(2020-2022)中考英语真题分项汇编专题31+议论文(含详解)

这是一份(2020-2022)中考英语真题分项汇编专题31+议论文(含详解)，共104页。

专题31 阅读理解—议论文

【2022年】

（一）（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）
There is no doubt that technology has had a big influence on our lives. People from all around the world can now talk to each other almost at once on mobile phones and the Internet. People can easily solve their problems with the help of computers and the world wide web. With this technology, it seems that the world is more connected now than ever before. Even so, there have been worries about technology making people feel lonely and disconnected from others around them.
So does this mean that technology makes us lonely?
In my opinion, it is hard to say Yes or No.
It’s true that humans need communication with each other. If we depend on technology too much to communicate, this can badly impact our mental (心理的) health. For me, technology is a tool. And just like any other kind of tool — like scissors, a pencil or a ruler, for example, it depends on how we use it: in a right way or in a right place. Take social media (社交媒体) as an example. If you only use it to compare yourself with others, you might feel sad and lonely. But if you use it as a tool to connect with friends and family or to start a new community to talk about your hobbies and interests, the loneliness will turn into love and friendship.
When you feel lonely after staring at your computer screen all day, maybe you can use that technology to reach out to a reliable (可靠的) friend and invite him or her out for lunch or a coffee.
36．According to the writer, technology is ________ .
A．a tool B．an influence
C．a pair of scissors D．a way of communication
37．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “impact” in Paqugraph 4?
A．帮助 B．促进 C．影响 D．进入
38．According to the passage, if people use technology too much, people may ________ .
A．sleep less B．live longer C．feel lonely D．get more jobs
39．When we use technology to________ others, we can find love and friendship.
A．argue with B．compete with C．connect with D．compare with
40．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Social media is important to us. B．Technology can be good and bad to us.
C．People need to communicate with each other. D．Computers and the Internet help us with our work.
【答案】36．A
37．C
38．C
39．C
40．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文介绍技术对我们的生活产生了很大的影响，在带来便利的同时，使人们之间的交流变少了。作者呼吁我们可以多和朋友出去。
36．
细节理解题。根据“For me, technology is a tool.”可知，对作者来说，技术是一种工具。故选A。
37．
词句猜测题。分析“If we depend on technology too much to communicate, this can badly impact our mental (心理的) health.”可知，如果我们过于依赖技术来交流，这会严重影响我们的心理健康。此处impact的意思是“影响”，故选C。
38．
细节理解题。根据“Even so, there have been worries about technology making people feel lonely and disconnected from others around them.”可知，有人担心科技会让人们感到孤独，与周围的人失去联系。故选C。
39．
细节理解题。根据“But if you use it as a tool to connect with friends and family or to start a new community to talk about your hobbies and interests, the loneliness will turn into love and friendship.”可知，如果你把技术作为与朋友和家人联系的工具，或者建立一个新的社区来谈论你的爱好和兴趣，孤独就会变成爱和友谊。故选C。
40．
主旨大意题。本文主要介绍技术对我们的生活产生了很大的影响，在为我们带来便利的同时，也带来了问题。故选B。




（二）（2022·河北·中考真题）
Nobody wants to lose, but we must accept that losing is a part of life. After all, we can’t win all the time. However, we can learn something valuable from every failure（失败）. This may help us succeed in the future. So we must know how to be a good loser.
We must not be afraid of losing. When we lose, just take it with a smile and look on the bright side of it. Failure can’t be avoided in our life. Edison failed 10,000 times before he invented the light bulb（灯泡）. When he was asked how he felt, he said that he hadn’t failed 10,000 times but had learned 10,000 things which didn’t work. We must know that history is full of examples of men and women who achieved success although they failed many times.
Losing is not very disgraceful. We must accept our failure and learn to take advantage of it. Remember that it can be helpful. Take action to walk out of it. When we lose, think about what we did and how we can improve. If someone else can help, we’ll be lucky enough. Maybe he or she has been through the same experience before. Many people enjoy helping others solve problems. This can save us a lot of time in learning how to avoid the same mistakes in the future.
We should face our failure when we lose. There is only one winner in every competition. Some win, while some lose. That is a usual way of life. If we offer our congratulations（祝贺）to the winners and share in their happiness, we won’t feel sorry for our failure.
In a word, being a good loser will help us to succeed in life. It might be painful at the beginning, but there are many advantages. Good losers set examples to us, and most importantly, they finally win.
31．What can we learn from every failure according to the text?
A．A way of life. B．A valuable thing. C．A general rule. D．A secret of success.
32．In the writer’s eyes, why did Edison achieve success?
A．He got help from others. B．He happened to make it.
C．He avoided possible mistakes. D．He saw the bright side of losing.
33．What does the underlined word “disgraceful” probably mean?
A．Bad. B．Personal. C．Dangerous. D．Interesting.
34．What does the writer advise the losers to do in a competition?
A．Express the regrets. B．Forget the failure.
C．Share in the winners’ enjoyment. D．Join in another competition.
35．What is the best title for the text?
A．Ideas about How to Avoid Mistakes B．Experience in Dealing with Problems
C．Advice on How to Be a Good Loser D．Advantages of both Success and Failure
【答案】31．B
32．D
33．A
34．C
35．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了失败对于我们的好处，以及如何应对失败。
31．
细节理解题。根据“However, we can learn something valuable from every failure（失败）.”可知，然而，我们可以从每一次失败中学到一些有价值的东西。故选B。
32．
细节理解题。根据“When we lose, just take it with a smile and look on the bright side of it. ”可知，当我们失败的时候，微笑着接受它，看到它光明的一面。爱迪生成功是因为他看到了失败的光明的一面。故选D。
33．
词句猜测题。根据“Losing is not very disgraceful. We must accept our failure and learn to take advantage of it.”可知，失败不是很丢脸。我们必须接受失败，并学会利用它。disgraceful与Bad意思相近。故选A。
34．
细节理解题。根据“ If we offer our congratulations（祝贺）to the winners and share in their happiness, we won’t feel sorry for our failure.”可知，如果我们向获奖者表示祝贺并分享他们的快乐，我们不会为我们的失败感到遗憾。故选C。
35．
最佳标题题。根据“So we must know how to be a good loser.”及全文可知，本文主要讲述了失败对于我们的好处，以及如何应对失败。C选项“关于如何成为一个好失败者的建议”符合题意。故选C。


（三）（2022·山东泰安·中考真题）
Counting the hairs on your head would be very difficult. Many have tried, but most people give up after losing count or getting bored! However, scientists say people have more than 100,000 hairs on their heads on average. Of course, this number is different from person to person. Some people have much more hair than others.
What causes hair loss? There are many reasons, such as stress, illness and styling. It also runs in families. Besides, many people simply lose hair as they grow older. To avoid losing hair, you should wash your hair correctly and condition（养护）your hair to help keep your hair healthy. It’s also important to be gentle when brushing or combing hair.
Hair loss is not the same as daily shedding（脱落）. People lose an average of 50 to 100 hairs a day. It’s normal. If you are losing more hair than average, talk to the adults you trust. They can help you decide whether to ask a doctor for help.
Why do humans have hair on their heads? Most other mammals（哺乳动物）have thick fur（毛）covering their whole bodies. While humans grow small and fine（细微的）hairs on much of their skin, it’s much thicker on the top of the head. Scientists say the answers come down to evolution. Humans probably evolved without fur because they have more sweat glands（汗腺）than other mammals. Humans walk upright on two legs. Therefore, the top of their heads needs protection from the sun. This is why people have more hair on their heads than on the rest of their bodies. The hair also helps keep heat in cold weather and keep a healthy body temperature.
18．How many reasons for hair loss are mentioned in Paragraph 2?
A．3 B．4 C．5 D．6
19．You can take the following measures（措施）to avoid losing hair except ________.
A．wearing a hat all the time B．washing your hair correctly
C．brushing or combing hair gently D．conditioning your hair
20．What does the underlined word “evolution” mean in the last paragraph?
A．进化 B．发育 C．天生 D．训练
21．What can we learn from the passage?
A．In general, it’s easier for young people to lose hair than old people.
B．The hair on human heads helps keep heat in cold weather.
C．If you lose 50 to 100 hairs every day. you must ask a doctor for help.
D．All the mammals have thick fur covering their whole bodies because they have no sweat glands.
【答案】18．C
19．A
20．A
21．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要分析了脱发的原因，应对的方法以及为什么人类的头顶会有头发。
18．
细节理解题。根据“There are many reasons, such as stress, illness and styling. It also runs in families. Besides, many people simply lose hair as they grow older”可知，关于脱发的原因提到了五点：压力，疾病，发型，家族遗传，还有随着年龄的增长而脱发 ，故选C。
19．
细节理解题。根据“To avoid losing hair, you should wash your hair correctly and condition（养护）your hair to help keep your hair healthy. It’s also important to be gentle when brushing or combing hair”可知，为了避免脱发，你应该正确地洗头并护理头发，梳头时要温和，故选A。
20．
词义猜测题。根据“Humans probably evolved without fur because they have more sweat glands（汗腺）than other mammals. Humans walk upright on two legs. Therefore, the top of their heads needs protection from the sun”可知，人类在进化过程中没有皮毛，人类用两条腿直立行走。 因此，他们的头顶需要长出一些毛发来防晒，所以人类头顶有毛发是跟进化有关，故evolution表示“进化”，故选A。
21．
推理判断题。根据“The hair also helps keep heat in cold weather and keep a healthy body temperature”可知，头发还有助于在寒冷的天气里保暖，保持健康的体温，故选B。


（四）（2022·浙江湖州·中考真题）
①There are lots of things that cause stress (压力) in our lives, such as school problems, arguments with friends and sometimes bad feelings about ourselves. We all experience stress at times, but it’s important to manage it properly and reduce (减少) its influence. Here are some helpful tips for dealing with stress.
②Sometimes we feel stressed without understanding the reason. So whenever you’re stressed, you should stop and think. What is really happening? How can you improve the situation? Try keeping a diary about your problems and the possible causes.
③Do you always wait until Sunday evening to do homework? This bad habit can cause “ last-minute ” stress, as well as poor grades. To avoid that, time management is greatly needed. Plan your studies and other activities with a calendar. You can also divide big projects into smaller tasks. In this way, you’ll always know how much time you really have.
④Besides, healthy habits are very important for reducing stress. Be sure to eat healthy meals and get at least eight hours of sleep. Avoid checking your mobile phone or using the computer before bedtime. It will keep you awake!
⑤When you’re feeling stressed, it’s helpful to speak to someone who understands your situation, such as your friends and families. Sometimes it’s enough to talk about your problems and share your feelings. Other times, however, you might need advice or suggestions. Don’t keep your worries to yourself.
⑥Finally, relaxation is important, Find some free time for activities that you enjoy, such as sports, hobbies and meeting with friends. For example, seeing a film or hanging out after 5 days’ study could be a good choice. If you find some time to relax and enjoy yourself, you’ll feel refreshed, have more energy, and reduce your level of stress.
19．What advice does the writer give to reduce stress in Paragraph 3?
A．Stop and think. B．Manage your time. C．Watch your health. D．Reach out for help.
20．How does the writer develop Paragraph 6?
A．By telling stories. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking questions. D．By giving examples.
21．Which of the following is the structure of the passage?
A． B． C． D．
【答案】19．B
20．D
21．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了一些处理压力的有用的技巧。
19．
细节理解题。根据“To avoid that, time management is greatly needed.”可知，本段给出的建议是要进行时间管理，故选B。
20．
细节理解题。根据“such as sports, hobbies and meeting with friends. For example...”可知，本段是通过举例子来说明，故选D。
21．
篇章结构题。根据整个文章的理解可知，本文第一段总体指出有一些处理压力的有用的技巧，第二至六段分别从不同的方面介绍缓解压力的方式，故选A。


（五）（2022·浙江宁波·中考真题）
Recently, many people think it’s risky to use credit (信用) card numbers online. However, from time to time, we all use passwords and ID numbers on the Internet. We think we are safe, but that may not be true! A new kind of attack (攻击) is being used by dishonest people to steal IDs and credit card numbers from web surfers. This new kind of attack is called “phishing”.
Phishing sounds the same as the word “fishing”, and it means that a thief is trying to trick people into giving away valuable information. Like real fishermen, phishers use bait (诱饵) in the form of great online deals or services. For example, phishers might use false emails and websites to trick people into revealing (透露) credit card numbers, account usernames, and passwords. They imitate (模仿) well-known banks, online sellers, and credit card companies. Successful phishers may make as many as 5% of the people believe and give away their personal information.
It’s really a big problem! Actually, tricking 5% of the online population is huge. Now more than 4.6 billion people have access (进入权) to the Internet, and 75% of those Internet users live in the wealthiest countries on Earth. It has been reported that phishers send more than 40 billion false messages each year. Even by tricking only 5% of the people, phishers can make a lot of money.
Amy, 18, from California, received an email. A man told Amy that she could get a million dollars in her account as a reward if she sent a thousand dollars to him. Amy did as the man said at once. The “thief” used Amy’s Social Security number to get credit cards in her name and transferred her money.
How can people avoid being cheated online? Above all, they have to learn to recognize the email that has been sent by a phisher. Always be careful with any email with urgent (紧急的) requests for personal information. Phishers typically write upsetting or exciting, but false, statements in their emails so that people will reply right away. Never give out personal information to phishers. And if an offer sounds too good to be true, it is.
27．Phishing is compared to ________ according to the passage.
A．making money B．playing games C．catching fish D．writing emails
28．Which writing skill is used in Para. 3?
A．Giving examples. B．Listing numbers. C．Raising questions. D．Using sayings.
29．Which of the following in the dictionary best explains the underlined word “transfer” in Para. 4?
transfer v. (transferred, transferring)
①to move from one place, school, job etc to another
②to connect the call of someone to someone else’s
③to move money from one account to another
④to change from one bus, plane etc to another
A．① B．② C．③ D．④
30．Besides introducing what phishing is, the writer also tells us how to ________.
A．help to catch phishers B．reply to urgent emails
C．pay by credit card D．protect ourselves online
【答案】27．C
28．B
29．C
30．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了网络欺骗以及如何避免在网上被欺骗。
27．
细节理解题。根据“Like real fishermen, phishers use bait in the form of great online deals or services.”可知，就像真正的渔夫一样，网络钓鱼者以在线交易或服务的形式使用诱饵；将“Phishing”比作“catching fish”。故选C。
28．
推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，通过列举数字说明网络被骗者很多。故选B。
29．
词句猜测题。根据“The ‘thief’ used Amy’s Social Security number to get credit cards in her name and transferred her money.”可知，这名“小偷”使用艾米的社会安全号码获得了以她名字命名的信用卡，并转移了她的钱，因此“transfer”意为“to move money from one account to another”。故选C。
30．
推理判断题。根据“How can people avoid being cheated online?”可知，最后一段作者还告诉我们如何避免在网上被欺骗。故选D。


（六）（2022·安徽·中考真题）
The Search-for-Lost-Birds list has come to public attention recently. It lists ten kinds of birds that have not been seen in the wild for at least fifteen years. The list is calling on people to search for the rarest (最珍稀的) birds on Earth.
There could be several reasons for the long disappearances of the birds on the list. Maybe there have been no studies in areas where they live. Maybe people don’t know where or how to find them. Maybe there are changes to their natural homes because of human activities.
This year, four expeditions (考察队) are planning to find eight kinds of birds. If any of these lost birds are found, ways can be found to protect them and help their populations grow. This has happened with birds like the Madagascar pochard. The number of this once-lost kind of bird is now increasing.
38．How many kinds of birds are on the Search-for-Lost-Birds list?
A．Four. B．Eight. C．Ten. D．Fifteen.
39．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．Changes of the living areas of the birds. B．Suggestions on how to protect the birds.
C．Reasons for the disappearances of the birds. D．Steps of building natural homes for the birds.
40．What can we learn about the Madagascar pochard?
A．It has not been found till now. B．It has a larger population than before.
C．It needs to live close to humans. D．It provides protection for other birds.
41．What is the best title (标题) for the text?
A．Ways to Raise Rare Birds B．Bird-lovers Around the World
C．Searches for the Lost Birds D．Stories About Birds in the Wild
【答案】38．C
39．C
40．B
41．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了人类采取措施寻找那些已经消失在人类视野中的鸟类，帮助它们繁衍后代。
38．
细节理解题。根据“It lists ten kinds of birds that have not been seen in the wild for at least fifteen years”可知，它列出了至少15年没有在野外看到的10种鸟类，故选C。
39．
主旨大意题。根据“There could be several reasons for the long disappearances of the birds on the list”可知，此段介绍了这些鸟类消失的原因，故选C。
40．
细节理解题。根据“This has happened with birds like the Madagascar pochard. The number of this once-lost kind of bird is now increasing”可知，这种鸟类的数量现在正在增长，故选B。
41．
最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了人类采取措施寻找那些已经消失在人类视野中的鸟类，帮助它们繁衍后代，所以C选项“寻找消失的鸟儿”符合本文标题，故选C。



【2021年】

（2021·江苏泰州市·中考真题）
Just the other day, I was in a bookshop and found a book named How to make friends with foreigners. As a Canadian living in China for a year, I was curious to see what kind of advice a Chinese writer giving on this matter.
One piece of advice really caught my attention and, I must say, made me feel quite angry. In the writer’s opinion, foreigners are an "opportunity (机会)" to improve your oral English; whenever you see a foreigner, American or English, you should practise speaking English with him or her. If the foreigner doesn’t want to answer your questions, then he or she is a rude person who you wouldn’t want to spend time with anyway. I think this advice is not only incorrect, but also may harm the relationship between Chinese and foreigners in China.
Like most other "Lao Wai" living in China, I know how lonely one can sometimes feel living in a culture different from our own familiar (熟悉的) ways. However, I simply accept as part of being here. So far my time in China has been rewarding. I have improved my Chinese language skills, learned about one of the fastest developing countries in the world today and made some very close Chinese friends.
However, I have also met many Chinese people who consider me only as an "opportunity" to improve their oral English. I have had people following me from town to my flat to trouble me to teach them English. I have had complete strangers throwing articles or speeches in my face, insisting that I help them with the English translation. I have had people asking me non-stop questions for half an hour at the weekly English Corner ...
Friendship for a lot of foreigners is about spending time with someone whose company (陪伴) they really enjoy. So if there is any advice to give on making and keeping friendships with foreigners, I would say that it is this: Treat foreigners as people, not opportunities. Expect to make friendships step by step, over a period of time, not in a rush. ________ If your only reason for becoming fiends with a foreigner is to improve your English, then you will probably find that you don’t have a foreign friend for long.
1．Where is the writer of this passage from?
A．America B．China C．Canada D．England
2．Why is the writer of the passage interested in the book "How to make friends with foreigners" ?
A．Because he wants to have some more close Chinese Friends.
B．Because he has greatly improved his Chinese language skills,
C．Because no Chinese people would like to make friends with him.
D．Because he wants to know about the Chinese writer’s advice on this topic.
3．According to the writer of the book "How to make friends with foreigners" , ________.
A．his advice may make foreigners angry
B．it is rude of you to ask a foreigner questions
C．you should choose a good foreigner to practise English with
D．don’t waste time on a foreigner who doesn’t answer your questions
4．In the fourth paragraph, the writer uses "I have had…" three times, because ________.
A．he had no better sentences to express his ideas.
B．he wanted to show how he hated to make friends with Chinese.
C．he wanted to show how he hated to be treated as an “opportunity”.
D．he met Chinese who wanted to make friends with him only three times.
5．Which sentence may be the best to fill in the "________" in the last paragraph?
A．True friendships stand (经得起) the test of time.
B．Learn about different cultures to make real friends.
C．Friends are about opportunities or personal advantages.
D．There’s real friendship between people from different countries.
【分析】
本文讲述了一位在中国生活的加拿大人谈论如何与外国人建立和保持友谊，他认为要把外国人当作人，而不是机会，才能一步一步地建立友谊。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“As a Canadian living in China for a year…”可知，作者来自加拿大，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第一段“I was curious to see what kind of advice a Chinese writer giving on this matter”可知，作者对这本书很感兴趣，是因为他想知道一位中国作家在这个问题上给出了什么样的建议，故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据第二段“ In the writer’s opinion, foreigners are an ‘opportunity’ to improve your oral English; whenever you see a foreigner, American or English, you should practise speaking English with him or her.”可知，书的作者认为外国人是提高你英语口语的“机会”，每当你见到外国人，你应该和他或她练习说英语，故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段“One piece of advice really caught my attention and, I must say, made me feel quite angry.”以及第四段“However, I have also met many Chinese people who consider me only as an ‘opportunity’ to improve their oral English.”可知，这里作者用了三次“I have had…”，因为他想表明他是多么讨厌被当作“机会”来对待，故选C。
5．词句猜测题。根据前一句“Expect to make friendships step by step, over a period of time, not in a rush.”可知，这里作者想告诉我们要一步一步地建立友谊，在一段时间内，不要匆忙，真正的友谊经得起时间的考验的，故选A。
（2021·湖北荆门市·中考真题）
TikTok, known as Douyin in China, is a mobile app allowing users to create, share and watch short videos.
Developed by: ByteDance
Users: 13+
Joe Thomas
It seems very enjoyable. However, it’s difficult to stop once you start watching its videos. It’s not a good idea to spend too much time on it.
Alice Brown
I like the app because it allows me to share my daily life and make new friends. What’s more, I have won more popularity for the videos I created. Now I have more than 10 million fans.
Adam Young
There is no need for us to use this app. My friend Tom Smith spends most of his spare time on TikTok. I think he should spend time on more meaningful things, such as exercising or reading.

