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中考英语三轮冲刺教案6-形容词副词 阅读C篇 (含答案)
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这是一份中考英语三轮冲刺教案6-形容词副词 阅读C篇 (含答案)，共22页。教案主要包含了知识梳理，例题精讲，巩固练习等内容，欢迎下载使用。
中考冲刺辅导教案6
课程主题：形容词副词+C篇首字母
学习目标
1.掌握形容词，副词的语法特性，习惯用法和中考常见用法辨析
2. 掌握并能熟练应用形容词，副词的原级，比较级和最高级
3.掌握首字母技巧
教学内容
课前热身：
III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once. (将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空限填一词，每词只能填一次) （共8分）
A. woke up B. at a time C. at any time D. collected E. through
It was a dark day in Canada in 1998 when rain began to fall from the sky. However, this was not ordinary rain--it turned to ice as it fell 46 the cold air. It rained for six days, and as much as ten centimeters of ice 47 on roads, trees and power lines.
On 5tb January, the people of Montreal 48 to find they had no electricity in their homes. It was dark and cold. The roads were covered in ice, and it was very dangerous to walk or drive anywhere. Families had to stay inside and burn wood to keep warm. They expected the power to come back 49 .
However, the ice kept failing. It caused branches and whole trees to fail down. More power lines fell down, and the roads became even more dangerous.
A. terribly B. repaired C. army D. especially E. knives
By the third day, many families had no food to eat. It was a difficult time. The 50 sent over 14,000 soldiers to help.
Finally, after six days, the ice storm stopped, but the trouble was not over. The huge amount of ice made the whole area very dangerous. As the ice started to melt, it fell from the roofs of buildings and trees like 51 . Most of the power lines were so badly damaged that they could not be 52 .
Some families had no electricity for a whole month. Many homes were damaged and many people, 53 farmers, had to move away. The people of Canada will never forget how terrible nature can be. Everyone hopes that there will never be another ice storm like the one in 1998.
【答案】46. E 47. D 48. A 49. C 50. C 51. E 52. B 53. D
A girl was visiting her blonde friend, who had acquired two new dogs, and asked her what their names were.
一个女孩去拜访她的金发朋友，这个朋友最近养了两只“狗”，于是女孩问道：“它们叫什么名字呀？”
The blonde responded by saying that one was named Rolex and one was named Timex.
金发朋友说，一只叫Rolex，另一只叫Timex。
Her friend said, "Whoever heard of someone naming dogs like that?
女孩说：“哪有狗狗叫这个名字的。”
"HELLLOOOOOOO..." answered the blonde. "They're watch dogs!"
“那个……”金发朋友说。“他们是监视器！”
注：
watch dog：监视器
知识精讲：
知识点一、形容词
【知识梳理】
形容词：用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。
1、形容词的句法作用：作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。
2、形容词在句子中的位置：
1）作定语时放在名词的前面，且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。如：a big yellow wooden wheel（一个黄色的大木轮）
2）作表语时放在连系动词之后。如：The price sounds reasonable.
3）作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean.
4）后置的情况：
①修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如：Something serious has happened to him.
②与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。
如：He’s 1.8 metres tall.（他身高1.8米。）The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.
3、有关形容词的用法辨析：
1）whole与all：记住两个词序：① the whole ＋ 名词； ②all （of） the ＋ 名词。
如：He was busy the whole morning. / He can remember all the words he learns.
2）tall与high, short与low：指人的个子时用tall与short；指其他事物时一般用high与low。
如：He’s very tall/short. / Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.
/ A few people live on high mountains.
3）real与true：real一般指东西的真假，译为“真的”；而true则指事情或消息的可靠性，译为“真实的”。
如：This is a real diamond（钻石） and it’s very expensive / --Is that true?—Yes. I heard it with my own ears.
4）interested与interesting的区别：interesting指人或东西“有趣的”，作定语或表语，而interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的”，只能作表语。
如：The man is very interesting and all the children like him. / This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself. / I am interested in science.
5）such用法： such ＋ a（n） ＋ 名词（单数）（＋that从句）。如：I have never seen such a foolish（愚蠢的） boy. / He had such a terrible accident that he could never forget it.
6）good与well：表示“好”时，作定语或表语用good，作状语用well；表示“（身体）好”时用well.如：Doing sports is good for us. / Study well and make progress every day./ --How are you?—I am very well.
7）nice与fine：的区别：nice表示令人愉快的，可以指东西、人物外表等；fine一般指身体或天气好。如：Let’s go and share（分享） the nice cake. / She is a nice girl. / What a fine day! /He’s fine recently（最近）.
8）too much与much too：too much表示“太多的”，修饰事物数量；much too表示“太过，过分”，修饰形容词或副词。
如：I am full because I have had too much rice. / That coat is much too dear.
9）quick、fast与soon：quick与fast基本同义，quick往往指反应速度快，fast往往指运动速度快，而soon则表示时间上很快即将发生。
如：After a quick breakfast, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home. / A train is much faster than a bus. / His father will be back to China very soon.
10）lonely与alone：lonely是表示心理活动的形容词，意思是：“孤独的，寂寞的”，作定语或表语；alone的意思是：“独自的，单独的”，指无人陪伴，仅作表语，（作为副词的alone可作状语）。如：He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely./ He is a lonely person. You can not easily get on well with him.
11）other与else的区别：两个词都可以作形容词，但是用法不同，other放在名词前；else修饰不定代词、疑问词、little、much，后置，另外，or else表示“否则”，是连词。如：The other students are on the playground. / Who else can work out this maths problem?/ This is nobody else’s money. It’s mine. / Do you have anything else to say for yourself?
12）special与especial的区别：表示事件不同寻常、过分或特殊时，两个词可互换，但special较为常用。另外，special还可以表示特别的目的。如：She pays （e）special attention to clothes. / These are special chairs for small children.
13）gone、lost、missing的区别：gone表示“丢了，没了”，含一去不复返的意思，也可以表示“死了”，作表语或宾补，不可以作定语；lost表示“丢失”，含难以找回的意思，可作定语、表语或宾补；missing表示“失踪了，不见了”，强调某人物不在原处，可作定语、表语或宾补。如：My fever（高烧）is gone, but I still have a cough. / The parents found the lost child at last. / My dictionary is missing.Who’s taken it away? / For more detailed information（详情）of the missing girls, please visit our website.
14）living、alive、live、lively的区别：四个词都来源于动词live“生活、居住”。
living读[‘liviN]有三个意思：①“活着的、现存的”，作表语或定语，②“一模一样的、逼真的”，③相当于lively，意思是“强烈的、活泼的”；
live读[laiv]，指东西“活的”，可以替换为living；
alive读[[‘laiv]作表语，指人“活着的”，如果作定语，则放在名词的后面；
lively读[‘laivli]有三个意思：①有生气的、活泼的、快活的，②（色彩）鲜艳的，③生动的、真实的。
例如：A living language should be learned orally（口头上）.（被动句） / We have a living hope that you will succeed. / Is she still alive? / They are the happiest children alive. / This is a live fish. / A live wire（电线） is dangerous. / She is as lively as a kitten（小猫）. / He gave a lively description of the football match.
15）sick与ill区别：sick和ill都表示“生病的”，但是，sick可以做定语、表语，而ill只能做表语。
如：He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now. / Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets’ owners like them.
16）the poor（穷人们） / the rich（富人们）等用法：“the＋形容词”这一结构可以表示一类人物，复数含义。
如：We must try our best to help the poor. / The rich never know how the poor are living.
【例题精讲】
例1. The Huang He River is one of ________in China.
A. The long river B. the longest river
C. the longest rivers D. the longer river
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查形容词最高级。one of +最高级+名词复数，因此本题选择C.
例2. I don't think English is ________Chinese.
