tough it was to run around the kitchen while filming, or stand for hours. (她投入了时间、精力和金钱。她去了雅典，想看看今天希腊食物的情况。她在米其林星级餐厅用餐，看看希腊主厨和年轻的厨师们在做什么。然后她开始练习。她还开始了体能训练，因为她可以看到在拍摄时在厨房里跑来跑去，或者站上几个小时是多么困难。)”可知，第5段的主要介绍了Tzortzoglou为赢得比赛所做的努力。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据前文所描述的Tzortzoglou参加烹饪比赛以及最后一段“Since her win, Tzortzoglou has become immersed in (沉浸于) Greek food, and has written a cookery book, Under the Olive Tree. “I don’t have free time, but I love it,” she said. “I feel like a child let loose in a sweet shop.”(自从获胜后，特佐格鲁就沉浸在希腊美食中，并写了一本烹饪书《橄榄树下》。“我没有空闲时间，但我喜欢，”她说。“我感觉自己就像一个在糖果店里被放任自流的孩子。”)”可以看出，64岁的Tzortzoglou积极而又鼓舞人心。故选D。
C
During a job interview, you’re so nervous that it’s hard to think. And afterwards, when someone asks you how it goes, you actually can’t remember. You might feel that you’re losing your memory, but according to Dr Ira Fischler, this “blackout” is probably not a loss of memory at all. It’s more likely that you didn’t even have the memory in the first place.
Fischler is a professor of psychology at the University of Florida. “When memories of specific emotional events appear to be lost, it’s most often because our attention during the event is not on the interaction itself,” he told Global News. Instead, it’s common for a person to be engrossed in how they present themselves or their inner emotional state during the interaction—especially at the stressful moments. This would explain why some people struggle to recall the questions asked during a job interview, for example. They are instead concentrating their attention on how they’re presenting themselves to the employers at that moment.
When we’re in a situation that causes nervousness or anxiety, a “fight or flight” reaction is caused, which sends certain hormones (荷尔蒙) out into the body. “It can cause several side effects, like feeling light-headed and dizzy and affect the way our brain remembers situations that we’ve been in,” said psychologist Laura Bloom. She thinks of the hippocampus (海马结构), a part of the brain responsible for memory, as the brain’s library and each memory as a card with all the information about what happened on it.
“When something stressful happens, the experience of trauma (精神创伤) causes our brain not necessarily to keep all of the details properly,” she said “Therefore, it will be extremely important and beneficial for you to replace the ‘fight or flight’ response with calmer and more peaceful approaches.”
8. What does the first paragraph serve as?
A. A background. B. A comment. C. An explanation. D. An introduction.
9. Which can replace the underlined part “be engrossed in” in Paragraph 2?
A. Work out. B. Focus on. C. Make for. D. Go over.
10. What is the author probably going to discuss next?
A. Tips on dealing with stressful events.
B. Harm of the “fight or flight” response.
C. Things that affect people’s memory.
D. The importance of details to the brain.
11. What is the best title of the text?
A. How Senses Affect Your Memory
B. How Your Body Responds to Stress
C. Why You May Lose Memory Under Stress
D. Why Your Brain Occasionally Fails to Learn
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。当人们处于一种紧张或焦虑的状态时，可能会感到一种暂时性的失忆，但事实是，你可能从一开始就没有这种记忆，文章分析说明了这种状况形成的原因。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“You might feel that you’re losing your memory, but according to Dr Ira Fischler, this “blackout” is probably not a loss of memory at all. It’s more likely that you didn’t even have the memory in the first place.”（你可能会觉得你正在失去记忆，但根据Ira Fischler博士的说法，这种“暂时性的意识丧失”可能根本不是记忆丧失，更有可能的是，你根本就没有这种记忆。）和第二段“When memories of specific emotional events appear to be lost, it’s most often because our attention during the event is not on the interaction itself,”（当特定情感事件的记忆似乎消失时，最常见的原因是我们在事件发生时的注意力不在互动本身，）以及三、四段内容可知，二、三、四段主要在分析说明第一段提出的“blackout”出现的主要原因，所以第一段起到了引出主题的作用。故选D。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段“When memories of specific emotional events appear to be lost, it’s most often because our attention during the event is not on the interaction itself,”（当特定情感事件的记忆似乎消失时，最常见的原因是我们在事件发生时的注意力不在互动本身，）及划线词所在句“Instead, it’s common for a person to be engrossed in how they present themselves or their inner emotional state during the interaction—especially at the stressful moments.”（相反，一个人在互动中专注于自己的表现或内心的情绪状态是很常见的—尤其是在压力大的时候。）可知，人们在事件发生时所专注的不是互动本身，而是自己的表现或情绪状态，所以“be engrossed in”表示“专注于”。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“When something stressful happens, the experience of trauma (精神创伤) causes our brain not necessarily to keep all of the details properly,”（当有压力的事情发生时，创伤的经历会导致我们的大脑不一定能正确地记住所有的细节，）和“Therefore, it will be extremely important and beneficial for you to replace the ‘fight or flight’ response with calmer and more peaceful approaches.”（因此，用更平静、更和平的方法来取代“战斗或逃跑”的反应将是非常重要和有益的。）可知，作者接下来很可能会讨论具体的应对有压力的事情的和平的方法。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段““When memories of specific emotional events appear to be lost, it’s most often because our attention during the event is not on the interaction itself,” he told Global News. Instead, it’s common for a person to be engrossed in how they present themselves or their inner emotional state during the interaction—especially at the stressful moments. ”（他在接受《环球新闻》采访时表示:“当特定情感事件的记忆消失时，最常见的原因是我们在事件发生时的注意力没有放在互动本身上。”相反，一个人在互动中专注于自己的表现或内心的情绪状态是很常见的—尤其是在压力大的时候。）及全文内容可知，本文主要是在分析说明人们在压力大的情况下可能会失去记忆的原因。故选C。
D
The sixth mass extinction is not a worry for the future. It’s happening now，much faster than previously expected，and it's entirely our fault，according to a study puhlished Mooday.
Humans have already wiped out hundreds of species and pushed many more to the brink of extinction through wildlife trade，pollution，habitat loss and the use of toxic substances. The findings published in the scientific Journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences( PNAS)show that the rate at which species are dying out has accelerated in recent decades.
Gerardo Ceballos González，a professor of ecology at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and one of the authors of the study，said approximately 173 species went extinct between 2001 and 2014. “173 species is 25 times more extinct species than you would expect under the normal extinction rate. ”he told CNN in an email. He and his team found that in the past 100 years，more than 400 vertebrate(脊椎动物的)species went extinct. In the normal course of evolution，such extinctions would have taken up to 10，000 years，they said.
Mass extinctions are just as severe as their name suggests. There have been five mass extinction events in the Earth’s history，each wiping out between 70％and 95％of the species of plants，animals and microorganisms. The most recent，66 million years ago，saw dinosaurs disappear. The past events were caused by catastrophic changes of the environment，including massive volcanic eruptions or collision with an asteroid.
The sixth mass extinction the one happening now—is different：scientists say it’s caused by humans. The researchers also said the current coronavirus(冠状病毒)crisis shows people’s recklessness(鲁莽)towards nature can seriously hurt themselves. Many endangered species are dying in large numbers due to the trade in wild animals and plants.
12. What does the underlined word“toxic”in Para. 2 mean?
A. Poisonous B. Useful
C. Alternative D. Environment-friendly
13. How does the writer convince readers of the seriousness of the mass extinctions?
A. By listing reliable statistics.
B. By imagining a picture of the extinctions.
C. By mentioning some news from CNN.
D. By explaining the history of the extinctions.
14. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A. To tell the difference between the fifth and sixth extinction.