6．TikTok is suitable for users aged ________.
A．7 B．20 C．12 D．10
7．Joe Thomas thinks that you may ________ while watching TikTok.
A．spend too much time B．get bored easily
C．waste too much money D．learn some harmful information
8．TikTok has made ________ popular for his (her) videos.
A．Joe Thomas B．Tom Smith C．Adam Young D．Alice Brown
【分析】本文介绍了三个人对抖音这个应用程序的看法。
6．细节理解题。根据“Users: 13+”可知，适合13岁以上年龄的用户，故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据“However, it’s difficult to stop once you start watching its videos. It’s not a good idea to spend too much time on it”可知，他认为在看抖音时会花费许多时间，故选A。
8．细节理解题。根据“ What’s more, I have won more popularity for the videos I created”可知，抖音让Alice因她的视频而变得受欢迎，故选D。
（2021·山东滨州市·中考真题） “Life’s a long, long journey,” so we are told, and most of us would not set off on a journey, even a short one, without some ideas of where we wanted to go. Yet many people travel on life’s journey with no sense of direction at all.
Setting personal goals can give your life a sense of direction. Goal setting is used by top sports players, successful business people and achievers in all fields. Before you set personal goals, think about what you want to achieve with your life.
Try to set goals in some of the following categories (类别):
Education—Will you achieve the educational goals after finishing high school? Are you still growing and learning?
Family—What kind of relationship do you want with your parents and other family members?
Creative—Do you want to achieve any artistic goals?
Career—What job do you want to take when you grow up? What do you need to make your dream come true?
Public Service—Do you want to make the world a better place?
Physical—Are you fit enough to do the things you want to do?
Pleasure—How do you want to enjoy yourself?
To help make the process more manageable, divide your goals into smaller tasks. For example, if you want to reach a main goal in five years, set a three-year goal, a one-year goal, a three-month goal and a one-month goal. Then create a daily To-Do List of things that you should do today. When a goal is achieved, take the time to enjoy your success. This helps you build the self-confidence.
Remember, your goals can be changed as time goes on. But be sure your goals are the things you hope to achieve, not what your parents, family or teachers want.
9．According to the passage, why should we set goals?
A．To have a better future. B．To enjoy pleasure in life.
C．To know where to have a journey. D．To give our life a sense of direction.
10．What should you consider when you set a family goal?
A．The education you want to get. B．The job to support your family.
C．The time you’ll spend reaching your goal. D．The relationship with family members.
11．What’s the best advice to achieve the main goal?
A．Dividing your goals into smaller tasks. B．Creating a daily To-Do List of things.
C．Building the self-confidence. D．Setting the time to achieve the main goal.
12．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Once you set your goals, they can’t be changed.
B．Not all the people can get success by setting goals.
C．Enjoying success in one goal can help you do better in the next one.
D．Your goals are the things you and your parents, families or teachers want.
13．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．A long journey. B．Goal setting for life. C．The direction of life. D．Ways to achieve goals.
【分析】生活是一段漫长的旅程，设定目标可以给我们的生活一个方向感。首先你要知道自己人生的目标是什么，如何设定自己的人生目标，这篇短文中作者提出了一些建议。
9．细节理解题。根据“Setting personal goals can give your life a sense of direction.”可知，设定个人目标可以给我们的人生方向感。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据“Family—What kind of relationship do you want with your parents and other family members?”可知，在设定家庭目标的时候，你首先要想清楚你想与父母和其他家庭成员保持什么样的关系。故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据“To help make the process more manageable, divide your goals into smaller tasks.”可知，为了完成一个主要的目标，你应该把它分成几个小目标。故选A。
12．推理判断题。根据“When a goal is achieved, take the time to enjoy your success. This helps you build the self-confidence.”可知，当一个目标实现了，享受你的成功，这会帮助你建立自信，这样可以帮助你在下一个目标中做得更好。故选C。
13．标题归纳题。根据文意以及短文中“Setting personal goals can give your life a sense of direction.”可知，文章中作者首先提到“设定个人目标能给生活方向感”，然后下文介绍了如何设定人生目标。B选项“设定人生目标”符合文章主旨，作为标题最合适。故选B。
（2021·北京中考真题）

Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However, this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species(物种).
Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle(斗争) against human nature. We are born with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures; it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt(适应) , progress and raise itself above and beyond other species.
Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation. Consider, for example, hunting(打猎) . It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons(武器) is related to that adaptation-from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied.
The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood. Just as snails carry their shells, so do we bring along our culture. However, culture is also passed on among people of the same time or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speak that language.
14．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．Culture belongs to human nature.
B．Nature teaches humans how to adapt.
C．Humans are supposed to be well organized.
D．Education pushes the human species to progress.
15．Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3?
A．To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits.
B．To stress the importance of tools in humans’ struggle for life.
C．To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment.
D．To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons.
16．The word “transmission” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A．system B．spread C．start D．spirit
17．What is the writer’s opinion on the nature-culture relationship?
A．Culture and nature are separate yet balanced.
B．Culture depends much on nature to progress.
C．Nature and culture are different but connected.
D．Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture.
【分析】本文是一篇议论文，自然和文化常常被视为对立的观点，但是人类发展的研究表明，文化，无论是作为一种反对自然的努力还是自然的努力，都是人类物种发展的一部分。生物的发展和文化的发展是紧密相连的，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。
14．段落大意题。根据“Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle(斗争) against human nature.”和“Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures”可知，人们把教育的过程看作是一场与人性的斗争，教育把文化作为一种方式，让我们摆脱最广泛的天性。所以本段想说明教育推动人类进步。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据“Consider, for example, hunting(打猎) . It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits.”可知，打猎似乎是一种适应，使人类能够进入新的和不同的地区，打开改变生活习惯的机会。文章提到打猎是为了展示文化是如何随着人类适应环境而发展的。故选C。
16．词义猜测题。分析“The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood. Just as snails carry their shells, so do we bring along our culture.”可知，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。就像蜗牛带着它们的壳一样，我们也带着我们的文化。所以此处transmission的意思是“传播”，故选B。
17．观点态度题。根据“Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species(物种).”可知，作者认为文化，无论是作为一种反对自然的努力还是自然的努力，都是人类物种发展的一部分，作者认为自然和文化之间是对立且密切联系的。故选C。
（2021·福建中考真题） In recent years, there have been many films about robots trying to take over the world. Studies show that up to 20 million factory jobs worldwide could be taken by robots in the next 10 years. Some people are worried about what might happen in the future.
On 8th September, 2020, The Guardian published (发表) an article written by a robot called GPT - 3. It wrote that “robot” comes from the Greek word for “slave” (奴隶) and humans have nothing to fear from robots, which are only here to help humans. However, the fact that a robot could write such an article has made some people feel even more uneasy. Where is the robot technology heading? Can robots and humans work together?
YES - they’re here to help humans
Robots are created by humans for humans. Robots take on jobs that are too dangerous for people to do by themselves. Although robots might take some people’s jobs, they will create new types of work, and they will possibly create more jobs than they take away. Besides, robots’ programming could actually make them more trustworthy than humans , because they are not influenced by feelings.
NO — humans should not trust robots
Robots are already taking over the world. Jobs that used to be done by human beings are now being taken by robots. Although robots are under our control now, that might not always be the case. An experiment in Switzerland found that some robots had learnt how to lie to each other. With the development of AI (人工智能), robots could start to act in their own interests. Wherever possible, humans should do things themselves.
What’s your opinion on this matter?
18．What language does the word “robot” come from?
A．Greek B．English C．German D．French
19．When learning that GPT - 3 could write an article, some people feel ________ .
A．angry B．excited C．nervous D．relaxed
20．What advantage of robots is mentioned in the text?
A．Acting in their own interests B．Developing filming technology
C．Working with different feelings D．Doing unsafe work for humans
21．What can we learn from the text?
A．GPT - 3 will take over the world
B．Some robots have learnt how to be lazy
C．Robots are still under the control of humans now
D．20 million people fear that they will lose their jobs
22．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Will Robots Become Creative? B．Should Humans Trust Robots?
C．Will Robots Do Harm to Humans? D．Should Humans Do Things Themselves?
【分析】本文就机器人技术的发展方向以及机器人是否能和人类一起工作，人类是否应该信任机器人等问题发表了不同的观点。
18．细节理解题。根据“It wrote that “robot” comes from the Greek word for “slave””可知，机器人这个词来自于希腊语，故选A。
19．细节理解题。根据“However, the fact that a robot could write such an article has made some people feel even more uneasy”可知，机器人能写这样一篇文章的事实让一些人感到更加不安，故选C。
20．细节理解题。根据“Robots take on jobs that are too dangerous for people to do by themselves”可知，机器人的优点是可以为人类做一些危险的工作，故选D。
21．细节理解题。根据“Although robots are under our control now”可知，机器人现在还在我们的控制之下，故选C。
22．最佳标题。根据“Besides, robots’ programming could actually make them more trustworthy than humans”及“humans should not trust robots”可知，本文主要围绕“人类是否可以信任机器人”等方面发表了不同的观点，故选B。
（2021·河北中考真题） Each of us has dreams and goals for our future. What makes us study and make progress each day is closely connected with our personal dream and goal.
But why do you have dreams and goals, you still end up with nothing? What separates successful people from the dreamers is their persistent (锲而不舍的) action. When you learn your lessons in school, you must work hard and not give up. You will often find some of your lessons very hard. Try and keep trying, and you’ll be sure to successfully deal with any difficulty you meet with. If we have a hard lesson today, let us try our best to learn it well and then we shall be prepared for a harder one tomorrow.
This is the famous formula (公式) for success:
Dream > Believe > Achieve
Most people have what they want (Dream) and think they can realize their dreams (Believe). And then they do nothing. They just imagine their dreams can come true. When they get tired waiting and lose a lot, they get bored. They say angrily how terrible their life is.
I personally believe that if you really want to achieve your dreams and goals in life, you have to add one thing to your success formula:
Dream > Believe > Act > Achieve
For me, act is the most important thing for success and that’s to Take Persistent Action (Act). If you say, “I can’t do it” and give up, you can never do anything valuable. However, “I’ll try” creates wonders. Let’s remember that there will be obstacles in our life. We must face them bravely and solve them. Success is not something that falls down from the sky. Most successful people made their dreams come true because of their persistent action.
Please remember: Action is the bridge that connects our dreams and goals to reality.
23．What should you do when you find your lessons very hard?
A．Ask people for help. B．Try and keep trying.
C．Get ready to create wonders. D．Prepare for a harder one.
24．Which does the writer add to the famous formula?
A．Act. B．Achieve. C．Connect. D．Create.
25．What does the underlined word “obstacles” mean?
A．Dangers. B．Imaginations. C．Wonders. D．Difficulties.
26．Why does the writer use the formula “Dream > Believe > Act > Achieve”?
A．To support his idea. B．To ask readers to explain it.
C．To show what his goals are. D．To compare it with a bridge.
27．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．Doing Something Valuable B．Studying Hard and Making Progress
C．Realizing Dreams with Persistent Action D．Separating Successful People from Dreams
【分析】每个人对未来都有梦想和目标，但是只有梦想和目标是不够的，行动才是连接梦想和目标与现实的桥梁。
23．细节理解题。根据“You will often find some of your lessons very hard. Try and keep trying, and you’ll be sure to successfully deal with any difficulty you meet with.”可知，发现一些功课很难时要继续努力，故选B。
24．细节理解题。比较“Dream > Believe > Achieve”和“Dream > Believe > Act > Achieve”可知，作者添加了“Act”，故选A。
25．词义猜测题。分析“Let’s remember that there will be obstacles in our life. We must face them bravely and solve them.”可知，在我们的生活中会有障碍，我们要勇敢面对，解决问题。此处obstacles的意思是“问题，障碍”，故选D。
26．推理判断题。分析倒数第二段内容可知，作者用“Dream > Believe > Act > Achieve”公式是为了证明自己的观点，故选A。
27．最佳标题题。本文作者告诉我们只有梦想和目标是不够的，行动才是连接梦想和目标与现实的桥梁。故选C。
（2021·湖南长沙市·中考真题） From an early age, we were taught that if we wanted to be successful, we had to study hard and get good results at school. In fact, good students may just end up doing jobs they don’t like, and some even lead an unhappy life. Why is it like that?
In some parents’ eyes, school grades matter most for their kids. In reality, there are many things to consider besides the school subjects, for example, how to be a happy person, what to do to keep healthy, and how to get along well with others. That is to say, school is not just enough if you want to have a great life.
Doing well in school is different from doing well in life. Studies show that people who failed at school may not end up failing in life. You may have already known that some famous people, like Thomas Edison and Steve Jobs, didn’t do very well at school or even failed to finish school. In fact, there are a lot more than just the big shots who are successful in life without finishing school. They seize (抓住) every chance to learn and finally make it to the top.
Life is really a long lesson, so long that you can’t define (界定) a person’s success by just one section (部分) of it. If you have already finished school, keep learning because what you have learned at school will never be enough to live a satisfying life. If you are still studying, whether you are good or bad at school, don’t take your school results too seriously as long as you have put your heart into it. Keep learning to make the most of your talents (天赋). That’s how you can live a happy and successful life.
28．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing Paragraph (段落) One?
A．To introduce a topic. B．To give examples. C．To provide a solution.
29．In some parents’ eyes, what’s the most important for their kids based on Paragraph Two?
A．Being happy. B．Staying healthy. C．Getting good grades.
30．What does the underlined expression “big shots” in the third paragraph mean?
A．好学生 B．神枪手 C．大人物
31．According to the passage, which sentence may agree with the writer’s idea?
A．It takes money to be successful. B．School grades aren’t everything. C．Successful people never finish school.
32．What can we infer (推断) from the text?
A．Old habits die hard. B．Learning is a lifelong journey. C．Good grades always promise a successful life.
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。在学校学习成绩好可以和未来的成功划等号吗？其实学校中的常胜将军可能并非人生赢家，反之亦然。
28．推理判断题。根据“In fact, good students may just end up doing jobs they don’t like, and some even lead an unhappy life. Why is it like that?”可知作者写第一段是为了引出学习成绩好并不能和未来的成功划等号这一话题。故选A。
29．细节理解题。根据“In some parents’ eyes, school grades matter most for their kids.”可知在一些家长的眼里，学习成绩对孩子们来说才是最重要的。故选C。
30．词义猜测题。根据“who are successful in life without finishing school”可知此处指的是没上学就取得成功的大人物，big shots意为“大人物”。故选C。
31．观点态度题。根据“That is to say, school is not just enough if you want to have a great life.”可知想要拥有美好生活，只成绩好是不够的，由此可知“学校成绩并不代表一切。”这一句符合作者的观点。故选B。
32．推理判断题。根据“If you have already finished school, keep learning because what you have learned at school will never be enough to live a satisfying life.”可知即使完成学业了也要继续学习，学习是一个终生旅程。故选B。
（2021·陕西中考真题） Look at the Earth from space. Why does our planet look so blue? It’s blue because water covers almost three quarters of the Earth’s surface. Water is not just an important part of our planet. It is an important part of our body, too. More than half of our total body weight is water.
Our body loses water whenever we exercise or go to the toilet. That’s why we need to drink plenty of water every day. We drink water. We use it to cook, clean, and carry waste out of our homes. Farmers use it to grow vegetables and crops like rice and corn; factories use it to make products.
Since the 1950s, the amount（数量）of water people use has increased by three times. But the water supply（供应）hasn’t. Scientists worry that soon there won’t be enough water for us, as well as for the animals and plants that share our world. What can we do to help? Use water wisely.
Having enough water isn’t our only problem. We also need it clean.
Right now, ships and factories are putting wastes into seas, rivers and so on. Even chemicals that farmers use are running into rivers and lakes. All this pollution can make the water dangerous to drink. It can also harm fish and other water-living lives.
We must do something to stop pollution. It’s the best way to protect our world’s most valuable natural resource（资源）.
33．How many important areas of water are mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
34．The underlined sentence “We also need it clean” in Paragraph 4 means” ________.”
A．We also need water to wash things B．We also need water that looks clean
C．We also need to keep water clean D．We also need to discover clean water
35．This passage was written to ________.
A．ask people to value water B．advise people to drink more water
C．introduce the uses of water D．describe the situation of water supply
【分析】本文介绍了水资源对我们的重要性，以及它现在所面临的问题，呼吁人们要珍惜水资源。
33．节理解题。根据“Water is not just an important part of our planet. It is an important part of our body, too”可知，水不仅仅是地球的重要组成部分，它也是我们身体的一个重要部分；一共提到了两个水资源的重要区域，故选B。
34．句意猜测题。根据下文“Right now, ships and factories are putting wastes into seas, rivers and so on”可知，下文讲述了水污染的情况，所以我们必须要保持水资源是干净的，划线句子与C选项的句子同义，故选C。
35．主旨大意题。根据“We must do something to stop pollution. It’s the best way to protect our world’s most valuable natural resource”可知，作者的目的是让人们珍惜水资源，故选A。
【2020年】
2020年中考真题英语分项汇编

Passage 1【2020 •黔南州】
Do you pay with paper money, credit (信用的) card, or your phone when you go sopping? People in China may pay with WeChat (微信) on the phones. We seldom use paper money.
While WeChat Pay is now a part of life in our country, this way of paying also appears in other countries. A lot of foreign companies and traders have to accept it. According to Xinhua News, about 13 foreign countries have WeChat Pay services for Chinese travelers.
Is it good or bad to use WeChat Pay? Will people no longer use paper money in the future? Some discussions appear on the Internet.
"I don't think so. Nearly half of Chinese people live in the countryside. People there can't enjoy it without good Internet service. And most old people like to use paper money." said Winnie.
"WeChat Pay is convenient and safe. We needn't tell if the money is real or fake. But paper money is just the opposite. We should encourage people to use WeChat Pay more." said a wise man.
"For a long time, people will use different payment ways," said Sunshine. "Traders should allow people to choose the ways they like to pay."
Will paper money disappear in the future? What's your ideas about it?
41. When we pay with WeChat, we need to use our __________.
A. phones B. paper money C. credit cards D. wallet
42. A wise man thought __________.
A. it was not safe if people don't use paper money B. WeChat Pay was convenient and safe
C. people would go on using paper money in the future D. old people like to use paper money more
43. The underlined word "fake" in Paragraph 5 may mean __________.
A. 脏的 B. 麻烦的 C. 假的 D. 残缺的
44. From the passage, we can know __________.
A. only Chinese people use WeChat Pay
B. Chinese travelers can use WeChat Pay in about 13 foreign countries
C. people use WeChat Pay more than paper money in the world
D. paper money will surely disappear in the future
45. What's the best title for this passage?
A. Why People Use WeChat Pay? B. WeChat Payment in China.
C. Will Paper Money Disappear? D. Payment Ways in the Future.
本文主要介绍了微信支付越来越受人们的欢迎，然而纸币是否会消失呢? 不同的人有不同的看法。
41.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“People in China may pay with WeChat (微信) on the phones.”，可知中国人可以用手机微信支付，故选A。
42.B【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段a wise man 说话的内容中“WeChat Pay is convenient and safe.”，可知智者认为微信支付方便安全，故选B。
43.C【解析】词义猜测题。根据句子“We needn't tell if the money is real or fake.”中的real“真实的”，意为我们不需要去分辨钱是真的还是假的。可知fake表示“假的”之意，故选C。
44.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“While WeChat Pay is now a part of life in our country, this way of paying also appears in other countries虽然微信支付已经成为我国生活的一部分，但这种支付方式在其他国家也出现过。”，可知选项A是错误的；根据第二段“According to Xinhua News, about 13 foreign countries have WeChat Pay services for Chinese travelers. 据新华社报道，大约有13个国家为中国游客提供微信支付服务。”，可知选项B是正确的；根据Winnie说话的内容，可知选项C表述错误；文章未提到纸币一定会消失，所以选项D表述错误。故选B。
45.D【解析】最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文通过微信支付引出纸币是否会消失，讨论了两种支付方式，以及未来的纸币是否会完全消失，可知，Payment Ways in the Future.是最佳标题，故选D。
Passage 2【2020 •河北省】
In class, students are sharing their dream jobs.
Jacob: I'd like to be a mountain-climbing guide for several reasons. Number One, mountain climbing is very exciting. Mountain-climbing guides get to climb tall, dangerous mountains, right? Number Two, I enjoy working outdoors and helping others. Number Three, mountain-climbing guides travel widely and meet many fun people.
Fred: My choice is to be a vet（兽医）. Why? I like animals. Animals bring a lot of joy to our lives, but they ask for little in return. I also enjoy helping animals and their owners feel better. Pet owners are happy when their pets are well. Finally, vets get to work with other people who like animals.
Anne: Ha, my dream job? An accountant （会计）! I think it's interesting. I'm good at numbers, you know, and I also like helping people manage their money. Good accountants are well paid, and I want to manage my own money, of course. But the most important of all, accountants mostly work alone, and I like to work alone.
Jessica: I'd like to become an animator（动画片制作者）and make films like Toy Story, Shrek, and Cars. You see, I love drawing and I love working on computers. I'd like to help people relax and enjoy their life. Animators can make a lot of money, too.
21. Jacob's dream job is to be .
A. a vet B. an animator
C. an accountant D. a mountain-climbing guide
22. What is Anne's main reason for her dream job？
A. The job is interesting. B. The job is well paid.
C. She is good at numbers. D. She likes to work by herself.
23. What do the four students have in common?
A. They enjoy working outside. B. They enjoy offering help to others.
C. They hope to meet fun people. D. They hope to make a lot of money.
文章大意：文中四个学生分享了各自梦想中的工作，并且分别给出了各自的原因。
21.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中"I'd like to be a mountain-climbing guide for several reasons."可知Jacob梦想中的职业是成为一名登山向导。故选D。
22.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中"But the most important of all, accountants mostly work alone, and I like to work alone."可知最重要是会计可以独自工作，并且Anne很喜欢独自工作。故选D。
23.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中"Number Two, I enjoy working outdoors and helping others."、第三段中"I also enjoy helping animals and their owners feel better."、第四段中"... and I also like helping people manage their money."及最后一段中"I'd like to help people relax and enjoy their life."可知这四个学生的共同点是喜欢帮助其他人。故选B。
Passage 3【2020 •河北省】
Everyone needs help sometimes. People depend on one another. That's why communities have special people ready to lend a helping hand to anyone who needs it.
For example, what would we do without a community fire station？ If a home catches on fire,as the Jackson place did last week, it might be burned down and people get hurt…or worse. We're so lucky to have firemen to come to save people and put out the fire, safely. If the fire station hadn't come so fast, the Jacksons might have lost everything.
And what about our local police who protect our families, our homes and valuable things?The police have helped so many families this past year, especially saving people and pets and protecting our houses and other things after the heavy rains.
Think about all the other service workers we have in this community, We have people who collect waste and rubbish and keep our community sanitary, We have road workers who put up and repair traffic signs and fix holes in the streets to protect not just us, but our cars! And where would this community be without the teachers in our school and the doctors, and nurses in our community hospitals?
Think again about what we eat every day; think again about what we wear every day. We cannot produce them, but we use them all the time. We get a lot from all these tireless workers who keep our community running. We need these people in the community. We depend on each other. Let's support each other and help each other. Only in this way can we make our community a better place.
31. What happened to the Jacksons last week？
A. Their pets were lost. B. Their car was badly burnt.
C. Their house caught on fire. D. Their valuable things were stolen.
32. Who offered help to families after the heavy rains?
A. Firemen B. Doctors C. Road workers D. Local police
33. What does the underlined word "sanitary" mean?
A. Clean B. Safe C. Quiet D. Busy
34. Which question could best help us find out the writer's purpose？
A. Did the writer make us laugh?
B. Did the writer want us to do something？
C. Did the writer tell us about how to become a teacher?
D. Did the writer teach us what to do when a fire breaks out?
35. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Policemen Save People's Lives B. People Depend on Each Other.
C. Service Workers Do Important Jobs D. Workers Keep Community Running
本文讲述了社区有一些特殊的人群随时准备向其他人伸出援手，是因为每个人都有需要帮助的时候，并举例说明了对应的故事。
31.C【解析】细节理解题。根据If a home catches on fire,as the Jackson place did last week, it might be burned down and people get hurt“如果一个房子着火了，就像杰克逊上周那样，那可能被烧毁并且人会受伤”，可知，杰克逊上周家里着火了。故选C。
32.D【解析】细节理解题。根据The police have helped so many families this past year, especially saving people and pets and protecting our houses and other things after the heavy rains“在过去的这年里，警察帮助了如此多的家庭，特别是在大雨之后拯救了人们，宠物和保护我们的房子及其他的东西”，可知，大雨后警察给人们提供帮助。故选D。
33.A【解析】词句猜测题。clean干净的；safe安全的；quiet安静的；busy忙碌的。根据We have people who collect waste and rubbish，可知，收集废品和垃圾的人会让社区变得干净，所以sanitary表示“干净的”。故选A。
34.B【解析】观点态度题。根据第一段Everyone needs help sometimes. People depend on one another. That's why communities have special people ready to lend a helping hand to anyone who needs it，可知，作者通过本文主要向告诉我们，每个人都需要别人的帮助，人们也是彼此依赖的。这也是为什么社区总有一些特殊的人群随时准备向其他人伸出援手。结合所给选项，只有D选项“作者想要让我们做一些事”表现作者的意图是关于互相帮助的内容。故选B。
35.B【解析】最佳标题。根据Everyone needs help sometimes. People depend on one another，可知，本文讲述了每个人都有需要帮助的时候，人们总是彼此依赖，并举例说明了社区中一些特殊的人群对于人们的帮助，所以最适合本文的标题是“人们彼此依赖”。故选B
Passage 4【2020 •东营市】
A tornado（龙卷风）is a kind of strong storm with air which moves in a circle quickly. They can move over 200 miles per hour and cause a lot of damage（损坏）. As they move across the land, they can easily pick up cars, trucks, and even houses, and then throw them very far. It is important to find a safe place if a tornado gets close.
A safe place could be a basement（地下室）or the lowest floor. If you are in a home without a basement, try to find a first-floor bathroom or a small room without windows in the middle of your house. You should curl up（蜷缩）into a ball and cover your head and neck with your hands.
But there are some people who actually want to get close to tornadoes. They are scientists who want to learn more about tornadoes. One of the best ways to do this is to get as close as possible to the tornado. They use special tools to measure （测量） what is happening in and around a tornado.
One special tool is called a tornado probe（探测仪）. Inside the tornado probe, there are sensors（传感器）to measure wind speed, temperature, pressure, and direction. Some probes even have cameras, so the scientists can see and understand what it’s like to be in a tornado.
To be able to get these measurements, the scientists have to get a tornado probe near or into a tornado. Scientists will try to guess where a tornado will go next. Then they drive to that location and put down the probe. If they do not guess correctly, they pick up their probe and try another place. If they are right, the tornado will go near or even right over the probe. Then they take all of the measurements from the probe and use them to predict where future tornadoes may form（形成）and travel. And they can give people some warning to keep away from a dangerous tornado.
36. If a tornado gets close, what should people do to keep safe?
A. Go to a basement. B. Find a small room.
C. Stay in a bathroom. D. Curl the legs up.
37. What can the sensor in a probe NOT do?
A. Measure wind speed and temperature. B. Take photos and videos.
C. Measure wind temperature and pressure. D. Measure wind speed and direction.
38. Which statement about the scientists is TRUE?
A. They risk their lives studying tornadoes.
B. They can easily put the probe in the right place.
C. They get close to a tornado to admire it.
D. With the help of the measurements, they can prevent the tornado forming.
39. The passage mainly tells us ________.
A. what a tornado is
B. how dangerous a tornado is
C. where a tornado may form and travel
D. how scientists do research work on tornadoes
40. You may find this passage in ________.
A. a novel B. a storybook C. a guidebook D. a science magazine
本文主要介绍了科学家如何探测及研究龙卷风。
36.A【解析】细节理解题。根据It is important to find a safe place if a tornado gets close. A safe place could be a basement（地下室）or the lowest floor，可知，当龙卷风靠近时，要找一个最低层或地下室这样的安全地方。故选A。
37.B【解析】细节理解题。根据Inside the tornado probe, there are sensors（传感器）to measure wind speed, temperature, pressure, and direction，可知，传感器可以测量风速，温度，压力及方向。结合所给选项，只有B不符合。故选B。
38.A【解析】推理判断题。根据To be able to get these measurements, the scientists have to get a tornado probe near or into a tornado，可知，为了得到这些测量数据，科学家必须冒着生命危险把探测器靠近龙卷风或进入龙卷风里，所以A选项正确。根据Scientists will try to guess where a tornado will go next. Then they drive to that location and put down the probe. If they do not guess correctly, they pick up their probe and try another place，可知，科学家要尝试猜测龙卷风下一步会去哪里，然后把探测器放在这个位置，如果猜错了，还要去尝试另外一个地方，说明把探测器放在合适的位置并不是那么容易，所以B选项错误。根据They are scientists who want to learn more about tornadoes，可知，科学家靠近龙卷风是为了更多地了解它，所以C选项错误。根据Then they take all of the measurements from the probe and use them to predict where future tornadoes may form（形成）and travel. And they can give people some warning to keep away from a dangerous tornado，可知，在测量数据的帮助下，科学家可以预测未来龙卷风在哪里形成，这样可以给到人们一些警示来远离危险的龙卷风，所以D选项错误。故选A。
39.D【解析】主旨大意题。根据本文第二段到最后一段，可知，本文主要讲述了科学家如何研究龙卷风。故选D。
40.D【解析】推理判断题。通读全文，可知，本文主要讲述了科学家如何研究龙卷风，这篇文章最有可能在科学杂志上看到。故选D。
Passage 5【2020 •广西北部湾经济区】
China gets greener
President Xi Jinping said "clear waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets(绿水青山就是金山银山)". With the efforts of China's government and its people, the rate of forest coverage(森林覆盖率)in China has reached 22. 96%, compared to 5. 05% forty years ago, according to a recent report from the State Forestry and Grassland Administration (SFGA).
Over the past forty years, China planted billions of trees as part of its fight against expanding(延伸的)deserts, mostly in its north. Each year, people sow seedlings(播种)over an area nearly the size of Ireland, according to Nature.
In 1978, China began a nationwide tree-planting programme known as the Three North Shelterbelt Forest Programme, also known as "the Great Green Wall". It has helped to plant more than 66 billion trees across 13 provinces in the country's north to act as windbreaks(防风林), according to China Daily.
Since 2018, SFGA has made more efforts to build a greener country. Its purpose is to grow at least 6. 7 million hectares(公顷)of forest every year in the next 15 years. Besides planting more trees, China has tried to bring back grasslands. It has also used strict forest protection methods and banned(禁止)all commercial logging(商业伐木)since last August.
The high-speed growth of forests cannot happen without public participation(参与). For example, Ant Forest, an Alipay mobile payment app, plants real tees for users who get "green energy" by taking part in low-carbon(低碳)activities. Since 2016, it has helped to plant about 122 million trees in China's driest areas.
China was praised as "one of the most successful countries worldwide in greening the desert" by United Nations Environment Programme Executive Director Erik Solheim.
36. What was the rate of forest coverage forty years ago?
A. 5. 05%. B. 17. 91%. C. 22. 96%. D. 28. 01%.
37. Over the past forty years, China has planted billions of trees to ________.
A. turn deserts into green land B. create a green area in the desert
C. stop deserts from expanding D. build an area nearly the size of Ireland
38. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Windbreaks have covered across all provinces of China.
B. In 1978, China succeeded in building "the Great Green Wall.
C. China has grown 6. 7 million hectares of forest since 2018.
D. Since 1978, over 66 billion trees have been planted to act as windbreaks.
39. What did China do to build a greener country?
A. Tried to bring back grasslands. B. Made strict forest protection methods.
C. Banned commercial logging. D. All of the above.
40. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A. Ant Forest plants real trees for all Chinese people.
B. Everybody can help build a greener country.
C. China's forest coverage is the highest in the world.
D. China was praised for no deserts in northern China.
习近平总书记曾经说过“绿水青山就是金山银山”，中国在注重经济发展的同时，对于环境的保护也没有松懈过。这篇短文详细介绍了中国对保护环境、植树造林所做的努力。
36.A【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一段“With the efforts of China's government and its people, the rate of forest coverage(森林覆盖率)in China has reached 22. 96%, compared to 5. 05% forty years ago”可知，四十年前，中国的森林覆盖率是5.05%。故选A。
37.C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第二段“Over the past forty years, China planted billions of trees as part of its fight against expanding(延伸的)deserts, mostly in its north.”可知，中国种植了数以十亿计的树木，是为了抵抗不断扩大的沙漠。故选C。
38.D【解析】推理判断题。根据短文第三段的内容可知，从1978年起，中国开始在全国范围内植树造林。种植了超过660亿棵树，作为防风林。D选项符合文意，故选D。根据第三段“It has helped to plant more than 66 billion trees across 13 provinces in the country's north to act as windbreaks(防风林), according to China Daily.”可知A不对；根据“In 1978, China began a nationwide tree-planting programme known as the Three North Shelterbelt Forest Programme, also known as "the Great Green Wall".”可知，中国从1978年开始修建“绿色长城”，并不是已经成功建成，故B不对；根据第四段“Since 2018, SFGA has made more efforts to build a greener country. Its purpose is to grow at least 6. 7 million hectares(公顷)of forest every year in the next 15 years.”可知C不对。
39.D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第四段“Besides planting more trees, China has tried to bring back grasslands. It has also used strict forest protection methods and banned(禁止)all commercial logging(商业伐木)since last August.”可知，为了建设更加绿色的国家，中国不仅种植更多的树木，还试图恢复草原、使用严格的森林保护方法、禁止商业伐木。A、B和C三个选项在文章中都提到了。故选D。
40.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段的开头“The high-speed growth of forests cannot happen without public participation(参与).”可知，中国森林覆盖率的高速增长离不开公众的参与，并举了支付宝的蚂蚁森林的例子。由此可知，为了建设一个绿色的国家，每个人都可以贡献自己的力量。故选B。
Passage 6【2020 •遵义市】
China has accepted western fashion and technology as it has developed these years, but a lot of young people are turning to the past for their clothes choices and putting on traditional "hanfu".
As the government encourages the renaissance (复兴) of traditional culture, hanfu is getting more and more popular with the teenagers. Every year, we can enjoy different hanfu shows around the cities. These shows bring us back to Han dynasty. We learn more about the history, culture and beauty from them.
Hanfu hasn't been in the same style since Han dynasty. However, this kind of clothes has something in common. They all have large soft robes (袍子), with sleeves that hang down to the knees, so the hands can't be seen.
In modern China, the hanfu lovers are from history fans, cartoon fans to clothes fans.
"Clothes are the basic part of culture, so both the traditional clothes and modern clothes play the same role in culture," said Zhang Jun, a famous reporter. "If the people and the country do not even understand our traditional clothes or don't wear them, how can we talk about other important parts of our culture?"
26. What clothes does the passage talk about?
A. B. C. D.
27. Han fu is getting more and more popular because ________.
A. China has accepted western fashion B. China has accepted western technology
C. China has developed in recent years D. the government encourages traditional culture
28. Who are hanfu lovers in China nowadays?
A. History fans. B. Cartoon fans. C. Clothes fans. D. All of the above.
29. What does the underlined word "sleeves" mean?
A. 衣领 B. 衣袖 C. 纽扣 D. 拉链
30. According to Zhang Jun, he thinks ________.
A. clothes are not the part of culture B. it's not necessary for us to wear hanfu
C. clothes help us understand our culture better D. hanfu isn't so important as modern clothes
文章介绍的是随着传统文化的复兴，汉服变得越来越受欢迎了，以及汉服的样子，和所代表的文化意义。
26.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中They all have large soft robes (袍子), with sleeves that hang down to the knees, so the hands can’t be seen. 它们都有大而柔软的长袍，袖子垂到膝盖，所以手看不见。可知与描述相符的是A选项中的图片，故选A。
27.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文中As the government encourages the renaissance (复兴) of traditional culture, hanfu is getting more and more popular with the teenagers.可知，随着政府鼓励传统文化的复兴，汉服越来越受到青少年的欢迎。故选D。
28.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文中In modern China, the hanfu lovers are from history fans, cartoon fans to clothes fans.可知，在现代中国，汉服爱好者从历史迷、卡通迷到服装迷。故选D。
29.B【解析】词义猜测题。根据文中They all have large soft robes (袍子), with sleeves that hang down to the knees, so the hands can’t be seen. 他们都有大而柔软的长袍，……垂到膝盖，所以手看不见。可知，这里的sleeves指的是“袖子”，故选B。
30.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“Clothes are the basic part of culture, so both the traditional clothes and modern clothes play the same role in culture,” said Zhang Jun, a famous reporter. “If the people and the country do not even understand our traditional clothes or don’t wear them, how can we talk about other important parts of our culture?” 著名记者张军说：“服装是文化的基本组成部分，所以传统服装和现代服装在文化中起着同样的作用。如果人民和国家连我们的传统服装都不懂，或者不穿，我们怎么谈我们文化的其他重要部分呢？”可知，衣服能帮助我们更好地了解我们的文化，故选C。
Passage 7【2020 •山西省】
请阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