A. as important as B. not important as
C. not so important D. important as
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查as+adj+as的用法。not as/so....as 表示“不如”因此本题选择A。
【巩固练习】
1. Miss Gao is a good English teacher.The students in her class ________English.
A. are interested in B. are interesting in
C. are interested at D. are interesting to
【答案】A
2. The twins are together most of the time.So they never feel ________.
A. alone B. lonely C. happily D. friendly
【答案】B
知识点二、副词
【知识梳理】
副词：用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。
1、副词的分类：（见下表）
时 间 副 词
频度副词
地点/方位副词
程度副词
方式副词
疑问/连接副词
其他副词
today, tomorrow,
once,
here, there,
very, too,
well,
how,
too, also,
yesterday, now,
twice,
home, below,
enough,
hard,
where,
nor, so,
then, early, late,
always,
anywhere,
rather, quite,
alone,
when,
as, on,off,
once, soon, just,
usually,
above, outside,
how, so,
fast,
why,
either,
tonight, long,
often,
in, inside, out,
much, just,
together,
whether
yes, no,
already, yet, before,
sometimes,
back, up, down,
nearly, only
suddenly,
however, etc.
not, neither
ago, later, ever since
never,
away, off, far,
almost, hardly,
-ly结尾
关系副词
maybe,
after, whenever
（seldom）,
near, nearby,
as long as等,
的副词
where,
perhaps,
first, someday,
ever,
wherever
even, all,
why, how
certainly,
sometime, last,
everywhere,
a little, a bit
when,
2、副词在句子中的位置以及作用：
（1）作状语：
① 时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾，注意，early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾，already、just一般放在动词的前面。如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow. / They have already been to the UK twice. / Soon the lost boy found his way back home.
② 频度副词：一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间，但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾，usually可放在句首，once可放在句尾，twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如：Sometimes I get up early. / The workers usually have lunch at the factory./ Take this medicine twice a day.
③ 方式副词：一般放在行为动之后，suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如：Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave（山洞）.
④ 地点副词：一般放在句尾，但here、there还可放在句首。如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions（方向）.（在那里，你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动） / The frightened wolf ran away.（受到惊吓的狼逃开了）/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon.（他悄悄地走了出去，很快又返回）
⑤ 程度副词：修饰动词时，放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时，放在形容词或副词之前。但注意，enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；only位置比较灵活，总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again. / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears./ She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.
⑥ 疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问，位置总是在句首。如：When and where were you born?/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?（/ How do you do?
⑦ 连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，在从句中作状语。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question. / That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger. / He wondered how he could do it the next day.
⑧ 关系副词：用来引导定语从句，在从句中作状语。如：This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived. / Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.
⑨ 其它副词：too“也”，用在句尾；also放在动词前；either “也不”，放在句尾；nor“也不”，放在句首；so“如此，这样”，放在形容词、副词前；on/off“开/关”放在动词之后；not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首或动词之前。如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too. / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.（ / --Tom doesn’t have a computer. –Nor do I.
（2）作表语：地点副词一般可以作表语，放在be等连系动词之后，说明人物所处的位置。
如：I’m very sorry he isn’t in at the moment./ I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years./ Jim is over there.
（3）作定语：时间副词（如now、then）以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语，放在名词的后面。如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants. / Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.
（4）作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。
如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell! / Father kept him in and doing his lessons.
[注意] “动词＋副词”的宾语如果是代词，则该副词应该放在代词之后。如：He wrote down the word.→He wrote it down.
3、有关副词的重要注释：
（1）as…as…常构成一些词组：as soon as…（一旦…就…），as well as…（同样），as＋形容词/副词＋as possible（尽可能……地）。
如：Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing/ Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible.
[注释] “as long / much as ＋ 名词”可以表示“长达/多达…”的含义。
如：The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan. / They stayed in the cave（山洞）as long as two weeks.
（2）later、after、ago、before的用法：
①“一段时间＋later/ago”分别表示“（多久）以后/以前”，主要用于过去时态。
②“after/before＋某个时刻”分别表示“在某时刻之后/之前”，此时两个词是介词。
③ago与before：ago只能用于过去时，before用于完成时。
如：He had an accident a week ago. / Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer./ Have you been there before? / After a few years he gave up smoking.
（3）above、below、over、under的用法：在上下方用above和below，在高低处用over和under.
如：The stars are high above in the sky ./ A plane flew over quickly.
当above、below、over、under是介词性质时，意义相似。
（4）too、also、either、nor的用法：too（“也”）用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾，且用逗号隔开；also（“也”）用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前；either（“也”）用于否定句末尾，也用逗号隔开；nor（“也不”）用于倒装句句首；
如：Are you American,too? / He is not happy and I am not happy, either./ He didn’t watch the football game. Nor did I. / You can also find the market is very good.
enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法： enough （“足够，十分”）放在形容词或副词之后；too（“太”）、very（“非常”）、quite（“相当”）、so（“如此地”）等放在形容词或副词之前，very much（“非常”）放在动词之后。
如：It’s too/so/very/quite expensive. / I don’t like sweets very much.
[注意] very与 much的区别：very修饰形容词、副词的原级和现在分词形容词，much修饰形容词和副词的比较级；much还可以修饰疑问句和否定句中的动词，very不可以。
如：He is very stupid.（他很笨）/ The film was very moving and everyone swept. / You must work much harder or you will fail to enter the good school./ I don’t like him much.
（6）sometimes、sometime、some times、some time的用法：sometimes（有时）用于一般现在时、 sometime（在将来某时）用于将来时、 some times（数次）表示次数、some time（一些时间）表示一段时间。
如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.（他们有时徒步旅行到山里去）/ I will stay here some time./ I will meet your father sometime.
（7）how、what用于感叹句的用法：对句子中的形容词或副词感叹时用how，对人或事物（可能含有形容词作修饰语）进行感叹用what.
如：What a fine day （it is） today! / How difficult （the problem is）!
（8）already、yet的用法：在完成时中，already一般用于肯定句，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。如：Have you done it already? / I have not had my breakfast yet.
（9）hard与hardly的用法：hard作为副词意思是：“努力地，猛烈地”，hardly是否定词，意思是：“几乎不”，一般与情态动词can/could连用。
如：They study English very hard./ You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.
（10）like...very much、like...better（=prefer）、like...best的用法：三个短语分别表示“非常喜欢”、“更喜欢”、“最喜欢”。
如：I like baseball very much./ Do you like butter better than cheese?（ / They like hamburgers best.
（11）“quite/what＋a＋形容词＋名词”的用法：记住：①quite/such/what...＋a＋形容词＋名词；②too/so/how＋形容词＋a＋名词；③rather＋a＋形容词＋名词 = a＋ rather＋形容词＋名词。
如：I have never seen such a strange guy（家伙）. / It is quite a nice day for a walk.
（12）how 的几个短语：how often“多常，每隔多久”，用于一般时态，对表示频度的词语进行提问；how soon“多久以后”，用于将来时态；how long“多久”，用于过去时、完成时或其他时态；how many times“多少次”，用于过去时或完成时，对总计次数进行提问；how much“多么，多少”，对程度进行提问，也可以对数量（不可数）或金钱进行提问。
如：How long have you been like this?/ How often does he wash his face?
（13）much、more与most的用法：这三个词除了是形容词作名词的修饰语之外，还是程度副词，much表示“很”，修饰原级形/副，more表示“更”用来构成多音节形/副的比较级，most表示“最”用来构成多音节形/副的最高级。此外，much也可以修饰比较级形/副。
如：This park is much more beautiful than that one./ It is the most instructive film I have ever seen.
（14）no more、no longer、not...any more、no...any longer的用法：表示时间，可以用no longer、not...ny more、no...any longer，而且no longer只能放在谓语动词之前；表示程度，可以用no more、not...any more。
如：He no longer lived there. / Tom wanted no more cakes. / He didn’ t smoke any more/longer.
（15）被动语态中，方式副词一般放在be与谓语动词之间。
如：The runner was badly hurt.（赛跑运动员受了重伤） / English is widely spoken in the world today.（如今世界上英语说得很广泛）
（16）too...to...与so...that...的问题：副词too/so后面跟形容词或副词，to后面跟动词，that后面跟从句。Too...to... （“太……以致不……”）是否定的结构，用于简单句；so...that...（“如此……以致……”）是肯定结构，用于复合句。
如：The child is too young to join the army. / He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.