B. To explain the cause of the coronavirus crisis.
C. To warn humans to get rid of their wrong actions.
D. To show the writer’s concern about the endangered species.
15. What does this article mainly talk about?
A. The changes of the environment do harm to wildlife.
B. The sixth mass extinction is much faster than expected.
C. Mass extinctions are just as severe as their name suggests.
D. The current coronavirus has arisen from the illegal trade.
【答案】12. A 13. A 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了第六次大灭绝正在到来，且比我们想象的来得快。同时文章分析了产生第六次大灭绝的原因，即人类的行为。
【12题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句话，人类已经使数百种物种灭绝，并将更多物种推向灭绝的边缘的方式是通过野生动物贸易、污染、毁掉栖息地和toxic substances的使用。根据句意，此处应表示“有毒物质”的使用。A. Poisonous 有毒的；B. Useful 有用的；C. Alternative 供选择的D. Environment-friendly 环保的。通过分析，故选A项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段Gerardo Ceballos González，a professor of ecology at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and one of the authors of the study，said approximately 173 species went extinct between 2001 and 2014. “173 species is 25 times more extinct species than you would expect under the normal extinction rate. ”he told CNN in an email. He and his team found that in the past 100 years，more than 400 vertebrate species went extinct. In the normal course of evolution，such extinctions would have taken up to 10，000 years，they said（墨西哥国立自治大学的生态学教授、该研究的作者之一Gerardo Ceballos Gonzalez表示，2001年至2014年间，大约有173个物种灭绝。173个物种的灭绝数量是正常灭绝率下的25倍。他在电子邮件中告诉CNN。他和他的团队发现,在过去的100年里,超过400种的脊椎动物物种灭绝。他们说，在正常的进化过程中，这样的灭绝会持续一万年之久）可知，作者通过列出可靠的统计数据，使读者相信大规模灭绝的严重性。故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段The sixth mass extinction the one happening now—is different：Scientists say it’s caused by humans. The researchers also said the current coronavirus crisis shows people’s recklessness towards nature can seriously hurt themselves. Many endangered species are dying in large numbers due to the trade in wild animals and plants（现在正在发生的第六次大灭绝是不同的:科学家说它是由人类引起的。研究人员还表示,目前冠状病毒危机显示了人类对自然的鲁莽会严重伤害自己。由于野生动植物贸易，许多濒危物种正在大量死亡）可知，现在正在进行的第六次大灭绝和人类的错误行为有关。人类的活动导致了许多濒危物种正在大量死亡。最终人类也会伤害到自己。综合分析，最后一段的目的是警告人类去除他们的错误行为。故选C项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段The sixth mass extinction is not a worry for the future. It’s happening now，much faster than previously expected，and it's entirely our fault（第六次大灭绝并不是未来的担忧。它现在发生了，比之前预期的要快得多，完全是我们的错）可知，第六次大灭绝正在到来，而且比我们预期的还要快。再根据文章最后一段可知，第六次大灭绝是由人类造成的，并且最终会危害到人类。综合分析，本篇文章讲述的是由于人类行为导致的第六次大灭绝的到来，且比我们预期来的快。故选B项。
第二节（共5小题，每题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
STEM vs. STEAM
STEM is short for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. The term was coined by Judith Ramaley while a director at National Science Foundation in 2001. Since then, STEM-focused education has been extended to many countries beyond the United States. However, education is a constantly evolving game. ____16____ One of the latest philosophies gaining steam is adding an arts component to the STEM educational focus, thus, creating the STEM vs. STEAM debate.
The believers in STEM education want the focus to remain on the core STEM principles. ____17____ Tasks involving product design encourage students to draw and create. Adding arts will take away from the original intention of focusing on the STEM disciplines.
____18____ They argue that adding arts to STEM is a way to develop strong STEM students who think creatively. Several studies have shown that engaging students’ arts strength increases their motivation when it comes to STEM activities. ____19____ Furthermore, for kids who might be turned off from STEM subjects due to a dislike of numbers, highlighting the artistic component of lessons can reach out and draw them in.
While they seem to be opposed, both sides of this argument may have the right idea. ____20____ Consider the growing field of computer animation, where you must have both artistic abilities and strong technology fields. Also, the most basic of all children’s toys, wooden blocks, are an incredible example of STEAM exploration. They bring design, geometry, and engineering concepts to our youngest learners, setting them up for a lifetime of creative thinking.
A. The STEAMers disagree.
B. Actually, science and arts are inseparable.
C. It consistently introduces new theories and practices.
D. Their idea is that there are already enough arts in their approach.
E. Thus, good teachers are always learning to keep pace with updated knowledge.
F. It also improves the probability of success in complicated tasks and challenges.
G. They believe adding art makes the STEM courses accessible to more students.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. A 19. F 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了教育理念STEM与STEAM的不同之处。
【16题详解】
上文“However, education is a constantly evolving game. (然而，教育是一个不断发展的活动)”说明教育是不断发展的，以及下文“One of the latest philosophies gaining STEAM is adding an arts component to the STEM educational focus, thus, creating the STEM vs. STEAM debate. (最新的STEAM理念之一是在STEM教育重点中加入艺术元素，从而引发了STEM与STEAM的争论)”说明教育发展过程中引入一些元素，形成新的理论，C项“它不断引入新的理论和实践。”承上启下，符合题意。故选C。
【17题详解】
上文“The believers in STEM education want the focus to remain on the core STEM principles. (STEM教育的相信者希望将重点放在核心STEM原则上)”以及下文“Adding arts will take away from the original intention of focusing on the STEM disciplines. (增加艺术元素将偏离专注于STEM准则的初衷)”说明STEM教育理念的相信者认为不需要增加艺术元素，D项“他们的想法是，他们的方法中已经有足够的艺术。”说明他们认为不需要添加艺术元素的原因，符合题意。故选D。
【18题详解】
上文“The believers in STEM education want the focus to remain on the core STEM principles. (STEM教育的相信者希望将重点放在核心STEM原则上)”以及下文“They argue that adding arts to STEM is a way to develop strong STEM students who think creatively. (他们认为，在STEM中加入艺术是培养具有创造性思维的强大STEM学生的一种方式)”说明STEAM理念的相信者认为需要加入艺术元素，与STEM的理念不同，A项“STEAM公司不同意。”承上启下，符合题意。故选A。
【19题详解】
上文“Several studies have shown that engaging students’ arts strength increases their motivation when it comes to STEM activities. (几项研究表明，谈及STEM活动时，调动学生的艺术力量可以提高他们的动机)”说明调动学生艺术力量的益处，F项中It指代上文中的engaging students’ arts strength，F项“它还能提高在复杂任务和挑战中成功的概率。”进一步说明调动学生艺术力量的益处，符合题意。故选F。
【20题详解】
下文“Consider the growing field of computer animation, where you must have both artistic abilities and strong technology fields.(考虑到电脑动画这个不断发展的领域，你必须同时具备艺术能力和强大的技术领域)”说明技术和艺术不可分割，B项“事实上，科学和艺术是不可分割的。”引出下文，符合题意。故选B。
第三部分：英语知识运用
完形填空（共15小题：每题1分，满分15分）
What is a true winner? We may be very ____21____ Honda.
In 1938, Soichiro Honda was still in school, when he started a little workshop. His ____22____ was to sell piston rings to Toyota. He ____23____ night and day, believing he could ____24____ his design and produce a worthy ____25____. Then came the day he took a sample (样本) to Toyota, only to be ____26____ that the rings did not ____27____ their standards!
However, he refused to give up. Rather than focus on his ____28____ he continued working towards his goal. After two more years of ____29____, he won a contract (合同) with Toyota. By then, Soichiro Honda needed to build a factory to supply Toyota, but building materials were in short supply.
Again he would not quit! He invented a ____30____ process that enabled him to build the factory. But ____31____ an earthquake destroyed the factory. Was he ____32____ to give up now? No! Soichiro Honda wrote to 18,000 bicycle shop owners and asked them to help him, 5,000 responded and ____33____ him some money. Finally, the company got great ____34____.
Honda succeeded because one man made a truly committed decision, ____35____ it and made adjustments on a continuous basis.
21. A. aware of B. familiar with C. disappointed at D. grateful to
22. A. method B. concept C. option D. intention
23. A. labored B. begged C. slept D. thought
24. A. obtain B. admire C. perfect D. acknowledge
25. A. conclusion B. material C. analysis D. product
26. A. reminded B. expected C. told D. warned
27. A. apply B. improve C. update D. meet
28. A. theory B. failure C. device D. fame
29. A. silences B. explanations C. struggles D. services
30. A. previous B. special C. responsible D. complicated
31. A. unfortunately B. eventually C. regularly D. definitely
32. A. unwilling B. careful C. delighted D. ready
33. A. charged B. advanced C. awarded D. owed
34. A. advice B. experience C. success D. discount
35. A. dreamed of B. got into C. reflected upon D. acted on
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要通过讲述本田成功的故事，来说明什么才是真正的赢家。
【21题详解】