These days, teenagers are heavily influenced by the media. Many of them have watched thousands of hours of TV. That's more time than they spend with teachers at school. And we haven't yet considered the hours they spend using the Internet and reading newspapers.
However, several studies have shown a serious problem: today's teenagers lack media literacy (媒体素养). In other words, they have difficultly critically thinking about the information they see. One study that was done on middle school students showed that more than 80 percent of them couldn't tell the difference between real stories and ads that looked like news.
Standford professor Kevin John teaches a class called Media Effects. He tries to help his students learn media literacy. The professor gave an example that shows why media literacy is important. In the example, two news stations report a snowstorm. One focuses on (关注) the terrible road conditions. The other focuses on kids playing in the snow. "With a news story. news stations tell you what they feel are the important details (细节). These details mostly depend on the opinions of the news director." said John. "A person who has media literacy would realize that each story is about one side at this time. There is more going on."
Some experts think shoe is the best place to teach media literacy. Other believe everyone—form parents to reporters—should help teenagers learn the skills.
As for the best time to start learning media literacy, many experts suggest the age of 12. But some basic ideas can be taught even earlier. "It's never too early to start learning media literacy," John said.
29. From the first paragraph, we can learn that teenagers today spend more time ______.
A. using the Internet than watching TV
B. watching TV than studying at school
C. studying at school than reading newspapers
30. The underlined word "lack" in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.
A. 缺乏 B. 质疑 C. 误解
31. The example shows that a person who has media literacy _______about a news story.
A. should have the same opinions as others
B. could think about is good and bad sides
C. must know about all the important details
32. Professor Kevin John would agree that _______.
A. everyone is supposed to help children learn different skills
B. children should be taught media literacy as early as possible
C. news directors should report the news children are interested in
33. The main idea of the passage is _______.
A. how to develop teenagers' media literacy
B. where teenagers should be taught media literacy
C. why teenagers are supposed to have media literacy
这是一篇议论文，文章讲述学生对于看到的信息缺乏批判性的思考，有必要让学生有媒体修养；有媒体修养的人对于新闻故事会思考好的和不好的一面；越早教孩子们媒体修养越好。
29.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Many of them have watched thousands of hours of TV. That's more time than they spend with teachers at school”可知和在学校的时间相比，现在的青少年花更多的时间看电视。故选B。
30.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据“In other words, they have difficultly critically thinking about the information they see”他们对于他们看到的信息缺乏批判性的思考，此处lack意思是“缺乏”。故选A。
31.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“A person who has media literacy would realize that each story is about one side at this time. There is more going on”可知举例是为了显示有媒体修养的人对于新闻故事会思考好的和不好的一面。故选B。
32.B【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“It's never too early to start learning media literacy”可知Kevin John教授认为越早教孩子们媒体修养越好，故选B。
33.C【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是让学生有媒体修养的必要性。可概括为why teenagers are supposed to have media literacy。故选C。
Passage 8【2020 •绵阳市】
Life is competitive - some kids can do something faster or better than other kids. This might not seem fair, but all people are different and how well you can do something is different to others. This means there are “winners" and “losers", and lots of people are neither winners nor losers but in-between. You can choose to be a good winner or an even better loser whether you are competing against others or yourself.
Being a “good” winner
No one likes a “show off”.
No one likes someone who takes all the praise for the efforts of a team.
No one likes people who put others down to make themselves look good.
To be a good winner you need to:
◆Be modest(谦虚).
◆ Thank those who helped you for their efforts.
◆ Keep trying to improve your skills.
◆Aim for the next step up in whatever you are doing well.
Being an even better loser
Of course it’s disappointing to lose, especially if you are close to winning. Behaving badly or angrily, name-calling and going on about things being “unfair” won’t change the final result and will only make you look like a bad sport. And no one likes bad sports either.
To be an even better loser you need to :
◆ Behave politely, nicely and kindly.
◆ Congratulate the other team.
◆ Keep any negative (消极的) thoughts to yourself - at least until you are away from the game.
It’s Ok to let out your negative thoughts to your best friend or parents later. And if you don’t do very well in a game, try harder to learn for the next one. Improving yourself makes you a winner too.
1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A. We are either losers or winners.
B. We should face winning and losing properly.
C. We can do nothing about winning and losing.
D. We are always competing with others not ourselves.
2. What should a better loser do when losing?
A. Let out his anger to his parents at once.
B. Express his negative feelings in the game.
C. Try harder to improve himself in the next game.
D. Behave badly to his team members or competitors.
3. Which one is not proper if we succeed?
A. Going on improving our skills.
B. Telling our team members to aim higher.
C. Thanking our team members for their efforts.
D. Putting down others to make ourselves look good.
4. Who is probably a bad sport?
A. Tom keeps saying the game is unfair when he loses.
B. Jim encourages his teammates after their team loses.
C. Anna thanks her coach for what he has done though she fails.
D. Cindy shows her congratulations to other competitors even if she fails.
5. What is the passage written for?
A. Telling us what we can learn from losing.
B. Offering advice on what we can do to win.
C. Encouraging us to become a winner instead of a loser.
D. Giving advice on how to deal with winning and losing.
本文是一篇议论文，文章就如何应对输赢给出了一些建议，自己可以选择成为一个好的赢家或一个更好的输家。
1.B【解析】判断推理题。第一段主要介绍了生活中充满了竞争，很多人既不是赢家也不是输家，而是介于两者之间，所以无论是与别人还是与自己竞争，任何人都可以选择成为一个好的赢家或一个更好的输家，从中可以推断出我们应该正确地面对输赢，故选B。
2.C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“And if you don’t do very well in a game, try harder to learn for the next one.”可知如果在一场比赛中表现不佳，那就更加努力地为下一场比赛学习，故选C。
3.D【解析】细节理解题。根据To be a good winner you need to部分中“Thank those who helped you for their efforts.”和“Keep trying to improve your skills.”以及“Aim for the next step up in whatever you are doing well.”可知要成为一个好的赢家，需要感谢那些提供帮助的人、不断提高自己的技能以及着眼于下一个目标等，所以选项A、B和C是恰当做法。根据Being a “good” winner部分中“No one likes people who put others down to make themselves look good.”可知没有人喜欢为了自己好看而贬低别人的人，所以选项D是不恰当的做法。题目要求选择不恰当的做法，故选D。
4.A【解析】细节理解题。根据Being an even better loser部分中“Behaving badly or angrily, name-calling and going on about things being “unfair” won’t change the final result and will only make you look like a bad sport.”可知表现不佳，辱骂或者继续说一些“不公平”的事情不会改变最终的结果，只会让你看起来像个不受欢迎的人，故选A。
5.D【解析】写作目的题。文章介绍了生活中充满了竞争，很多人既不是赢家也不是输家，而是介于两者之间，所以无论是与别人还是与自己竞争，任何人都可以选择成为一个好的赢家或一个更好的输家；接下来文章重点就如何成为一个好的赢家和一个更好的输家分别提出了一些注意事项和建议，故选D。
Passage 9【2020 •绵阳市】
Up to now, Wood has published more than 60 diaries, and he still updates the diaries frequently on social media websites. In his first diary, he mentioned, “news is going around about a bad cold virus in Wuhan, but I feel worlds away from me and few people wear masks in public.”
He recorded in his diaries that thousands of medical workers from different provinces and cities went to Hubei to help with the anti-epidemic (抗疫). Restaurants and shops were closed down, while supermarkets checked people’s body temperatures. And community workers across the country took strict action, asking people to stay at home and helping the old buy daily necessities.
“People in some countries said these measures could cause panic among the public. However, my experience in China shows these efforts are useful and effective, which finally removed people’s fear,” Wood said.
Wood’s diaries soon attracted the world’s attention. Over 10,000 people left him messages on Facebook, and he was interviewed by Canadian CTV which later showed his diaries on its website.
“I also received greetings from my family and friends in Canada. They said they were inspired by the efforts the Chinese have made, he said. “People from some countries thought the Chinese overreacted, and that the Chinese government had overdone in epidemic prevention and control. However,since more countries and regions have been infected(感染) by the virus, more and more people came to realize how proper and important China’s control and prevention measures are.”
Wood is working with the New World Press, which plans to make his diaries a book named The Invisible War. In this book, he hopes to share China’s anti-epidemic experience with more people across the world so they can build confidence to fight against the virus.
11. What can we infer from the first paragraph?
A. People thought the virus spread fast.
B. People failed to realize the danger of the virus.
C. People wore masks in restaurants and supermarkets.
D. People paid enough attention to Wood’s news report.
12. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A. Business people’s work against the virus. B. Different people’s efforts against the virus.
C. Community workers’ key role against the virus. D. Medical workers’ great support against the virus.
13. Which one did Wood agree about China’s anti-epidemic measures?
A. The measures removed people’s fear.
B. The Chinese cared too much about the virus.
C. The measures would make people worry a lot.
D. The government took too strict measures to control the virus.
14. What caused some foreigners to change their thought?
A. People’s infection in more countries and regions.
B. The worldwide news report on China’s measures.
C. Wood’s experience in China shared in his diaries.
D. Chinese people’s working together against the virus.
15. What is The Inuisible War mainly going to talk about?
A. What Wood has experienced at home during the virus.
B. What people in the world have done to fight the virus.
C. What China has done to control and prevent the virus.
D. What Wood’s friends have done to help him fight the virus.
伍德在他的日记中记录了中国在抗击疫情期间所采取的措施，中国的抗疫措施是有用的和有效的，最终消除了人们的恐惧。
11.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“news is going around about a bad cold virus in Wuhan, but I feel worlds away from me and few people wear masks in public”可知，武汉发生重感冒病毒的消息已经传开了，但我感觉很不一样，很少有人在公共场合戴口罩，由此可推断出：人们没有意识到这种病毒的危险。故选B。
12.B【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段中“thousands of medical workers from different provinces and cities went to Hubei to help with the anti-epidemic”、“Restaurants and shops were closed down”和“And community workers across the country took strict action”可知，为了抗击病毒，医护人员、商业人士、社区工作人员都做出了自己的努力，所以第二段主要讲述了不同的人们为了抗击病毒所做出的努力。故选B。
13.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, my experience in China shows these efforts are useful and effective, which finally removed people’s fear.”可知，伍德在中国的经历表明，中国的抗击疫情措施是有用的和有效的，最终消除了人们的恐惧。故选A。
14.A【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“However,since more countries and regions have been infected(感染) by the virus, more and more people came to realize how proper and important China’s control and prevention measures are.”可知，随着越来越多的国家和地区被病毒感染，所以一些外国人改变了他们的看法，越来越多的人开始意识到中国的防控措施是多么的恰当和重要。故选A。
15.C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In this book, he hopes to share China’s anti-epidemic experience with more people across the world so they can build confidence to fight against the virus.”可知，这本书中将会谈到中国在控制和阻击病毒所做过的事情。故选C。
Passage 10【2020 •昆明市】
Yuan Longping, a great scientist, is the first person to develop a kind of hybrid rice （杂交水稻） which helps fight hunger in China.
Food was a big problem in China in the past. This was because China had 22 percent of the world's population, but only 7 percent of its farmland. In the 1960s, China suffered （遭受）serious hunger. Millions of people died because they had no food. As an agronomy （农学） teacher, Yuan was very sad to see this. “How can I help them have enough food?” he thought. He decided to work on a kind of hybrid rice. It has a high output（产量）.
At that time, other scientists didn't think hybrid rice was worth studying. But Yuan and his team worked on it every day. They took very good care of their rice seeds.
At last, in 1973, they grew a new kind of hybrid rice. This rice is strong. Farmers can grow it in many different kinds of farmland and also in bad weather. It can also fight disease. Its output was much greater than common kinds of nice. With the new kind, about 70,000,000 people could have food every year.
Yuan solved the food problem in China. But he is still working on rice. Before he retires （退休）, he hopes to grow rice in the sea!
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
36. Why was food a big problem in China in the past?
A. Because farmers didn't grow nice.
B. Because farmers didn't have rice seeds.
C. Because China had no money to buy plenty of food.
D. Because China had a large population but a little farmland.
37. How did Yuan Longping help people have enough food?
A. He discovered another kind of food.
B. He borrowed enough food from other countries.
C. He developed a kind of hybrid rice with his team.
D. He started being an agronomy teacher to study nice.
38. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the new kind of hybrid rice?
A. It is able to fight disease. B. It is grown across the world.
C. Its output is much higher. D. It can be grown in different farmland.
39. Yuan Longping wishes to before he retires.
A. grow rice in the sea B. have a good rest
C. keep several pet cats D. help people in Africa
40. What does this passage mainly talk about?
A. The new kind of hybrid rice is worth studying.
B. The new kind of hybrid rice was invented in China.
C. Yuan Longping grew the new kind of hybrid rice for many years.
D. Yuan Longping has played an important role in solving China's food problem.
袁隆平，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，他研究的杂交水稻，提高了粮食产量，为我国解决了重要的粮食问题。这篇短文给我们介绍了袁隆平研究杂交水稻的背景以及他做出的贡献。
36.D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第二段“Food was a big problem in China in the past. This was because China had 22 percent of the world's population, but only 7 percent of its farmland.”可知，在过去，粮食是中国的大问题，因为中国有世界22%的人口，但只有7%的耕地。故选D。
37.C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第二段““How can I help them have enough food?” he thought. He decided to work on a kind of hybrid rice.”和第四段“At last, in 1973, they grew a new kind of hybrid rice.”可知，袁隆平和他的团队种植了一种新的杂交水稻，这种水稻能对抗疾病、产量高，因而解决了中国的粮食问题。故选C。
38.B【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第四段“At last, in 1973, they grew a new kind of hybrid rice. This rice is strong. Farmers can grow it in many different kinds of farmland and also in bad weather. It can also fight disease. Its output was much greater than common kinds of nice.”可知，文章中提到了这种水稻产量高、能抵抗疾病、能在不同的耕地上种植，B选项“它在全世界种植”没有提到。故选B。
39.A【解析】细节理解题。根据短文最后一段“Before he retires, he hopes to grow rice in the sea!”可知，袁隆平在退休之前，希望能够在大海里种植水稻。故选A。
40.D【解析】主旨大意题。根据文意以及短文第一段“Yuan Longping, a great scientist, is the first person to develop a kind of hybrid rice which helps fight hunger in China.”可知，这篇短文主要讲述了袁隆平和他的团队是如何研究种植杂交水稻，帮助中国解决粮食问题的。D选项最符合文意，故选D。
Passage 11【2020 •安徽省】
What Will You Do with A Dollar？
■ I will hide the dollar in the most beautiful place that I can find, and then create a map to the dollar. I hope someone will discover this map years later and have a magic travel to go on.
Philip Stockton
■ I will buy a cup of coffee for the most successful person in New York and ask for his/her secret of success.
Patrick Martine
■ A single dollar gets me almost nothing, so I will get my friends together and ask each of them to give a dollar. We will give an open-air concert in our town. I hope the show can brighten the day of the town.
David Andrew
■ In my travels, I find people need clean drinking water most. I once saw in Africa 40 to 50 people travel 25 miles for water. So I will use the dollar to provide free drinking water for people in need.
Ben Harrison
Follow us on https://justforfun.com/art of living for more.
36．What will Patrick Martine do with a dollar?
A．To create a tourist map. B．To go on a magic trip.
C．To ask for the secret of success. D．To give an open-air concert.
37．Who wants to help people in need of free drinking water?
A．Philip Stockton. B．Patrick Martine.
C．David Andrew. D．Ben Harrison
38．Where does the text probably come from?
A．A film magazine. B．A science report.
C．A website. D．A travel guide.