（17）既是形容词也是副词的单词有：early, late, long, last, next, first, near, enough, much, all, hard, alone, fast, slow, high, low, straight等等。
如：It was a long holiday./ He stayed there very long./ Think hard then you will find a way. / He is a very hard（难对付的） person.
（18）farther与further的用法区别：表示地点、方向或距离时两个词同义，意思为“更远、较远”，但是further还表示“更多、进一步、额外”等意思，此时不能换为farther.
如：They decided to go farther/further the next day./ This problem will be further discussed./ Every one of them had their further studies after they left college.
（19）rather与quite的用法区别：同very一样，两个词都表示形容词或副词的程度，quite表示“不到最高程度但是比预料的好”，rather比quite更接近very的含义，含有令人惊讶的意思。见下图对“nice”程度的描绘：
not nice （fairly）nice quite nice rather nice very nice
如：It’s quite a nice film.（这是部好片子）。（可能意味着不是一部最好的电影） / It’s rather a nice film.（这是部很不错的电影。）（意味着比大多数电影都好）
[注意]注意quite与rather后面的次序词序。
（20）maybe、possibly、perhaps的区别：maybe“可能、也许”，比另外两个词更不正式、更随便、可能性不大；possibly“可能地、或者、也许”，可能性较大，在否定句和疑问句中表示“无论如何”；perhaps“可能”，较为常用而且正式，可能性也不大。
如：You could put it over there, maybe. / I couldn’t possibly have finished such a long book in such a short time. / I thought perhaps it was the letter you have been expecting.
（21）most、mostly的区别：most作为形容词和名词时意思是“大多数的、大部分的”，作为副词时意思为“最，十分、很”；mostly仅为副词，意思为“主要地、多半地、大部分地”。
如：I was at home most of the time when I was free.Most children are naughty./ This is the most exciting part of the film./She is mostly out on Sundays.
（22）（be） worth、（be） worthy of的区别：worth一般被看作是介词，后面接名词或者动名词，用主动表示被动含义，还可以用副词well修饰；worthy of表示“值得的、配得上的”，后面跟动名词的被动形式。
如：What is worth doing at all is worth doing well/ The house is worth ￥300,000./ This book is well worth reading several times./ It is a thing worthy of being seen.
（23）almost、nearly的区别：两个词意思相近，都表示“几乎、将近”，大多数情况下可以互换，与否定词连用时用almost不用nearly. almost no 相当于hardly any（几乎没有）。
如：He had done almost nothing today. / We are almost/nearly there. / Almost nobody/Hardly anybody understood his words.
（24）a bit与a little的区别：这两个名词短语经常当作副词使用，修饰形容词或副词的原级或比较级，可以互换，语气比rather弱。
如：This digital camera is a bit（a little） expensive./ It is a little（a bit） colder than yesterday.
另外，a little可以直接加不可数名词，a bit 则采用“a bit ＋ of ＋名词（不可数或可数名词复数）”的形式。如：I have got a bit of a cold./ Go and get a little water for me, please.
[注意] not a bit（=not at all）意为“根本不”，而 not a little则意为“非常，不是一点”。
【例题精讲】
例1.When an earthquake happens, you should go outside as as possible.
A. quick B. quicker C. more quickly D. quickly
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查副词。go是动词，adv修饰动词，as+adj/adv原级+as，因此本题选择D.
例2. We feel proud that our country has developed ______ these years than before.
A. quickly B. more quickly C. most quickly D. the most quickly
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查副词比较级。than 是比较级，develop是动词，用副词修饰，因此本题选择B.
【巩固练习】
1. The air in Beijing is too ________ polluted for people to breathe. (serious)
【答案】seriously
2. It’s____________ dangerous to tell your personal information to a stranger online.(extreme）
【答案】extremely
知识点三、首字母
【知识梳理】
1. 总述
首字母填空既考查学生对语法、词汇、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，也考查了学生对文章的阅读理解能力。其中，着重考查学生在具体的语境中运用语言知识的能力，根据文章内容进行合理的逻辑推断和分析概括的能力。一般来讲，在考试中，七个首字母，会涉及到不同词性。以名词、动词、形容词和副词为主，虚词为辅。
2. 解题技巧
（1） 通读全文，了解大意
通读全文的目的是能够做到整体把握文章，迅速的了解文章大意，并且对文章的整体结构和中心思想有一个基本的了解。通读全文时，不宜看一空填一空，以免造成所填答案不符合全文的要求。
（2） 把握段首句
中考的首字母往往以议论文为主，而段落的开首句，往往揭示了整段的段意。因此在考试中，把握好段首句，可以窥探到整段的全貌，以首句的时态，意义为立足点，可以方便我们判断整段的大意及主题。
（3） 抓住关键词
文章的展开是按照一定的逻辑关系的，因此在文章中，作者也会使用一些关键的表现逻辑关系联词，例如：but、so、in addition等。这些关键词，可以帮助我们联系上下文展开合理的逻辑分析，了解所提问的特定语境和语篇的内在关系。
（4） 熟悉考纲词组的固定搭配
考纲搭配在中考的考查中占据了重要的位置，而在首字母中，也出现过直接考查固定搭配的情况，因此，在平时的学习过程中，需要巩固好考纲词组。
（5） 联系上下文解题
在解题过程中，应当遵循“先易后难”的原则，当遇到解不出的题时，应当跳过。首字母填空着重考查学生对上下文的理解，因此，很多情况下，随着下文的展开和文章的深入，前面填不出的词，在下文中会有提示。因此，学生在作答时，应当加强联系前后文，充分利用上下文中的有效信息，确定答案。
（6） 重读文章，检验答案
当全部答完后，一定要把文章重新读一遍。查看文章是否通顺，语法是否有误。如果发现有不顺畅的地方，则需要再进行推敲。个别单词的形式要着重注意。例如：动词的时态，名词的单复数以及形容词副词的级。
【例题精讲】
例1.
About twenty of us had been lucky enough to receive invitations to a film-studio to take part in a crowd-scene（群众演员）. Although our “act” would (81)l_______ only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things.
We all stood at the far end of the studio just (82)a_______ workmen prepared the scene, setting up trees at the edge（边缘）of a winding path. Very soon, bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was wheeled into position...... (83)E_______ was ready for the film with their effort. The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby. Since it was hot in the studio, we were (84)s________ to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path. A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers（羽毛）down on him, and soon the trees were covered in (85)“s________”. Two more big fans were turned on, and a “strong wind” blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.
The next scene was a complete contrast（对比，反差）. The way it was filmed was quite (86)u_______. Pictures in front taken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screeen. An actor and an actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if（仿佛）they were at the water’s edge on an island, breathing the fresh air from the sea. By a simple trick like this, palm trees, sandy beaches, and blue, clear skies had been (87)b________ into the studio! We were lost in such a fantastic situation.
81.l_______ 82.a_______ 83.E_______ 84.s_______ 85.s_______ 86. u_________ 87.b________
【答案】81.last 82.as 83.Everything 84.surprised 85.snow 86.unusual 87.brought
【分析】
81.根据句子成分，此处缺动词。其次根据句意“尽管我们的表演将持续仅很短的时间，但是我们还是能看到许多有趣的事物”所以此处填last
82.根据句子成分，此处缺连接词，其次根据句意“我们都站在摄影棚的另一端当工作人员准备场景的时候”，此处填as
83.根据句子成分，此处缺代词，“前面bright lights，big movie-camera都是东西，所以后面是为电影准备好每样东西”，因此此处填Everything
84.根据句子成分，此处缺形容词，其次根据句意“由于摄影棚很热，但是我们惊奇地看到期中一个演员穿上厚的外套”，所以此处填surprised
85.根据句子成分，此处缺名词，“前面说吹小的白色羽毛，后面和雪是相似的”，所以此处填snow
86.根据句子成分，此处缺形容词，根据句意“第二个场景是一个完全的对比，它拍摄的方式是不同寻常的”
87.根据句子成分，此处缺动词，且被动语态，be done，根据句意“通过这样一个简单的技巧，棕榈树，沙滩，蓝色，晴朗的天空已经被带到了摄影棚！”
例2.
