小升初英语语法专项讲解+练习学案：数词（含答案）

小升初语言知识运用

疑问句

小学阶段的疑问句主要分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句。

一、一般疑问句

1.一般疑问句的用法

一般疑问句用来询问一件事情或一个情况是否属实，其回答通常是 yes 或 no，所 以也称为是非疑问句，例如:

(1) -- Are you a primary student?      -- 你是一位小学生吗?

   -- Yes, I am. /No, I am not. 一是的，我是。/ 不，我不是。

(2) -- Can you swim?     -- 你会游泳吗?

   -- Yes, I can. / No, I can't.    -- 是的，我会。/ 不，我不会。

2.将陈述句改为一般疑问句的方法

（1）陈述句中有 be 动词（am， is， are， was， were）、助动词 will 或情态动词 （can，may，must等）的时候，直接将这些单词提前，放在主语前面（即句首），其余内 容照抄不变，句末加上问号，例如:

① Sue's mother was a singer five years ago. 苏的妈妈五年前是一位歌唱家。

→Was Sue's mother a singer five years ago?

② I will come back tomorrow. 我将明天回来。

→Will you come back tomorrow?

③ He can draw well. 他画画得好。

→Can he draw well?

注意:当陈述句中的主语是第一人称I或we的时候，在改成一般疑问句时，可以将第一人称I或we改成第二人称you。

（2）当陈述句中没有be动词、助动词 will 或情态动词时，要借助助动词 do， does 或 did，将它们放在句首引出问句，句中的实义动词变为原形，例如:

① She likes playing the violin in her spare time. 她业余时间喜欢拉小提琴。

→Does she like playing the violin in her spare time?

② I go to school on foot. 我步行去上学。

→Do you go to school on foot?

③ Lily called me just now. 丽丽刚才打电话给我。

→Did Lily call me just now?

（3）一般疑问句的回答

肯定回答是: Yes，主语（一般用人称代词） + 助动词

否定回答是: No, 主语 + 助动词 +  not(助动词 +  not 可用缩写形式), 例如:  -  Was Sue's mother a singer five years ago?

 -- Yes, she was. /No, she wasn't.

 -- Will you come back tomorrow?  -- Yes, I will. /No, I won't.

 -- Does she like playing the violin?  -- Yes, she does. /No, she doesn’t.

 -- Do you go to school on foot?  -- Yes, I do. /No, I don't.

 -- Did Lily call me just now?  -- Yes, she did. /No, she didn't.

 -- Are you a primary student?  -- Yes, I am. /No, I am not. (am not 没有缩写形式)

 -- Must I do my homework now?  -- Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. （在对情态动词 must， need 的一般疑问句的肯定回答和否定回答中，所用的助动词是不同的，具体见第七章的“情态动词”部分。）

典型例题

将下列陈述句改为一般疑问句:

(1) Father read the newspaper after dinner yesterday.

   _________________________________________________

正确答案 Did father read the newspaper after dinner yesterday?

解题思路 该句中的主语father是第三人称单数，动词read却没有加s，说明 read 是过去式形式，句末的 yesterday 也证明了这一点，所以改成一般疑问句时，借 用表示过去时的助动词 did，要放在句首。

(2) I was in the office this time yesterday.

   _________________________________________________

正确答案 Were you in the office this time yesterday?

解题思路 句中有be动词was，改成一般疑问句时将be动词提前，放在句首； 但是因为主语是Ⅰ，改一般疑问句时最好改成you，那么was相应地改成were。

二、特殊疑问句

1.特殊疑问句的用法

特殊疑问句是对句中某一特殊部分提出疑问，由疑问代词或疑问副词引出，询问的内容不同，选用的疑问词也不同，例如:

Where are you from? 你来自哪里?

What's your name? 你叫什么名字?

How do you go to school every day? 你每天是怎么去上学的?

由于疑问词都是由 w或 h 开头的单词，所以特殊疑问句也称为 wh - 疑问句。

2.特殊疑问句的结构

特殊疑问句的一般结构为:疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序?

（1）常用的疑问词有: what(什么), who(谁), whose(谁的), which(哪一个, 哪 一些), when(什么时候), where(哪里), why(为什么), how(怎么样), how many(多 少, 询问可数名词), how much(多少钱或询问不可数名词的量), how often(多久一 次, 询问频率), how old(多大, 询问年龄), how long(多久), how soon(多快), how far(多远), what colour(什么颜色), what time(几点钟), what shape(什么形状), what day(星期几), what date(几月几号)等, 例如:

① I will meet my friend at 2: 00 p. m.