本文是四个人围绕 “你会用一美元做什么”这个话题，介绍自己的想法。
36．C【解析】细节理解题。根据I will buy a cup of coffee for the most successful person in New York and ask for his/her secret of success，可知，帕特里克会用一美元买杯咖啡给纽约最成功的人，并向他或她询问成功的秘诀，故选C。
37．D【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段So I will use the dollar to provide free drinking water for people in need，可知，本会用一美元给需要的人们提供免费饮用水，故选D。
38．C【解析】细节理解题。根据Follow us on https://justforfun.com/art of living for more，可知，本篇文章是摘自一个网站。故选C。
Passage 12【2020 •安徽省】
In the past, I thought I was terrible at many things, such as math, French and science. Although I was good at drawing, I wasn't the best in my art class. I wanted to find out who I was, what I liked and how I could do it better. So, that winter, I took a notebook and kept my diary. When I filled that notebook. I started another one, and then another.
Keeping a diary helps a lot. Studies have shown that people who keep a diary sleep and feel better. It helps people remember what once happened such as dreams, friendships and happiness. Writing about bad feelings can also help brains get over them and move on. Personally, I learn better about myself and my relationships with others by keeping a diary. For example, when I am fighting with my dad, I'll try writing from his point and it works! If I want to compare myself with my classmates. I'll write something like, "I might not have clear skin, but I like my eyes.”
Right about now, you might be thinking: it sounds great, but I'm not a good writer; or I'd love to keep a diary, but my handwriting is terrible. Don’t worry! Keeping a diary is not like doing your homework —there are no rules, so do whatever feels best.
43．What was the writer good at in the past?
A．Math B．French. C．Science. D．Drawing.
44．What does the underlined word “them” refer to(指的是)?
A．Studies B．Bad feelings C．Friendships. D．Brains
45．What is the second paragraph(段落) mainly about?
A．Reasons for fighting with Dad. B．Rules of comparing with others.
C．Ways of having clear skin. D．Advantages of keeping a diary.
本文主要讲的是作者为什么开始写日记，以及写日记的好处和如何写日记。
43．D【解析】细节理解题。根据“Although I was good at drawing,”可知，过去我擅长绘画，故选D。
44．B【解析】词句猜测题。根据“Writing about bad feelings can also help brains get over them and move on.”（记录下不良情绪也可以帮助大脑克服它们，继续前进。）可知，这里的them指代的是bad feelings，故选B。
45．D【解析】段落归纳题。根据“Keeping a diary helps a lot.”并结合全段可知，本段主要讲的是写日记的好处，故选D。
Passage 13 【2020 •安徽省】
The local people of La Gomera can carry on conversations by whistling(吹口哨) from far away. For face-to-face conversations, they speak Spanish. But when they need to speak over a distance(距离), they whistle.
La Gomera is a small island. This island is almost shaped like a circle. It is very mountainous. Walking from one place to another may be a slow and difficult job. That is why whistling is so useful to the local people. A message can easily be whistled over a couple of miles, while to travel that same distance on foot might take an hour.
A good whistler can be heard and understood five miles away. His whistling can be farther away when it is windless. It is said that the record is about nine miles. Anyone who has heard a top whistler will agree that this record is quite possible.
A whistle travels farther than a shout, and is easier to understand. When a person shouts, he cannot pronounce his words well. But if a whistle is heard, it will be heard clearly.
Whistling is popular at La Gomera, and many methods of whistling are used …
49．How do people of La Gomera speak over a distance?
A．By shouting. B．By whistling. C．By travelling. D．By recording.
50．What can we know about La Gomera from Paragraph 2?
A．It is very mountainous. B．It lies between two circles.
C．It is easy to travel there. D．It is hard to find a job there.
51．What helps a whistle travel farther?
A．A windless day. B．A long distance.
C．A useful message. D．A clear pronunciation.
52．What will the writer talk about in the last paragraph?
A．Disadvantages of whistling. B．Stories of a top whistler.
C．Different methods of whistling. D．Examples of good whistlers.
文章大意：文章介绍了一个特殊的地方La Gomera，这里的人离得远的时候使用口哨语言彼此交流。
49．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第1段中“The local people of La Gomera can carry on conversations by whistling from far away. ”可知La Gomera的人们离得远时通过吹口哨交流。故选B。
50．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第2段中“It is very mountainous.”可知La Gomera是多山的。故选A。
51．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第3段中“His whistling can be farther away when it is windless.”可知在没有风的时候，哨声可以传得更远。所以无风的天有助于哨声的传播，故选A。
52．C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“many methods of whistling are used …”可推断最后一段将要谈论不同的吹口哨方法。故选C。
Passage 14【2020 •广东省深圳市】
Teens and kids are reading a lot less for fun, according to a recent report.
Although the decline(下降) in the past ten years is very surprising for teen readers, some data(数据) in the report shows that reading is still a big part of many children’s lives.
According to the report, the number or teens who hardly read has gone up from 8 percent to 25 percent today. The report data shows that kids’ reading ability remains almost the same. However, the amount of reading time has fallen, from about an hour every day to half an hour.
As for children’s e-reading, the report mentions little about its effects. But it says that many parents choose to control the time spent on e-books, mainly because they are worried about the increased screen time. After all, it is important to protect their kids’ eyes.
The most helpful part in the report is parents’ effects on their children. It shows that parents are examples and important guides for them in reading. If parents read more and find more time to read with their children, it turns out that their children actually read more often.
As summer vacation arrives, parents might take this chance to step in, make a reading list and enjoy the pleasant family reading time.
38．What do we know about children’s fun reading time?
A．It is much shorter. B．It stays the same.
C．It is much longer. D．It changes a little.
39．Why do many parents control e-reading?
A．It can waste kids’ time. B．E-books are not so important.
C．It can harm kids’ health. D．E-books are a waste of money.
40．How should parents encourage children’s reading?
A．By making reading plans. B．By setting good examples.
C．By praising kids’ reading. D．By offering different books.
41．What’s the writing purpose of the last paragraph?
A．To prevent e-reading. B．To encourage family reading.
C．To advise family trips. D．To describe vacation pleasure.
根据一份调查报告可知，现在的青少年阅读量比以前少了许多，需要引起社会及家长的重视，需要营造阅读的环境，同时家长也要做好示范作用，积极地参与到阅读当中来。
38．A【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段According to the report, the number or teens who hardly read has gone up from 8 percent to 25 percent today. The report data shows that kids’ reading ability remains almost the same. However, the amount of reading time has fallen, from about an hour every day to half an hour根据这份报告，几乎不识字的青少年人数已经从8%上升到今天的25%。报告数据显示，孩子们的阅读能力几乎保持不变。然而，阅读时间却有所下降，从每天大约一小时减少到半小时，可以得出的结论是现在的青少年阅读量比以前少了许多，故选A。
39．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段But it says that many parents choose to control the time spent on e-books, mainly because they are worried about the increased screen time. After all, it is important to protect their kids’ eyes.但报告指出，许多家长选择控制花在电子书上的时间，主要是因为他们担心屏幕时间的增加，毕竟保护孩子的眼睛很重要。可知对孩子们的健康有害，故选C。
40．B【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段It shows that parents are examples and important guides for them in reading. If parents read more and find more time to read with their children, it turns out that their children actually read more often.这说明家长是他们阅读的榜样和重要的指导者，如果家长多读书，抽出更多的时间陪孩子阅读，结果发现他们的孩子实际上阅读的频率更高。可知孩子经常阅读的家长也会经常读书，说明了家长的榜样作用，可以得知家长要鼓励自己的孩子多读书，首先自己也要拿起课本，多读书才行，故选B。
41．B【解析】推理判断题。根据As summer vacation arrives, parents might take this chance to step in, make a reading list and enjoy the pleasant family reading time.随着暑假的到来，家长们不妨借此机会介入，列一份读书清单，享受家庭愉快的读书时光。可知鼓励家庭阅读。故选B。
Passage 15【2020 •内蒙古包头市】
Maybe you should sit down before you read this. It's a little frightening. Your sitting may be killing you.
Health experts say the U.S. adult now sits about 6.5 hours a day. That is up about an hour a day compared to 2007. The news is even worse for teens. They sit eight hours each day. The information was put out by the National Center for Health Statistics. It has collected the numbers for the past 16 years. It is worried about what it has found.
Research shows that people who are not active can get sick. Their bones get weaker. They burn fewer calories (卡路里). That makes them more likely to put on too much weight. They might even get diabetes (糖尿病). They are at risk for high blood pressure and heart problems, too.
Some experts also think sitting too much can influence how your blood moves through your body and how well your body fights off illness. Being active helps in lots of ways. It can make you happier, burn more calories and give you more energy. It can also help you sleep better.
About 60% of people in the U.S. watch at least two hours of TV each day. That number has stayed about the same in recent years.
Computers are the biggest reason for more hours spent sitting. Computer use outside of work or school has gone up for all age groups. Now, 50% of adults spend at least an hour of their free time on a computer each day. That is up from 29% in 2003.
About 53% of teens now spend at least an hour of free time on computers. So do 56% of kids. As many as 1 in 4 people who use computers use one for three hours or more outside of work and school.
So get up, take some breaks and go outside. You might save your life by doing outdoor activities.
42．The text is especially helpful for those who care about ______.
A．their body shape B．their home comforts C．their health D．their food
43．Being active can help people ______.
A．bum more calories B．forget their pressure C．get sick D．treat heart problems
44．What is the text mainly about?
A．Computers are causing health problems. B．Too much sitting is influencing our health.
C．Being more active is good for you and me. D．Sitting means killing.
45．Which one of the following is most probably to be discussed next?
A．The cause of diabetes.
B．Introduce some outdoor activities.
C．Give some examples of losing weight successfully.
D．List some disadvantages of playing computer games.
本文介绍了久坐不利于健康。
42．C【解析】大意概括题。本文介绍了久坐不利于健康。故选C。
43．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段Being active helps in lots of ways. It can make you happier, bum more calories and give you more energy. 可知运动有很多帮助。 它可以使您更快乐，燃烧更多的卡路里并为您提供更多的能量。故选A。
44．B【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段Your sitting may be killing you.可知您坐着可能会杀死您。由此引出主题——久坐不利于健康。故选B。
45．B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段So get up, take some breaks and go outside. You might save your life by doing outdoor activities.意为“所以起床，休息一下，然后出去。 您可以通过进行户外活动来挽救生命。”因此下面要讲的应是户外活动。故选B。
Passage 16【2020 •内蒙古通辽市】
Dear Nancy’s parents,
My daughter had a bullying (欺凌) problem a couple of years ago. It wasn’t easy, but I ended it. When things are a serious as you describe, it is no time to be silent. These kids probably know each other from school, so take the rude text messages sent by the bully directly to the headmaster and show him. Describe to him how it is affecting your 13-year- old daughter. Tell him you will not stand it and you want him to put an end to it now.
Bullying is a dangerous and serious offense these days, and any good headmaster will take your charges seriously. He will probably address the issues with the parents. If they are crappy parents, then they may do nothing to their child. You may have to repeat this process several times, but you need to keep a check on those text messages and don’t allow your child to delete them.
Now is the time to draw your child close and take care of her, because she needs it. My daughter did not like me being involved(参与的)either, but you are the only hope she has of solving this problem, so do it and mean business. Always be polite but straightforward. The headmaster and the parents must know you mean business.
If repeated meetings with the headmaster (and parents, if he allows it) does not solve the problem, then I would consider hiring a lawyer. That will send the message across loud and clear. When you are talking about financial loss, most parents will stand up and take notice and act to keep their kid under control!
Good luck — I wish you the best in this terrible situation.
Yours,
Rachel
21．You should show the text messages to the headmaster to________.
A．find which kid sent the messages B．let him know you love your child
C．ask him to force the bully out of school D．ask him to stop the bullying
22．What does the underlined word “offense” in Paragraph 2 probably mean in Chinese?
A．职责 B．冒犯行为 C．经验 D．警惕
23．What do we learn from the third paragraph?
A．Parents shouldn't be involved in a bullying problem.
B．Children can deal with bullying problems themselves.
C．It’s necessary for parents to be involved in a bullying problem.
D．Not all bullying problems can be solved.
24．What should you do if the bullying problem is not solved by the headmaster?
A．Meet the parents of the bully in person. B．Ask the parents of the bully for payment.
C．Put your child under care. D．Ask a lawyer for help.
25．What is the authors purpose in writing the letter?
A．To offer advice. B．To describe a personal experience.
C．To seek help. D．To ask for advice.
本文是雷切尔写给南希家长的一封信，信里通过自己的经历来告诉南希的家长如何解决校园欺凌这个问题。
21．D【解析】细节理解题。根据Tell him you will not stand it and you want him to put an end to it now，可知，把信息直接给校长看的目的是让他来终止校园欺凌这件事。故选D。
22．B【解析】词句猜测题。and表并列关系，划线处的词与a dangerous构成并列关系。根据Bullying is a dangerous and serious offense及结合常识，可知，校园欺凌是一个很危险，并且很严重的冒犯行为，所以offense表示“冒犯行为”。故选B。
23．C【解析】推理判断题。根据My daughter did not like me being involved(参与的)either, but you are the only hope she has of solving this problem, so do it and mean business，可知，虽然孩子们不希望家长参与到这件事情里，但是家长是孩子们的唯一希望，所以第三段告诉我们，家长有必要借入孩子被欺凌这件事情。故选C。
24．D【解析】细节理解题。根据If repeated meetings with the headmaster (and parents, if he allows it) does not solve the problem, then I would consider hiring a lawyer，可知，如果校长和对方的父母都不能处理欺凌事件，这个时候就要向法律寻求帮助。故选D。
25．A【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文是雷切尔根据自己的经历，给一位被欺凌的孩子家长提供建议，建议他如何终止欺凌事件。故选A。
Passage 17【2020 •陕西省】
People use languages to communicate. Any language has its ways to express people’s minds. One of the ways in common is the use of idioms. An idiom is a group of words. It has a special meaning that is different from the usual meaning. For example, under the weather is an idiom meaning ill. So when people say “I’m under the weather," they are saying that they’re not feeling well. Another example, in all weathers means in all kinds of weather. So, “There are homeless people sleeping on the streets in all weathers" tells us that homeless people sleep on the streets no matter whether it is cold or hot.
Different languages may have different ways to make idioms. For people who are learning a foreign language, idioms could cause misunderstandings and bring them endless headaches. On the other hand, if things are done right, idioms can also be a fun way of looking into a new culture and understanding how the people think and talk.
Metaphor (比喻) is often used in idioms. Let’s read the following two examples:
● It makes my blood boil (煮沸) when people litter.
● The night was dark and quiet; my blood ran cold when I heard a strange noise outside at dark night.
In neither situation above, our blood can reach the point so high or so low in temperature. Yet, with the situations the two sentences created, it is not difficult to work out the unhappy feelings of really angry in the first example and very afraid in the second.
Of course, not all idioms are this easy to understand. When we come to idioms of a foreign language, a good dictionary of idioms is always suggested.
24．This passage tells us something about __________ in the English language.
A．grammar B．writing C．reading D．idioms
25．If your brother breaks your computer, you can say to him, “__________.”
A．I’m under the weather B．I’m there in all weathers
C．You’ve made my blood boil D．My blood runs cold
26．What is the writer’s advice when you come to an expression like under the weather?
A．We should look it up in a good idiom dictionary.
B．We should try to express our minds with it.
C．We should find an interesting way to learn it.
D．We should create situations to guess its meaning.
本文介绍了人们是用语言去交流，而习语是表达人们想法的一种方式，有的时候习语会引起误会，也会让人很头疼，但是另一方面，习语是了解一种新文化的有趣方式。
24．D【解析】主旨大意题。根据One of the ways in common is the use of idioms及下文的介绍，可知，本文是告诉我们英语中关于习语的一些知识。故选D。
25．C【解析】细节理解题。根据It makes my blood boil (煮沸) when people litter及it is not difficult to work out the unhappy feelings of really angry in the first example，可知，make my blood boil形容人在生气时的不愉快情绪，所以当你的哥哥弄坏你的电脑时，你一定是生气的，可以用make my blood boil表达。故选C。
26．A【解析】
细节理解题。根据When we come to idioms of a foreign language, a good dictionary of idioms is always suggested，可知，当我们碰到一种外国语言的习语时，我们应该在一本好的习语字典里进行查阅。故选A。
Passage 18【2020 •陕西省】
New Zealand offers free school lunches to thousands of kids
WELLINGTON, Feb. 20 ( Xinhua) – “Thousands of children have begun receiving a free lunch on schooldays under the government’s free and healthy school lunch program,” Prime Minister (首相) Jacinda Ardern said on Thursday.
“The program is for 7 ,000 students at 31 schools right now. The number will extend to 21,000 students in 120 schools by the start of 2021 ,”Ardern said while she was serving up lunch at a school in Hawke’s Bay.
“A full stomach makes all the difference to a child’s learning,” Ardern said.
“Providing a free and healthy lunch at school is one way to help New Zealand become the best place in the world for school children. And people can see that difference right away,” she said. She added that providing these lunches was also a great way for local families to have jobs.
“The program is one of 75 plans from New Zealand’s CYWS ( Child and Youth Wellbeing Strategy). It started last year and developed with the money from 10,000 New Zealanders including 6,000 young people,” said Education Minister Chris Hipkins.
27．What kind of writing is it?
A．Story. B．News. C．Email. D．Invitation.
28．The underlined word “extend” here means “__________”.
A．increase B．double C．remain D．fall
29．From the second paragraph, we know that Ardern was __________ when she explained the program.
A．planning for the free lunch program B．giving lunch to the school children
C．thinking how to provide jobs for local families D．collecting money from New Zealanders
30．By “A full stomach makes all the difference to a child’s learning,” Ardern meant that “__________”.
A．learning well mainly depends on eating B．learning to eat a proper lunch is important
C．eating has nothing to do with learming D．children will learm better if they eat well
本文是一则新闻，讲述了新西兰政府为学校的孩子们提供免费的校园午餐，孩子们吃得好才能学得更好。
27．B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章标题“New Zealand offers free school lunches to thousands of kids”以及文章内容可知，本文是一则新闻报道，报道了新西兰为成千上万的孩子们提供免费校园午餐。故选B。
28．A【解析】词意猜测题。increase增加；double两倍；remain保持；fall跌倒。根据第二段中“7 ,000 students at 31 schools right now”和“21,000 students in 120 schools by the start of 2021”可知，到2021年年初的时候，学校数量和人数都会增加，所以划线部分单词extend与increase的意思相同。故选A。
29．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ardern said while she was serving up lunch at a school in Hawke’s Bay.”可知，Ardern在解释这个项目的时候，她正在给学校的孩子们准备午餐。故选B。
30．D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“A full stomach makes all the difference to a child’s learning”可知，吃饱了对孩子的学习有很大的影响，即：孩子们如果吃得好，他们将会学习得更好。故选D。
Passage 19【2020 •四川省遂宁市】
Computers are widely used in the world. As students, we can not only use them to relax, but also study online. Do you have any online classes? It is possible to take classes at home. All you need is a computer and an earphone.
However, most students don’t seem to like online classes. Recently, over 2000 students from 10 cities took part in a survey. According to the survey, only about 35 percent of the students like taking such classes.
Many students said it was hard to focus on studying while taking online classes. This was true for Li Jing, 15, at No. 1 High School. “There are no classmates and no real teachers watching me. I can surf the Internet or do other things if I want to. It’s harder to always stay focused,” she said.
Li Jing prepares a lot before taking her classes to make sure she will keep her attention. She also pushes herself to communicate with teachers. Students can come up with or answer questions while taking online classes.
Tian Lishan, 14, at No. 7 High School, thinks online interaction（互动）isn’t enough. “The online teachers don’t really get to know me. When I don’t hand in homework, all I get is a short message instead of real concern,” she said.
However, online classes still have advantages. “It saves time and money compared with taking offline classes. Also, if I don’t understand some parts of a lesson, I can watch it over again,” Li Jing sad.
41．In the survey, ________ students like taking online classes.
A．about 500 B．about 600 C．about 700 D．about 2000
42．Taking online classes has the following advantages________.
①save time ②hard to focus ③enough interaction
④save money ⑤watch lessons over again
A．①②④ B．②③⑤ C．①③④ D．①④⑤
43．The underlined word “concern” means “________” in the passage.
A．care B．prize C．stress D．knowledge
44．What can we learn about according to the passage?
A．Tian Lishan is a student from a high school in Beijing.
B．Li Jing pushes herself to communicate with teachers in online classes.
C．Li Jing thinks that online interaction isn’t enough.
D．Li Jing thinks it is easy to always stay focused.
45．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．what the students think of online classes B．where the students take online class
C．why the students like taking online classes D．how the students take online classes at home
本文讲述了学生们对上网课的看法，并罗列了上网课存在的问题和它的优势。
41．C【解析】推理判断题。根据Recently, over 2000 students from 10 cities took part in a survey. According to the survey, only about 35 percent of the students like taking such classes，可知，来自10座城市的2000名学生参与了这个调查，只有35%的学生喜欢上网课，即35% × 2000=700。故选C。
42．D【解析】细节理解题。根据However, online classes still have advantages. “It saves time and money compared with taking offline classes. Also, if I don’t understand some parts of a lesson, I can watch it over again,”可知，上网课跟线下课对比，网课更节省时间和金钱，如果不明白某部分课程，还可以反复观看。故选D。
43．A【解析】词句猜测题。care关注；prize奖品；stress压力；knowledge知识。句中instead of表示“而不是”，前后两个词的词义是对立的。根据When I don’t hand in homework, all I get is a short message instead of real concern，可知，当不交作业时，所得到的只是一条短的信息，而不是真实的关注，所以concern表示“关注”，与A选项的词义相符。故选A。
44．B【解析】细节理解题。根据She also pushes herself to communicate with teachers.Students can come up with or answer questions while taking online classes可知，在网课上李静通过提出问题或回答问题的方式，逼迫自己来跟老师交流，故选B。
45．A【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段至最后一段，可知，本文主要讲述了学生们对上网课的看法，并罗列了上网课存在的问题和它的优势。故选A。
Passage 20【2020 •四川省宜宾市】
It's a common belief that fish can't remember anything for longer than seven seconds. It may seem sad to think that every moment in their lives would be like seeing the world for the first time. But don't be so quick to feel sorry for them. A new study has found that fish have much better memories than we used to think.
In the study, researchers from Mac Ewan University in Canada trained a kind of fish called African cichlids to go to a certain area of their tank to get food. They took the fish out and then waited for 12 days before putting them back in the tank again. They found that after such a long break the fish sill went to the same place where they first got food.
In fact, scientists had been thinking for a long time that African cichlids might have a good memory. But there was no clear evidence until the latest findings.
Just as a good memory can make our lives easier, it also plays an important part when a fish is trying to survive in the wild. "If fish are able to remember that a certain area contains(容纳) safe food, they will be able to go back to that area without putting their lives in danger," lead researcher Trevor Hamilton told Live Science.
So next time you are watching your pet fish from outside the tank, perhaps you should feel close to them-they may remember who you are.
21．We often feel sorry for fish because __________.
A．they have bad memories B．they can't remember anything
C．they are often used for research D．every moment in their lives is new
22．Why did the researchers carry out the research?
A．To know if fish can find food easily. B．To find out if fish have better memories.
C．To tell us fish can live for days without water. D．To show fish can live long without eating things.
23．What does the underlined word "tank" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．A kind of fish food. B．A kind of hiding place.
C．A container for holding water. D．A container for keeping fish.
24．Which is true according to Trevor Hamilton?
A．Fish know where to get food. B．It's easy for fish to live in the wild.
C．A good memory can make fish safer in the wild. D．Fish are often in danger when they look for food.
25．Where does this article probably come from?
A．A story book. B．A science magazine. C．A news report. D．A travel book.