考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我们可能很熟悉本田。A. aware of 意识到、知道；B. familiar with 熟悉；C. disappointed at 对……失望；D. grateful to 对……感谢。根据第二段“His 2 was to sell piston rings to Toyota.”（他的意图是把活塞环卖给丰田。）及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了本田品牌的创始人成功的故事，而“Honda”即“本田”又是家喻户晓的一个汽车品牌，所以作者认为人们可能很熟悉本田这一品牌。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的意图是把活塞环卖给丰田。A. method 方法；B. concept 概念；C. option 选择；D. intention 目的、意图。根据第二段“Then came the day he took a sample (样本) to Toyota, only to be 6 that the rings did not 7 their standards!”（然后有一天，他带着样品去了丰田，却被告知活塞环不符合他们的标准！）可知，本田带着活塞环的样本去丰田公司，说明他是打算将产品卖给丰田。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他夜以继日地工作，相信他能完善自己的设计，生产出一件有价值的产品。A. labored 劳动、工作；B. begged 乞讨、乞求；C. slept 睡觉；D. thought 思考。根据上一句“In 1938, Soichiro Honda was still in school, when he started a little workshop. ”（1938年，本田宗一郎还在上学，当时他开了一个小的工作间。）和“His intention was to sell piston rings to Toyota.”（他的意图是把活塞环卖给丰田。）和句中“believing he could 4 his design and produce a worthy 5 ”可知，本田当时刚开了一个小工作室，要想完善设计、生产出有价值的产品，卖给大公司丰田，就需要全力以赴、夜以继日地工作。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他夜以继日地工作，相信他能完善自己的设计，生产出一件有价值的产品。A. obtain 获得；B. admire 羡慕、钦佩；C. perfect 完善、使完美；D. acknowledge 承认。根据第2小题“His intention was to sell piston rings to Toyota.”和本句中“produce a worthy product”可知，本田要想生产出有价值的产品，卖给大公司丰田，就必须要完善自己的产品设计，力求完美。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他夜以继日地工作，相信他能完善自己的设计，生产出一件有价值的产品。A. conclusion 结论；B. material 材料；C. analysis 分析；D. product 产品。根据前文“His intention was to sell piston rings to Toyota.”和下一句“Then came the day he took a sample (样本) to Toyota, only to be 6 that the rings did not 7 their standards!”（然后有一天，他带着样品去了丰田，却被告知活塞环不符合他们的标准！）可知，本田想要将活塞环卖给丰田，而活塞环是他工作室生产的产品，所以他力求生产出有价值的产品。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后有一天，他带着样品去了丰田，却被告知活塞环不符合他们的标准！A. reminded 提醒；B. expected 期待、期盼；C. told 告诉；D. warned 警告。根据句中“Then came the day he took a sample (样本) to Toyota, ”可知，本田带着活塞环的样本去丰田公司，希望能卖给丰田；结合“that the rings did not 7 their standards!”可知，产品不符合要求，应该是由丰田公司检验后告知的。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后有一天，他带着样品去了丰田，却被告知活塞环不符合他们的标准！A. apply 申请、应用；B. improve 提高、改善；C. update 更新；D. meet 见面、满足、符合。根据第三段“However, he refused to give up. ”（然而，他没有放弃。）可知，丰田公司并未认可本田的活塞环样本，说明他的产品不符合丰田公司的标准。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有专注于他的失败，他继续朝着他的目标努力。A. theory 理论；B. failure 失败；C. device 设备；D. fame 名誉、声望。根据前文“Then came the day he took a sample (样本) to Toyota, only to be told that the rings did not meet their standards!”和上一句“However, he refused to give up. ”（然而，他没有放弃。）可知，本田未能将活塞环卖给丰田，他失败了。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过两年多的奋斗，他赢得了丰田公司的合同。A. silences 沉默；B. explanations 解释；C. struggles 奋斗；D. services 服务。根据上一句“Rather than focus on his failure he continued working towards his goal.”（没有专注于他的失败，他继续朝着他的目标努力。）和本句中“he won a contract (合同) with Toyota.”可知，在随后的两年多时间，他没有放弃努力，而是不断地奋斗，最终取得了同丰田公司合作的资格。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他发明了一种特殊的方法，使他能够建造工厂。A. previous 以前的；B. special特殊的； C. responsible 负责的；D. complicated 复杂的。根据第三段“By then, Soichiro Honda needed to build a factory to supply Toyota, but building materials were in short supply.”（当时，本田宗一郎需要建一座工厂，为丰田供货，但建筑材料短缺。）和第四段“Again he would not quit!”（他再一次不肯放弃！）可知，本田缺少建工厂的材料，但他不放弃，另辟他径；由句中“invented”和“that enabled him to build the factory.”可知，他有了新的发明，解决了材料短缺的困境，得以建成工厂，应该是比较特殊的一种建造方式。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但不幸的是，一场地震摧毁了工厂。A. unfortunately 不幸地；B. eventually 最终；C. regularly 有规律地；D. definitely 肯定地。根据上一句“He invented a special process that enabled him to build the factory.”（他发明了一种特殊的方法，使他能够建造工厂。）可知，本田克服了困难，建造了工厂；结合本句的转折词“But”和“an earthquake destroyed the factory. ”可知，地震摧毁了工厂，这对他来说是非常不幸的。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他现在准备放弃了吗？A. unwilling 不愿意；B. careful 仔细的；C. delighted 高兴的；D. ready 准备好的。根据下文的“Soichiro Honda wrote to 18,000 bicycle shop owners and asked them to help him,”（本田写信给1.8万名自行车店主，请求他们帮助他）可知，本田并没有放弃努力，他开始寻求帮助；结合下一句的回答“No!”可知，本句是提出“他现在准备放弃了吗？”的问题。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：本田写信给1.8万名自行车店主，请求他们帮助他，5000人回复了他，并预支了一些钱。A. charged 收费、要价；B. advanced 发展、预付；C. awarded 授予、颁发；D. owed 欠、欠钱。根据第11小题“But unfortunately an earthquake destroyed the factory.”可知，地震摧毁了本田的工厂，使他处于困境；根据本句中“Soichiro Honda wrote to 18,000 bicycle shop owners and asked them to help him,”可知，本田向1.8万名自行车店主写信求助，是希望得到他们在经济上的帮助，所以有5000名店主回复了他，应该是愿意提供金钱方面的帮助，提前支付他一些钱，帮助他度过难关。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，公司获得了巨大的成功。A. advice 建议；B. experience 经验、经历；C. success 成功；D. discount 折扣。根据第13小题“Soichiro Honda wrote to 18,000 bicycle shop owners and asked them to help him, 5,000 responded and advanced him some money.”可知，本田得到了资金帮助；结合最后一段中的“Honda succeeded because...”可知，本田最终获得了成功。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：本田的成功是因为一个人做出了一个真正坚定的决定，并按照这个决定行事，并在持续的基础上做出了调整。A. dreamed of 梦想；B. got into 进入；C. reflected upon 反思、回顾；D. acted on 按照……行事。根据第三段的“However, he refused to give up. Rather than focus on his failure, he continued working towards his goal. ”（然而，他没有放弃他并没有专注于他的失败，而是继续朝着他的目标努力。）、第四段“Was he ready to give up now? No! ”（他现在准备放弃了吗？不！）和全文内容可知，本田在做出决定后，就一直坚定不移地按照这个决定和目标努力，从未放弃。故选D。
第II卷（非选择题，共55分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s first overpass for wildlife migration has already come into use. Lying over the ____36____ (new) constructed National Highway 216, the bridge is able to link animal habitats ____37____ (separate) by the road.
The national highway ____38____ (design) with the environmental protection as a top priority. Based on years of ____39____ (science) observation of wildlife migration in the region, the bridge was built with the purpose of reducing the highway’s effect ____40____ the animals. The wildlife overpasses and underpasses let animals ____41____ (cross) over or under busy roadways safely and allow them to use ____42____ (they)customary paths, which would otherwise be blocked. Those passageways, with ____43____ total length of 59 kilometers, enable antelopes and other animals to go across the railway freely.
So far, China ____44____ (put) great effort into achieving harmonious coexistence between human development and the protection of wildlife. The Qinghai—Tibet Railway, ____45____ is the world’s highest railroad, has 33 underpasses for the migrating animals.
【答案】36. newly
37. separated
38. was designed
39. scientific
40. on 41. cross
42. their 43. a
44. has put
45. which
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国首座野生动物迁徙立交桥投入使用。该桥连接了被国道分离开的野生动物栖息地。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：这座桥位于新建成的216国道上，能够连接被公路隔开的动物栖息地。分析句式结构可知，修饰过去分词constructed应该用副词，所以空格处应该用提示词的副词形式。故填newly。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句式结构再根据空格后的by可知，此处用过去分词separated作后置定语，表示“被隔开”符合语境。故填separated。
【38题详解】
考查被动时态语态。句意：国道的设计以环境保护为重中之重。分析句意可知，本金描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，design和主语之间是被动关系，所以本句应该用被动语态，故填was designed。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：基于对该地区野生动物迁徙的多年科学观察，这座桥的建造目的是减少高速公路对动物的影响。故填scientific。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：同上。分析句意再根据空格前的effect可知，此处用介词on与effect构成固定搭配，表示“对……的影响”符合语境。故填on。
【41题详解】
考查动词。句意：野生动物立交桥和地下通道让动物可以安全地穿过繁忙的道路，并允许它们使用自己习惯的路径，否则这些路径会被堵塞。分析句意再根据空格前的使役动词let可知，此处应该用省略to的动词不定式做宾补，故填cross。
【42题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处应该用形容词性物主代词修饰空格后的名词paths。故填their。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这些通道全长59公里，使羚羊和其他动物可以自由穿越铁路。分析句意再根据空格后的total和of可知，此处用不定冠词a构成固定搭配a total of表示“总数为……”符合语境。故填a。
【44题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：迄今为止，中国致力于实现人类发展与野生动物保护的和谐共存。根据句首的时间状语So far可知，本句的时态应该用现在完成时，又因为主语China是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式。故填has put。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：青藏铁路是世界上海拔最高的铁路，为迁徙的动物修建了33条地下通道。分析句式结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是物，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which来引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
第二节：写作（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你校英文报刊本期讨论的话题是如何有效利用时间。请以“How to Manage Our Time Wisely”为题，撰写一篇短文投稿。主要内容包括：
1.时间的重要性；
2.如何有效利用时间。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】How to Manage Our Time Wisely
Time is the most precious gift for every human being. Therefore, we must manage it wisely. However, time management does not come naturally, and it needs learning and practising.
Firstly, having a schedule is of great importance. Living with a schedule will help us spread out lives in days, months and years. Additionally, spend the time between study and life in a balanced way. Study should go first for us but time for interesting activities like sports will do good to us to keep moving. Finally, being disciplined is the base of the time management, without which all would be in vain.
In short, all of us should make use of our time effectively because every minute counts.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“How to Manage Our Time Wisely”为题，撰写一篇短文向校英文报投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
需要：need→require/call for
很重要：be of great importance→be very important
此外：additionally→in addition
简而言之：in short→in a word
2.句式拓展
用as引导的原因状语从句合并句子
原句：Time is the most precious gift for every human being. Therefore, we must manage it wisely.
