小升初英语语法专项精讲+精练——第17讲：动词（二）
展开小升初语法第17讲：动词（二）
知识点讲解与考题精练（有答案）
常见的容易混淆的行为动词辨析：（掌握）
(1) look—see—watch—read“看”辨析
看 | 辨析 | 例句 |
watch | 强调“专注地看，仔细观看，注视”,有欣赏的意味，动作要持续一段时间，常用于看电视、看球赛等，也可以用于看电影， 如：watch a movie | Do you watch TV at night? 你晚上看电视吗？ Tom likes watching football match. 汤姆喜欢看足球比赛。 He doesn’t like watching a movie. 他不喜欢看电影。 |
see | 强调“看”的结果，指人肉眼所能涉及的范围，表示看的结果，意为“看见、看到”。 | How many birds can you see in the tree? 在树上你能看到多少只鸟？ I can see a big horse in the picture. 在图片中我看到一匹大马。 |
固定搭配: 看电影 see a film | I want to go to see a film. 我想去看电影。 | |
read | 指阅读一类的“看”，与纸张类有关，如：看书read a book, read some books；看报read newspaper；看杂志read magazine；看小说read novel等。 | I like reading books in the bed. 我喜欢在床上看书。 My father reads newspaper every morning. 我爸爸每天早上看报纸。 Jim always reads novel on Sunday. 周天吉姆一直在看小说。 |
look | 指集中注意力地看，是有意的，强调“看”的动作。单独使用时，用来引起对方的注意；与at连用后加看的对象，表示看的动作。 | Look! Tom is over there. 看！汤姆在那儿。 Look at the blackboard, please. 请看黑板。 Look at this picture carefully.认真看这张图片。 |
look 看起来… （做系动词，后接形容词作表语） | He looks very handsome. 他看起来很英俊。 You look good. 你看起来不错。 |
✮ 总结：
watch 观看，仔细地看（电视、球赛、比赛、电影、戏等）；
see 及物动词，强调“看”的结果，意为“看到，看见”；
read 看纸张类阅读物书（报纸，杂志，小说，地图等）；
look ①不及物动词，单独使用，用以引起对方的注意；
②强调看的动作，与at连用后加看的对象；
③看起来….（系动词+形容词）
记忆口诀: watch 观看see 结果look 动作read 纸张
【例题】He often ________ newspaper on Saturday.
A. sees B. reads C. watches D. looks
【解析】考题考查近义词的辨析，找关键词newspaper，理解句意：看报纸，newspaper属纸张类，口诀read纸张，often可以推断出是一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数后动词加s。答案：B
【强化训练】
用look, look at, see, watch, read填空。
1. Kangkang's sister a book in her room.
2. Please the blackboard, boys and girls.
3. What other things can you on the table?
4. ! What are they doing under the tree?
5. My brother and I are TV.
6. Are they a football game?
7. It's good to all my friends again.
8. Let me have a .
9. Lucy and Lily are twins. They the same.
10. I want to the doctor.
(2) say—speak—talk—tell“说”辨析
说 | 辨析 | 例句 |
speak | “讲话、发言、演说” 作不及物动词vi.通常指说话的能力和方式，后面跟人做宾语要加介词to； 作及物动词vt.时后面跟各种语言。 | Can you speak French? 你会说法语吗？ Who will speak at the meeting? 谁将在会上发言？ This is Mary. Who is speaking? May I speak to John, please? 我是马丽，你是谁？我能和约翰讲话吗？ (此句常用于打电话用语中） |
say | “说话”及物动词vt. 着重强调说话的内容，它的宾语可以是名词、代词或宾语从句。 也可与to连用，say (sth.) to sb.意为“对某人说...”。 | He often says "hello"to me with a smile. 他常笑着向我问好。 I can say it in English. 我能用英语说它。 He says to me,"I like my hometown. 他对我说：我喜欢我的家乡。 He said he would come to join us. 他说他回来加入我们。 |
tell | “讲述，告诉”及物动词vt. 后面常跟双宾语或复合宾语结构。 |
--What did your mother tell you just now? 刚才你妈妈告诉你什么了？ --She told me not to ride a bike quickly. 她告诉我不要快骑自行车。 Please tell me something about yourself. 请告诉我关于你自己的一些事情。
|
高频考点： tell sb.sth.“告诉某人某事” tell sb. (not) to do“告诉某人（不）做某事”；tell the truth说实话； tell a story讲故事； tell the difference 讲区别 | ||
talk | “谈话、闲谈”不及物动词vi.，后面跟人的时候用介词with/to 等, 后面跟事情要用到介词about , 强调两个人之间的谈话。 |
They are talking on the phone. 他们正在电话中交谈。 My mother is talking with/to my teacher. 我妈妈正在和我的老师谈话。 What are they talking about? 他们正在谈论什么？
|
高频考点：talk with/ to sb.“与某人谈话”；talk about sth./sb.“谈论某物/某事/某人”；talk with/ to sb. about sth./sb.“与某人谈论某物/某事/某人”； |
✮ 总结：
speak ①作Vi.指说话的能力和方式；speak + to +人；
②作Vt. + 语言；
say ①作Vt. + 名词/代词/宾语从句；
②say (sth.) to sb.意为“对某人说...”。
tell tell sb.sth.“告诉某人某事”
tell sb. (not) to do“告诉某人（不）做某事”；
tell tell the truth说实话；
tell a story讲故事；
tell the difference 讲区别
talk with/ to sb.“与某人谈话”；
talk talk about sth./sb.“谈论某物/某事/某人”；
talk with/ to sb. about sth./sb.“与某人谈论某物/某事/某人”；
【强化训练】
( )1. --Who is talking your father in the room? --My uncle.