Do you have bright ideas? Ideas for inventions that change the world or, at least, make life
easier for somebody?(81) P______ we all do sometimes, but we don’t often make the idea a real thing. Recently, there was a competition in a country, which encouraged young people to make their bright ideas come true. There were two (82) g______ in the contest: Group A was for school children under 16; Group B was for those over 16. And there were eleven prize-winners altogether.
Neil Hunt, one of the prize-winners, was (83)c______ “Sunshine Superman” by one newspaper writing about his design. When people study the weather, it’s important to be able to record the sunshine accurately（精确地）. We need to know how many (84)h_____ of sunshine we have and how strong it is. Most sunshine recorders (85) o______ record direct sunshine. Neil’s is more accurate and this is very important for research into ways of (86)u_____ solar power（太阳能）. Neil plans to keep inventing.
The ideas in the competition were so (87)g_____ that we are surprised that the industry (工业界) doesn’t ask more school children for suggestions.
【答案】 81. Perhaps/Probably 82. groups 83. called 84. hours 85. only 86. using 87. great/good
【分析】
81.根据句子成分，此处缺副词。其次根据句意“也许我们都有这样做的时候，但我们并不经常使想法成真。”，所以是也许，填Perhaps/Probably。
82.根据句子成分，此处缺名词，根据句意“比赛分为两组:A组为16岁以下学龄儿童;B组是16岁以上的。”，所以是小组，填groups。
83.根据句子成分，此处缺动词，根据句意“尼尔·亨特(Neil Hunt)是该奖项的得主之一，一家报纸在报道他的设计时称他为“阳光超人”。”，所以是称作，填called。
84.根据句子成分，此处缺名词，再根据句意“我们需要知道我们有多少小时的阳光，阳光有多强。”，所以小时，填hours。
85.根据句子成分，此处缺副词，再根据句意“大多数日照记录仪只记录直射阳光。”，应该是仅仅，填only。
86.根据句子成分，此处缺动词，再根据句意“尼尔的数据更准确，这对研究利用太阳能的方法非常重要。”，应该是使用，填using。
87.根据句子成分，此处缺形容词，再根据句意“竞争中的创意如此之好，以至于让我们感到惊讶的是，这个行业并没有向更多的学生征求建议。”，应该是好的，伟大的，填good/great。
【巩固练习】
A Student Budget(预算)
College is an exciting time to learn and to make friends that will last a lifetime. Many students do not like to worry about money, and they would rather not think about it. But, it doesn’t matter whether a student’s parents pay for everything, or whether the student works part-time to help pay for his or her education. All students can get into money t 81 if they’re not careful.
The cost of a college education can be quite expensive. In English-speaking countries, the a 82 cost per student per year is well over US$10,000. Students must also pay for books, paper, pens, and etc. T 83 can cost $500 to $1,000 per year. Students who live in university housing pay thousands more per year for room and board. Add money for clothes, travel, and other personal expenses, and the cost of one year at a university can be $20,000 to $30,000 or more.
Students need to spend their money c 84 . At most universities, advisors can give students advice on how to budget their money. They s 85 this: at the start of a school term, write down your income; for example, money you will get from your family or a part-time job. Then, list all of your expenses. Put your expenses into two groups: those that change (food, phone, books, travel), and those that will stay the s 86 (tuition, room and board). Add together all of your expenses. Are they more than your income? Do you have enough money, or do you need more?
Learning not to spend more money than you have is not always easy. But for many, it is
e 87 than borrowing money from family or friends.
【答案】81. trouble 82. average 83. These 84. carefully 85. suggest 86. same 87. easier
2. Libraries give kids a quiet and safe place to read and to learn. For more than 100 years, libraries have played an important role in Americans’ e 81 . But how are these book-filled buildings changing with the times? You may be surprised to find out.
Benjamin Franklin famously founded America’s first lending library in 1731. But the public library system got its b 82 development in the American history in the late 1800’s. Businessman Andrew Carnegie donated (捐赠) millions of dollars to help build free public libraries across the country. Between 1886 and 1919, Carnegie’s donations helped build 1,679 new libraries.
Carnegie believed in the chances that libraries could o 83 Americans, young and old. He knew that the more libraries there were, the more people would have access（接触的机会） to books, lectures, news and more.
Chances are that there is a public library in or near your c 84 . You can easily find one close to your home. After all, the United States has 9,225 public libraries. Today, libraries keep growing. Seven out of ten libraries have free Internet. This opens many doors for people who cannot go online at home,
i 85 the opportunity to apply for jobs online.
Libraries are also teaching kids about the fun of reading. The new program Read! Build! Play! adds reading into playtime. As kids listen to a book being read aloud, they use Legos (乐高积木) to build images from the story h 86 . Today’s libraries are always looking for creative programs to bring people into the library.
Benjamin Franklin once said, “The doors of wisdom are never s 87 .” As long as the doors of public libraries are open, what he said is most certainly correct!
【答案】81.education 82.biggest 83.offer 84. community 85.including 86.happily 87. shut
当堂一测：
1.This kind of beef from India tastes _________. We don’t like it at all.（静安）
A) delicious B) good C) well D) awful
2. In her opinion, short-term memory doesn’t work as ______ as long-term memory. （静安）
A) well B) good C) better D) best
3. The road near my home has been rebuilt. It’s much and noisier.（普陀）
A) wide B) wider C) widest D) the widest
4. “You look in this new dress.” Tom said to Sally. （崇明）
A) lovely B) beautifully C) happily D) quietly
5. --- Hey, why are you running so__________?（奉贤）
--- I’m afraid I’ll be late for school.
A) quietly B) hard C) fast D) carefully
6. Steven finished the science test __________ in our class yesterday. （奉贤）
A) quickly B) more quickly
C) quickliest D) most quickly
【答案】DABACD
7. Martin helped the little girl out of a car accident, but he was _______ wounded instead. (serious) （静安）
8. It’s amazing to see these local people wear their _______ hats and skirts in festivals. (tradition) （静安）
9. It rained so hard that the road was covered by water soon. (complete) （普陀）
10. Jason is too busy , so it’s for him to go to the concert with us tonight.（possible）（崇明）
11. The teachers are correcting our exercises __________ in the office. (busy) （奉贤）
12. The secrets about the singer are ________ spread among the young fans. (wide) （虹口）
【答案】seriously;traditional;completely;impossible;busily;widely
Positive(积极的) people are usually happy. They often have a lot of friends. When they have a problem, they try to change the problem i 81 a chance. They believe things always work out. But can positive thinking really make someone’s life better? Many scientists are studying positive thinking. They are finding out some very interesting information.
Your Health
The Mayo Clinic is a famous medical organization in the United States. It studies many things, including positive thinking. Their research proves that positive thinking has many advantages. First, positive thinking s 82 good health. Positive people don’t worry about the bad events in life, so they stay healthy. Positive people are a 83 likely to exercise and eat healthy foods. Because of this, they don’t usually get sick and don’t have many health problems.
At work
Dr.Michael is a professor in Germany. His research shows that positive people do well in jobs. There are several reasons for this. Positive people are creative. They don’t expect o 84 to help them with problems. They solve problems themselves. And positive people don’t give up. They keep trying to learn new things.
Becoming Positive
In the past, scientists thought attitude n 85 changed. Now, many psychologists think people can become more positive. There are many different ways to change. Here are some examples. First, think about good events in your life. At the end of a day, ask, “What good things happened to me today?”Think about these things for a few minutes. Second, find interesting a 86 to do. Laugh at a funny movie or read a good book. Finally, always try new things. For example, you can talk to people you don’t know or shop in a different store. Do different things every day.