拓展句：As time is the most precious gift for every human being, we must manage it wisely.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Finally, being disciplined is the base of the time management, without which all would be in vain.（运用了“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】In short, all of us should make use of our time effectively because every minute counts.（运用了because引导原因状语从句）
第三节：写作（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
‘Usual boring day!’ This would be the answer from Roman if somebody asked him how his day was. These days he found everything boring, nothing excited him.
One day he was lying in his room as usual. Suddenly light went off. His room was rather hot without an air conditioner. Though he did not want to leave his room, he had to. Unwillingly, he left his room and came to living room. Living room was slightly cool as it had two huge windows.
His young brother was playing with his friend. They were rolling on the floor. He was looking out for the TV remote, but couldn't find. He got up and searched it everywhere, but remote was nowhere. He looked at his brother who was still lying on the floor playing.
He asked him, “Where is the remote?”
“Under the Sofa,” his brother yelled.
He tried to look through, but it was dark. He put his hand under the sofa. He touched something, grabbed it and took his hand out. OMG! It was a snake in his hand!
After seeing that his brother started to yell, “ Snake, snake!” Mom came as soon as she heard their shouting. She too was horrified to see a snake. She was so scared that she even couldn’t speak a word. Two kids were trying to hide into each other’s back. “What an old trick!” Roman thought and threw it over kids.
As the snake landed on the floor near to the kids, it started moving from left side to the right. Only then did Roman realize that the snake was real, not a toy. He threw the snake over kids because he thought it was a fake snake and kids were playing some tricks.
This time mom almost got heart attack. Now he was scared too. The snake was only 10 meters away from kids and was staring at kids. They even couldn’t call a rescue team. There might be some deadly damage before their arrival. There was not much time to think. It was the time for a quick action.
Paragraph 1:
As Roman was farther from the snake, he jumped to the window and grabbed the curtain.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
After the rescue team caught and took the snake away, everyone went inside the home.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Possible version 1:
As Roman was farther from the snake, he jumped to the window and grabbed the curtain. He pulled it so hard that curtain ended up landing in his hand. Then without waiting a second, he threw the curtain over the snake. When the snake came under the curtain, he grabbed two kids by their hands and brought them out of the room. He again went inside and took his mother to the front yard. Mom was shaking like a leaf and kids were sweating hard. Later, he called the rescue team from his cell phone.
After the rescue team caught and took the snake away, everyone went inside the home. Roman went back to his room and tried to sleep, but couldn't, so he went upstairs to living room where he found his brother was watching cartoon. He sat next to his brother and his cell phone beeped. It was another text from his friend asking how his day was. Roman slowly typed: “Jaw-breaking day”. Then he kept his mobile aside and dragged his brother's head to his chest and started to play with his hair gently. Then he whispered something in his ear which sounds something like “Sorry”.
Possible version 2:
As Roman was farther from the snake, he jumped to the window and grabbed the curtain. He pulled it so hard that curtain was torn off immediately. Without hesitation, he threw the curtain at the moving snake and covered it. Then he grabbed two extremely-frightened kids by their arms and pushed them out of room. The moment the kids went out, they started screaming. Roman went inside the room again and brought his mom out, who was standing still, frozen with fear. Later, he called the rescue team.
After the rescue team caught and took the snake away everyone went inside the home. Everything returned to normal except that the two kids were still scared. Roman felt guilty and even angry with himself. How could he have thrown the snake to two kids. But for the quick action, it would have hurt them! He went up to the kids, patting them on the head, and said carefully, “I’m so sorry. I mistook it for a fake one. Well….” After a short pause, he said in an excited voice, “Shall we play some game together now?” The kids burst into a smile. “What a thrilling day!” Roman texted his friend later that day.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇读后续写。读后续写一般要求学生阅读一篇记叙文，然后发挥想象，运用自己所学英语知识去续写一篇中心思想跟全文一致、合乎情理的记叙文。本文的中心思想是：一天，罗曼感到很无聊，来到客厅里乘凉，他的弟弟和朋友玩，罗曼错把一条蛇当做遥控器扔向了孩子们，罗曼必须采取措施把蛇弄走。
【详解】1. 段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“当罗曼离蛇更远时，他跳到窗前，抓住窗帘。”可知，第一段可描写罗曼想把蛇丢出窗外的想法以及是否成功。
②由第二段首句内容“在救援队抓住并带走蛇后，所有人都进了房子。”可知，第二段可描写救援队的人走了之后，罗曼在家做了什么以及他的心情变化。
2. 续写线索：跳到窗前——想扔蛇——是否成功——救援队——感悟
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①拉：pull/drag
②扔：throw/throw away/throw over
③发抖：shake/tremble
情感类
①困难的、累的：jaw-breaking/exhausting/difficult
②激动的：excited/thrilled/exhortative
【点睛】【高分句型1】When the snake came under the curtain, he grabbed two kids by their hands and brought them out of the room.（使用了when引导时间状语从句）
【高分句型2】Roman went back to his room and tried to sleep, but couldn’t, so he went upstairs to living room where he found his brother was watching cartoon.（使用了where引导定语从句）
听力：1-5BACCC 6-10AABCC 11-15BABCA 16-20BACCA
哈九中2021级高二学年下学期期中考试
英语学科试卷
第一部分：听力测试（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman think of the lecture?
A. Popular. B. Boring. C. Interesting.
2. What are the speakers going to do?
A. Watch a football match. B. Go out for a walk. C. Watch TV at home.
3 What can we learn about the man from the conversation?
A. He enjoys using e-mails.
B. He often receives letters from his friends.
C. He never writes letters to his friends.
4. Where did the woman stay while she was in Brighton?
A. She stayed in her friend’s house.
B. She stayed in a hotel with her friends.
C. She camped near the mountains.
5. What does the man mean?
A. His mother likes the pie very much.
B. This pie can match his mother’s.
C. This apple pie tastes very good.
第二节（共15小题；小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6至7题。
6. Where will the woman go?
A. The department store. B. The stamp market. C. The drugstore.
7. When will the speakers meet?
A. An hour and a half later. B. An hour later. C. Half an hour later.
听下面一段对话，回答第8至9题。
8. What do cats like to do?
A. Take a walk with the owner.
B. Walk alone.
C. Have a big meal every day.
9. How many reasons make cats the best pets?
A. Four. B. Three. C. Two.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至12题。
10 What is the woman?
A. A famous sports star. B. A famous teacher. C. A famous pop star.
11. Why doesn’t the woman want to go back to her mother school?
A. She hates all the teachers there.
B. She was not a good student at that time.
C. She is busy working.
12. What does the woman decide to do finally?
A. Go back to her mother school.
B. Write a letter to her friends.
C. Not to go back to her mother school.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至16题。
13. When was the new television sent to the man?
A. Today. B. Yesterday. C. Last week.
14. Why did the man get a new TV?
A. The TV is on sale. B. He loves the big TV. C. His old TV does not work.
15. How much does the man pay for the new TV?
A. $1,200. B. $1,250. C. $2,100.
16. What will the man probably do after the conversation?
A. He will be eager to watch TV.
B. He will return the television to the store.
C. He will look for a cheaper television.
听下面一段对话，回答第17至20题。
17. Where does the man do most of his work?
A. In planes. B. In the office. C. At the airport.
18. What does the man do at the beginning of each workday?
A. Talk to air hostesses.
B. Check the air hostesses’ work.
C. Get flight information.
19. What is the man’s favorite part of the job?
A. Speaking with some air hostesses.
B. Doing office work.
C. Checking how hostesses work on planes.
20. What does the man want to do?
A. Stay in the same job. B. Earn more money. C. Stop travelling.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题：每题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Young Writers Awards
About the Contest
Bennington College has a unique literary tradition. We’ve had twelve Pulitzer Prize winners, three US poet laureates, four MacArthur Geniuses, and two of Time magazine’s 100 most influential people. In celebration of this, Bennington launched the Young Writers Awards to promote excellence in writing at the high school level. Students are invited to enter with the following work:
•Poetry: A group of three poems
•Fiction: A short story (1,500 words or fewer) or one-act play
•Nonfiction: A personal or academic essay (1,500 words or fewer)
A first-, second-, and third-place winner is selected in each category. We welcome participation of both US and international students.
Awards & Rules
First-place winners in each category are awarded a prize of $1,000; second-place winners receive $500; third-place winners receive $250.
•No charge for entrance. Fees for accidents caused by participants are required.
•All entries must be original work reviewed, approved and guided by a teacher. We will use your teacher as a contact for the competition should we have any questions. For homeschooled students, please contact one to assist in your writing even if you have experience in such competitions.
Young Writers Awards finalists and winners are also qualified for undergraduate scholarships at Bennington. Young Writers Awards finalists who apply and gain admission to Bennington will receive a $10,000 scholarship every year for four years, for a total of $40,000. Young Writers Awards winners reaching the standard will receive $15,000 every year, for a total of $60,000.