→What time will you meet your friend?

疑问词  一般疑问句语序

② I live in Beijing. → Where do you live?

疑问词 一般疑问句语序

（2）当对句子中的主语部分进行提问时，特殊疑问句的结构为:疑问词 + 陈述句 语序?例如:

① Mr. Li is our English teacher.

→Who is your English teacher?

疑问词  陈述句语序

② The sun gives us heat and light.

→What gives us heat and light?

疑问词   陈述句语序

3.具有特殊意义的特殊疑问句

（1） Why not …?

Why not …?是 Why don't you …? 的缩略结构。 Why not 后接动词原形，表 示建议或请求，例如:

Why not have a try? ( = Why don't you have a try? )为什么不试一下呢?

Why not go there by ship? ( = Why don't you go there by ship? )为什么不坐船 去那儿呢?

（2）What about …? /How about …?

What about 和 How about 后接代词或动词 - ing形式，表示建议、请求或询问， 例如:

I don't like the movie. What about /How about you? 我不喜欢这部电影, 你呢?

What about/How about having dinner with me? 和我一起吃晚餐怎么样?

典型例题

对下列句子的画线部分进行提问:

（1） I like the blue hat.

     _________________________________________________

正确答案 Which hat do you like?

解题思路 虽然blue表示颜色，但它在句中的成分是作hat的定语，应该用 which 来提问，表示“你喜欢哪一顶帽子?”而不是针对 blue 用 what colour 提问。

（2）These jeans are blue.

     _________________________________________________

正确答案 What colour are these jeans?

解题思路 该题中的blue是描述jeans的颜色, 在句中作表语, 提问时用what colour。

三、选择疑问句

选择疑问句是说话人对问题提出两个或两个以上的答案，询问对方选择哪一种， 回答时不能用 yes 或 no。选择疑问句有两种:一种为一般选择疑问句，另一种是特殊 选择疑问句。

1.一般选择疑问句

一般选择疑问句的结构: 一般疑问句 + or + 选项, 例如:

(1) -- Do you go to work by bus or by metro?  你坐公交车还是坐地铁去上班?

   -- By bus. 坐公交车。

(2) -- Will you go to Beijing this week or next week? 你这周去北京还是下周去北京?

   -- Next week. 下周。

(3) -- Can you play the guitar or not? 你会不会弹吉他?

   -- I can play the guitar. 我会弹。

2.特殊选择疑问句

特殊选择疑问句的结构:特殊疑问句 + 两个或两个以上的选项（选项之间用or 连接），例如:

(1) -- Which car runs faster, the black one or the white one? 哪辆车开得更快，黑色的那辆还是白色的那辆?

   -- The black one. 黑色的那辆。

(2) -- Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?  你喜欢哪种饮品，茶还是咖啡?

   -- I prefer coffee. 我喜欢咖啡。

典型例题

(1) I like apples. (用 oranges 改成一般选择疑问句)

   _________________________________________________

正确答案 Do you like apples or oranges?

解题思路 一般选择疑问句的结构是一般疑问句 +  or  + 选项。

(2) Mike is tall. (用 Jack 改成特殊选择疑问句)

   _________________________________________________

正确答案 Who is taller, Mike or Jack?