A Good Life
Life can be d 87 sometimes. Don’t give up or be negative. Take action. Think about the future and make a plan. You can learn to be positive.
【答案】81—87 into, supports , also/always, others, never, activities, difficult
中考冲刺辅导教案6
课程主题：形容词副词+C篇首字母
学习目标
1.掌握形容词，副词的语法特性，习惯用法和中考常见用法辨析
2. 掌握并能熟练应用形容词，副词的原级，比较级和最高级
3.掌握首字母技巧
教学内容
课前热身：
III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once. (将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空限填一词，每词只能填一次) （共8分）
A. woke up B. at a time C. at any time D. collected E. through
It was a dark day in Canada in 1998 when rain began to fall from the sky. However, this was not ordinary rain--it turned to ice as it fell 46 the cold air. It rained for six days, and as much as ten centimeters of ice 47 on roads, trees and power lines.
On 5tb January, the people of Montreal 48 to find they had no electricity in their homes. It was dark and cold. The roads were covered in ice, and it was very dangerous to walk or drive anywhere. Families had to stay inside and burn wood to keep warm. They expected the power to come back 49 .
However, the ice kept failing. It caused branches and whole trees to fail down. More power lines fell down, and the roads became even more dangerous.
A. terribly B. repaired C. army D. especially E. knives
By the third day, many families had no food to eat. It was a difficult time. The 50 sent over 14,000 soldiers to help.
Finally, after six days, the ice storm stopped, but the trouble was not over. The huge amount of ice made the whole area very dangerous. As the ice started to melt, it fell from the roofs of buildings and trees like 51 . Most of the power lines were so badly damaged that they could not be 52 .
Some families had no electricity for a whole month. Many homes were damaged and many people, 53 farmers, had to move away. The people of Canada will never forget how terrible nature can be. Everyone hopes that there will never be another ice storm like the one in 1998.
【答案】46. E 47. D 48. A 49. C 50. C 51. E 52. B 53. D
A girl was visiting her blonde friend, who had acquired two new dogs, and asked her what their names were.
一个女孩去拜访她的金发朋友，这个朋友最近养了两只“狗”，于是女孩问道：“它们叫什么名字呀？”
The blonde responded by saying that one was named Rolex and one was named Timex.
金发朋友说，一只叫Rolex，另一只叫Timex。
Her friend said, "Whoever heard of someone naming dogs like that?
女孩说：“哪有狗狗叫这个名字的。”
"HELLLOOOOOOO..." answered the blonde. "They're watch dogs!"
“那个……”金发朋友说。“他们是监视器！”
注：
watch dog：监视器
知识精讲：
知识点一、形容词
【知识梳理】
形容词：用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。
1、形容词的句法作用：作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。
2、形容词在句子中的位置：
1）作定语时放在名词的前面，且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。如：a big yellow wooden wheel（一个黄色的大木轮）
2）作表语时放在连系动词之后。如：The price sounds reasonable.
3）作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean.
4）后置的情况：
①修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如：Something serious has happened to him.
②与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。
如：He’s 1.8 metres tall.（他身高1.8米。）The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.
3、有关形容词的用法辨析：
1）whole与all：记住两个词序：① the whole ＋ 名词； ②all （of） the ＋ 名词。
如：He was busy the whole morning. / He can remember all the words he learns.
2）tall与high, short与low：指人的个子时用tall与short；指其他事物时一般用high与low。
如：He’s very tall/short. / Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.
/ A few people live on high mountains.
3）real与true：real一般指东西的真假，译为“真的”；而true则指事情或消息的可靠性，译为“真实的”。
如：This is a real diamond（钻石） and it’s very expensive / --Is that true?—Yes. I heard it with my own ears.
4）interested与interesting的区别：interesting指人或东西“有趣的”，作定语或表语，而interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的”，只能作表语。
如：The man is very interesting and all the children like him. / This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself. / I am interested in science.
5）such用法： such ＋ a（n） ＋ 名词（单数）（＋that从句）。如：I have never seen such a foolish（愚蠢的） boy. / He had such a terrible accident that he could never forget it.
6）good与well：表示“好”时，作定语或表语用good，作状语用well；表示“（身体）好”时用well.如：Doing sports is good for us. / Study well and make progress every day./ --How are you?—I am very well.
7）nice与fine：的区别：nice表示令人愉快的，可以指东西、人物外表等；fine一般指身体或天气好。如：Let’s go and share（分享） the nice cake. / She is a nice girl. / What a fine day! /He’s fine recently（最近）.
8）too much与much too：too much表示“太多的”，修饰事物数量；much too表示“太过，过分”，修饰形容词或副词。
如：I am full because I have had too much rice. / That coat is much too dear.
9）quick、fast与soon：quick与fast基本同义，quick往往指反应速度快，fast往往指运动速度快，而soon则表示时间上很快即将发生。
如：After a quick breakfast, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home. / A train is much faster than a bus. / His father will be back to China very soon.
10）lonely与alone：lonely是表示心理活动的形容词，意思是：“孤独的，寂寞的”，作定语或表语；alone的意思是：“独自的，单独的”，指无人陪伴，仅作表语，（作为副词的alone可作状语）。如：He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely./ He is a lonely person. You can not easily get on well with him.
11）other与else的区别：两个词都可以作形容词，但是用法不同，other放在名词前；else修饰不定代词、疑问词、little、much，后置，另外，or else表示“否则”，是连词。如：The other students are on the playground. / Who else can work out this maths problem?/ This is nobody else’s money. It’s mine. / Do you have anything else to say for yourself?
12）special与especial的区别：表示事件不同寻常、过分或特殊时，两个词可互换，但special较为常用。另外，special还可以表示特别的目的。如：She pays （e）special attention to clothes. / These are special chairs for small children.
13）gone、lost、missing的区别：gone表示“丢了，没了”，含一去不复返的意思，也可以表示“死了”，作表语或宾补，不可以作定语；lost表示“丢失”，含难以找回的意思，可作定语、表语或宾补；missing表示“失踪了，不见了”，强调某人物不在原处，可作定语、表语或宾补。如：My fever（高烧）is gone, but I still have a cough. / The parents found the lost child at last. / My dictionary is missing.Who’s taken it away? / For more detailed information（详情）of the missing girls, please visit our website.
14）living、alive、live、lively的区别：四个词都来源于动词live“生活、居住”。
living读[‘liviN]有三个意思：①“活着的、现存的”，作表语或定语，②“一模一样的、逼真的”，③相当于lively，意思是“强烈的、活泼的”；
live读[laiv]，指东西“活的”，可以替换为living；
alive读[[‘laiv]作表语，指人“活着的”，如果作定语，则放在名词的后面；
lively读[‘laivli]有三个意思：①有生气的、活泼的、快活的，②（色彩）鲜艳的，③生动的、真实的。
例如：A living language should be learned orally（口头上）.（被动句） / We have a living hope that you will succeed. / Is she still alive? / They are the happiest children alive. / This is a live fish. / A live wire（电线） is dangerous. / She is as lively as a kitten（小猫）. / He gave a lively description of the football match.
15）sick与ill区别：sick和ill都表示“生病的”，但是，sick可以做定语、表语，而ill只能做表语。
如：He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now. / Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets’ owners like them.
16）the poor（穷人们） / the rich（富人们）等用法：“the＋形容词”这一结构可以表示一类人物，复数含义。
如：We must try our best to help the poor. / The rich never know how the poor are living.
【例题精讲】
例1. The Huang He River is one of ________in China.
A. The long river B. the longest river
C. the longest rivers D. the longer river
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查形容词最高级。one of +最高级+名词复数，因此本题选择C.
例2. I don't think English is ________Chinese.