文章介绍以前人们都认为鱼类的记忆只能保持7秒钟，但是实验表明其实它们可以有长达12天的记忆，好的记忆有助于鱼在野外生存。
21．B【解析】推理判断题。根据上文It's a common belief that fish can't remember anything for longer than seven seconds. It may seem sad to think that every moment in their lives would be like seeing the world for the first time.这是一个普遍的信念，鱼不能记住任何东西超过7秒。人们认为它们生命中的每一刻都像第一次看到这世界一样，这似乎是令人悲伤的。可知我们经常为鱼感到难过，因为他们记忆时间很短，什么都记不起来了，故选B。
22．B【解析】细节理解题。根据上文A new study has found that fish have much better memories than we used to think. 一项新的研究发现，鱼的记忆比我们以前想象的要好得多。可知实验的目的是弄清鱼是否有更好的记忆。故选B。
23．D【解析】词句猜测题。A. 一种鱼食；B. 一种藏身之处；C.盛水的容器；D.一个养鱼的容器。根据下文They took the fish out and then waited for 12 days before putting them back in the tank again. 他们把鱼拿出来，等了12天再把它们放回……里。可知tank为养鱼的容器，故选D。
24．C【解析】推理判断题。根据上文If fish are able to remember that a certain area contains(容纳) safe food, they will be able to go back to that area without putting their lives in danger如果鱼能记住某一地区有安全食物，它们就能回到那个地区，而不会危及它们的生命，可知如果它们有记忆，记得在哪里能得到食物，就能生存，故选C。
25．B【解析】推理判断题。A.一本故事书；B.一本科学杂志C.一篇新闻报道；D.一本旅行书。本文主要讲了科学家用实验表明其实鱼的记忆不是仅有7秒，它们可以有长达12天的记忆，好的记忆有助于鱼在野外生存。所以由此推断这篇文章来自一本科学杂志。故选B。
Passage 21【2020 •四川省宜宾市】
When we are born, we are given names that stay with us for our whole lives. Some names include good wishes and hopes from parents, while others may be special and easy to remember. But do you know how the new coronavirus got its name?
The task of naming a virus is no less important than naming a person. When a disease breaks out, the official(官方的) naming of a new virus is often late and may lead to many problems. Over the past ten years, some improper names have caused problems. In 2009, the "swine flu(猪流感)" was widely used before the official name, HINI virus, was announced. This led Egypt to kill all of its pigs even though it didn't spread among people who hadn't been near pigs. In 2015, the name MERS(Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, 中东呼吸综合征)made people of this region angry.
So in 2015, the World Health Organization(WHO)announced that the names of viruses should be easy to remember but avoid being named after places, people, animals and foods. Following these rules, the new coronavirus we are suffering from was named "COVID-19" by the WHO on Feb 11, 2020. In this name, "CO" means "corona", "VI" sands for "virus" and "D" means "disease".
26．When our parents name us, they __________.
A．often put their hopes on us B．try to make the names special
C．can easily remember our names D．let the names stay with us longer
27．What does the underlined sentence mean?
A．Naming a virus is not very important.
B．Naming a person or a virus is a difficult task.
C．Naming a virus is as important as naming a person.
D．Naming a person is more important than naming a virus.
28．Which is true according to the second paragraph?
A．MERS killed many pigs in Egypt. B．HINI virus could spread among people.
C．A new virus isn't often named officially in time. D．Improper names caused viruses to spread widely.
29．What do we know about MERS virus?
A．It broke out in 2009. B．It was named after places.
C．It got its name from WHO. D．It made local people angry.
30．Which of the following is the main idea of this text?
A．How does WHO deal with viruses? B．Why does a new virus have a name?
C．What have viruses done to the world? D．How did the new coronavirus get its name?
文章主要通过人的名字的意义引出并介绍了病毒如何命名的情况。
26．A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中Some names include good wishes and hopes from parents有些名字包括来自父母的祝福和希望，可知父母给我们起名字常常把希望寄托在我们身上，故选A。
27．C【解析】句意猜测题。根据文中The task of naming a virus is no less important than naming a person. 给病毒命名的任务不亚于给一个人命名。可知给病毒命名和给人命名一样重要。故选C。
28．C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中In 2015, the name MERS(Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, 中东呼吸综合征)made people of this region angry.可知，A选项错误；根据文中HINI virus, was announced. This led Egypt to kill all of its pigs even though it didn’t spread among people who hadn’t been near pigs.可知，B选项错误；根据文中When a disease breaks out, the official(官方的) naming of a new virus is often late and may lead to many problems.可知，C选项正确；根据文中some improper names have caused problems.可知，D选项错误。故选C。
29．D【解析】细节理解题。根据文中In 2015, the name MERS(Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, 中东呼吸综合征)made people of this region angry.可知，MERS这个名字让这个地区的人们感到愤怒。故选D。
30．D【解析】主旨大意题。根据整个文章的理解可知，主要是讲述之前病毒的一些命名不当带来的一些问题，以及今年的新冠病毒的命名的由来，所以D选项比较合适，故选D。
Passage 22【2020 •福建省】

When Claire Vlases of Montana was in Grade 7, she learned about plans to modernize her middle school. Claire asked the school board（董事会）to add solar panels to the project because, she explained, clean energy would be helpful to a really modern school.
The board liked the idea but said it could offer just $ 25,000-one-fifth of the cost. So Claire organized a group of kids and grown-ups who set to work raising the rest. They sold their second-hand books, put on talent shows and asked for donations（捐赠）, even going door-to-door for them. One donated more than half the cost!
After two years of hard work, the group paid for the solar panels, which now provide one-fourth of the school’s electricity needs-saving the neighborhood thousands of dollars. “My favorite part about this project was that one person could start something small and then the project could grow and have a big influence on the community,” Claire said. “There are always going to be hard parts. When there’s a challenge（挑战）presented to you, you can learn from it and use it as chance to overcome it.”
31．After knowing the project was still in need of money, Claire ________.
A．raised $ 25,000 B．asked for more help
C．sold old newspapers D．donated half the cost
32．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph2 refer to（指代）?
A．Solar panels. B．Second-hand books.
C．Shows. D．Donations.
33．Which picture shows the change of the electricity cost after the use of solar panels?
A． B．
C． D．
34．From Claire’s words in the last paragraph, we learn that ________.
A．hard work was her favorite B．the project went smoothly
C．a small thing makes a big difference D．solar panels cost a lot
35．What would be the best title for the text?
A．A Dependent Girl B．A Modern School
C．Don’t Waste Energy D．Never Give Up
学校安装太阳能电池板时资金不足，克莱尔为了帮助学校安装太阳能电池板，自己组织了一群孩子和成年人，他们坚持不懈，寻求帮助，经过两年的艰苦努力以后，太能能电池板成功安装，并为学校和社区节省了大量的资金。
31．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“So Claire organized a group of kids and grown-ups who set to work raising the rest.”可知，在得知这个项目还需要钱的时候，克莱尔组织了一群孩子和成年人去筹集这个项目还需要的钱，也就是说克莱尔寻求了更多的帮助。故选B。
32．D【解析】词意猜测题。Solar panels.太阳能电池板。Second-hand books.二手书。Shows.演出。Donations.捐款。根据上文中“They sold their second-hand books, put on talent shows and asked for donations.”可知，他们通过出售二手书，举办才艺表演来获得捐款，所以此处them代指上文中donations，表示“他们甚至通过挨家挨户的方式来获得捐款”。故选D。
33．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“which now provide one-fourth of the school’s electricity needs-saving the neighborhood thousands of dollars”可知，太阳能电池板现在提供了学校四分之一的电力需求，为社区节省了数千美元，也就是说安装了太阳能电池板以后，费用在逐步降低，结合图示可知C项正确。故选C。
34．C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“My favorite part about this project was that one person could start something small and then the project could grow and have a big influence on the community”可知，克莱尔最喜欢这个项目的部分是，一个人可以开始一些小的事情，然后这个项目可以扩大，并对社区有很大的影响，也就是说“一件小事就会有重大的影响”。故选C。
35．D【解析】选择最佳标题。根据全文内容可知，克莱尔为了帮助学校安装太阳能电池板，自己组织了一群孩子和成年人，他们坚持不懈，永不放弃，经过两年的艰苦努力以后，太能能电池板成功安装，并为学校和社区节省了大量的资金，所以文章最佳标题为Never Give Up永不放弃。故选D。
Passage 23【2020 •福建省】


From tiny seeds（种子）, great discoveries grow. A mini-garden carried on China's Chang'e 4 moon lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world.
This is yet another success for Chang'e 4. On January 2, the probe（探测器）became the first lander to touch down on the far side of the moon. This is the unknown face of the moon that is always looking away from us, so we never see it from down here on the earth. Although it is often regarded as the dark side of the moon, the far side actually gets as much sunshine as the near side. For example, when all we can see is a silver sliver of a new moon, the far side of the moon is in full sunlight.
Part of Chang'e 4's mission（使命）is to see how a moon base could be built for humans, including exploring（探索）whether humans could grow food and other plant products there. Chang'e 4 carried a mini-garden with air, water and soil with seeds planted in it. When plants shoot on the earth, their stems grow away from the gravity（the force that keeps your feet on the ground）, and so they always shoot upwards. The moon's gravity is a sixth as strong as the earth's, so Chang'e 4's experiment was a test: would the earth plants know which way was up on the moon? Four days after landing, a tiny cotton shoot showed that they do.
Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon; sunlight will not return until the start of February. As a result, the cotton shoots died. Besides the darkness, the plants can't stand the cold（it can drop to -170℃ on the moon at night）. However, the experiment is a success, since it has proved that it is possible for plants to grow in space.
41．The text is mainly about ________.
A．another success for Chang'e 4 B．Chang'e 4 moon lander
C．tiny seeds in the soil D．the steps of an experiment
42．Which of the following is TRUE about Chang'e 4?
A．It carried a mini-garden. B．It landed on the near side of the moon.
C．It explored the moon base. D．It found plants on the moon.
43．From the text we can know that ________.
A．the far side of the moon gets less sunlight
B．we can see the far side of the moon from the earth
C．the stems fail to grow away from the earth's gravity
D．the earth plants know the way to grow on the moon
44．What can be inferred（推理）from the text?
A．Plants can be grown on the moon soon. B．It is perfect to do experiments on the moon.
C．The cotton shoots can last days on the moon. D．We can see a new moon at the start of February.
45．In which section of a magazine can you read the text?
A．Health and sport. B．History and culture.
C．Science and technology. D．Population and environment.

文章主要是介绍嫦娥四号的又一次成功：搭载了一个空气、水和土壤的小花园，里面种着种子的一个实验，以及实验的结果加以分析。
41．A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章的开头From tiny seeds（种子）, great discoveries grow. A mini-garden carried on China’s Chang’e 4 moon lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world. This is yet another success for Chang’e 4. 从微小的种子中孕育出伟大的发现。中国嫦娥四号登月器上的一个小花园最近成了另一个世界上第一株植物的家园。这是嫦娥四号的又一次成功。可知文章主要是关于嫦娥四号又一次成功的事情，故选A。
42．A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中A mini-garden carried on China’s Chang’e 4 moon lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world.可知，A选项是正确的；根据文中the probe（探测器）became the first lander to touch down on the far side of the moon.可知，B选项错误；根据文中Part of Chang’e 4’s mission（使命）is to see how a moon base could be built for humans, including exploring（探索）whether humans could grow food and other plant products there.可知，C选项错误；而文中并没有提到在月球发现植物的情况，所以D选项排除，故选A。
43．D【解析】细节理解题。根据文中so Chang’e 4’s experiment was a test: would the earth plants know which way was up on the moon? Four days after landing, a tiny cotton shoot showed that they do. 所以嫦娥四号的实验是一个测试：地球上的植物知道月球上哪个方向是向上的吗?着陆四天后，一株小小的棉花芽表明它们可以。可知地球上的植物知道如何在月球上生长，故选D。
44．D【解析】推理判断题。根据文中Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon; sunlight will not return until the start of February.可知，现在月亮背面是夜晚，直到二月初阳光才会照射到，而那个时候就会出现新月，故选D。
45．C【解析】推理判断题。根据整个文章的理解可知，主要是讲述嫦娥四号的又一次成功：搭载了一个空气、水和土壤的小花园，里面种着种子的一个实验，这样的文章应该是在科学信息方面会有，故选C。
Passage 24【2020•湖北省咸宁市】
In your spare time, do you help your parents with chores (杂活) around the house? Can you cook for your family?
In order to stress (强调) the importance of hard-working spirit education (劳动教育) among students of different ages, the Communist Party of China Central Committee (中共中央) recently released (发布) a guideline (指导纲要).
The guideline calls for students to respect labor work. Students should learn basic life skills and form good working habits through such education.
The government has been trying to stress the importance of hard-working spirit education. But this has been overlooked (忽视) in recent years. Many teenagers do not value the importance of working hard and aren't interested in doing so.
According to a study of nearly 3,000 students that was done by Ningbo Evening News in March, only 22% of students help with everyday chores around the house.
Schools and families play an important role in teaching students about the value of working hard, the guideline says.
Primary and middle schools should provide students with hard-working spirit classes every week, according to the guideline. Schools can also hold activities to give students real-world work experience. For example, schools can teach children how to plant trees on Tree-Planting Day.
As children's first teachers, parents should also encourage children to learn how to do chores at home. Students should master one or two life skills every year. These skills can include cooking, washing their own clothes and tidying their rooms.
31. The guideline was released recently in order to ___________.
A. stress the importance of hard-working spirit education
B. ask students to work hard at English and any other subjects
C. teach students how to help their parents do chores at home
D. help students of different ages solve life problems
32. The underlined word "this" in Paragraph 4 refers to ___________.
A. the government B. hard-working spirit education C. basic life skills D. the recently released guideline
33. According to the guideline, schools can ___________.
A. give homework to parents B. give the guideline to every student
C. teach students how to cook in the school D. provide chances of real-world work for students
34. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. About two thirds of students help with housework at home.
B. Students should master at least three life skills every year.
C. Schools should provide students with hard-working spirit classes every day.
D. Parents should also encourage children to learn how to do chores at home.
35. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Spirit of Hard-working Education B. How to Value the Experience
C. The Importance of All Subjects D. How to Do Everyday Chores
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. D 34. D 35. A
文章大意：为了强调在不同年龄段的学生中勤奋精神教育的重要性，中国共产党中央委员会最近发布了一项指导意见。要求学生尊重劳动，通过这样的教育，学生应该学会基本的生活技能，养成良好的习惯。学校和家长应该鼓励并要求青少年学习基本的生活技能，养成良好的劳动习惯。青少年应该每年掌握一到两项生活技能，以便能够解决将来遇到的问题。
31.A【解析】细节理解题。根据In order to stress the importance of hard-working spirit education among students of different ages, the Communist Party of China Central Committee recently released a guideline. 为了强调在不同年龄段的学生中勤奋精神教育的重要性，中国共产党中央委员会最近发布了一项指导意见。可知，最近发布的指导意见是为了强调勤奋精神教育的重要性，故答案选A。
32.B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文The government has been trying to stress the importance of hard-working spirit education. 政府一直在努力强调勤奋精神教育的重要性。结合But this has been overlooked in recent years.但近年来这一点被忽视了。可知this指的是上文提到的hard-working spirit education，故答案选B。
33.D【解析】细节理解题。根据Primary and middle schools should provide students with hard-working spirit classes every week, according to the guideline. Schools can also hold activities to give students real-world work experience. 根据指导意见，中小学每周都要为学生开设勤奋精神课。学校还可以举办活动，让学生获得实际工作经验。可知，学校既要提供理论指导，也要给学生提供真正的社会实践机会，故答案选D。
34.D【解析】理解判断题。根据only 22% of students help with everyday chores around the house.只有22%的学生帮助做家务，可知A选项“大约三分之二的学生在家帮助做家务。”不符合文意，错误。根据Students should master one or two life skills every year. 学生每年应该掌握一到两种生活技能。可知B选项“学生每年至少要掌握三种生活技能。”不符合文意，错误。根据Primary and middle schools should provide students with hard-working spirit classes every week, according to the guideline. 根据指导意见，中小学每周都要为学生开设勤奋精神课。可知C选项“学校应该每天为学生开设勤奋精神课。”不符合文意，错误。根据As children's first teachers, parents should also encourage children to learn how to do chores at home. 作为孩子的第一任老师，父母也应该鼓励孩子学习如何在家做家务。可知D选项“父母也应该鼓励孩子学习如何在家做家务。”符合文意，正确。故答案选D。
35.A【解析】标题归纳题。根据文章中的内容In order to stress the importance of hard-working spirit education among students of different ages, the Communist Party of China Central Committee recently released a guideline. 为了强调在不同年龄段的学生中勤奋精神教育的重要性，中国共产党中央委员会最近发布了一项指导意见。The guideline calls for students to respect labor work. Students should learn basic life skills and form good working habits through such education. 该指导意见要求学生尊重劳动。通过这样的教育，学生应该学会基本的生活技能，养成良好的习惯。以及对整篇文章的理解，可知本文主要讲述的是勤奋教育精神的重要性，故答案选A。

Passage 25【2020•孝感市】

Dear Daniel,
I feel that I've grown up and should make my own decisions, but my parents disagree. My mom still helps me choose what clothes to wear. My dad asks me to pay attention only to study. I know they do this out of love, but I feel controlled. What should I do?
Amanda
Dear Amanda,
Your parents sound very strict. It's hard to believe that your mom chooses what you wear. Are you a Barbie doll?
Try to take the first step when possible. Dress yourself before your mother has a chance to come in and choose your clothes. If she asks you to change, tell her you'll be late for school.
You should also talk to her. Ask about her choices: What makes a set of clothes acceptable or unacceptable? Tell her you will follow her rules, but you want to make the choices. You are not in first grade. You are a young lady in high school.
As for your father, it's difficult to argue with his mind. After all, he is not totally wrong. How strict is he? Does he lock you up with your textbooks? Are you allowed to have a hobby? Are you allowed to have a smartphone? Are you allowed to hang out with friends?
Such strict parents should know the law of diminishing returns (收益递减). A weightlifter, for examplc, can only lift for an hour or two each day. If she does more, her muscles will not become stronger. She will just get tired. She may even hurt herself!
Our brains also have limits. Some violin teachers say you should only practice a new skill for 15 minutes each day. Our brains need to relax and understand new information. Our brains also have a basic need to socialize (社交). Ask your father: what is the meaning of so much studying if it makes you feel unhappy?
Stay strong.
Daniel
30. Why did Amanda write the letter?
A. To ask for some advice. B. To fight against her parents.
C. To talk about her family rules. D. To make friends with Daniel.
31. Daniel finds it ________ that the mother decides on Amanda's clothes.
A. boring B. important C. unbelievable D. funny
32. The underlined word "limits" means "________"in Chinese.
A. 猜想 B. 极限 C. 决断 D. 潜力
33. The examples of "weightlifter" and "violin teachers" tell the parents ________.
A. to give the kids more praise B. to hang out with the kids
C. not to protect the kids too much D. not to push the kids so hard
这是信件，阿曼达写信给丹尼尔讲述自己认为自己已经长大，想自己做决定，但是父母不同意，母亲甚至帮她选择穿着，父亲要求她只注意学习，感觉自己被控制，想寻求帮助。丹尼尔回信发表自己的看法并给出建议。
30.A【解析】推理判断题。根据Amanda的信“What should I do”可知她在寻求建议，故选A。
31.C【解析】细节理解题。根据“It's hard to believe that your mom chooses what you wear”可知母亲决定Amanda的穿着，丹尼尔觉得难以置信。故选C。
32.B【解析】词义猜测题。根据“Some violin teachers say you should only practice a new skill for 15 minutes each day. Our brains need to relax and understand new information.”小提琴老师说你应该每天只练习新技能15分钟，我们的大脑需要休息放松和理解新的信息。可知limits表示“极限”。故选B。
33.D【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Such strict parents should know the law of diminishing returns”以及倒数第二段“what is the meaning of so much studying if it makes you feel unhappy”可知举重和小提琴老师的例子是为了说明父母不能让孩子推动压迫的太紧了，让孩子不开心。故选D。
Passage 26【2020•湖北省宜昌市】
第一节阅读下面两篇短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
It’s hard to find a person who doesn’t like traveling. The human’s hopes to explore（探索）new areas drive us to visit new countries and discover new places. It’s a pity that it is impossible to explore every corner of the world even if you travel the whole life. So people search travel articles to learn more.
If you want to become a travel writer who helps people to choose a trip, you should know how to create an article about traveling experience. Maybe the following can help you.
Read different resources（资源）. Do you want to improve your skills and do great writings? Start by exploring how experts do. Start following famous travel writers and discover how they engage readers. Also, it will help you to know about the latest news in the traveling.
For sure, anyone can create a blog（博客）about traveling. But the top travel writers don’t create articles according to stories of other people. They make every trip by themselves and share their experience in their articles. If you want to become a successful writer, you should have a large background in traveling. So you can create original（原创）articles and share your traveling secrets with your readers.
Don’t forget about your opinions when you discover how to write a travel article. If you want to copy someone’s story, you can rewrite it and collect a few points. But if you’re going to become a famous travel writer, you need to create original articles. Feel free to share your opinions and feelings.
Being a travel writer is exciting. You have to travel, explore new areas and share your experience with readers.
46. The Chinese meaning of the word “engage” is____________.
A. 聘请 B. 吸引 C. 告诚 D. 利用
47. If you want to improve your writing skills, you should____________.
A. explore how experts do B. visit new areas
C. discover more readers D. report the latest news
48. According to Paragraph 4, a top travel writer should____________.
A. create a blog about reading
B. write articles about others’ stories
C. become an experienced traveler
D. share other people’s traveling secrets
49. According to Paragraph 5, we know a famous travel writer____________.
A. should often copy someone’s story
B. usually rewrites some body’s travel articles
C. only shares others’ experience and feelings
D. should always have their own opinions
50. This passage mainly tells us____________.
A. why people search travel articles to learn more
B. why people want to become a travel writer
C. how to write a good article about your traveling
D. how to travel, explore new areas and share your experience
文章主要是对如何做一个有名的旅行作家写出好的旅行文章给出的一些建议。
46.B【解析】词义猜测题。根据文中Start by exploring how experts do. Start following famous travel writers and discover how they engage readers. Also, it will help you to know about the latest news in the traveling. 从探索专家是如何做的开始。开始关注著名的旅游作家，了解他们是如何……读者的。同时，它也会帮助你了解旅行中的最新消息。可知这里的engage指的是“吸引”，故选B。
47.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中Do you want to improve your skills and do great writings? Start by exploring how experts do.可知，如果想要提高你的技能，写出伟大的作品要从探索专家是如何做的开始。故选A。
48.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中But the top travel writers don’t create articles according to stories of other people. They make every trip by themselves and share their experience in their articles. If you want to become a successful writer, you should have a large background in traveling. 但顶尖的旅游作家不会根据别人的故事创作文章。他们自己做每一次旅行，并在文章中分享他们的经验。如果你想成为一个成功的作家，你应该有丰富的旅行背景。可知想要成为顶尖的旅游作家，应该有丰富的旅行背景，故选C。
49.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文中But if you’re going to become a famous travel writer, you need to create original articles. Feel free to share your opinions and feelings. 但如果你想成为一个著名的旅游作家，你需要创作原创文章。请随意分享你的观点和感受。可知顶尖的旅行作家要有自己的观点，这样才能分享。故选D。
50.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文中If you want to become a travel writer who helps people to choose a trip, you should know how to create an article about traveling experience. Maybe the following can help you. 如果你想成为一个帮助人们选择旅行的旅行作家，你应该知道如何写一篇关于旅行体验的文章。也许下面这些可以帮助你。以及下文的描述可知，文章主要是说如何成为一名顶尖的旅行作家写出关于你旅行的好文章，故选C。
Passage 27【2020•湖南省张家界市】
If you look closely around your city, you might see hanfu, the traditional clothing of the Han ethnic group (汉族). In a report by online shopping platform (线上购物平台) Tmall, more than 2 million hanfu outfits were sold in 2018. The average age of buyers was 21, with about 52 percent between 19 and 24 years old.
Why has this traditional clothing become popular among young Chinese people?
For some of them, it's a costume (服装) for relaxation. Other young people like hanfu because of the culture behind it. They think it as a way to reconnect with traditions.
"What's behind hanfu is inheritance (继承,遗产) of the Chinese culture," Nan He, a 21-year-old costume studio owner, said.
24. What is hanfu?
A. The clothing sold online.
B. The traditional clothing of Han ethnic group.
C. The traditional clothing of Han Dynasty (汉朝).
25. Most of hanfu buyers were________.
A. children B. young people C. old people
26. Which is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Young Chinese people wear hanfu abroad.
B. Hanfu is a costume for relaxation.
C. Hanfu is inheritance of the Chinese culture.
在你的周围，你是否也能看到很多人身着传统的汉服？是的，最近几年汉服受到了越来越多年轻人的欢迎，有些人觉得穿汉服比较放松；还有其他人喜欢汉服背后的中国传统文化。
24.B【解析】细节理解题。根据短文开头“If you look closely around your city, you might see hanfu, the traditional clothing of the Han ethnic group”可知，汉服是汉族的传统服饰。故选B。
25.B【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一段“The average age of buyers was 21, with about 52 percent between 19 and 24 years old.”可知，购买汉服的人平均年龄是21岁，大约52%的购买者在19到24岁之间。由此可知购买汉服的人大多都是年轻人。故选B。
26.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“For some of them, it's a costume (服装) for relaxation.”可知B选项在文中提到了；根据最后一段“What's behind hanfu is inheritance (继承,遗产) of the Chinese culture”可知C选项提到了。短文中并没有提到国外的年轻中国人穿汉服，故选A。
Passage 28【2020•湘西土家族苗族自治州】