|
|
|
|
( )2. Teachers often tell us in the river after school.
|
|
|
|
( )3. My sister can a little English.
|
|
|
|
( )4. They're about the football match now.
|
|
|
|
( )5. Excuse me. Can you me the way to the post office?
|
|
|
|
( )6. Can you it clearly?
|
|
|
|
(3) borrow—lend—keep“借”辨析
借 | 辨析 | 例句 |
borrow | 对主语而言是“借入”，指从别人那里借东西，常与介词from连用 | I borrowed some books from my teacher. 我从我的老师那里借了一些书。 |
lend | 对主语而言是“借出”，指借东西给别人，常与介词to连用 | I lent some money to Li Ming. 我借给李明一些钱。 |
keep | keep，指借阅或保留多长时间，常接“for+一段时间”，对时间提问用how long | How long may I keep the book? 这本书我可以借多久？ You may keep it for two weeks. 你可以借阅两个星期。 |
【强化训练】
( )1.--Hi, Bob! I’m going to the zoo tomorrow. Could I ______ your camera?
--Sorry, I ______ it to Peter this morning.
|
|
|
|
( )2.--Can you _______ me your bike?
--With pleasure. But you mustn’t ____ it to others.
|
|
|
|
( )3.Jack a pen to Jim last night.
|
|
|
|
( )4.--Could you _____ me your bike, Tom ?
-- OK. And you can _____ it for a week.
|
|
|
|
( )5.--Can I _____Robinson Crusoe? Mrs. Zhao!
--Sure, it’s very interesting, but you can only _____ it for two weeks.
|
|
|
|
( )6.--Could you please ________ me your notebook, Grace?
--Certainly. Here you are.
|
|
|
|
( )7.--How long may I ___________ these books?
--For a week.
|
|
|
|
( )8.Although you like the book, you may only ______ it for two weeks.
|
|
|
|
( )9.Could I __________ your bike. Mine is broken.
|
|
|
|
(4) bring—take“带”辨析
bring和take都可以用来表达物体从一个地方移动到另一个地方。但是，take和bring到底应该怎么区别呢？选择bring和take取决于说话者所处的位置。
带 | 用法说明 | 例句 |
bring | bring 意为“带来，取来”，指从别处把某人或某物带到或拿到说话者所在的地点来。也可说成“由远及近” | Eddie brings me some books. 埃迪给我带来了几本书。 |
take | take 意为“带走，取走”， 表示把某物或某人从说话的地方带到另一个地方去。也可说成“由近及远”， 经常和介词to搭配。 | Take him to the hospital now.把他现在带到医院去。 |
如图：
【试一试】
( )1. Please the photos to our classroom. Let us have a look.
A. bring B. take C. to bring D. to take
( )2.--Tom, you shouldn't your cat to school.
--Sorry, Mr.Green. I won't do that again. (2015甘肃嘉峪关六中期中)
A. take B. bring C. give D. get
( )3. Don't forget to your umbrella.
- take B. bring C. give D. get
( )4. I'll you home.
- take B. bring C. give D. to take
(5) hear—listen—sound“听”辨析
动词 “hear”，“listen”和“sound” 都可以描述 “听” 这个动作，但它们的用法却不同，所以不能互换使用。哪个词可以表达 “听音乐” 的 “听”？哪个词的意思是 “听到声音”，哪个词的意思是“听着、听起来”?
听 | 用法说明 | 例句 |
listen | listen做及物动词时，表示有意识地听、仔细听,强调的是听的动作。 listen用作不及物动词,后面需要加上介词to才能接人或物作宾语。 | Listen! Who's there? 听！谁在那？ You should listen to your parents. 你应该听你父母的话。 |
hear | hear可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词,意为“听见、听到”,但不一定是有意识地，往往强调听的结果。 hear 作为感官动词，表示无意识地“听见”，一般不用于进行时态。但如果它表示一种有意识的动作(如指“倾听”“听取”等)，则可用于进行时态，此时 hear 与 listen to 基本同义，有时可互换。 注：互换的场合多为宾语表示报告、演讲、讲课、音乐会等的名词。
| He heard something and woke up. 他听到了什么并起床了。
I can hear the air conditioning. 我可以听到空调的声音。
I can hear my boss calling me. 我能听到我的老板在叫我。
|
sound | sound指“听起来“，强调听的效果，往往后面要搭配形容词，即“听起来怎么样” | Sounds good.听起来不错。 |
✮ 总结：
“hear” 描述的是 “可以听到” 的能力，表示声音进入耳朵是无意识的动作，与这个人的意愿无关;
“listen” 强调有意识的 “去听，注意听”，或 “倾听”，后常接介词 “to”;
“sound” 可以表达 “听起来”，强调听的效果。
【强化训练】
( )1. --Let's go to the museum this weekend. --______good.