A. as important as B. not important as
C. not so important D. important as
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查as+adj+as的用法。not as/so....as 表示“不如”因此本题选择A。
【巩固练习】
1. Miss Gao is a good English teacher.The students in her class ________English.
A. are interested in B. are interesting in
C. are interested at D. are interesting to
【答案】A
2. The twins are together most of the time.So they never feel ________.
A. alone B. lonely C. happily D. friendly
【答案】B
知识点二、副词
【知识梳理】
副词：用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。
1、副词的分类：（见下表）
时 间 副 词
频度副词
地点/方位副词
程度副词
方式副词
疑问/连接副词
其他副词
today, tomorrow,
once,
here, there,
very, too,
well,
how,
too, also,
yesterday, now,
twice,
home, below,
enough,
hard,
where,
nor, so,
then, early, late,
always,
anywhere,
rather, quite,
alone,
when,
as, on,off,
once, soon, just,
usually,
above, outside,
how, so,
fast,
why,
either,
tonight, long,
often,
in, inside, out,
much, just,
together,
whether
yes, no,
already, yet, before,
sometimes,
back, up, down,
nearly, only
suddenly,
however, etc.
not, neither
ago, later, ever since
never,
away, off, far,
almost, hardly,
-ly结尾
关系副词
maybe,
after, whenever
（seldom）,
near, nearby,
as long as等,
的副词
where,
perhaps,
first, someday,
ever,
wherever
even, all,
why, how
certainly,
sometime, last,
everywhere,
a little, a bit
when,
2、副词在句子中的位置以及作用：
（1）作状语：
① 时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾，注意，early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾，already、just一般放在动词的前面。如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow. / They have already been to the UK twice. / Soon the lost boy found his way back home.
② 频度副词：一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间，但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾，usually可放在句首，once可放在句尾，twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如：Sometimes I get up early. / The workers usually have lunch at the factory./ Take this medicine twice a day.
③ 方式副词：一般放在行为动之后，suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如：Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave（山洞）.
④ 地点副词：一般放在句尾，但here、there还可放在句首。如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions（方向）.（在那里，你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动） / The frightened wolf ran away.（受到惊吓的狼逃开了）/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon.（他悄悄地走了出去，很快又返回）
⑤ 程度副词：修饰动词时，放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时，放在形容词或副词之前。但注意，enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；only位置比较灵活，总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again. / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears./ She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.
⑥ 疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问，位置总是在句首。如：When and where were you born?/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?（/ How do you do?
⑦ 连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，在从句中作状语。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question. / That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger. / He wondered how he could do it the next day.
⑧ 关系副词：用来引导定语从句，在从句中作状语。如：This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived. / Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.
⑨ 其它副词：too“也”，用在句尾；also放在动词前；either “也不”，放在句尾；nor“也不”，放在句首；so“如此，这样”，放在形容词、副词前；on/off“开/关”放在动词之后；not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首或动词之前。如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too. / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.（ / --Tom doesn’t have a computer. –Nor do I.
（2）作表语：地点副词一般可以作表语，放在be等连系动词之后，说明人物所处的位置。
如：I’m very sorry he isn’t in at the moment./ I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years./ Jim is over there.
（3）作定语：时间副词（如now、then）以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语，放在名词的后面。如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants. / Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.
（4）作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。
如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell! / Father kept him in and doing his lessons.
[注意] “动词＋副词”的宾语如果是代词，则该副词应该放在代词之后。如：He wrote down the word.→He wrote it down.
3、有关副词的重要注释：
（1）as…as…常构成一些词组：as soon as…（一旦…就…），as well as…（同样），as＋形容词/副词＋as possible（尽可能……地）。
如：Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing/ Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible.
[注释] “as long / much as ＋ 名词”可以表示“长达/多达…”的含义。
如：The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan. / They stayed in the cave（山洞）as long as two weeks.
（2）later、after、ago、before的用法：
①“一段时间＋later/ago”分别表示“（多久）以后/以前”，主要用于过去时态。
②“after/before＋某个时刻”分别表示“在某时刻之后/之前”，此时两个词是介词。
③ago与before：ago只能用于过去时，before用于完成时。
如：He had an accident a week ago. / Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer./ Have you been there before? / After a few years he gave up smoking.
（3）above、below、over、under的用法：在上下方用above和below，在高低处用over和under.
如：The stars are high above in the sky ./ A plane flew over quickly.
当above、below、over、under是介词性质时，意义相似。
（4）too、also、either、nor的用法：too（“也”）用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾，且用逗号隔开；also（“也”）用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前；either（“也”）用于否定句末尾，也用逗号隔开；nor（“也不”）用于倒装句句首；
如：Are you American,too? / He is not happy and I am not happy, either./ He didn’t watch the football game. Nor did I. / You can also find the market is very good.
enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法： enough （“足够，十分”）放在形容词或副词之后；too（“太”）、very（“非常”）、quite（“相当”）、so（“如此地”）等放在形容词或副词之前，very much（“非常”）放在动词之后。
如：It’s too/so/very/quite expensive. / I don’t like sweets very much.
[注意] very与 much的区别：very修饰形容词、副词的原级和现在分词形容词，much修饰形容词和副词的比较级；much还可以修饰疑问句和否定句中的动词，very不可以。
如：He is very stupid.（他很笨）/ The film was very moving and everyone swept. / You must work much harder or you will fail to enter the good school./ I don’t like him much.
（6）sometimes、sometime、some times、some time的用法：sometimes（有时）用于一般现在时、 sometime（在将来某时）用于将来时、 some times（数次）表示次数、some time（一些时间）表示一段时间。
如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.（他们有时徒步旅行到山里去）/ I will stay here some time./ I will meet your father sometime.
（7）how、what用于感叹句的用法：对句子中的形容词或副词感叹时用how，对人或事物（可能含有形容词作修饰语）进行感叹用what.
如：What a fine day （it is） today! / How difficult （the problem is）!
（8）already、yet的用法：在完成时中，already一般用于肯定句，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。如：Have you done it already? / I have not had my breakfast yet.
（9）hard与hardly的用法：hard作为副词意思是：“努力地，猛烈地”，hardly是否定词，意思是：“几乎不”，一般与情态动词can/could连用。
如：They study English very hard./ You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.
（10）like...very much、like...better（=prefer）、like...best的用法：三个短语分别表示“非常喜欢”、“更喜欢”、“最喜欢”。
如：I like baseball very much./ Do you like butter better than cheese?（ / They like hamburgers best.
（11）“quite/what＋a＋形容词＋名词”的用法：记住：①quite/such/what...＋a＋形容词＋名词；②too/so/how＋形容词＋a＋名词；③rather＋a＋形容词＋名词 = a＋ rather＋形容词＋名词。
如：I have never seen such a strange guy（家伙）. / It is quite a nice day for a walk.
（12）how 的几个短语：how often“多常，每隔多久”，用于一般时态，对表示频度的词语进行提问；how soon“多久以后”，用于将来时态；how long“多久”，用于过去时、完成时或其他时态；how many times“多少次”，用于过去时或完成时，对总计次数进行提问；how much“多么，多少”，对程度进行提问，也可以对数量（不可数）或金钱进行提问。
如：How long have you been like this?/ How often does he wash his face?
（13）much、more与most的用法：这三个词除了是形容词作名词的修饰语之外，还是程度副词，much表示“很”，修饰原级形/副，more表示“更”用来构成多音节形/副的比较级，most表示“最”用来构成多音节形/副的最高级。此外，much也可以修饰比较级形/副。
如：This park is much more beautiful than that one./ It is the most instructive film I have ever seen.
（14）no more、no longer、not...any more、no...any longer的用法：表示时间，可以用no longer、not...ny more、no...any longer，而且no longer只能放在谓语动词之前；表示程度，可以用no more、not...any more。
如：He no longer lived there. / Tom wanted no more cakes. / He didn’ t smoke any more/longer.
（15）被动语态中，方式副词一般放在be与谓语动词之间。
如：The runner was badly hurt.（赛跑运动员受了重伤） / English is widely spoken in the world today.（如今世界上英语说得很广泛）
（16）too...to...与so...that...的问题：副词too/so后面跟形容词或副词，to后面跟动词，that后面跟从句。Too...to... （“太……以致不……”）是否定的结构，用于简单句；so...that...（“如此……以致……”）是肯定结构，用于复合句。
如：The child is too young to join the army. / He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.