Teens will finally grow up some day leaving their parents and facing the challenges in life alone, so they should learn basic life skills and form good working habits.
The government has been trying to pay attention to the importance of hardworking spirit education (劳动教育). But this has been overlooked in recent years. Many teens do not value the importance of working hard. There is a teenager girl named Nancy, she never helps out around the house. Once her mother was on vacation for a week, leaving her alone at home. When her mother came home from vacation, she could not find a clean dish or a clean shirt.
Schools play an important role in teaching students about the value of working hard. Primary and middle schools should provide students with hardworking spirit courses every week. To our joy, some schools have provided each class with a piece of field to plant their favorite vegetables. For example, No.38 Middle School in Hefei, set up a 500-square-meter farm on an open platform (露天平台) of their teaching building. Each class are asked to grow and pick vegetables there.
Parents should also encourage children to learn how to do chores at home. Teens should master one or two life skills every year. These skills can include cooking, washing their own clothes and tiding their rooms. The basic skills may help teens to solve the problems they will meet in the future.
26. What does the underlined word "overlooked" mean in Chinese?
A. 强调. B. 忽视. C. 珍惜.
27. The writer gives the example of Nancy in the second paragraph to show ______
A. Nancy is too busy to help out around the house.
B. Many teens do not value the importance of working hard.
C. Nancy's parents don't want her to help with chores at home.
28. Which is not the life skill for students according to the passage?
A. Playing computer games. B. Washing clothes. C. Cooking.
29. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Schools should teach students the value of working hard.
B. Parents should encourage their children to do chores at home.
C. The government never pays attention to hardworking spirit education.
30. What is the title of the passage?
A. Family education. B. School education. C. Hardworking spirit education.
文章介绍的是学校和家长应该鼓励并要求青少年学习基本的生活技能，养成良好的劳动习惯。青少年应该每年掌握一到两项生活技能，以便能够解决将来遇到的问题。
26.B【解析】词义猜测题。根据文中But this has been overlooked in recent years. Many teens do not value the importance of working hard.可知，近年来这一点一直被……。许多青少年不重视努力工作的重要性。由此可以推断出这里overlooked指的是不好的意思，没有让青少年重视的意思，所以应该是“忽视”，故选B。
27.B【解析】推理判断题。根据文中Many teens do not value the importance of working hard. There is a teenager girl named Nancy…she could not find a clean dish or a clean shirt.可知，通过举例Nancy的例子主要是说明青少年不重视努力工作的重要性的结果，故选B。
28.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中Teens should master one or two life skills every year. These skills can include cooking, washing their own clothes and tiding their rooms.可知，A选项不属于青少年要掌握的生活技能，故选A。
29.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中The government has been trying to pay attention to the importance of hardworking spirit education (劳动教育).可知，政府一直在努力重视劳动教育的重要性，而不是不重视，所以C选项描述不正确，故选C。
30.C【解析】最佳标题题。根据整个文章的理解及文章的开头Teens will finally grow up some day, leaving their parents and facing the challenges in life alone, so they should learn basic life skills and form good working habits.以及结尾The basic skills may help teens to solve the problems they will meet in the future.可知，文章主要说的是劳动教育，故选C。
Passage 29【2020•怀化市】
Tom is a 14-year-old boy. He really likes sports. He says sports make him healthy and relaxed. But his best friend is quiet. Sometimes his friend likes sharing his favorite books with Tom. But Tom doesn't like them. He thinks they are boring.
"In fact, I want to tell him I have different hobbies," Tom said. "But I don't want to hurt his feelings and harm our friendship. What can I do?"
Friends can be different. This is very common. It is important to talk with your friends. But you should be careful about how to talk with them. Here are some tips for you.
First, listen carefully to your friends. Although you may want to explain yourself, listening to your friends first may keep you calm. You will also better understand your friends.
Next, express yourself politely. Remember, you are not trying to argue. Winning or losing is not important. Don't try to make your friends think like you.
Lastly and most importantly, show your friends that you value your friendship even if you disagree about something.
Real friends respect each other.
32. From the passage we know that Tom doesn't want to ______.
A. hurt his friend's feelings B. talk to his best friend C. make friends with others
33. How many tips are given in the passage?
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5.
34. In which column (栏目) of a magazine can we read the passage?
A. Music. B. Nature. C. Friends.
35. What will Tom do next according to the passage?
A. He will argue with his friend.
B. He will force (迫使) his friend to like sports.
C. He will talk to his friend politely.
文章通过Tom和他的朋友因为有不同的兴趣爱好，他的朋友总是和他分享他的一些爱好，这让他觉得很不舒服，但他不知道如何与朋友说，文章就如何与朋友表达自己的想法给出几点建议。
32.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“But I don’t want to hurt his feelings and harm our friendship. What can I do?”可知，Tom不想伤害他朋友的感情，故选A。
33.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“First...Next...Lastly and most importantly”可知，一共是提出了三点建议，故选A。
34.C【解析】推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要是通过Tom和他的朋友因为有不同的兴趣爱好，让他觉得很不舒服，但他不知道如何与朋友说的例子给出几个与朋友沟通的建议，所以这样的文章应该是在Friends栏目，故选C。
35.C【解析】推理判断题。根据整个文章的理解及给出的几点建议可知，最后Tom可能会和他的朋友友好的聊天，并且说出自己内心的想法，故选C。
Passage 30【2020•湖南省永州市】
Karachi, Pakistan, is one of the hottest cities on Earth. In June 2015, more than 1,000 people died there during heat wave(热浪). “It was a terrible time,” Shahzad Qureshi said. “We needed to do something about it.” After the heat wave, Qureshi took action. He started Urban(都市的) Forest. The group plants trees in cities in Pakistan.
Trees help cool the air by providing shade(阴凉) and moisture(水分) through their leaves. Trees can help lower summer temperatures in cities by 2 to 5℃. Trees also provide a place for all kinds of animals. And they create a shady place where people can relax.
Urban Forest planted about 1,300 trees in a park in Karachi. The group uses a method that helps them grow quickly. In just three years, the trees were 30 feet tall. Qureshi hopes that one day, this park will become a forest of 50,000 trees. Since 2015, Qureshi and his team have helped cool the air by planting 14 urban forests in Pakistan. Twelve are in Karachi.
In 2017, Qureshi helped plant an urban forest at Karachi Grammar School. First, he met with students there. He taught them about how trees help the environment. Then the students planted trees in the schoolyard. “They were excited about the project,” Muneeza Shaikhali says. She's a headteacher at Karachi Grammar School. “They themselves had been experiencing the high temperatures in the summer months.”
There are many birds and colorful butterflies in the school. Students go outside during science class to study the forest. “It's like a library of trees in front of the kids,” Qureshi says. “They can learn the species(物种) and insects that are around. It's a beautiful thing to see.”
11．What happened to Karachi in June 2015?
A．A wave hit this city.
B．A heat wave killed over 1,000 people.
C．Karachi became the hottest city.
12．Who started Urban Forest?
A．Munecza Shaikhali.
B．Shahzad Qureshi.
C．The students at Karachi Grammar School.
13．How did the students feel about the project?
A．Surprised. B．Terrible. C．Excited.
14．During the science class, students go outside to ________.
A．study the forest B．climb the trees C．catch birds and butterflies
15．What's the best title for the text?
A．Urban Forest B．City of Trees C．Education on Environment

文章大意：本文主要讲2015年6月，巴基斯坦的卡拉奇市有超过一千人死于热浪，这使Shahzad Qureshi采取行动，开始了城市森林这个项目，文中详细介绍了这个项目运行之后所做的贡献。
11．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第1段中“In June 2015, more than 1,000 people died there during heat wave.”可知2015年6月一场热浪杀死了卡拉奇一千多人。故选B。
12．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第1段中“After the heat wave, Qureshi took action. He started Urban Forest.”可知是Shahzad Qureshi开办了城市森林。故选B。
13．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第4段中“Then the students planted trees in the schoolyard. 'They were excited about the project,' Muneeza Shaikhali says.”可知学生们对这个项目感到兴奋。故选C。
14．A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Students go outside during science class to study the forest.”可知学生们在科学课上到外面去研究森林。故选A。
15．A【解析】标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知本文主要介绍Shahzad Qureshi所开办的Urban Forest（城市森林）项目的实施，用“Urban Forest”做标题最合适。故选A。
Passage 31【2020•湖南省永州市】
Seventy percent of our planet is covered by one huge body of seawater-the ocean. In 2008, the United Nations recognized(确立) June 8 as World Oceans Day. It's a day to think about the important role that the oceans play in our lives, the dangers that our oceans are facing and the action we can take to protect them.
The ocean is home to the most of plants and animals on Earth. Plants in the sea provide us with 70 percent of O2 we breathe. The ocean controls our climate (气候), providing heat in winter and cool air in summer. It also provides us with food and medicine. No matter where you live on the planet, no matter how far from the sea, your life is dependent on the ocean.
The biggest problem facing the ocean at the moment is plastic pollution. Reducing single-use plastic, including plastic bags and plastic bottles, has been an important theme for World Oceans Day for a number of years.
Climate change and rising sea temperatures are also a huge problem. Rising sea temperatures have a direct influence on weather patterns and are seen as partly responsible for an increase in extreme (极端的) weather.
The day is celebrated in all kinds of ways, including special events on the beach, river clean-ups, school activities, art contests and film festivals. You can join in to remind people about the importance of our oceans and to make a difference.
16．What percent of our planet is covered with seawater?
A．30% B．40% C．70%
17．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A．The ocean provides us with heat and cool air.
B．Our life is dependent on the ocean.
C．The ocean provides us with food and medicine
18．What is the biggest problem facing the ocean?
A．Plastic pollution. B．Reducing single-use plastic. C．Air pollution.
19．What is partly responsible for an increase of extreme weather?
A．Climate change. B．Rising sea temperatures. C．Weather patterns.
20．How do people celebrate World Oceans Day?
A．Eating out together. B．Having a meeting. C．Holding special events.
文章大意：地球的70%被海洋覆盖着，海洋是地球上大多数动植物的家园，为我们提供了我们呼吸的70%的氧气。然而海洋正面临着塑料污染、气候变化和海水温度上升等问题。联合国确立世界海洋日来提醒人们海洋的重要性。
16．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第1段中“Seventy percent of our planet is covered by one huge body of seawater-the ocean.”可知地球上的百分之七十被海水覆盖。故选C。
17．B【解析】段落大意题。根据第2段内容及最后一句“No matter where you live on the planet, no matter how far from the sea, your life is dependent on the ocean.”可知我们的生活依赖于海洋。故选B。
18．A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第3段中“The biggest problem facing the ocean at the moment is plastic pollution.”可知海洋面临的最大问题是塑料污染。故选A。
19．B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第4段中“Rising sea temperatures have a direct influence on weather patterns and are seen as partly responsible for an increase in extreme weather.”可知不断上升的海水温度被视为极端天气增加的部分原因。故选B。
20．C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The day is celebrated in all kinds of ways, including special events on the beach, river clean-ups, school activities, art contests and film festivals.”可知人们举办特别活动来庆祝世界海洋日。故选C。
Passage 32【2020•湖南省衡阳市】
Chen Lin is a doctor who is from Hengyang, After his graduation from Peking University, he works in an office for a large organization. And this job can sometimes be just as exciting and dangerous as being an explorer.
Chen Lin works for MSF, an organization also known as Doctors Without Borders(无国界医生). MSF sends trained doctors all over the world to help people after a war or disaster(灾难). Chen Lin has traveled to many places to organize programs that help people in need.
At present, there are over 27,000 trained medical staff taking part in MSF projects and tasks. The organization received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1999. All kinds of doctors can volunteer for MSF. They need to be prepared to go almost anywhere in the world and , of course ,they should expect difficult conditions. Doctors with experience in tropical (热带的) diseases are especially useful because most of MSF’s work is in Africa. When MSF accepts a doctor for a task , he has to go for at least six months. When doctors have completed a few tasks，they might be sent on an emergency task following a disaster, such as an earthquake.
But why would a doctor leave a comfortable life and a good salary to join MSF? According to Chen Lin，the experience you have is a great help in your career. Besides，just like the explorers of the past，you need to keep an open mind and learn to get along well with the people you meet. Most importantly, at the end of each task, you have made a real difference to people’s lives.
21．According to the first paragraph, which is NOT true about Chen Lin?
A．Sometimes, Chen Lin' S job may be dangerous.
B．Chen Lin comes from Guiyang.
C．He graduated from Peking University.
22．MSF sends trained doctors throughout the world to help people_______ .
A．before an earthquake.
B．who are homeless.
C．who are injured in a war or a disaster.
23．Who are greatly needed in Africa according to the passage?
A．Doctors who have experience in tropical diseases.
B．Doctors who are kind and patient,
C．Doctors from all over the world.
24．What does a doctor have to do if he is accepted for a task by MSF?
A．He has to complete a few tasks.
B．He has to go for at least six months.
C．He has to go to Africa.
25．From Dr. Chen's words, we learn that___________ .
A．Where there is a will there is a way
B．Good health is over wealth
C．Giving is getting
本文介绍了无国界医生组织——MSF，这个组织每年提供很多杰出的医生去危险的地方帮助有需要的人，这些经历会给医生志愿者在事业上带来极大的帮助。
21．B【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“And this job can sometimes be just as exciting and dangerous as being an explorer．”可知，陈林的工作可能会很危险，所以A选项正确，排除；根据第一段第一句“Chen Lin is a doctor who is from Hengyang”可知，陈林来自衡阳，所以B选项错误；根据第一段“After his graduation from Peking University”可知，他毕业于北京大学，所以C选项正确，排除。故选B。
22．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“MSF sends trained doctors all over the world to help people after a war or disaster”可知，MSF派受过训练的医生去帮助经历战争或灾难后的人们。故选C。
23．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Doctors with experience in tropical （热带的）diseases are especially useful because most of MSF's work is in Africa”可知，尤其需要有这种热带疾病工作经历的医生。故选A。
24．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“When MSF accepts a doctor for a task ，he has to go for at least six months”可知，当无国界医生接受医生的任务时，他至少要去六个月。故选B。
25．C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“According to Chen Lin，the experience you have is a great help in your career”可知，虽然去执行这些任务危险又辛苦，但是这些工作经历对事业有极大的帮助，这说明了"给予就是得到"。故选C。
2020年中考真题英语分项汇编

（一）【2020 •北京市中考】
There are millions of recipes(菜谱) hidden in the boxes and hearts of grandmother and parents. These family recipes are a special part of our family history. Some of them have been passed down from generation(一代人) to generation.
“I realized I couldn't go home every weekend for my mom's delicious dishes,” says Shreya, who is about to enter university. Shreya has recently started following her mother around the kitchen, taking notes on how to make her “masala chai” and tasty kachoris.
"Those special tastes can immediately unlock a whole flood of emotions, memories and feelings of family, love, and comfort," says she.
She adds, "I am looking to the day when my kids will come to know of their grandmothers through the dishes they cooked."
But many of us find it difficult to keep the food connection with our busy life. Even if we have time, not many of us take the effort to collect and record the recipes from our grandmothers and parents. We often get a recipe on the phone and take it down quickly on a piece of paper. We just stick it onto the fridge for a week or two and forget about it as soon as the paper disappears from there.
Actually, there are simple ways to keep family recipes, Scrapbooks（剪贴薄）are easily found in the market. You can even add photos to record every detail of your memories about the recipe. With the help of some popular apps like Story Scans, recording family recipes has never been easier. What is needed is to scan（扫描） the recipes and record the story behind each of them. It can become the most meaningful work you have ever done with and for your family.
Keeping family recipes is saving and honoring our tradition so that future generations can continue to make family ties stronger. Every time you remember your loved ones, recreate one of the dishes from your collection and let the memories from the good old days comfort you. So why not gift your kids a family recipe book when they are starting a new life?
27. Why does Shreya follow her mother around the kitchen?
A. To clean up the kitchen. B. To note down recipes.
C. To prepare family dinners. D. To talk about family rules.
28. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Ways to record recipes can be easy.
B. Most people like writing recipe books.
C. Recipes have become popular with kids.
D. People often buy recipe books in the market.
29. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Family Recipes: Secrets of Cooking
B. Family Recipes Are at a Crossroads
C. Family Recipes: Connections to Interests
D. Family Recipes Are More than Just Recipes
【文章大意】本文介绍了很多家常菜被代代传承。这些家常菜是我们家族历史中很特别的一部分。我们可以用剪贴簿或者故事扫描等一些应用软件，记录下家庭菜谱。保留家庭菜谱就是保存和尊重我们的传统，这样子孙后代就可以继续加强家庭纽带。
27.B【解析】细节理解题。根据“Shreya has recently started following her mother around the kitchen, taking notes on how to make her “masala chai” and tasty kachoris.”可知，莎莉娅跟着妈妈在厨房转是为了记下菜谱，故选B。
28.A【解析】推理判断题。根据“Actually, there are simple ways to keep family recipes, Scrapbooks（剪贴薄）are easily found in the market. You can even add photos to record every detail of your memories about the recipe. With the help of some popular apps like Story Scans, recording family recipes has never been easier.”可知，记录菜谱的方法很简单。故选A。
29.D【解析】标题归纳题。根据“Keeping family recipes is saving and honoring our tradition so that future generations can continue to make family ties stronger.”可知，保留家庭菜谱就是保存和尊重我们的传统，这样子孙后代就可以继续加强家庭纽带。因此本文主要介绍了家庭菜谱不仅仅是菜谱，还有更深的意义。故选D。
（二）【2020 •北京市中考】


Today we can do everything with apps: pay bills, order food and shop for anything. Mobile technology means we can hold the world in our hands. However, when it comes to technology and health care, opportunities and challenges come together.
Let’s start with the ways to get health care. Telemedicine can allow a patient to use technology to see the doctor online and get a diagnosis (诊断) and instructions without leaving home.
In addition, there are many patient websites. These allow for different kinds of interactions about our health needs without involving the medical team. Setting a date with doctors and reading lab results are readily achieved by technology.
A whole new age of medical care seems likely (可能的) to come in the future. But every coin has two sides. What might be on the other side of techno-health care?
Firstly, we should think about the health care experience as a whole. A usual visit to a doctor begins with a receptionist (接待员) , who can see and tell how a patient is doing, This may influence the treatment effect. It’s unlikely that a patient website will have such intuition.
Next, sharing the details of one's life requires trust, which takes time to build. This is certainly true in health care, where some of life's best and worst moments involve doctors. The human touch should not be undervalued and is unlikely to be there over the smartphone.
Lastly, test results can be difficult to understand. When someone without a medical degree sees a flagged result with no explanation on the website, there's room for all kinds of stories to form in their minds—and also great worry.
So how does medicine adapt (适应) to the new technology age? Very talented companies are working on it .There is medical equipment(设备) that can be used at home to send necessary signs and heart sounds through telemedicine . It seems likely that some companies will find a way to explain test results.
But what it will not achieve is the warmth of human interaction and touch. Patients often need someone to listen to —and care about—their journey story, which will never be realized through a human-less technology. Technology should be a tool, but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects. Let's not allow our humanity to be one of them.
30. According to the passage, how does technology help health care?
A It encourages doctors to voice their needs on the websites
B. It offers the patient a convenient way to get a diagnosis
C. It improves relations between doctors and patients.
D. It provides an opportunity to build a medical team
31. The word “intuition” in Paragraph 5 probably means______.
A. an ability to understand B. an interesting experience
C. a chance to win D. a fair decision
32. What do you know about techno-health care from the passage?
A. Patient websites require trust from doctors.
B. Talented companies can give medical advice.
C. Flagged results may cause worry for patients.
D. Medical equipment collects patients’ stories.
33. The writer probably agrees that_____.
A. technology can deal with unexpected effects.
B. telemedicine can take the place of usual health care.
C. it is difficult for patients to adapt to the new technology age.
D. techno-health care should take humanity into consideration.
【文章大意】本文讲述了技术进步给健康医疗领域带来的机遇和挑战。
30.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Telemedicine can allow a patient to use technology to see the doctor online and get a diagnosis (诊断) and instructions without leaving home. 远程医疗可以让病人不用离开家就可以使用技术在线看医生并得到诊断和指导。”，可知它为病人提供了一种方便的诊断方法，故选B。
31.A【解析】词义猜测题。an ability to understand理解的能力；an interesting experience有趣的经历；a chance to win获胜的机会；a fair decision公平的决定。根据猜题所在句子中的such可知intuition指代的是上文中的“A usual visit to a doctor begins with a receptionist (接待员) , who can see and tell how a patient is doing, This may influence the treatment effect. 通常去看医生的时候会有一个前台接待员，他可以看到并告诉病人情况，这可能会影响治疗效果。”，可知猜题句是指“病人的网站不太可能有这样的理解能力”,所以intuition应指“理解的能力”，故选A。
32.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第六段中“Next, sharing the details of one's life requires trust, which takes time to build. ”，可知分享生活细节需要信任，所以选项A是错误；根据第八段中“Very talented companies are working on it”，可知有能力的公司正致力于解决这个问题，所以选项B是错误的；根据第七段中“When someone without a medical degree sees a flagged result with no explanation on the website, there's room for all kinds of stories to form in their minds—and also great worry. 当一个没有医学学位的人在网站上看到一个没有任何解释的标记结果时，就会有各种各样的故事在他们脑海中形成，同时也会产生巨大的担忧。”，可知标记的结果可能会引起患者的担忧，所以选项C是正确的；根据第八段中“There is medical equipment(设备) that can be used at home to send necessary signs and heart sounds through telemedicine .”，可知有医疗设备可以在家里通过远程医疗发送必要的信号和心脏声音，所以选项D是错的。故选C。
33.D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Technology should be a tool, but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects.”，可知技术应该是一种工具，但完全依赖它肯定会产生意想不到的效果，所以选项A是错误的；选项B意为“远程医疗可以取代通常的医疗保健。”，文章中没有提及，所以排除；根据第八段中“So how does medicine adapt (适应) to the new technology age? Very talented companies are working on it那么医学如何适应新技术时代呢? 有能力的公司正致力于解决这个问题。”，可知选项C是错误的；根据最后一段“Technology should be a tool, but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects. Let's not allow our humanity to be one of them. 技术应该是一种工具，但完全依赖它肯定会产生意想不到的效果。让我们的人性不用成为其中一个。”，可知选项D符合原文。故选D。