|
|
|
( )2. _______! My sister is singing now.
|
|
|
( )3. Sorry. I can't________you. Would you please say it again?
|
|
|
( )4. I like _______to Jay Chou’s songs very much. How about you?
|
|
|
( )5. --Can you_______what he is saying? --Sorry, I can't.
|
|
|
( )6. They are_______to the teacher carefully (认真地).
|
|
|
( )7. Listen! Can you_______the bird’s singing?
|
|
|
( )8. Lucy_____the teacher carefully every day, but today she can’t____anything.
|
|
|
(6) put on—wear—dress “穿”辨析
穿 | 用法说明 | 例句 |
put on | 穿上；戴上，强调动作，宾语可为服装、鞋、帽、眼镜等。 高频考点：put on是动词加副词结构，宾语是人称代词时，必须放在put和on之间；反义短语为take off脱下（动词加副词结构）。 | It's cold outside. Put on your coat, please./Here is your coat. Put it on, please. It's too hot. He takes off his coat. |
wear | wear穿；戴v. 强调状态, 宾语可为服装、鞋、帽、眼镜等。能用于进行时态。 | She wears a white skirt today.= She is wearing a white skirt today. 今天他穿着一件白色的裙子。 |
dress | dress 给…穿衣服(n.衣服, 连衣裙)表示穿的动作或状态，宾语通常是人。 高频考点： ①dress sb./oneself意为“给某人/某人自己穿衣服”；②dress up (as)意为“装扮(成)” ③dress up like“装扮得像” | She dressed his daughter and went out. He dressed up as a tiger. 他装扮成一只老虎。 Mulan dressed up like a boy.木兰女扮男装。 |
【强化训练】
( )1. When Tom was 3 years old, he could herself.
|
|
|
( )2. Most children are uniforms（校服） at school.
|
|
|
( )3. After hearing the news, he his coat and went out.
|
|
|
(7) spend—take—cost—pay “花费”辨析
花费 | 用法说明 | 例句 |
spend | “spend time/money on sth./(in) doing sth.”某人花费时间或金钱做.....（主语是人、时间、金钱） | He spends 5 hours doing homework. 他花五个小时做作业。 |
take | “It takes sb. +时间+to do sth.”做某事花掉某人多少钱 | It takes me 15 minutes to get to school. 我上学要花15分钟。 |
cost | “sth. cost sb. +金钱”某物花掉某人多少钱（主语是物） | The computer cost me 6000 yuan. 这个电脑花了我6000元。 |
pay | “sb. pay(钱) for sth.”某人为某物付多少钱（主语是人） | I paid 6000 yuan for the computer. |
解题技巧 |
| |
【强化训练】
( )1. I spent 199yuan my coat.
|
|
|
|
( )2. I spent two hours basketball.
|
|
|
|
( )3. It took me two hours basketball.
|
|
|
|
( )4. --How much did you on this book?
--20yuan.
|
|
|
|
( )5.--How much did you for this book?
--20yuan.
|
|
|
|
( )6.--How much did the book you?
--20yuan.
|
|
|
|
参考答案
一、实义动词
【辨析1】1. reads 2. look at 3. see 4. Look 5. watching 6. watching 7.see
8. look 9. look 10. see
【辨析2】1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.A
【辨析3】1-5ACBAC 6-9ACBC
【辨析4】1. A 2.B 3.A
1.解析： 根据句意， 请把照片带到我们教室来，我们看一看。
本题为祈使句，排除C,D, 由远及近，选bring,所以本题选A.
2.解析根据句意，school是目的地，所以应该是由远及近，选bring, 本题选B.
【辨析5】1-5 CBABA 6-8 CAC
【辨析6】CDD
【辨析7】1-5 ADBAB 6. D
解析：
1.前面是spent,故后面用介词on sth. 选A
2. 前面是spent, 故后面用ing形式。选D
3. 前面是took,故后面用 to play. 故选B
4. 后面有on, 故前面用spend. 选A
5. 后面有for, 故前面用pay. 选B
6. 主语是book,是物，故用cost. 选D
小升初英语语法专项精讲+精练——第9讲：数词（二）： 这是一份小升初英语语法专项精讲+精练——第9讲：数词（二），共7页。
小升初英语语法专项精讲+精练——第7讲：代词（二）： 这是一份小升初英语语法专项精讲+精练——第7讲：代词（二），共8页。
小升初英语语法专项精讲+精练——第5讲：冠词： 这是一份小升初英语语法专项精讲+精练——第5讲：冠词，共7页。