1. What can be learned about the Young Writers Awards?
A. It rewards three winners at last.
B. It’s a tradition of Bennington College.
C. It accepts participants worldwide.
D. It offers scholarships to undergraduates.
2. What are the participants asked to do?
A. Hand in a personal essay. B. Have related writing experience.
C. Pay an entry fee on time. D. Find a teacher to help with the entry.
3. How much will the second-place winner to be admitted into Bennington gain in total?
A. $10,500. B. $15,500.
C. $40,500. D. $60,500.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了本宁顿学院举办的一项面向全球各地的高中生的写作比赛。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据About the Contest部分最后一句“We welcome participation of both US and international students.(我们欢迎美国学生和国际学生的参与。)”可知，该比赛欢迎所有美国和国际学生。由此可推知，Young Writers Awards接受世界各地的参赛者。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Awards & Rules部分的“All entries must be original work reviewed, approved and guided by a teacher.(所有参赛作品必须是由老师审阅、批准和指导的原创作品。)”和“please contact one to assist in your writing even if you have experience in such competitions(即使你有参加这类比赛的经验，也请联系一个协助你写作的人)”可知，参赛者需要找到一位老师指导自己的参赛作品。故选D项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Awards & Rules部分的“second-place winners receive $500(第二名将获得500美元)”和“Young Writers Awards winners reaching the standard will receive $15,000 every year, for a total of $60,000(达到标准的青年作家奖获奖者每年将获得1.5万美元，总共6万美元)”可知，二等奖获得者会得到500美元的奖励，在申请并被本宁顿学院录取后会获得60000美元的奖学金，故一共会获得60500美元。故选D项。
B
When she worked in banking, Irini Tzortzoglou’s idea of cooking was to pick up a ready meal from Marks &Spencer on her way home, and put it in the oven (烤箱). But now, since winning the BBC cooking competition Master Chef at the age of 60, with menus inspired by her Greek heritage (遗产), food has become her life and new career.
She had not been overly interested in cooking, though as a child, food was an important part of her life. Tzortzoglou, 64, was born in Greece, where her grandparents’ house was always open, and her grandmother would often be cooking for dozens of people. Tzortzoglou would help out: “I loved the smells. I loved the processes.”
Tzortzoglou felt very bored after retiring. Then one day her husband said, “Why don’t you try Master Chef because you always love watching it.”
She was a reasonably good cook, who loved entertaining and could put together a decent dinner party menu but competing on the show demanded a whole new skill level. “I didn’t want to embarrass myself by leaving in round one, so I trained myself for a year,” she said.
She put in time, effort and money. She went to Athens to see what was happening with Greek food today. She ate at Michelin-star restaurants to see what Greek Master Chef and the young chefs were doing. And then she started practicing. She also started physical training because she could see how tough it was to run around the kitchen while filming, or stand for hours.
Since her win, Tzortzoglou has become immersed in (沉浸于) Greek food, and has written a cookery book, Under the Olive Tree. “I don’t have free time, but I love it,” she said. “I feel like a child let loose in a sweet shop.”
4. What was Tzortzoglou like as a child?
A. She liked watching BBC programs. B. She studied hard to become a banker.
C She showed some interest in cooking. D. She had to cook for the whole family.
5. Why did Tzortzoglou take part in Master Chef?
A. To pursue a new career. B. To experience a decent party.
C. To have a full life. D. To preserve the heritage of her homeland.
6. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Tzortzoglou’s love for Greek food. B. Tzortzoglou’s effort to win the competition.
C. Tzortzoglou’s desire to go back to Athens. D. Tzortzoglou’s performance at the competition.
7. Which of the following best describes Tzortzoglou?
A. Confident and outgoing. B. Literary and childlike.
C. Generous and creative. D. Active and inspiring.
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了Tzortzoglou从银行退休后参加烹饪比赛并获奖，现在美食已经成为她的生活和新职业。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二自然段“Tzortzoglou, 64, was born in Greece, where her grandparents’ house was always open, and her grandmother would often be cooking for dozens of people. Tzortzoglou would help out: “I loved the smells. I loved the processes.” (64岁的Tzortzoglou出生在希腊，她祖父母的房子总是开放的，她的祖母经常为几十个人做饭。Tzortzoglou会帮忙：“我喜欢这些气味。我喜欢这些过程。”)”可知，Tzortzoglou小时候对烹饪表现出了一定的兴趣。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三自然段“Tzortzoglou felt very bored after retiring. Then one day her husband said, “Why don’t you try Master Chef because you always love watching it.”(Tzortzoglou退休后感到非常无聊。然后有一天，她的丈夫说：“你为什么不试试《主厨大师》，因为你总是喜欢看。”)”可知，因为无聊的退休生活，Tzortzoglou参加《主厨大师》比赛。所以，她参加比赛是为了充实生活。故选C。
6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五自然段“She put in time, effort and money. She went to Athens to see what was happening with Greek food today. She ate at Michelin-star restaurants to see what Greek Master Chef and the young chefs were doing. And then she started practicing. She also started physical training because she could see how tough it was to run around the kitchen while filming, or stand for hours. (她投入了时间、精力和金钱。她去了雅典，想看看今天希腊食物的情况。她在米其林星级餐厅用餐，看看希腊主厨和年轻的厨师们在做什么。然后她开始练习。她还开始了体能训练，因为她可以看到在拍摄时在厨房里跑来跑去，或者站上几个小时是多么困难。)”可知，第5段的主要介绍了Tzortzoglou为赢得比赛所做的努力。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据前文所描述的Tzortzoglou参加烹饪比赛以及最后一段“Since her win, Tzortzoglou has become immersed in (沉浸于) Greek food, and has written a cookery book, Under the Olive Tree. “I don’t have free time, but I love it,” she said. “I feel like a child let loose in a sweet shop.”(自从获胜后，特佐格鲁就沉浸在希腊美食中，并写了一本烹饪书《橄榄树下》。“我没有空闲时间，但我喜欢，”她说。“我感觉自己就像一个在糖果店里被放任自流的孩子。”)”可以看出，64岁的Tzortzoglou积极而又鼓舞人心。故选D。
C
During a job interview, you’re so nervous that it’s hard to think. And afterwards, when someone asks you how it goes, you actually can’t remember. You might feel that you’re losing your memory, but according to Dr Ira Fischler, this “blackout” is probably not a loss of memory at all. It’s more likely that you didn’t even have the memory in the first place.
Fischler is a professor of psychology at the University of Florida. “When memories of specific emotional events appear to be lost, it’s most often because our attention during the event is not on the interaction itself,” he told Global News. Instead, it’s common for a person to be engrossed in how they present themselves or their inner emotional state during the interaction—especially at the stressful moments. This would explain why some people struggle to recall the questions asked during a job interview, for example. They are instead concentrating their attention on how they’re presenting themselves to the employers at that moment.
When we’re in a situation that causes nervousness or anxiety, a “fight or flight” reaction is caused, which sends certain hormones (荷尔蒙) out into the body. “It can cause several side effects, like feeling light-headed and dizzy and affect the way our brain remembers situations that we’ve been in,” said psychologist Laura Bloom. She thinks of the hippocampus (海马结构), a part of the brain responsible for memory, as the brain’s library and each memory as a card with all the information about what happened on it.
“When something stressful happens, the experience of trauma (精神创伤) causes our brain not necessarily to keep all of the details properly,” she said “Therefore, it will be extremely important and beneficial for you to replace the ‘fight or flight’ response with calmer and more peaceful approaches.”
8. What does the first paragraph serve as?
A. A background. B. A comment. C. An explanation. D. An introduction.
9. Which can replace the underlined part “be engrossed in” in Paragraph 2?
A. Work out. B. Focus on. C. Make for. D. Go over.
10. What is the author probably going to discuss next?
A. Tips on dealing with stressful events.
B. Harm of the “fight or flight” response.
C. Things that affect people’s memory.
D. The importance of details to the brain.
11. What is the best title of the text?
A. How Senses Affect Your Memory
B. How Your Body Responds to Stress
C. Why You May Lose Memory Under Stress
D. Why Your Brain Occasionally Fails to Learn
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。当人们处于一种紧张或焦虑的状态时，可能会感到一种暂时性的失忆，但事实是，你可能从一开始就没有这种记忆，文章分析说明了这种状况形成的原因。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“You might feel that you’re losing your memory, but according to Dr Ira Fischler, this “blackout” is probably not a loss of memory at all. It’s more likely that you didn’t even have the memory in the first place.”（你可能会觉得你正在失去记忆，但根据Ira Fischler博士的说法，这种“暂时性的意识丧失”可能根本不是记忆丧失，更有可能的是，你根本就没有这种记忆。）和第二段“When memories of specific emotional events appear to be lost, it’s most often because our attention during the event is not on the interaction itself,”（当特定情感事件的记忆似乎消失时，最常见的原因是我们在事件发生时的注意力不在互动本身，）以及三、四段内容可知，二、三、四段主要在分析说明第一段提出的“blackout”出现的主要原因，所以第一段起到了引出主题的作用。故选D。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段“When memories of specific emotional events appear to be lost, it’s most often because our attention during the event is not on the interaction itself,”（当特定情感事件的记忆似乎消失时，最常见的原因是我们在事件发生时的注意力不在互动本身，）及划线词所在句“Instead, it’s common for a person to be engrossed in how they present themselves or their inner emotional state during the interaction—especially at the stressful moments.”（相反，一个人在互动中专注于自己的表现或内心的情绪状态是很常见的—尤其是在压力大的时候。）可知，人们在事件发生时所专注的不是互动本身，而是自己的表现或情绪状态，所以“be engrossed in”表示“专注于”。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“When something stressful happens, the experience of trauma (精神创伤) causes our brain not necessarily to keep all of the details properly,”（当有压力的事情发生时，创伤的经历会导致我们的大脑不一定能正确地记住所有的细节，）和“Therefore, it will be extremely important and beneficial for you to replace the ‘fight or flight’ response with calmer and more peaceful approaches.”（因此，用更平静、更和平的方法来取代“战斗或逃跑”的反应将是非常重要和有益的。）可知，作者接下来很可能会讨论具体的应对有压力的事情的和平的方法。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段““When memories of specific emotional events appear to be lost, it’s most often because our attention during the event is not on the interaction itself,” he told Global News. Instead, it’s common for a person to be engrossed in how they present themselves or their inner emotional state during the interaction—especially at the stressful moments. ”（他在接受《环球新闻》采访时表示:“当特定情感事件的记忆消失时，最常见的原因是我们在事件发生时的注意力没有放在互动本身上。”相反，一个人在互动中专注于自己的表现或内心的情绪状态是很常见的—尤其是在压力大的时候。）及全文内容可知，本文主要是在分析说明人们在压力大的情况下可能会失去记忆的原因。故选C。
D
The sixth mass extinction is not a worry for the future. It’s happening now，much faster than previously expected，and it's entirely our fault，according to a study puhlished Mooday.