解题思路 特殊选择疑问句结构是特殊疑问句 + 两个或两个以上的选项（选项之间用 or 连接）。

练习

一、连词成问句。

001. music, their, is, teacher, teachers', in, office, the

   ____________________________________________________________ ?

002. buy, you, are, to, going, a, car

   ____________________________________________________________ ?

003. hot, it, was, day, the, yesterday, before

   ____________________________________________________________?

004. they, happy, were, yesterday

   ____________________________________________________________ ?

005. you, can, high, jump

   ____________________________________________________________ ?

006. I, may, open, window, the

   ____________________________________________________________ ?

007. she, does, watching, like, TV

   ____________________________________________________________ ?

008. they, do, often, to, the, go, Bund

   ____________________________________________________________ ?

009. you, visit, did, your, last, grandma, week

   ____________________________________________________________ ?

010. they, will, the, meeting, attend, after, tomorrow, the, day

   ____________________________________________________________ ?

011. I, take, a, shall, walk, you, with, after, supper

   ____________________________________________________________ ?

012. is, it, time, what, your, watch, by

   ____________________________________________________________ ?

013. old, brother, how, little, is, your

____________________________________________________________?

014. your, subject, favourite, is, what 

    ____________________________________________________________ ?

015. you, are, going, where

   ____________________________________________________________ ?

二、将下列句子改成一般疑问句，并按要求作出回答。

016. I come from China.

   ____________________________________________________________

肯定回答: __________________

017. The lion is afraid.

   ____________________________________________________________

否定回答: __________________

018. It's sunny and hot.

   ____________________________________________________________

肯定回答: __________________

019. Jim has got three blue balloons.

____________________________________________________________

否定回答: __________________

020. My sister can paint.

____________________________________________________________

肯定回答: __________________

021. My brother and sister like the purple bicycle.

____________________________________________________________

否定回答: __________________

022. Tom is full.

____________________________________________________________

肯定回答: __________________

023. The card is a star.

   ____________________________________________________________

否定回答: __________________

024. There is a library in our school.

____________________________________________________________

肯定回答: __________________

025. I was in the classroom at 8: 00 this morning.

____________________________________________________________

否定回答: __________________

026. We must get the house ready for our guests.

____________________________________________________________

肯定回答: __________________

027. She looked very ill last week.

____________________________________________________________

否定回答: __________________

028. He will return to London the week after next.

____________________________________________________________

肯定回答: __________________

029. My parents swept the floor together just now.

____________________________________________________________

否定回答: __________________

030. The horse likes to eat hay.

____________________________________________________________

肯定回答: __________________

三、对下列句子的画线部分进行提问。

031. The weather is sunny and hot today.

    ____________________________________________________________

032. Julia and Rose will spend 4 days in Hangzhou.

    ____________________________________________________________

033. The children are listening to the weather forecast in the classroom.

    ____________________________________________________________

034. They are waiting for the taxi.

    ____________________________________________________________

035. The lady in red is planting trees.

    ____________________________________________________________

036. I spent fifteen minutes in having breakfast this morning.

    ____________________________________________________________

037. Sandy and her mother went shopping on Huaihai Road last Sunday.

    ____________________________________________________________

038. I usually have steamed bread for my breakfast.

    ____________________________________________________________

039. There is some pork in the bun.

    ____________________________________________________________

040. These crabs are from Yangcheng Lake.

    ____________________________________________________________

041. Lots of foreigners like fried rice.

    ____________________________________________________________

042. My sister can make dumplings.

    ____________________________________________________________

043. Mary visits her grandma once a week.

    ____________________________________________________________

044. These hamburgers taste delicious.

    ____________________________________________________________

045. Our family ate out last Sunday.

    ____________________________________________________________

046. We should wear our school uniform from Monday to Thursday.

    ____________________________________________________________

047. We must wear sports shoes to go outside the school gym.

    ____________________________________________________________

048. I like to have lunch at school because the food there is delicious.

    ____________________________________________________________

049. People wear heavy coats when they go outside in Harbin in winter.

    ____________________________________________________________

050. Sandy and Billy often take photos in the park at weekends.

    ____________________________________________________________

051. Sue drank a bottle of lemonade in a lovely teahouse.

    ____________________________________________________________

052. There were lots of big old things in his house.

    ____________________________________________________________

053. Sometimes we have our history lessons in museums.

    ____________________________________________________________

054. From the Oriental Pearl TV Tower we can see the Bund.

    ____________________________________________________________

55. We are going to visit Beijing this summer vacation.

    ____________________________________________________________

056. We had two classes in computer science in a week when we were in Grade Three.

    ____________________________________________________________

057. I shall do some reading this evening.

    ____________________________________________________________

058. Mr. Wang seems quite happy today.

    ____________________________________________________________

059. His brother became a policeman last year.

    ____________________________________________________________

060. My grandparents arrived at my home last Monday.

    ____________________________________________________________

四、汉译英。

061.你最喜欢哪个城市，上海、广州还是北京?

    ____________________________________________________________

062.你姐姐是医生还是教师?

    ____________________________________________________________

063.你通常是在11点还是12点吃午饭?

    ____________________________________________________________

064.你在哪个班级，一班还是二班?