（三）【2020 •贵州省黔西南州中考】

Alex is reading a book about AI, artificial intelligence(人工智能) . He finds the book a little difficult but very interesting. Though the word AI is very popular now, he enjoys reading it very much. He has learned a new idea about AI from the book.
When people ask AI a question,, it answers the question in a very short time. So people may feel that AI can think and answer questions as human beings do. Before Alex read this book, he believed this, too. However, this book says it will never happen. Actually, AI only uses a lot of information to get the best answer. So when it has more information, the answer will be much closer to the perfect one. AI technologies will be clever tools for human beings to use. This book also says almost half of our jobs will be done by AI technologies in the near future. People will soon find more AI technologies in our lives, such as checking the tickets, the price, people’s faces and fingers.
So, we believe that we will have much happier lives with these AI technologies around us.
41. What is the short form for “artificial intelligence”?
A. PC. B. AI. C. NBA. D. UFO.
42. What does Alex think of the book?
A. Difficult but interesting. B. Easy but important.
C. Popular and interesting. D. Difficult and important.
43. What new idea does Alex get from the book?
A. AI can think by itself. B. AI can’t answer questions immediately
C. AI can have ideas of its own. D. AI will never think by itself.
44. What is the meaning of the underlined part(划线部分) in the article?
A. Some of the jobs can be done by AI. B. All the jobs can be done by AI.
C. None of the jobs can be done by AI. D. AI will take the place of human beings.
45. Which of the following is true?
A. AI is used everywhere in the world now. B. AI will have its own opinions in the future.
C. Al finds the best answer by using information. D. AI thinks and answers questions as people do.
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了人工智能的相关情况。
41.B【解析】细节理解题。根据“Alex is reading a book about AI, artificial intelligence(人工智能) . ”可知亚历克斯正在读一本关于AI，也就是人工智能的书，故答案选B。
42.A【解析】细节理解题。根据“He finds the book a little difficult but very interesting. ”可知亚历克斯觉得这本书有点难，但很有趣。故答案选A。
43.D【解析】细节理解题。根据“people may feel that AI can think and answer questions as human beings do. Before Alex read this book, he believed this, too. However, this book says it will never happen. Actually, AI only uses a lot of information to get the best answer. ”人们可能会觉得人工智能可以像人类一样思考和回答问题。在亚历克斯读这本书之前，他也相信这一点。但是，这本书说它永远不会发生。实际上，人工智能只使用大量信息来获得最佳答案。因此可知亚历克斯从这本书中得到了一个新想法，那就是AI永远不会自己思考。故答案选D。
44.A【解析】句意理解题。根据下文“such as checking the tickets, the price, people’s faces and fingers. ”比如验票、价格、人脸和手指。结合“People will soon find more AI technologies in our lives,”可知此处说的是有些工作可以由AI来做，故答案选A。
45.C【解析】理解判断题。根据“This book also says almost half of our jobs will be done by AI technologies in the near future. ”这本书还说，在不久的将来，我们几乎一半的工作将由人工智能技术完成。可知，人工智能现在并没有在世界各地都使用，所以A选项错误。根据“people may feel that AI can think and answer questions as human beings do. Before Alex read this book, he believed this, too. However, this book says it will never happen. Actually, AI only uses a lot of information to get the best answer. ”人们可能会觉得人工智能可以像人类一样思考和回答问题。在亚历克斯读这本书之前，他也相信这一点。但是，这本书说它永远不会发生。实际上，人工智能只使用大量信息来获得最佳答案。可知人工智能不会有自己的观点，也不能像人类一样思考和回答问题，但是它可以使用大量信息来获得最佳答案，因此B、D选项错误，而C选项表示正确；故答案选C。
（四）【2020 •江苏省苏州市中考】


I think there are several reasons that suggest developing robots is a waste of money.
In San Diego recently $325,000 was spent on inventing a robotic squirrel to do some scientific experiments. The research proved that squirrels are able to scare away snakes by wagging (摇动) their tails. Do you need a robotic squirrel to work this out?
What about AIBO, a robotic pet, developed in Japan? In Japanese aibou means “buddy”. These pets have been developed at huge cost mainly to provide entertainment. They've been used in movies and music videos. Universities have used them for educational purposes. However, in 2006 the company stopped producing these robotic pets in order to save money. Was it worth a lot of money?
Then there’s NAO, a robot which has been developed by a French company. Its main purpose is to make life easier for humans. It speaks 19 languages and has its own personality. It can tell children a story, help in the classroom or the home, or act as a companion to those people who need someone to be with. A fully developed one costs $16,000. Is that value for money? Who can afford it anyway?
There may be good reasons why it is worth developing robots, but so far I haven’t thought of any.
27. What does the underlined word “companion” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese?
A. 公司 B. 机构 C. 对手 D. 伙伴
28. What is the true fact about the robots mentioned?
A. The robotic squirrel is needed by every scientist to do some research.
B. AIBO wasn’t made any more because it only provided entertainment.
C. A fully developed NAO may tell kids stories in different languages.
D. All the three types of robots used to be produced at a very low cost.
29. What does the writer think of developing robots?
A. It can help bring people a lot of fun. B. It has advantages in many ways.
C. It may be useful but costs too much. D. It is worth a great deal of money.
【文章大意】本文作者通过举例说明开发机器人是浪费钱，开发机器人可能有很好的理由，但作者目前还没想到。
27.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词所在语境“act as a companion to those people who need someone to be with”讲“作那些需要陪伴的人的一名____”，结合选项可知应是“伙伴”。故选D。
28.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第2段中“In San Diego recently $325,000 was spent on inventing a robotic squirrel to do some scientific experiments. ”讲到发明松鼠机器人来做一些科学实验，并未提到每个科学家都需要，A项错误；根据第2段中“However, in 2006 the company stopped producing these robotic pets in order to save money.”可知停止生产AIBO是为了省钱，B项错误；根据第3段中“It speaks 19 languages and has its own personality. It can tell children a story ...”可知一个完全开发的NAO可以用不同的语言给孩子讲故事，C项正确；根据文中价格信息“$325,000”“at huge cost”“$16,000”可知这些机器人的生产耗资巨大，D项错误。故选C。
29.C【解析】观点态度题。根据第一段中“I think there are several reasons that suggest developing robots is a waste of money.”及文中例子可知作者认为开发机器人可能是有用的，但花费太多，是在浪费钱。故选C。
（五）【2020 •山东省滨州市中考】
Animals are our friends. Sometimes they make trouble, but sometimes they can help us. And they hope to live a happy life, too. Here are two real stories from our readers.
The first story is from Ray. "My cat, Tiger, hates it when I use my iPad because it takes my attention away from him. One year, I had a fall at home and was on the floor for 16 hours. During this time, I was unable to move and couldn't get to the phone to call for help. Tiger stayed by my side until he disappeared under my bed. 'What's he up to?' I wondered. To my surprise, he started to push something towards me. It was my iPad, which I didn't realize had fallen off the bed and onto the floor. He probably didn't know what it was, but he knew that it made me happy. Thanks to Tiger, I was able to communicate with my friend, Becky, who then told my doctor."
The second story is from Colin. "Years ago, my friend Julius saved a bird-a wild 'Mom' cockatoo（鹦鹉）from the side of the road and kept it as a pet in a big cage(笼子). It lost one of her wings, so she was unable to return to the wild. Soon, two wild cockatoos came visiting and one 'Dad' bird wanted to find his way into the cage. The 'Mom' cockatoo in the cage was soon expecting. But as she couldn't fly, 'Dad' cockatoo built a home in the tree, keeping off everyone who got close to 'Mom' cockatoo. 'Baby' cockatoo would spend his days flying off with his dad, leaving his mom behind. She would sit and wait until they returned home each afternoon. The family stayed together happily."
After reading the stories, don’t you think we should get along well with animals? No matter they are our pets or live in the wild, they have their feelings. We should respect every life in the world.
26. ________ is the owner of the cat.
A. Becky B. Julius C. Colin D. Ray
27. The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refers to the________.
A. phone B. cat C. iPad D. bed
28. "Mom" cockatoo didn't return to the wild because ________.
A. Julius caught it as a pet B. she was badly hurt and couldn't fly
C. she preferred the life in the cage D. "Dad" cockatoo built a home in the tree
29. The main idea of the passage is that ________.
A. Ray, Becky and Colin are animal lovers B. we shouldn't use iPad too much
C. friends should help each other D. we should respect every life in the world
30. In which part of a newspaper would you probably read the passage?
A. Sports news. B. People and animals. C. Health. D. Travel.
【文章大意】动物是人类的朋友，本文讲述了两个有关动物的故事，告诉我们要和动物和平相处，尊重每一个生命。
26.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“The first story is from Ray. ‘My cat, Tiger, hates it when I use my iPad because it takes my attention away from him…’”可知，Ray是猫的主人。故选D。
27.C【解析】词句猜测题。A：电话；B：猫；C：平板电脑；D：床。分析“It was my iPad, which I didn't realize had fallen off the bed and onto the floor. He probably didn't know what it was, but he knew that it made me happy.”可知，是我的平板电脑，我没有意识到它从床上掉到了地板上，他可能不知道那是什么，但他知道那让我很开心。所以推测此处it指的是平板电脑。故选C。
28.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“It lost one of her wings, so she was unable to return to the wild.”可知，因失去了一只翅膀，受伤而不能飞，所以她无法回到野外。结合选项，故选B。
29.D【解析】主旨大意题。A：雷、贝基和科林都是动物爱好者；B：我们不应该过多地使用平板电脑；C：朋友应该互相帮助；D：我们应该尊重世界上的每一个生命。分析全文内容可知，动物是人类的朋友，本文讲述了两个有关动物的故事，告诉我们要和动物和平相处，尊重每一个生命。故选D。
30.B【解析】推理判断题。A：体育新闻；B：人与动物；C：健康；D：旅行。根据文章内容可知，本文讲述了两个有关动物的故事，告诉我们要和动物和平相处，尊重每一个生命，所以内容和人与动物相关。故选B。
（六）【2020 •山东省滨州市中考】


Whether from news reports or social media articles, you may know that 5G is coming.
5G is the 5th generation network. It is a new network(网络)after 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G and it can connect everyone and everything together. 5G networks will cover many cities in China soon. 5G means super-fast data(数据) speed, one can download a two-hour movie for fewer than 10 seconds, and it is making our lives more and more convenient.
5G will make self-driving cars possible. For safety, self-driving cars need super-fast data transmission(传输)to communicate with their nearby environment. 5G is just what makes self-driving cars achieve this. Eyen airplanes will become "smart" in the near future. Passengers will be able to use 5G networks in the air to connect to the Internet or place orders for food and drinks.
5G will be a big help for students who take online classes. Many people live in poor areas in the world where there are no schools. But with 5G, this will change. Students all over the world will be able to see places like the Great Wall without leaving their rooms.
It will be also easier for doctors to treat patients remotely by 5G. It means caring for patients from far away.
The facts listed above are only a part of what 5G will make possible and popular. Just as in the early days of the Internet in the 1990s, few could see how it could change the world. The same will surely be true of 5G. With 5G, many things do not seem like dreams anymore. Now let's get ready to say goodbye to 4G and welcome the coming of 5G.
41. How long may it take to download a two-hour movie with 5G?
A. 15 seconds. B. 8 seconds. C. 10 minutes. D. 2 hours.
42. The underlined word "remotely" means________in Chinese.
A. 快速地 B. 高效地 C. 远程地 D. 科学地
43. From the last paragraph, we can know that________.
A. 4G is no more used in our daily life now
B. the writer is worried about the coming of 5G
C. with 5G, some of our dreams will come true for sure one day
D. in the 1990s, all the people believed that the Internet would change our life
44. 5G will make the following things more and more popular EXCEPT________.
A. self-driving cars B. "smart" airplanes
C. online classes D. hospitals without doctors
45. About 5G, ________ is NOT mentioned in the passage.
A. to be used freely B. super-fast data speed
C. to connect everyone and everything together D. to make life more convenient than 4G
【文章大意】本文主要向我们介绍了5G的一些优势。
41.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“one can download a two-hour movie for fewer than 10 seconds, and it is making our lives more and more convenient.”可知，使用5G网络下载一部2小时的电影只需要不到10秒。结合选项，故选B。
42.C【解析】词句猜测题。分析“It will be also easier for doctors to treat patients remotely by 5G. It means caring for patients from far away.”可知，医生通过5G远程治疗病人也将变得更容易，这意味着可以照顾远方的病人。所以推测remotely是“远程地”含义。故选C。
43.C【解析】推理判断题。A：现在4G在我们的日常生活中已经不再使用了；B：作者对5G的到来感到担忧；C：有了5G，我们的一些梦想肯定有一天会实现；D：在90年代，所有人都相信互联网会改变我们的生活。分析最后一段内容可知，本段主要叙述有了5G，很多事情不再像梦想一样了。现在让我们准备告别4G，迎接5G的到来。故选C。
44.D【解析】推理判断题。A：自动驾驶汽车；B：“智能”飞机；C：网上课程；D：没有医生的医院。根据倒数第二段中“It will be also easier for doctors to treat patients remotely by 5G. It means caring for patients from far away.”可知，文中只提及5G使医生远程治疗成为可能，而不是说医院没有医生。故选D。
45.A【解析】细节理解题。A：免费试用；文中并未提及可以免费试用5G网络。B：速度超快的数据；根据第二段中“5G means super-fast data(数据) speed”可知，文中提及了5G是速度超快的数据。C：将所有人和所有事联系在一起；根据第二段中“It is a new network(网络)after 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G and it can connect everyone and everything together.”可知，文中提及了5G将所有人和所有事联系在一起。D：让生活比4G更便捷。根据第二段中“and it is making our lives more and more convenient.”可知，文中提及了5G让生活比4G更便捷。故选A。
（七）【2020 •山东省泰安市中考】

To many people, art is a human expression of creativity. But in recent years, you may have read news about artificial intelligence（AI）creating its own art, such as painting or writing poems. Some people worry that AI might someday replace（替代）artists.
But this worry seems to be unnecessary, at least for now. Many artists today are turning AI into a useful tool. Instead of replacing artists, AI is bringing artists more possibilities.
A piece of music created by AI recently attracted attention. AI was used to create the music based on the protein（蛋白质）structure of COVID-19. The music lasted nearly two hours. The project was led by Markus Buehler, an American musician and MIT professor（教授）of engineering. He assigned (指定) a unique note (独特的音符) to each amino acid (氨基酸) is the protein. The AI then translated these notes into music.
Listeners found the project “mind-blowing”. “It allows me to see the virus in a new way,” said one listener. This surprising combination (结合) between science and art could not be achieved without AI. As The Verge wrote, “AI helps artists play around in unpredictable ways, creating things beyond (超过) what they have ever thought was possible before.”
Apart from creating imaginative works, AI can also take care of repetitive (重复乏味的) tasks for artists. For example, in the comic and cartoon industries, there are now AI tools that can automatically (自动) color in black-and-white line drawings. Although the results can be unpredictable and require a little cleanup. it can give artists room to experiment (实验) by cutting down the time it takes to color each picture.
As Peter Ward wrote for The Culture Trip. “Art of every kind has always been influenced by technological developments.” AI can become a useful tool to bring change to the art world if it’s welcomed and not unfairly feared.
22. According to the passage, AI can’t ________ now.
A. write poems B. paint C. replace artists D. create music
23. Which of the following is NOT true according to the third and fourth paragraphs?
A. AI created a piece of music about COVID-19.
B. Many of AI’s art creations are beyond artists’ imagination.
C. Science and art can be combined with the help of AI.
D. Markus Buehler was not a professor of engineering, but a musician.
24. The underlined phrase “Apart from” in the fifth paragraph can be replaced by “________”.
A. Besides B. Instead of C. Because of D. According to
25. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Technological developments have greatly influenced people’s daily life.
B. AI has been widely used in science research.
C. AI is bringing more help to the art world as a useful tool.
D. AI’s creativity has caused more and mare worries.
【文章大意】本文讲述了近年来人工智能开始创造自己的艺术，但人工智能并没有取代艺术家，反而给艺术家带来了更多的可能性，人们认为人工智能可以成为一种给艺术世界带来变革的有用工具
22.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“Some people worry that AI might someday replace artists. But this worry seems to be unnecessary, at least for now. Many artists today are turning AI into a useful tool. 有些人担心人工智能有一天会取代艺术家。但这种担心似乎没有必要，至少目前是这样。今天许多艺术家正在把人工智能变成一种有用的工具。”，可知现在人工智能不会取代艺术家，故选C。
23.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“AI was used to create the music based on the protein（蛋白质）structure of COVID-19. 人工智能被用来创造基于COVID-19蛋白结构的音乐。”，可知选项A是正确的；根据第四段中“AI helps artists play around in unpredictable ways, creating things beyond (超过) what they have ever thought was possible before. 人工智能帮助艺术家们以不可预知的方式发挥作用，创造出超出他们以前认为可能的东西。”，可知选项B是正确的；根据第四段中“This surprising combination (结合) between science and art could not be achieved without AI. 没有人工智能，科学和艺术之间的这种令人惊讶的结合是不可能实现的。”，可知选项C是正确的；根据第三段中“The project was led by Markus Buehler, an American musician and MIT professor（教授）of engineering. 该项目由美国音乐家、麻省理工学院工程学教授Markus Buehler领导。”，可知选项D是错误的。故选D。
24.A【解析】词义猜测题。Besides除了；Instead of代替；Because of因为；According to通过。根据下一句“AI can also take care of repetitive (重复乏味的) tasks for artists人工智能还可以处理艺术家的重复性任务”，可知前一句是指“除了创作富有想象力的作品”，所以apart from意为“除了”，故选A。
25.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文中第二段“Many artists today are turning AI into a useful tool. Instead of replacing artists, AI is bringing artists more possibilities.”，可知这篇文章主要是讲许多艺术家正在把人工智能变成一个有用的工具，人工智能并没有取代艺术家，反而给艺术家带来了更多的可能性，故选C。
（八）【2020 •四川省达州市中考】


Traditional Chinese culture is catching the world’s eyes. The good traditional Chinese culture is our great treasure. President Xi Jinping says we should have a high of culture confidence. There are so many great works in the course of Chinese history such as Di Zi Gui,Lun Yu,Meng Zi and so on. Xi Jinping and other leaders often borrow some wonderful sentences from them. Dao De Jing is also one of them.
It is widely believed that Lao zi, a famous Chinese philosopher and the founder of Taoism, was the writer of Dao De Jing. There are only 5000 characters in the book, but it is considered as one of the oldest and most important philosophy books of ancient China .It includes two parts, Dao and De.
Dao means "the Way". It doesn’t tell us how to choose the right way, but it really shows that one should act through naturalness and non-action.
Naturalness refers to a natural state of being, an attitude of following the way of nature. Lao Zi thought that everything in the world has its own way of being and developing. Birds fly in the sky; Tigers live in the forest; Fish swim in the water; Flowers bloom and flowers fall. He gave advice to the people who have strong feelings to control the world. He said they should give up the desires （欲望）.
Non-action （无为） does not mean that one should do nothing but passively wait for something to be achieved. What he meant is that human should follow the way of nature and try not to break the rule of nature.
De means“Virtue（德行）”. Lao zi thought the great virtue is like water. And he thinks nothing in the world is weaker than water, yet nothing is stronger than water when it comes. It can nearly destroy everything strong. In ancient China, there is also a saying, water can hold the boat, it can also make the boat turn upside down. Water is a typical （典型的） example of the weak beating the strong.
Of course, there are many other wonderful things we can learn from the book. Today, Dao de Jing still plays a role in the development of Chinese thoughts. It is becoming more and more popular with people around the world.
31. According to Dao De Jing, which picture shows an attitude of breaking the way of nature?
A. B. C. D.
32. Why did Lao zi think the great virtue is like water?
A. Because water is a typical example of the strong beating the weak.
B. Because Lao zi thought nothing in the world is weaker than water.
C. Because water is a typical example of the weak beating the strong.
D. Because water can hold the boat.
33. What does Dao De Jing tell us?
A. We should act by following the way of nature and have the great virtue.
B. We should choose the right way to success.
C. We should do nothing but passively wait for something to be achieved.
D. We should become strong and try our best to satisfy our desires.
34. What is the feeling that the writer wants to express in the passage?
A. Serious. B. Proud. C. Upset. D. Sad.
【文章大意】本文主要讲了中国传统文化正吸引着世界的目光，良好的中国传统文化是我们的伟大财富，作者以《道德经》为例，并简要阐述了其伟大思想。
31.B【解析】推理判断题。根据上文Naturalness refers to a natural state of being, an attitude of following the way of nature. …Flowers bloom and flowers fall.自然是指一种自然的存在状态，一种遵循自然方式的态度。老子认为世界上的一切都有自己的存在和发展方式。鸟儿在天空中飞翔；老虎在森林里生活；鱼在水里游泳；花开花落。结合图片，可知图片B“杀害斑马”属于人为打破了自然生存方式，故选B。
32.C【解析】细节理解题。根据上文Water is a typical example of the weak beating the strong. 水是弱者打强者的典型例子，可知这是老子认为上善若水的原因，故选C。
33.A【解析】推理判断题。根据上文Dao means "the Way". …it really shows that one should act through naturalness and non-action. Naturalness refers to a natural state of being, an attitude of following the way of nature. De means “Virtue（德行）”. Lao zi thought the great virtue is like water. 道是“方式”的意思。它确实表明一个人应该通过自然和不行动来保持自然的存在状态，拥有一种遵循自然方式的态度。德的意思是“德行”。老子认为上善若水。综上所述，可知我们应该遵循自然之道，拥有伟大的美德。故选A。
34.B【解析】推理判断题。Serious严肃的；Proud自豪的；Upset不安的；Sad伤心的。根据上文Of course, there are many other wonderful things we can learn from the book. Today, Dao de Jing still plays a role in the development of Chinese thoughts. It is becoming more and more popular with people around the world. 当然，还有许多其他精彩的东西我们可以从这本书中学到。今天，《道德经》仍然在中国思想的发展中发挥着作用。它越来越受到世界各地人们的欢迎。不难看出，字里行间流露出作者对中国传统文化的自豪感，故选B。
（九）【2020 •四川省甘孜州中考】
On a weekend during Spring Festival, my parents and I were sitting in a restaurant. The drinks and food were good, so when we finished, my father left a tip(小费). As we were about to open the door, the waiter caught up with us. He gave the tip back to us. My dad forgot that here is China, and tipping is not common.
However, in some countries, tipping is the norm. That’s the way it is in the US. It’s said to be good manners to tip your waiter, taxi driver, hairdresser, doorman and so on. And how much you tip depends on the service, which can really put your math skills to the test! But we usually give a tip that is 15-20% of the bill.
So why is there a strong custom of tipping? In the US, waiters have a very low income(收入). They depend on tips to pay their bills. As a US writer once wrote about her experience as a waitress, “It was difficult and I lived and died by my tips."
41. What did the family think of the food at the restaurant?
A. Delicious. B. Cheap. C. Cold.
42. Where were the parents when the waiter stopped them?
A. At the table. B. At the door. C. Outside the restaurant.
43. What does the underlined word “norm” mean in Paragraph 2?
A. Idea. B. Custom. C. Bill.
44. What can be the tip for a $100 bill according to the writer?
A. $8. B. $10. C. $18.
45. The last paragraph mainly tells us __________.
A. who need tips for their life
B. how the US writer made her life
C. why tipping is popular in the US
【文章大意】本文通过作者春节期间的一个经历引出了不同国家给小费的这一现象，在中国给小费并不常见，但在一些国家，给小费是一种常态。
41.A【解析】细节理解题。delicious美味的；cheap便宜的；cold冷的。根据第1段中“The drinks and food were good, so when we finished, my father left a tip.”可知作者一家觉得餐馆的食物很好，所以才给了小费。故选A。
42.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第1段中“As we were about to open the door, the waiter caught up with us.”可知服务员追上去的时候作者一家正要开门，应该是在门旁边。故选B。
43.B【解析】词义猜测题。idea主意；custom风俗，惯例；bill账单。根据画线词所在语境“That’s the way it is in the US. It’s said to be good manners to tip your waiter, taxi driver, hairdresser, doorman and so on.”可知在美国给服务员、出租车司机、理发师、门卫等人小费是有礼貌的，结合下文“So why is there a strong custom of tipping?”可知给小费是一种习俗，结合选项可知“norm”与“custom”意思相近。故选B。
44.C【解析】计算题。根据第2段中“But we usually give a tip that is 15-20% of the bill.”可知给的小费是账单的15%到20%之间，账单是一百元的时候，C项小费占账单的18%，而其他两项均不足15%。故选C。
45.C【解析】段落大意题。根据最后一段“So why is there a strong custom of tipping?”询问为什么给小费的风俗如此盛行，及后文对问题的回答，可知最后一段主要告诉我们为什么给小费在美国盛行。故选C。
（十）【2020 •浙江省湖州市中考】