Humans have already wiped out hundreds of species and pushed many more to the brink of extinction through wildlife trade，pollution，habitat loss and the use of toxic substances. The findings published in the scientific Journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences( PNAS)show that the rate at which species are dying out has accelerated in recent decades.
Gerardo Ceballos González，a professor of ecology at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and one of the authors of the study，said approximately 173 species went extinct between 2001 and 2014. “173 species is 25 times more extinct species than you would expect under the normal extinction rate. ”he told CNN in an email. He and his team found that in the past 100 years，more than 400 vertebrate(脊椎动物的)species went extinct. In the normal course of evolution，such extinctions would have taken up to 10，000 years，they said.
Mass extinctions are just as severe as their name suggests. There have been five mass extinction events in the Earth’s history，each wiping out between 70％and 95％of the species of plants，animals and microorganisms. The most recent，66 million years ago，saw dinosaurs disappear. The past events were caused by catastrophic changes of the environment，including massive volcanic eruptions or collision with an asteroid.
The sixth mass extinction the one happening now—is different：scientists say it’s caused by humans. The researchers also said the current coronavirus(冠状病毒)crisis shows people’s recklessness(鲁莽)towards nature can seriously hurt themselves. Many endangered species are dying in large numbers due to the trade in wild animals and plants.
12. What does the underlined word“toxic”in Para. 2 mean?
A. Poisonous B. Useful
C. Alternative D. Environment-friendly
13. How does the writer convince readers of the seriousness of the mass extinctions?
A. By listing reliable statistics.
B. By imagining a picture of the extinctions.
C. By mentioning some news from CNN.
D. By explaining the history of the extinctions.
14. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A. To tell the difference between the fifth and sixth extinction.
B. To explain the cause of the coronavirus crisis.
C. To warn humans to get rid of their wrong actions.
D. To show the writer’s concern about the endangered species.
15. What does this article mainly talk about?
A. The changes of the environment do harm to wildlife.
B. The sixth mass extinction is much faster than expected.
C. Mass extinctions are just as severe as their name suggests.
D. The current coronavirus has arisen from the illegal trade.
【答案】12. A 13. A 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了第六次大灭绝正在到来，且比我们想象的来得快。同时文章分析了产生第六次大灭绝的原因，即人类的行为。
【12题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句话，人类已经使数百种物种灭绝，并将更多物种推向灭绝的边缘的方式是通过野生动物贸易、污染、毁掉栖息地和toxic substances的使用。根据句意，此处应表示“有毒物质”的使用。A. Poisonous 有毒的；B. Useful 有用的；C. Alternative 供选择的D. Environment-friendly 环保的。通过分析，故选A项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段Gerardo Ceballos González，a professor of ecology at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and one of the authors of the study，said approximately 173 species went extinct between 2001 and 2014. “173 species is 25 times more extinct species than you would expect under the normal extinction rate. ”he told CNN in an email. He and his team found that in the past 100 years，more than 400 vertebrate species went extinct. In the normal course of evolution，such extinctions would have taken up to 10，000 years，they said（墨西哥国立自治大学的生态学教授、该研究的作者之一Gerardo Ceballos Gonzalez表示，2001年至2014年间，大约有173个物种灭绝。173个物种的灭绝数量是正常灭绝率下的25倍。他在电子邮件中告诉CNN。他和他的团队发现,在过去的100年里,超过400种的脊椎动物物种灭绝。他们说，在正常的进化过程中，这样的灭绝会持续一万年之久）可知，作者通过列出可靠的统计数据，使读者相信大规模灭绝的严重性。故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段The sixth mass extinction the one happening now—is different：Scientists say it’s caused by humans. The researchers also said the current coronavirus crisis shows people’s recklessness towards nature can seriously hurt themselves. Many endangered species are dying in large numbers due to the trade in wild animals and plants（现在正在发生的第六次大灭绝是不同的:科学家说它是由人类引起的。研究人员还表示,目前冠状病毒危机显示了人类对自然的鲁莽会严重伤害自己。由于野生动植物贸易，许多濒危物种正在大量死亡）可知，现在正在进行的第六次大灭绝和人类的错误行为有关。人类的活动导致了许多濒危物种正在大量死亡。最终人类也会伤害到自己。综合分析，最后一段的目的是警告人类去除他们的错误行为。故选C项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段The sixth mass extinction is not a worry for the future. It’s happening now，much faster than previously expected，and it's entirely our fault（第六次大灭绝并不是未来的担忧。它现在发生了，比之前预期的要快得多，完全是我们的错）可知，第六次大灭绝正在到来，而且比我们预期的还要快。再根据文章最后一段可知，第六次大灭绝是由人类造成的，并且最终会危害到人类。综合分析，本篇文章讲述的是由于人类行为导致的第六次大灭绝的到来，且比我们预期来的快。故选B项。
第二节（共5小题，每题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
STEM vs. STEAM
STEM is short for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. The term was coined by Judith Ramaley while a director at National Science Foundation in 2001. Since then, STEM-focused education has been extended to many countries beyond the United States. However, education is a constantly evolving game. ____16____ One of the latest philosophies gaining steam is adding an arts component to the STEM educational focus, thus, creating the STEM vs. STEAM debate.
The believers in STEM education want the focus to remain on the core STEM principles. ____17____ Tasks involving product design encourage students to draw and create. Adding arts will take away from the original intention of focusing on the STEM disciplines.
____18____ They argue that adding arts to STEM is a way to develop strong STEM students who think creatively. Several studies have shown that engaging students’ arts strength increases their motivation when it comes to STEM activities. ____19____ Furthermore, for kids who might be turned off from STEM subjects due to a dislike of numbers, highlighting the artistic component of lessons can reach out and draw them in.
While they seem to be opposed, both sides of this argument may have the right idea. ____20____ Consider the growing field of computer animation, where you must have both artistic abilities and strong technology fields. Also, the most basic of all children’s toys, wooden blocks, are an incredible example of STEAM exploration. They bring design, geometry, and engineering concepts to our youngest learners, setting them up for a lifetime of creative thinking.
A. The STEAMers disagree.
B. Actually, science and arts are inseparable.
C. It consistently introduces new theories and practices.
D. Their idea is that there are already enough arts in their approach.
E. Thus, good teachers are always learning to keep pace with updated knowledge.
F. It also improves the probability of success in complicated tasks and challenges.
G. They believe adding art makes the STEM courses accessible to more students.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. A 19. F 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了教育理念STEM与STEAM的不同之处。
【16题详解】
上文“However, education is a constantly evolving game. (然而，教育是一个不断发展的活动)”说明教育是不断发展的，以及下文“One of the latest philosophies gaining STEAM is adding an arts component to the STEM educational focus, thus, creating the STEM vs. STEAM debate. (最新的STEAM理念之一是在STEM教育重点中加入艺术元素，从而引发了STEM与STEAM的争论)”说明教育发展过程中引入一些元素，形成新的理论，C项“它不断引入新的理论和实践。”承上启下，符合题意。故选C。
【17题详解】
上文“The believers in STEM education want the focus to remain on the core STEM principles. (STEM教育的相信者希望将重点放在核心STEM原则上)”以及下文“Adding arts will take away from the original intention of focusing on the STEM disciplines. (增加艺术元素将偏离专注于STEM准则的初衷)”说明STEM教育理念的相信者认为不需要增加艺术元素，D项“他们的想法是，他们的方法中已经有足够的艺术。”说明他们认为不需要添加艺术元素的原因，符合题意。故选D。
【18题详解】
上文“The believers in STEM education want the focus to remain on the core STEM principles. (STEM教育的相信者希望将重点放在核心STEM原则上)”以及下文“They argue that adding arts to STEM is a way to develop strong STEM students who think creatively. (他们认为，在STEM中加入艺术是培养具有创造性思维的强大STEM学生的一种方式)”说明STEAM理念的相信者认为需要加入艺术元素，与STEM的理念不同，A项“STEAM公司不同意。”承上启下，符合题意。故选A。
【19题详解】
上文“Several studies have shown that engaging students’ arts strength increases their motivation when it comes to STEM activities. (几项研究表明，谈及STEM活动时，调动学生的艺术力量可以提高他们的动机)”说明调动学生艺术力量的益处，F项中It指代上文中的engaging students’ arts strength，F项“它还能提高在复杂任务和挑战中成功的概率。”进一步说明调动学生艺术力量的益处，符合题意。故选F。
【20题详解】
下文“Consider the growing field of computer animation, where you must have both artistic abilities and strong technology fields.(考虑到电脑动画这个不断发展的领域，你必须同时具备艺术能力和强大的技术领域)”说明技术和艺术不可分割，B项“事实上，科学和艺术是不可分割的。”引出下文，符合题意。故选B。
第三部分：英语知识运用
完形填空（共15小题：每题1分，满分15分）
What is a true winner? We may be very ____21____ Honda.