（17）既是形容词也是副词的单词有：early, late, long, last, next, first, near, enough, much, all, hard, alone, fast, slow, high, low, straight等等。
如：It was a long holiday./ He stayed there very long./ Think hard then you will find a way. / He is a very hard（难对付的） person.
（18）farther与further的用法区别：表示地点、方向或距离时两个词同义，意思为“更远、较远”，但是further还表示“更多、进一步、额外”等意思，此时不能换为farther.
如：They decided to go farther/further the next day./ This problem will be further discussed./ Every one of them had their further studies after they left college.
（19）rather与quite的用法区别：同very一样，两个词都表示形容词或副词的程度，quite表示“不到最高程度但是比预料的好”，rather比quite更接近very的含义，含有令人惊讶的意思。见下图对“nice”程度的描绘：
not nice （fairly）nice quite nice rather nice very nice
如：It’s quite a nice film.（这是部好片子）。（可能意味着不是一部最好的电影） / It’s rather a nice film.（这是部很不错的电影。）（意味着比大多数电影都好）
[注意]注意quite与rather后面的次序词序。
（20）maybe、possibly、perhaps的区别：maybe“可能、也许”，比另外两个词更不正式、更随便、可能性不大；possibly“可能地、或者、也许”，可能性较大，在否定句和疑问句中表示“无论如何”；perhaps“可能”，较为常用而且正式，可能性也不大。
如：You could put it over there, maybe. / I couldn’t possibly have finished such a long book in such a short time. / I thought perhaps it was the letter you have been expecting.
（21）most、mostly的区别：most作为形容词和名词时意思是“大多数的、大部分的”，作为副词时意思为“最，十分、很”；mostly仅为副词，意思为“主要地、多半地、大部分地”。
如：I was at home most of the time when I was free.Most children are naughty./ This is the most exciting part of the film./She is mostly out on Sundays.
（22）（be） worth、（be） worthy of的区别：worth一般被看作是介词，后面接名词或者动名词，用主动表示被动含义，还可以用副词well修饰；worthy of表示“值得的、配得上的”，后面跟动名词的被动形式。
如：What is worth doing at all is worth doing well/ The house is worth ￥300,000./ This book is well worth reading several times./ It is a thing worthy of being seen.
（23）almost、nearly的区别：两个词意思相近，都表示“几乎、将近”，大多数情况下可以互换，与否定词连用时用almost不用nearly. almost no 相当于hardly any（几乎没有）。
如：He had done almost nothing today. / We are almost/nearly there. / Almost nobody/Hardly anybody understood his words.
（24）a bit与a little的区别：这两个名词短语经常当作副词使用，修饰形容词或副词的原级或比较级，可以互换，语气比rather弱。
如：This digital camera is a bit（a little） expensive./ It is a little（a bit） colder than yesterday.
另外，a little可以直接加不可数名词，a bit 则采用“a bit ＋ of ＋名词（不可数或可数名词复数）”的形式。如：I have got a bit of a cold./ Go and get a little water for me, please.
[注意] not a bit（=not at all）意为“根本不”，而 not a little则意为“非常，不是一点”。
【例题精讲】
例1.When an earthquake happens, you should go outside as as possible.
A. quick B. quicker C. more quickly D. quickly
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查副词。go是动词，adv修饰动词，as+adj/adv原级+as，因此本题选择D.
例2. We feel proud that our country has developed ______ these years than before.
A. quickly B. more quickly C. most quickly D. the most quickly
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查副词比较级。than 是比较级，develop是动词，用副词修饰，因此本题选择B.
【巩固练习】
1. The air in Beijing is too ________ polluted for people to breathe. (serious)
【答案】seriously
2. It’s____________ dangerous to tell your personal information to a stranger online.(extreme）
【答案】extremely
知识点三、首字母
【知识梳理】
1. 总述
首字母填空既考查学生对语法、词汇、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，也考查了学生对文章的阅读理解能力。其中，着重考查学生在具体的语境中运用语言知识的能力，根据文章内容进行合理的逻辑推断和分析概括的能力。一般来讲，在考试中，七个首字母，会涉及到不同词性。以名词、动词、形容词和副词为主，虚词为辅。
2. 解题技巧
（1） 通读全文，了解大意
通读全文的目的是能够做到整体把握文章，迅速的了解文章大意，并且对文章的整体结构和中心思想有一个基本的了解。通读全文时，不宜看一空填一空，以免造成所填答案不符合全文的要求。
（2） 把握段首句
中考的首字母往往以议论文为主，而段落的开首句，往往揭示了整段的段意。因此在考试中，把握好段首句，可以窥探到整段的全貌，以首句的时态，意义为立足点，可以方便我们判断整段的大意及主题。
（3） 抓住关键词
文章的展开是按照一定的逻辑关系的，因此在文章中，作者也会使用一些关键的表现逻辑关系联词，例如：but、so、in addition等。这些关键词，可以帮助我们联系上下文展开合理的逻辑分析，了解所提问的特定语境和语篇的内在关系。
（4） 熟悉考纲词组的固定搭配
考纲搭配在中考的考查中占据了重要的位置，而在首字母中，也出现过直接考查固定搭配的情况，因此，在平时的学习过程中，需要巩固好考纲词组。
（5） 联系上下文解题
在解题过程中，应当遵循“先易后难”的原则，当遇到解不出的题时，应当跳过。首字母填空着重考查学生对上下文的理解，因此，很多情况下，随着下文的展开和文章的深入，前面填不出的词，在下文中会有提示。因此，学生在作答时，应当加强联系前后文，充分利用上下文中的有效信息，确定答案。
（6） 重读文章，检验答案
当全部答完后，一定要把文章重新读一遍。查看文章是否通顺，语法是否有误。如果发现有不顺畅的地方，则需要再进行推敲。个别单词的形式要着重注意。例如：动词的时态，名词的单复数以及形容词副词的级。
【例题精讲】
例1.
About twenty of us had been lucky enough to receive invitations to a film-studio to take part in a crowd-scene（群众演员）. Although our “act” would (81)l_______ only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things.
We all stood at the far end of the studio just (82)a_______ workmen prepared the scene, setting up trees at the edge（边缘）of a winding path. Very soon, bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was wheeled into position...... (83)E_______ was ready for the film with their effort. The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby. Since it was hot in the studio, we were (84)s________ to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path. A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers（羽毛）down on him, and soon the trees were covered in (85)“s________”. Two more big fans were turned on, and a “strong wind” blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.
The next scene was a complete contrast（对比，反差）. The way it was filmed was quite (86)u_______. Pictures in front taken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screeen. An actor and an actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if（仿佛）they were at the water’s edge on an island, breathing the fresh air from the sea. By a simple trick like this, palm trees, sandy beaches, and blue, clear skies had been (87)b________ into the studio! We were lost in such a fantastic situation.
81.l_______ 82.a_______ 83.E_______ 84.s_______ 85.s_______ 86. u_________ 87.b________
【答案】81.last 82.as 83.Everything 84.surprised 85.snow 86.unusual 87.brought
【分析】
81.根据句子成分，此处缺动词。其次根据句意“尽管我们的表演将持续仅很短的时间，但是我们还是能看到许多有趣的事物”所以此处填last
82.根据句子成分，此处缺连接词，其次根据句意“我们都站在摄影棚的另一端当工作人员准备场景的时候”，此处填as
83.根据句子成分，此处缺代词，“前面bright lights，big movie-camera都是东西，所以后面是为电影准备好每样东西”，因此此处填Everything
84.根据句子成分，此处缺形容词，其次根据句意“由于摄影棚很热，但是我们惊奇地看到期中一个演员穿上厚的外套”，所以此处填surprised
85.根据句子成分，此处缺名词，“前面说吹小的白色羽毛，后面和雪是相似的”，所以此处填snow
86.根据句子成分，此处缺形容词，根据句意“第二个场景是一个完全的对比，它拍摄的方式是不同寻常的”
87.根据句子成分，此处缺动词，且被动语态，be done，根据句意“通过这样一个简单的技巧，棕榈树，沙滩，蓝色，晴朗的天空已经被带到了摄影棚！”
例2.