    ____________________________________________________________

065.这是谁的猫，他的还是她的?

    ____________________________________________________________

066.你想吃什么，三明治还是汉堡包?

    ____________________________________________________________

067.你喜欢踢足球还是打篮球?

    ____________________________________________________________

068.你对什么感兴趣，听音乐还是看书?

    ____________________________________________________________

069.你每天早起还是不早起?

    ____________________________________________________________

070.你会开车还是不会开车?

    ____________________________________________________________

五、根据实际情况进行回答。

071. Are you a middle school student or not?

    ____________________________________________________________

072. How many people are there in your family?

    ____________________________________________________________

073. What time do you get up every day?

    ____________________________________________________________

074. How do you go to school?

    ____________________________________________________________

075. Do you have lunch at school or at home?

    ____________________________________________________________

076. What's your favourite subject?

    ____________________________________________________________

077. How often do you have a P. E. lesson at school?

    ____________________________________________________________

078. What do you often do after school?

    ____________________________________________________________

079. When is your birthday?

    ____________________________________________________________

080. Do you often have a birthday party on your birthday?

    ____________________________________________________________

081. How much is your schoolbag?

    ____________________________________________________________

082. What day is it today?

    ____________________________________________________________

083. What's the weather like today?

    ____________________________________________________________

084. What clothes are you wearing?

    ____________________________________________________________

085. Does your mother like to watch TV series?

    ____________________________________________________________

六、阅读短文，回答问题。

（1）

One day, Jack met his friend, Mike, in the street. Jack was quite rich, but Mike was poor. The two boys walked along the street together.

They talked about many things. Jack liked to listen to music and he told Mike about some new songs. Mike liked reading, and he told Jack about some new books.

They had the same friends, and they talked about them, too.

Then Jack remembered something. "I lent you ten dollars last week, "he said. "Can you give it back to me? "

"I'm very sorry, Jack, "Mike said. "I haven't got any money with me today. I'll pay you back tomorrow. "

"All right, "Jack said. "I can wait another day. "

At that moment, a man ran up to them. He had a knife in his hand. Mike and Jack were afraid.

"Give me your money, "he said to Jack.

Jack took out his wallet and gave it to the thief.

"Now give me your money, "the thief said to Mike.

Mike thought quickly. He took out his wallet, but he did not give it to the thief. He gave it to Jack and said, "I owe(欠) you some money. Here it is. "

086. How much money did Mike borrow from Jack last week?

    ____________________________________________________________

087. Did Mike have any money with him that day?

    ____________________________________________________________

088. Did Mike want to give the money back to Jack that day?

    ____________________________________________________________

089. Who did the two boys meet in the street?

    ____________________________________________________________

090. Could Jack get the money back from Mike at last or not?

    ____________________________________________________________

091. What do you think of Mike?

    ____________________________________________________________

（2）

A rich man wanted to give his mother a special birthday present. He heard about an amazing bird. It could talk in twelve languages. He bought the bird and sent it to his mother. It cost $500,000.

The day after her birthday, he called his mother. "How do you like the bird, Mother? "

"Delicious! "answered his mother.

092. What did the rich man want to give his mother as a birthday present?

    ____________________________________________________________

093. How many languages could the bird talk in?

    ____________________________________________________________

094. How much money did the man spend on the bird?

    ____________________________________________________________

095. What did his mother do with the bird?

    ____________________________________________________________

（3）

Linda was twelve years old. She was afraid to stay in the dark room by herself. One afternoon her father came back and said, "Here are two tickets for a film. Your mother and I will be busy tonight. Take your brother, Louise, to the cinema. "

Linda heard the film was very interesting. Of course she was very happy.

After supper, Linda and Louise went out. After the film it was late. They came back by bus. But it was dark in the room. Their parents were not in. Linda thought for a while and said, "Louise, go to turn on the light. "

"But I can't see the switch in the dark, " said Louise.

"How foolish you are! "Linda said angrily. "You must turn on the light and then you can find the switch. "

096. What was Linda afraid to do?

    ____________________________________________________________

097. When did they go to the cinema?

    ____________________________________________________________

098. How did they come back home?

    ____________________________________________________________

099. What did Linda ask Louise to do after they got home?

    ____________________________________________________________

100. Who was silly, Linda or Louise?

    ____________________________________________________________