In 1938, Soichiro Honda was still in school, when he started a little workshop. His ____22____ was to sell piston rings to Toyota. He ____23____ night and day, believing he could ____24____ his design and produce a worthy ____25____. Then came the day he took a sample (样本) to Toyota, only to be ____26____ that the rings did not ____27____ their standards!
However, he refused to give up. Rather than focus on his ____28____ he continued working towards his goal. After two more years of ____29____, he won a contract (合同) with Toyota. By then, Soichiro Honda needed to build a factory to supply Toyota, but building materials were in short supply.
Again he would not quit! He invented a ____30____ process that enabled him to build the factory. But ____31____ an earthquake destroyed the factory. Was he ____32____ to give up now? No! Soichiro Honda wrote to 18,000 bicycle shop owners and asked them to help him, 5,000 responded and ____33____ him some money. Finally, the company got great ____34____.
Honda succeeded because one man made a truly committed decision, ____35____ it and made adjustments on a continuous basis.
21. A. aware of B. familiar with C. disappointed at D. grateful to
22. A. method B. concept C. option D. intention
23. A. labored B. begged C. slept D. thought
24. A. obtain B. admire C. perfect D. acknowledge
25. A. conclusion B. material C. analysis D. product
26. A. reminded B. expected C. told D. warned
27. A. apply B. improve C. update D. meet
28. A. theory B. failure C. device D. fame
29. A. silences B. explanations C. struggles D. services
30. A. previous B. special C. responsible D. complicated
31. A. unfortunately B. eventually C. regularly D. definitely
32. A. unwilling B. careful C. delighted D. ready
33. A. charged B. advanced C. awarded D. owed
34. A. advice B. experience C. success D. discount
35. A. dreamed of B. got into C. reflected upon D. acted on
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要通过讲述本田成功的故事，来说明什么才是真正的赢家。
【21题详解】
考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我们可能很熟悉本田。A. aware of 意识到、知道；B. familiar with 熟悉；C. disappointed at 对……失望；D. grateful to 对……感谢。根据第二段“His 2 was to sell piston rings to Toyota.”（他的意图是把活塞环卖给丰田。）及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了本田品牌的创始人成功的故事，而“Honda”即“本田”又是家喻户晓的一个汽车品牌，所以作者认为人们可能很熟悉本田这一品牌。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的意图是把活塞环卖给丰田。A. method 方法；B. concept 概念；C. option 选择；D. intention 目的、意图。根据第二段“Then came the day he took a sample (样本) to Toyota, only to be 6 that the rings did not 7 their standards!”（然后有一天，他带着样品去了丰田，却被告知活塞环不符合他们的标准！）可知，本田带着活塞环的样本去丰田公司，说明他是打算将产品卖给丰田。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他夜以继日地工作，相信他能完善自己的设计，生产出一件有价值的产品。A. labored 劳动、工作；B. begged 乞讨、乞求；C. slept 睡觉；D. thought 思考。根据上一句“In 1938, Soichiro Honda was still in school, when he started a little workshop. ”（1938年，本田宗一郎还在上学，当时他开了一个小的工作间。）和“His intention was to sell piston rings to Toyota.”（他的意图是把活塞环卖给丰田。）和句中“believing he could 4 his design and produce a worthy 5 ”可知，本田当时刚开了一个小工作室，要想完善设计、生产出有价值的产品，卖给大公司丰田，就需要全力以赴、夜以继日地工作。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他夜以继日地工作，相信他能完善自己的设计，生产出一件有价值的产品。A. obtain 获得；B. admire 羡慕、钦佩；C. perfect 完善、使完美；D. acknowledge 承认。根据第2小题“His intention was to sell piston rings to Toyota.”和本句中“produce a worthy product”可知，本田要想生产出有价值的产品，卖给大公司丰田，就必须要完善自己的产品设计，力求完美。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他夜以继日地工作，相信他能完善自己的设计，生产出一件有价值的产品。A. conclusion 结论；B. material 材料；C. analysis 分析；D. product 产品。根据前文“His intention was to sell piston rings to Toyota.”和下一句“Then came the day he took a sample (样本) to Toyota, only to be 6 that the rings did not 7 their standards!”（然后有一天，他带着样品去了丰田，却被告知活塞环不符合他们的标准！）可知，本田想要将活塞环卖给丰田，而活塞环是他工作室生产的产品，所以他力求生产出有价值的产品。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后有一天，他带着样品去了丰田，却被告知活塞环不符合他们的标准！A. reminded 提醒；B. expected 期待、期盼；C. told 告诉；D. warned 警告。根据句中“Then came the day he took a sample (样本) to Toyota, ”可知，本田带着活塞环的样本去丰田公司，希望能卖给丰田；结合“that the rings did not 7 their standards!”可知，产品不符合要求，应该是由丰田公司检验后告知的。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后有一天，他带着样品去了丰田，却被告知活塞环不符合他们的标准！A. apply 申请、应用；B. improve 提高、改善；C. update 更新；D. meet 见面、满足、符合。根据第三段“However, he refused to give up. ”（然而，他没有放弃。）可知，丰田公司并未认可本田的活塞环样本，说明他的产品不符合丰田公司的标准。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有专注于他的失败，他继续朝着他的目标努力。A. theory 理论；B. failure 失败；C. device 设备；D. fame 名誉、声望。根据前文“Then came the day he took a sample (样本) to Toyota, only to be told that the rings did not meet their standards!”和上一句“However, he refused to give up. ”（然而，他没有放弃。）可知，本田未能将活塞环卖给丰田，他失败了。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过两年多的奋斗，他赢得了丰田公司的合同。A. silences 沉默；B. explanations 解释；C. struggles 奋斗；D. services 服务。根据上一句“Rather than focus on his failure he continued working towards his goal.”（没有专注于他的失败，他继续朝着他的目标努力。）和本句中“he won a contract (合同) with Toyota.”可知，在随后的两年多时间，他没有放弃努力，而是不断地奋斗，最终取得了同丰田公司合作的资格。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他发明了一种特殊的方法，使他能够建造工厂。A. previous 以前的；B. special特殊的； C. responsible 负责的；D. complicated 复杂的。根据第三段“By then, Soichiro Honda needed to build a factory to supply Toyota, but building materials were in short supply.”（当时，本田宗一郎需要建一座工厂，为丰田供货，但建筑材料短缺。）和第四段“Again he would not quit!”（他再一次不肯放弃！）可知，本田缺少建工厂的材料，但他不放弃，另辟他径；由句中“invented”和“that enabled him to build the factory.”可知，他有了新的发明，解决了材料短缺的困境，得以建成工厂，应该是比较特殊的一种建造方式。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但不幸的是，一场地震摧毁了工厂。A. unfortunately 不幸地；B. eventually 最终；C. regularly 有规律地；D. definitely 肯定地。根据上一句“He invented a special process that enabled him to build the factory.”（他发明了一种特殊的方法，使他能够建造工厂。）可知，本田克服了困难，建造了工厂；结合本句的转折词“But”和“an earthquake destroyed the factory. ”可知，地震摧毁了工厂，这对他来说是非常不幸的。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他现在准备放弃了吗？A. unwilling 不愿意；B. careful 仔细的；C. delighted 高兴的；D. ready 准备好的。根据下文的“Soichiro Honda wrote to 18,000 bicycle shop owners and asked them to help him,”（本田写信给1.8万名自行车店主，请求他们帮助他）可知，本田并没有放弃努力，他开始寻求帮助；结合下一句的回答“No!”可知，本句是提出“他现在准备放弃了吗？”的问题。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：本田写信给1.8万名自行车店主，请求他们帮助他，5000人回复了他，并预支了一些钱。A. charged 收费、要价；B. advanced 发展、预付；C. awarded 授予、颁发；D. owed 欠、欠钱。根据第11小题“But unfortunately an earthquake destroyed the factory.”可知，地震摧毁了本田的工厂，使他处于困境；根据本句中“Soichiro Honda wrote to 18,000 bicycle shop owners and asked them to help him,”可知，本田向1.8万名自行车店主写信求助，是希望得到他们在经济上的帮助，所以有5000名店主回复了他，应该是愿意提供金钱方面的帮助，提前支付他一些钱，帮助他度过难关。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，公司获得了巨大的成功。A. advice 建议；B. experience 经验、经历；C. success 成功；D. discount 折扣。根据第13小题“Soichiro Honda wrote to 18,000 bicycle shop owners and asked them to help him, 5,000 responded and advanced him some money.”可知，本田得到了资金帮助；结合最后一段中的“Honda succeeded because...”可知，本田最终获得了成功。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：本田的成功是因为一个人做出了一个真正坚定的决定，并按照这个决定行事，并在持续的基础上做出了调整。A. dreamed of 梦想；B. got into 进入；C. reflected upon 反思、回顾；D. acted on 按照……行事。根据第三段的“However, he refused to give up. Rather than focus on his failure, he continued working towards his goal. ”（然而，他没有放弃他并没有专注于他的失败，而是继续朝着他的目标努力。）、第四段“Was he ready to give up now? No! ”（他现在准备放弃了吗？不！）和全文内容可知，本田在做出决定后，就一直坚定不移地按照这个决定和目标努力，从未放弃。故选D。
第II卷（非选择题，共55分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s first overpass for wildlife migration has already come into use. Lying over the ____36____ (new) constructed National Highway 216, the bridge is able to link animal habitats ____37____ (separate) by the road.