Do you have bright ideas? Ideas for inventions that change the world or, at least, make life
easier for somebody?(81) P______ we all do sometimes, but we don’t often make the idea a real thing. Recently, there was a competition in a country, which encouraged young people to make their bright ideas come true. There were two (82) g______ in the contest: Group A was for school children under 16; Group B was for those over 16. And there were eleven prize-winners altogether.
Neil Hunt, one of the prize-winners, was (83)c______ “Sunshine Superman” by one newspaper writing about his design. When people study the weather, it’s important to be able to record the sunshine accurately（精确地）. We need to know how many (84)h_____ of sunshine we have and how strong it is. Most sunshine recorders (85) o______ record direct sunshine. Neil’s is more accurate and this is very important for research into ways of (86)u_____ solar power（太阳能）. Neil plans to keep inventing.
The ideas in the competition were so (87)g_____ that we are surprised that the industry (工业界) doesn’t ask more school children for suggestions.
【答案】 81. Perhaps/Probably 82. groups 83. called 84. hours 85. only 86. using 87. great/good
【分析】
81.根据句子成分，此处缺副词。其次根据句意“也许我们都有这样做的时候，但我们并不经常使想法成真。”，所以是也许，填Perhaps/Probably。
82.根据句子成分，此处缺名词，根据句意“比赛分为两组:A组为16岁以下学龄儿童;B组是16岁以上的。”，所以是小组，填groups。
83.根据句子成分，此处缺动词，根据句意“尼尔·亨特(Neil Hunt)是该奖项的得主之一，一家报纸在报道他的设计时称他为“阳光超人”。”，所以是称作，填called。
84.根据句子成分，此处缺名词，再根据句意“我们需要知道我们有多少小时的阳光，阳光有多强。”，所以小时，填hours。
85.根据句子成分，此处缺副词，再根据句意“大多数日照记录仪只记录直射阳光。”，应该是仅仅，填only。
86.根据句子成分，此处缺动词，再根据句意“尼尔的数据更准确，这对研究利用太阳能的方法非常重要。”，应该是使用，填using。
87.根据句子成分，此处缺形容词，再根据句意“竞争中的创意如此之好，以至于让我们感到惊讶的是，这个行业并没有向更多的学生征求建议。”，应该是好的，伟大的，填good/great。
【巩固练习】
A Student Budget(预算)
College is an exciting time to learn and to make friends that will last a lifetime. Many students do not like to worry about money, and they would rather not think about it. But, it doesn’t matter whether a student’s parents pay for everything, or whether the student works part-time to help pay for his or her education. All students can get into money t 81 if they’re not careful.
The cost of a college education can be quite expensive. In English-speaking countries, the a 82 cost per student per year is well over US$10,000. Students must also pay for books, paper, pens, and etc. T 83 can cost $500 to $1,000 per year. Students who live in university housing pay thousands more per year for room and board. Add money for clothes, travel, and other personal expenses, and the cost of one year at a university can be $20,000 to $30,000 or more.
Students need to spend their money c 84 . At most universities, advisors can give students advice on how to budget their money. They s 85 this: at the start of a school term, write down your income; for example, money you will get from your family or a part-time job. Then, list all of your expenses. Put your expenses into two groups: those that change (food, phone, books, travel), and those that will stay the s 86 (tuition, room and board). Add together all of your expenses. Are they more than your income? Do you have enough money, or do you need more?
Learning not to spend more money than you have is not always easy. But for many, it is
e 87 than borrowing money from family or friends.
【答案】81. trouble 82. average 83. These 84. carefully 85. suggest 86. same 87. easier
2. Libraries give kids a quiet and safe place to read and to learn. For more than 100 years, libraries have played an important role in Americans’ e 81 . But how are these book-filled buildings changing with the times? You may be surprised to find out.
Benjamin Franklin famously founded America’s first lending library in 1731. But the public library system got its b 82 development in the American history in the late 1800’s. Businessman Andrew Carnegie donated (捐赠) millions of dollars to help build free public libraries across the country. Between 1886 and 1919, Carnegie’s donations helped build 1,679 new libraries.
Carnegie believed in the chances that libraries could o 83 Americans, young and old. He knew that the more libraries there were, the more people would have access（接触的机会） to books, lectures, news and more.
Chances are that there is a public library in or near your c 84 . You can easily find one close to your home. After all, the United States has 9,225 public libraries. Today, libraries keep growing. Seven out of ten libraries have free Internet. This opens many doors for people who cannot go online at home,
i 85 the opportunity to apply for jobs online.
Libraries are also teaching kids about the fun of reading. The new program Read! Build! Play! adds reading into playtime. As kids listen to a book being read aloud, they use Legos (乐高积木) to build images from the story h 86 . Today’s libraries are always looking for creative programs to bring people into the library.
Benjamin Franklin once said, “The doors of wisdom are never s 87 .” As long as the doors of public libraries are open, what he said is most certainly correct!
【答案】81.education 82.biggest 83.offer 84. community 85.including 86.happily 87. shut
当堂一测：
1.This kind of beef from India tastes _________. We don’t like it at all.（静安）
A) delicious B) good C) well D) awful
2. In her opinion, short-term memory doesn’t work as ______ as long-term memory. （静安）
A) well B) good C) better D) best
3. The road near my home has been rebuilt. It’s much and noisier.（普陀）
A) wide B) wider C) widest D) the widest
4. “You look in this new dress.” Tom said to Sally. （崇明）
A) lovely B) beautifully C) happily D) quietly
5. --- Hey, why are you running so__________?（奉贤）
--- I’m afraid I’ll be late for school.
A) quietly B) hard C) fast D) carefully
6. Steven finished the science test __________ in our class yesterday. （奉贤）
A) quickly B) more quickly
C) quickliest D) most quickly
【答案】DABACD
7. Martin helped the little girl out of a car accident, but he was _______ wounded instead. (serious) （静安）
8. It’s amazing to see these local people wear their _______ hats and skirts in festivals. (tradition) （静安）
9. It rained so hard that the road was covered by water soon. (complete) （普陀）
10. Jason is too busy , so it’s for him to go to the concert with us tonight.（possible）（崇明）
11. The teachers are correcting our exercises __________ in the office. (busy) （奉贤）
12. The secrets about the singer are ________ spread among the young fans. (wide) （虹口）
【答案】seriously;traditional;completely;impossible;busily;widely
Positive(积极的) people are usually happy. They often have a lot of friends. When they have a problem, they try to change the problem i 81 a chance. They believe things always work out. But can positive thinking really make someone’s life better? Many scientists are studying positive thinking. They are finding out some very interesting information.
Your Health
The Mayo Clinic is a famous medical organization in the United States. It studies many things, including positive thinking. Their research proves that positive thinking has many advantages. First, positive thinking s 82 good health. Positive people don’t worry about the bad events in life, so they stay healthy. Positive people are a 83 likely to exercise and eat healthy foods. Because of this, they don’t usually get sick and don’t have many health problems.
At work
Dr.Michael is a professor in Germany. His research shows that positive people do well in jobs. There are several reasons for this. Positive people are creative. They don’t expect o 84 to help them with problems. They solve problems themselves. And positive people don’t give up. They keep trying to learn new things.
Becoming Positive
In the past, scientists thought attitude n 85 changed. Now, many psychologists think people can become more positive. There are many different ways to change. Here are some examples. First, think about good events in your life. At the end of a day, ask, “What good things happened to me today?”Think about these things for a few minutes. Second, find interesting a 86 to do. Laugh at a funny movie or read a good book. Finally, always try new things. For example, you can talk to people you don’t know or shop in a different store. Do different things every day.
A Good Life
Life can be d 87 sometimes. Don’t give up or be negative. Take action. Think about the future and make a plan. You can learn to be positive.
【答案】81—87 into, supports , also/always, others, never, activities, difficult
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