初中英语2023中考知识点复习（情态动词用法+反意疑问句精讲）
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一、重要情态动词的用法
1.can
⑴ 表示能力,一般译为“能､会”,尤其指生来具备的能力｡
She can swim fast, but I can’t .
她会游泳,但我不会｡
⑵ 表示许可,常在口语中｡
You can use my dictionary.
你可以使用我的词典｡
⑶ 表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can’t译为“不可能”｡
Can the news be true?
这个消息可能是真的吗?
It can’t be our teacher.He is on a visit to the Great Wall.
不可能是我们老师｡他正在参观长城呢｡
2.could
⑴ can的过去式,意为“能､会”,表示过去的能力｡
He could write poems when he was 10.
他十岁的时候就会写诗｡
⑵ could在疑问句中,表示委婉请求的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思｡
Could you do me a favor?
你可以帮我一个忙吗?
—Could I use your pen?我可以使用你的钢笔吗?
—Yes, you can.(注意回答)可以｡
3.may
⑴ 表示请求､许可,比can正式,
May I borrow your bike?
我可以借用你的自行车吗?
You may go home now.
你现在可以回家了｡
⑵ 表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“可能,或许”,一般用于肯定句中｡
It may rain tomorrow .
明天可能会下雨｡
⑶ may的过去式为 might｡might 也可以表示可能性低于may(此时might没有过去式的意思)｡
He is away from school.He might be sick.
他离开学校了｡也许是病了｡
⑷ 表示希望､祈求､祝愿,常可译为“祝愿”｡通常是用may +主+V
May you have a good time!
祝你玩的愉快!
May you be happy!
祝你快乐!
May you succeed!
祝你成功!
4.must
⑴ must 表示主观看法,意为“必须”｡
You must stay here until I come back.
你必须待在这里,直到我回来｡
Must I hand in my homework right now?
我现在必须要交作业吗?
⑵ 对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t或don’t have to .
—Must I finish my homework?我必须完成作业吗?
—No, you needn’t.不,你不必｡
⑶ must也可以表示有把握的推测,意为“ 一定,肯定”,用于肯定句｡
The light is on, so he must be at home now.
灯开着,所以他现在一定在家｡
⑷ 其否定形式mustn’t表示“禁止,不许”｡
You mustn’t play with fire.
你不许玩火｡
You mustn’t be late.
你不许迟到｡
注意:其反意问句的构成形式:
当must表示肯定的判断､推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成｡
She must have seen the film before,hasn’t she?
(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)
她之前一定看过这部电影,难道没有吗?
You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday,didn’t you?
(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)
你昨天一定在商店见到王叔叔了,难道没有吗?
5.need
⑴ need表示需要,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn’t,意为“不必”｡
用need提问时,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t或don’t have to｡
—Need I stay here any longer?我需要待在这里吗?
—Yes, you must .是的,你必须｡
—No.you needn’t /don’t have to.不,你不必｡
(2) need还可以作实义动词,此时有人称､数和时态的变化,如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式｡
I need to do it right now.
我需要现在做这件事｡
注意:如果是物作主语,一般用need doing与need to be done,这种情况下应注意两点:
① 主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义;
② 该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变｡
The door needs painting.= The door needs to be painted.
门需要被油漆｡
6.dare
dare意为“敢､敢于”,用法近似于need,有两种词性:
⑴ dare作为情态动词,多用于否定句､疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时｡
Dare he tell them what he knows?
他敢告诉他们他知道的事情吗?
I daren’t ask her.Will you do it for me?
我不敢问她｡你可以为我问吗?
⑵ dare作为实义动词,此时有人称､数及时态的变化｡
He doesn’t dare to break his promise.
他不敢违背承诺｡
注意:口语中,dare的各种形式常与不带to的不定式连用｡
Do you dare tell her what I said?
你敢告诉她我说的话吗?
7.shall
shall表示征求对方意见(多用于第一､三人称)
Shall we go out for a walk?
我们出去散步好吗?
Shall the driver wait outside?
司机在外面等好吗?
8.should
⑴ should 意为“应该”,可表示劝告､建议､义务､责任等｡
We should protect the environment.
我们应该保护环境｡
⑵ Should have done 意为”本应该做某事而没做“,表示对过去动作的责备､批评｡
You should have finished your homework.
你本应该完成作业的｡(实际上没有)
9.will
will表示意愿､意志､打算,可用于多种人称｡
I will help you if I’m free this afternoon.
如果下午有空,我会帮你的｡
10.had better
had better意为“最好”,没有人称的变化,后面接不带to的不定式,其否定形式为:had better not｡
We had better go now.
你最好现在去｡
二、反意疑问句重点精讲
1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?
2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语｡
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
3) 陈述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义｡
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语｡
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
5) 陈述部分有have to +v.(had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)｡
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或usedn't +主语｡
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
7) 陈述部分有had better + v.疑问句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用wouldn't +主语｡
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v.疑问部分用wouldn't +主语｡
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
10)陈述部分有must的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定｡
He must be a doctor, isn't he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
11)感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语｡
What colours, aren't they?
What a smell, isn't it?
12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定｡
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it｡
Everything is ready, isn't it?
14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:
a.并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定｡
Mr.Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
b.带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c.上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句｡
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
15)陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he｡
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
16)带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用need (dare ) +主语｡
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语｡
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you｡
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
注意: Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词｡
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式｡
It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
20) must在表"推测"时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句｡
He must be there now, isn't he?
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?