The national highway ____38____ (design) with the environmental protection as a top priority. Based on years of ____39____ (science) observation of wildlife migration in the region, the bridge was built with the purpose of reducing the highway’s effect ____40____ the animals. The wildlife overpasses and underpasses let animals ____41____ (cross) over or under busy roadways safely and allow them to use ____42____ (they)customary paths, which would otherwise be blocked. Those passageways, with ____43____ total length of 59 kilometers, enable antelopes and other animals to go across the railway freely.
So far, China ____44____ (put) great effort into achieving harmonious coexistence between human development and the protection of wildlife. The Qinghai—Tibet Railway, ____45____ is the world’s highest railroad, has 33 underpasses for the migrating animals.
【答案】36. newly
37. separated
38. was designed
39. scientific
40. on 41. cross
42. their 43. a
44. has put
45. which
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国首座野生动物迁徙立交桥投入使用。该桥连接了被国道分离开的野生动物栖息地。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：这座桥位于新建成的216国道上，能够连接被公路隔开的动物栖息地。分析句式结构可知，修饰过去分词constructed应该用副词，所以空格处应该用提示词的副词形式。故填newly。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句式结构再根据空格后的by可知，此处用过去分词separated作后置定语，表示“被隔开”符合语境。故填separated。
【38题详解】
考查被动时态语态。句意：国道的设计以环境保护为重中之重。分析句意可知，本金描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，design和主语之间是被动关系，所以本句应该用被动语态，故填was designed。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：基于对该地区野生动物迁徙的多年科学观察，这座桥的建造目的是减少高速公路对动物的影响。故填scientific。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：同上。分析句意再根据空格前的effect可知，此处用介词on与effect构成固定搭配，表示“对……的影响”符合语境。故填on。
【41题详解】
考查动词。句意：野生动物立交桥和地下通道让动物可以安全地穿过繁忙的道路，并允许它们使用自己习惯的路径，否则这些路径会被堵塞。分析句意再根据空格前的使役动词let可知，此处应该用省略to的动词不定式做宾补，故填cross。
【42题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处应该用形容词性物主代词修饰空格后的名词paths。故填their。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这些通道全长59公里，使羚羊和其他动物可以自由穿越铁路。分析句意再根据空格后的total和of可知，此处用不定冠词a构成固定搭配a total of表示“总数为……”符合语境。故填a。
【44题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：迄今为止，中国致力于实现人类发展与野生动物保护的和谐共存。根据句首的时间状语So far可知，本句的时态应该用现在完成时，又因为主语China是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式。故填has put。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：青藏铁路是世界上海拔最高的铁路，为迁徙的动物修建了33条地下通道。分析句式结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是物，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which来引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
第二节：写作（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你校英文报刊本期讨论的话题是如何有效利用时间。请以“How to Manage Our Time Wisely”为题，撰写一篇短文投稿。主要内容包括：
1.时间的重要性；
2.如何有效利用时间。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】How to Manage Our Time Wisely
Time is the most precious gift for every human being. Therefore, we must manage it wisely. However, time management does not come naturally, and it needs learning and practising.
Firstly, having a schedule is of great importance. Living with a schedule will help us spread out lives in days, months and years. Additionally, spend the time between study and life in a balanced way. Study should go first for us but time for interesting activities like sports will do good to us to keep moving. Finally, being disciplined is the base of the time management, without which all would be in vain.
In short, all of us should make use of our time effectively because every minute counts.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“How to Manage Our Time Wisely”为题，撰写一篇短文向校英文报投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
需要：need→require/call for
很重要：be of great importance→be very important
此外：additionally→in addition
简而言之：in short→in a word
2.句式拓展
用as引导的原因状语从句合并句子
原句：Time is the most precious gift for every human being. Therefore, we must manage it wisely.
拓展句：As time is the most precious gift for every human being, we must manage it wisely.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Finally, being disciplined is the base of the time management, without which all would be in vain.（运用了“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】In short, all of us should make use of our time effectively because every minute counts.（运用了because引导原因状语从句）
第三节：写作（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
‘Usual boring day!’ This would be the answer from Roman if somebody asked him how his day was. These days he found everything boring, nothing excited him.
One day he was lying in his room as usual. Suddenly light went off. His room was rather hot without an air conditioner. Though he did not want to leave his room, he had to. Unwillingly, he left his room and came to living room. Living room was slightly cool as it had two huge windows.
His young brother was playing with his friend. They were rolling on the floor. He was looking out for the TV remote, but couldn't find. He got up and searched it everywhere, but remote was nowhere. He looked at his brother who was still lying on the floor playing.
He asked him, “Where is the remote?”
“Under the Sofa,” his brother yelled.
He tried to look through, but it was dark. He put his hand under the sofa. He touched something, grabbed it and took his hand out. OMG! It was a snake in his hand!
After seeing that his brother started to yell, “ Snake, snake!” Mom came as soon as she heard their shouting. She too was horrified to see a snake. She was so scared that she even couldn’t speak a word. Two kids were trying to hide into each other’s back. “What an old trick!” Roman thought and threw it over kids.
As the snake landed on the floor near to the kids, it started moving from left side to the right. Only then did Roman realize that the snake was real, not a toy. He threw the snake over kids because he thought it was a fake snake and kids were playing some tricks.
This time mom almost got heart attack. Now he was scared too. The snake was only 10 meters away from kids and was staring at kids. They even couldn’t call a rescue team. There might be some deadly damage before their arrival. There was not much time to think. It was the time for a quick action.
Paragraph 1:
As Roman was farther from the snake, he jumped to the window and grabbed the curtain.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
After the rescue team caught and took the snake away, everyone went inside the home.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Possible version 1:
As Roman was farther from the snake, he jumped to the window and grabbed the curtain. He pulled it so hard that curtain ended up landing in his hand. Then without waiting a second, he threw the curtain over the snake. When the snake came under the curtain, he grabbed two kids by their hands and brought them out of the room. He again went inside and took his mother to the front yard. Mom was shaking like a leaf and kids were sweating hard. Later, he called the rescue team from his cell phone.
After the rescue team caught and took the snake away, everyone went inside the home. Roman went back to his room and tried to sleep, but couldn't, so he went upstairs to living room where he found his brother was watching cartoon. He sat next to his brother and his cell phone beeped. It was another text from his friend asking how his day was. Roman slowly typed: “Jaw-breaking day”. Then he kept his mobile aside and dragged his brother's head to his chest and started to play with his hair gently. Then he whispered something in his ear which sounds something like “Sorry”.
Possible version 2:
As Roman was farther from the snake, he jumped to the window and grabbed the curtain. He pulled it so hard that curtain was torn off immediately. Without hesitation, he threw the curtain at the moving snake and covered it. Then he grabbed two extremely-frightened kids by their arms and pushed them out of room. The moment the kids went out, they started screaming. Roman went inside the room again and brought his mom out, who was standing still, frozen with fear. Later, he called the rescue team.
After the rescue team caught and took the snake away everyone went inside the home. Everything returned to normal except that the two kids were still scared. Roman felt guilty and even angry with himself. How could he have thrown the snake to two kids. But for the quick action, it would have hurt them! He went up to the kids, patting them on the head, and said carefully, “I’m so sorry. I mistook it for a fake one. Well….” After a short pause, he said in an excited voice, “Shall we play some game together now?” The kids burst into a smile. “What a thrilling day!” Roman texted his friend later that day.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇读后续写。读后续写一般要求学生阅读一篇记叙文，然后发挥想象，运用自己所学英语知识去续写一篇中心思想跟全文一致、合乎情理的记叙文。本文的中心思想是：一天，罗曼感到很无聊，来到客厅里乘凉，他的弟弟和朋友玩，罗曼错把一条蛇当做遥控器扔向了孩子们，罗曼必须采取措施把蛇弄走。
【详解】1. 段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“当罗曼离蛇更远时，他跳到窗前，抓住窗帘。”可知，第一段可描写罗曼想把蛇丢出窗外的想法以及是否成功。
②由第二段首句内容“在救援队抓住并带走蛇后，所有人都进了房子。”可知，第二段可描写救援队的人走了之后，罗曼在家做了什么以及他的心情变化。
2. 续写线索：跳到窗前——想扔蛇——是否成功——救援队——感悟
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①拉：pull/drag
②扔：throw/throw away/throw over
③发抖：shake/tremble
情感类
①困难的、累的：jaw-breaking/exhausting/difficult
②激动的：excited/thrilled/exhortative
【点睛】【高分句型1】When the snake came under the curtain, he grabbed two kids by their hands and brought them out of the room.（使用了when引导时间状语从句）
【高分句型2】Roman went back to his room and tried to sleep, but couldn’t, so he went upstairs to living room where he found his brother was watching cartoon.（使用了where引导定语从句）
听力：1-5BACCC 6-10AABCC 11-15BABCA 16-20BACCA
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