Dear Sir/Madam,
①It is now common to go online in the home, yet a recent survey showed that ninety-five percent of parents do not know what websites their children visit. I strongly believe that a training project should be started to help parents to improve their Internet and computer skills so that they can better monitor and guide their children.
②One advantage of providing training is that it would get parents to pay more attention to their children's online activities. If they had a better understanding of the Internet, they would see the need to make sure that their children use it properly and responsibly.
③Another argument for providing training to parents is that it would allow parents to help their children with their schoolwork. These days, a lot of homework needs to be done on computers. If parents have poor computer skills, they will be of little or no help with homework, which can make them upset. Some people argue that it is good that students can work independently on computers. However, it is clear that students, especially young students, often need this kind of home support.
④Improving parents' Internet and computer skills might also be a good way or parents to improve their relationships with their children. These days, children spend a lot of their free time on computers. If parents want to be part of that free time, they need to see that playing on computers can be a fun family activity. Joining their children can help parents bridge the generation gap(代沟) between them and their children.
⑤I strongly believe that children need to be helped and guided to use the Internet in a proper and responsible way, and so training is extremely important.
Yours faithfully.
Pat Chan
19. In the letter, the writer ________.
A. thinks parents should improve their Internet and computer skills
B. advises children not to spend a lot of their free time on computers
C. tries to make children less worried about their online schoolwork
D. explains why parents should pay more attention to their children
20. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
A. B.
C. D.
21. The letter is probably from the part of ________ in a newspaper.
A. culture B. sports C. health D. education
【文章大意】本文主要叙述开始一个培训项目来帮助父母提高他们的网络和电脑技能的好处和原因。
19.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“I strongly believe that a training project should be started to help parents to improve their Internet and computer skills so that they can better monitor and guide their children.”可知，作者坚信应该开始一个培训项目来帮助父母提高他们的网络和电脑技能，这样他们就可以更好地监督和指导他们的孩子。故选A。
20.C【解析】篇章结构题。分析文章内容可知，第一段总述作者认为应该开始一个培训项目来帮助父母提高他们的网络和电脑技能；第二、三、四段分别说明这样做的原因和好处；第五段总结培训的重要性。故选C。
21.D【解析】推理判断题。A：文化；B：运动；C：健康；D：教育。分析文章内容可知，本文主要叙述开始一个培训项目来帮助父母提高他们的网络和电脑技能的好处和原因。内容与教育孩子相关。故选D。
（十一）【2020 •浙江省湖州市中考】
Stephen Hawking, one of the world's most famous scientists, believed that humans will one day have to move into space, "Once we step into space, our future should be safe," he said.
Today, many countries are all planning to send astronauts to Earth's closest neighbor: the moon. Some of these countries want to create space stations there within the next 10 years. These stations will prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other earthlike planets.
__①__ Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, thinks humans should colonize(殖民) space. He wants to start with Mars. Why? He thinks sending people to Mars will allow us to learn a lot of things—for example, the ability of humans to live in a very different environment. Besides, any progress we make in the fields of science, technology, medicine. and health will do good to people here on Earth.
__②__ Elon Musk, the CEO of Space X also believes we should colonize Mars. His long-term goal is to put one million people there if something bad happens to us here on Earth.
__③__ Many people say it's too expensive. Also, most space trips are not short. A one-way trip to Mars, for example, would take at least six months. People traveling this kind of distance could face many health problems. Besides, these first people would find life especially difficult in space. On the moon's surface, for example, the sun's rays are very dangerous. People would have to stay indoors most of the time.
__④__ No matter what different concerns there are, sending people into space seems certain. In the future, we might see cities on the moon or even new human cultures on other planets. First stop: the moon.
22. According to the passage, why are some countries planning to build space stations?
A. To develop space travel. B. To learn more about the moon's surface.
C. To prepare humans to live on other planets. D. To cut down the number of people living on Earth.
23. Which is the best place for the sentence "Not everyone thinks sending humans into space is a smart idea. "?
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
24. What is the purpose of this passage?
A. To give reasons for and against colonizing space.
B. To describe what life would be like on the moon.
C. To compare the environments of Mars and the moon.
D. To introduce progress in space science and technology.
【文章大意】现在很多国家都计划把宇航员送入月球，希望在那里建立空间站，为以后移民火星或其他星球做准备。对此不同科学家有不同的观点。
22.C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第二段“Some of these countries want to create space stations there within the next 10 years. These stations will prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other earthlike planets.”可知，一些国家希望在月球建立空间站，为以后人类访问火星或其他行星做好准备。故选C。
23.C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为“‘不是每个人都认为把人类送入太空是一个明智的想法’这个句子最好放在哪里”。根据句意可知，这是反对人类访问太空这一做法的，短文第五段“Many people say it's too expensive. People traveling this kind of distance could face many health problems. Besides, these first people would find life especially difficult in space.”很多人觉得这样做很贵、可能有健康问题以及太空生活可能很困难等，都是反对的观点，故选C。
24.A【解析】主旨大意题。根据文意可知，短文第一、二段先陈述了很多国家都想访问太空这一事实，第三、四、五三段列举了不同科学家对此的观点，最后一段是总结。A选项“给出支持和反对太空移民的理由”符合文意，故选A。
（十二）【2020 •浙江省湖州市中考】
It's a school holiday today. It's warm and the sun is shining. It's the perfect day for an outing. Zack, Vera, Kelly and Tim are discussing what they are going to do. Let's listen and see what happens...
Zack: Hey you guys, it would be a shame to stay inside on a day like this. How about taking the bus to Stanley and going to the beach?
Tim: [excitedly] That sounds great.
Kelly: I'm in! But can we go to the mall first so I can get some suntan oil?
Zack: [hesitantly(犹豫地)] Well, Kelly, I suppose we've got time...
Vera: And we can stop off in Tsim Sha Tsui and get something to eat first. I'm sorry, but I don't think I'll be able to get anything good once we get there.
Zack: I don't know, Vera —it's already eleven o'clock..
Tim: Actually, why don't we have a look at Stanley, Market before we go to the beach? The bus stops right in front of the market. I want to look for some casual shirts and trousers.
Kelly: Oh, yes, Tim, let's do that. Maybe they have some trendy swim suits, and some jewellery...
Zack: [to himself] This is really awful! [to the others] Look, I don't want to go to a restaurant or go shopping—I just want to go to the beach on a nice day. You all said you'd go with me, but if you don't want to, you don't have to. See you later.
[sound of a door opening and closing ]
Vera: Somebody's not glad!
Tim: Well, it was his idea to go out, after all.
Kelly: Oh, dear, poor Zack. I'm going to call him.
[on the telephone] Hi, Zack? Look, just wait at the bus stop for me. I'm coming now. I won't go to the mall.
Tim: Tell him I'm coming too. We don't need to stop at the market.
Vera:[sighs(吸气)] Oh, all right. I can risk having lunch at the beach, I guess.
Kelly:[on the telephone] Zack? We're all coming now. We should all enjoy this great day together.
[to the rest] OK let's go. We shouldn't keep Zack waiting.
Tim:[hurriedly] OK, come on, everybody...[fade]
25. What does "I'm in!" in line 7 mean?
A. I'll come too. B. I'm on the bus.
C. I'm at home now. D. I've made a decision.
26. In lines 9 and 10, Vera thinks that ________.
A. it's more fun to have lunch in Tsim Sha Tsui
B. the food at Stanley Beach isn't very good
C. the others will be angry because of her suggestion
D. she will be hungry by the time they get to the beach
27. In line 22, who does "somebody" refer to?
A. Kelly. B. Tim. C. Vera. D. Zack
28. Which of the following might be the best title for the play?
A. How to Make Decisions B. Let's Plan a Trip!
C. Stop for a While D. Keep It Simple!
【文章大意】今天学校放假。天气暖和，阳光灿烂，是郊游的好天气。Zack, Vera, Kelly和Tim他们打算去斯坦利海滩游玩，本文是他们正在讨论的对话内容。
25.A【解析】词句猜测题。根据下文But can we go to the mall first so I can get some suntan oil? 但是我们能不能先去购物中心，我去买些防晒油?可知Kelly是同意Zack的提议，想“参加”去海滩的旅行，因此“I'm in!”应是“参加”的意思，故答案选Ａ。
26.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第九和第十行Vera说的话：And we can stop off in Tsim Sha Tsui and get something to eat first. I'm sorry, but I don't think I'll be able to get anything good once we get there. Vera认为在去沙滩之前先吃点东西，因为到那里就买不到什么好东西了。由此可以推知Vera认为斯坦利海滩的食物不太好，故答案选Ｂ。
27.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文Zack所说的话[to himself] This is really awful! [to the others] Look, I don't want to go to a restaurant or go shopping—I just want to go to the beach on a nice day. You all said you'd go with me, but if you don't want to, you don't have to. See you later. (自言自语)这太可怕了!(对其他人)看，我不想去餐馆或购物，我只想在天气好的时候去海滩。你们都说要和我一起去，但如果你们不想去，就不必去。再见。[sound of a door opening and closing ] 开门和关门的声音。结合本句Vera: Somebody's not glad! Vera说“某人不高兴了!”由此可知这里的“somebody”指的是Zack，故答案选Ｄ。
28.D【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Zack, Vera, Kelly和Tim他们打算去斯坦利海滩游玩，一开始他们有的人想去先买一些防晒油，有的人想在去海滩之前先吃一些东西，有的人想买一些休闲的衬衫和裤子……，但最终因Zack他们都改变了自己的主意，决定一切从简，去斯坦利海滩享受这个美好的日子。结合选项A. How to Make Decisions如何做决定；B. Let's Plan a Trip! 让我们计划一次旅行吧!C. Stop for a While停一停；D. Keep It Simple! 保持简单!可知Ｄ选项可以概括全文，故答案选Ｄ。
（十三）【2020 •浙江省嘉兴市中考】
Is there a connection between music and language? According to recent studies, the answer is yes: Music helps develop certain language abilities in the brain.
A study from Northwestern University shows that playing a musical instrument can improve a person's hearing ability. As a part of the study, two groups of people listened to a person talking in a noisy room. The people in the first group were musicians, while those in the second group had no musical training. The musicians were found to be able to hear the talking person more clearly.
Musicians hear better, says study leader Nina Kraus, because they learn to pay attention to certain sounds. For example, when the violinists play in an orchestra（管弦乐队）, they must listen closely to what they are playing and ignore(忽视)the other sounds. In this way, musicians can hear certain sounds better, even in a room with lots of noise.
Gotfried Schlaug, a doctor at Harvard Medical School, works with stroke(中风)patients.
Because of their illness, these people cannot say their names, addresses, or other information normally However, they can till sing. Dr. Schlaug was surprised to find singing words helped his patients finally speak. Why does this work? Schlaug isn't sure. Music seems to be able to make different parts of the brain active, including the bad parts. In some way, this helps patients use those parts of the brain again.
So music is not only enjoyable, but also good for us in many other ways. Playing an instrument or singing, says Nina Kraus, can help us do better in school and keep our brain sharp as we get older.
24. What were the people in the first group asked to do in the study of Northwestern University?
A. Listen to different kinds of music. B. Make some noise in an empty room.
C. Give the second group musical training. D. Find out what the talking person was saying.
25. The writer uses the example of violinists in Paragraph 3 to explain________.
A. how musicians play in an orchestra B. how musicians ignore certain sounds
C. why musicians have better hearing ability D. why musicians are not afraid of loud noise
26. Gottfried Schlaug helps his stroke patients speak by________.
A. playing music for them B. getting them to sing words
C. teaching them to play instruments D. joining the bad parts of their brain
27. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce different ways of playing music.
B. To give some advice about making our brain active.
C. To show the relationship between music and language abilities.
D. To share the results of recent studies on treating stroke patients.
【文章大意】本文谈论的是音乐和语言之间的联系。结果表明，演奏乐器可以提高一个人的听力能力，甚至能帮助一个生病的人变得更好。
24.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“The people in the first group were musicians, while those in the second group had no musical training. The musicians were found to be able to hear the talking person more clearly. 第一组是音乐家，而第二组没有受过音乐训练。音乐家们被发现能更清楚地听到说话的人。”，可知第一组的人被要求找出谈话的人在说什么，故选D。
25.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“For example…In this way, musicians can hear certain sounds better, even in a room with lots of noise. 例如，当小提琴手在管弦乐队中演奏时，他们必须仔细倾听他们正在演奏的东西，而忽略其他声音。这样，音乐家可以更好地听到某些声音，即使是在一个有很多噪音的房间里。”，可知作者用小提琴手的例子来解释为什么音乐家有更好的听力，故选C。
26.B【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Dr. Schlaug was surprised to find singing words helped his patients finally speak.”，可知Gottfried Schlaug通过让中风患者唱歌来帮助他们说话，故选B。
27.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“According to recent studies, the answer is yes: Music helps develop certain language abilities in the brain. 根据最近的研究，答案是肯定的：音乐有助于培养大脑的某些语言能力。”，可知这篇文章的主要目的是说明音乐与语言能力的关系，故选C。
（十四）【2020 •浙江省嘉兴市中考】
Whenever I’m invited to somebody’s house for the first time, I’ll take a close look at their bookshelves. What they keep on their shelves, in my eyes, is a reflection(反映) of their personal tastes and interests. The books on a bookshelf tell the story of a life.
My own shelves are a kind of roadmap through my life, telling a chronological tale. First up come my favorite childhood reads, like Watership Down and His Dark Materials. The collection then moves on to teenage things I read in school — Nineteen Eighty-Four, The Handmaid’s Tale and A Clockwork Orange. Finally, we come out of full-time education and enter the real world, and this part is a reflection of my professional(职业的) life, from the first exciting days of work experience to the present.
If you pointed to any book on my shelves, I could name the year I got it, where I was working, and probably where I was living at the time.
__▲ It is an easy way to get to know about his hopes, dreams and interests. And a big part of that story is how we arrange(排列) our books, and get on with them. It’s such a personal thing, different from each other. Some want to be with their books in every room, others have them on shelves, behind glass or simply lining their floors. Each home has a story to tell through the way they live with their books.
It’s often said that what we read says something about who we are. The way we fill our bookshelves might also send a message about ourselves. From the pile of books on your bedside table to your well-organized shelves, whether we notice it or not, our book collections are telling a story before a single page has been turned.
32. The books on the writer’s own shelves are organized according to _________.
A. their prices B. their writers
C. his personal interests D. the periods of his life
33. Which of the following is the best sentence to fill in the blank in Paragraph 4?
A. Every book is worth reading. B. Each bookshelf holds a special dream.
C. Book collections tell so much about a person. D. The books a person reads depend on his choices.
34. The writer seems to agree that ____________.
A. we’d better not put our books on the floor
B. the way we arrange our books shows our tastes
C. the books at our bedside are usually more important
D. we can know about a person by reading the message he sends
35. It can be learned from the passage that the writer is probably__________.
A. a book lover B. a story teller C. a shelf collector D. a fashion designer
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，作者提出了从一个人的书来了解一个人的观点。
32.D【解析】题意：作者自己书架上的书的排列方式都是按照_______。
细节理解题。根据原文My own shelves are a kind of roadmap through my life, telling a chronological tale可知，我自己的书架就像是我人生的路线图，讲述着一个按时间顺序排列的故事。D选项the periods of his life“他人生的各个时期”符合题意，故选D。
33.C【解析】题意：下列哪一项是填入第4段空白处的最佳句子？
推理判断题。根据原文It is an easy way to get to know about his hopes, dreams and interests可知，这是了解一个人的希望、梦想和兴趣的简单方法，故空格处所填句子应该与通过书的收集方式可以观察一个人有关。C选项Book collections tell so much about a person“书籍的收集方式告诉我们很多关于一个人的信息”符合题意，故选C。
34.B【解析】题意：作者似乎同意_______。
观点态度题。根据原文Book collections tell so much about a person. It is an easy way to get to know about his hopes, dreams and interests. And a big part of that story is how we arrange(排列) our books, and get on with them可知，作者同意这样一个观点，即“人们安放自己书籍的方式反映了个人品味”。B选项the way we arrange our books shows our tastes“我们整理书籍的方式显示了我们的品味”符合题意，故选B。
35.A【解析】题意：从这篇文章中可以看出，作者可能是_______。
推理判断题。根据原文My own shelves are a kind of roadmap through my life, telling a chronological tale和If you pointed to any book on my shelves, I could name the year I got it, where I was working, and probably where I was living at the time可知，作者很爱书，以至于他能记得购入每一本书的时间和当时自己生活的状态，可见书已经融入了作者的生活。A选项a book lover“爱读书的人”符合题意，故选A。
（十四）【2020 •浙江金华中考】

Every night, just after the sun goes down. Ruth Medjber talks with her neighbours in Dublin, Ireland, and takes a picture of them at their windows.
These photos, in some way, show people's lives during the global pandemic (大流行病).
"I started out taking photos of just friends and family. In this way, I could connect with them during this special time when people have to stay at home," the photographer explained. "I live alone, so I was missing the days when we were free to communicate with friends. Every evening, on my way to seeing friends, I had a sense of purpose."
Now she's making new friends.
The photo project has taken off online, and she has opened it up to volunteers. But they must be the people who live within 5 kilometers of her home—the Irish government doesn't allow people to go farther out than that.
"I pick a street each night and try to take photos of volunteers," Ruth said. "I usually take about four photos before it is completely dark, but two if I'm talking a lot—which I love to do."
She said more and more neighbours are joining in her photo project and it has now got a name, Low at Home.
"I think people like knowing that they're not alone even if they have to stay at home, and they really try to pick out those who are similar to themselves in the photos," she said. "It's also a different view(视角) of the pandemic: the more human view. Instead of showing what the pandemic has taken from us, it shows that it has given us more chances to be with family and friends and spend time together."
"I think we'd love most to find something nice, even in the most serious situation as it is now," Ruth said.
19. Ruth started out taking the photos in order to____________.
A. raise some money B. connect with friends and family
C. make new friends D. join in a photo project of volunteers
20. According to the passage, Low at Home is the name of ____________.
A. a photo project B. the picture shown in this passage
C. a street in Dublin D. the special time when people stay home
21. According to what Ruth said in Paragraph 8, "the more human view" shows____________.
A. the beauty of streets in a city of Ireland
B. how people do things when staying at home
C. the moment of family and friends being together
D. what the global pandemic has taken from people
22. From the passage we can infer(推断）that Ruth is a _____________ person.
A careful B. shy C. hardworking D. loving
【文章大意】本文主要讲述在大流行病期间人们选择拍照片的方式与亲人朋友保持联系，告诉我们即使在不好的境况下也要保持良好的心态，用好的角度去看待问题。
19.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“In this way, I could connect with them during this special time when people have to stay at home”可知，Ruth开始拍摄照片是为了与家人和朋友保持联系。故选B。
20.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第七段中“She said more and more neighbours are joining in her photo project and it has now got a name, Low at Home.”可知，Low at Home是这个项目的名字。故选A。
21.C【解析】推理判断题。分析第八段中“It's also a different view of the pandemic: the more human view. Instead of showing what the pandemic has taken from us, it shows that it has given us more chances to be with family and friends and spend time together.”可知，此处the more human view指的是从另一个角度看待这个事情，那就是它给了我们更多的机会与家人和朋友待在一起。故选C。
22.D【解析】推理判断题。A：细心的；B：害羞的；C：勤奋的；D：有爱的。根据文中对Ruth的描述可知，她每天晚上挑选一条街，给志愿者拍照，希望人们能在困境中找到好的东西，所以她是一个非常有爱的人。故选D。
（十五）【2020 •浙江金华中考】
My dear boys and girls, good morning. Today I'm going to talk to you, about my understanding of learning history.
Many of you may think it is a terrible thing to study history. You may often wonder why we students should study something that has nothing to do with our own lives. If you think that way, I should say you are far from the truth.
In fact, if we study history, we can learn quite a lot about personal stories and events (事件)of people just like us. The people who came before us helped build and develop the country we are living in. Their ideas often solved many of our problems and troubles. Studying the past helps us to understand what our ancestors'(祖先)lives were like. And it also helps us to see how their experiences have shaped our own life.
To be honest, ▲ . Some of what we study in history helps us understand the mistakes of the past. And these mistakes will help people not to do the same wrong things. People often learn from the past to have a better future.
Whether we like the subject of history or not, we must understand the importance of the events and the people who came before us. Our ancestors' decisions have influenced our own life. Similarly, the decisions of our own generation(一代人）will finally influence those who come after us. In this only way, the world is truly connected.
History is not just a study of the past. History is the study of people, places, and events that can influence the future.
Now do you still think studying history is a sad thing? Or do you have any doubt about learning history? If you have any question, just feel free to ask.
23. What kind of writing is the passage above?
A. A diary. B. A story. C. A speech. D. A letter.
24 Which of the following can be put in the ▲ in Paragraph 4?
A. the mistakes of the past won't help us.
B. I don't like the idea of learning history
C. it is not easy to learn the subject of history
D. not everything that happened in the past is good
25. According to Paragraph 5, the decisions of our generation will ______________.
A. show what is happening to us B. build and develop our country
C. influence the people in the future D. help understand the people in the past
26. The writer wrote the passage to ___________________.
A. introduce some important people in history
B. develop students' interest in learning history
C. explain different people's understanding of history
D. show the relationship between the past and the future
【文章大意】本文主要是作者对于学习历史的理解，谈谈学习历史的好处并培养学生学习历史的兴趣。
23.C【解析】推理判断题。A：日记；B：故事；C：演讲；D：信。根据文中“My dear boys and girls, good morning. Today I'm going to talk to you, about my understanding of learning history.”和“If you have any question, just feel free to ask.”可知，本文主要是作者谈谈对学习历史的理解，结尾还说如果有问题尽管问，所以推测应该是演讲内容，故选C。
24.D【解析】推理判断题。根据后句“Some of what we study in history helps us understand the mistakes of the past.”可知，我们在历史中学习的一些东西帮助我们理解过去的错误。所以历史不总是正确的、好的，也有不好的、错误的东西。故选D。
25.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Similarly, the decisions of our own generation(一代人）will finally influence those who come after us.”可知，我们这一代做的决定最终会影响我们的后人。故选C。
26.B【解析】推理判断题。A：介绍一些历史上重要的人物；B：培养学生学习历史的兴趣；C：解释不同的人对历史的理解；D：展示过去和未来的关系。分析文章内容可知，本文主要是作者对于学习历史的理解，谈谈学习历史的好处并培养学生学习历史的兴趣。故选B。
（十六）【2020 •浙江金华中考】


Very often, when we see young people sitting there, looking at the screen of a mobile phone and smiling, we may think nothing is wrong. But when we come to the question "how much time do they actually spend on media(传播媒介）daily?", the answer is surprising: young people spend about nine hours every day using media, and this only includes media used for enjoyment.
Today's young people seem to have become crazy multitaskers. They often use media when doing other activities. Some watch TV when doing homework, some text(发短信), and some others listen to music. But what do young people think of this? A research showed that two thirds of them believed watching TV or texting had no influence on their schoolwork. Half of them thought using social media made no difference. However, researches have given a different answer: "media multitaskers" did worse in tests.
Scientists did a research among more than 400 students. It shows that those who text a lot have more trouble sleeping and do worse in their study. In another research, students who didn't text during a lesson took down a lot more notes than those who were texting. A similar research also found that students who texted when doing schoolwork had lower overall(总体的）grades.
According to a research, if a kid uses social media a lot, especially at night, he or she will sleep worse and feel more nervous and depressed(消沉的). On the one hand, young people stay up late to check messages and information. They may also be woken up by messages they receive. On the other hand, even the light from a screen could influence their sleep. Some other researches also show that children who use media at night go to bed later, get fewer hours of sleep each week, and become sleepy more easily during the daytime.
27. The answer to the question in Paragraph l is surprising because young people ______.
A. spend about 9 hours on media for fun daily
B. often look at their mobile phones and smile
C. always sit there for a long time doing nothing
D. use different kinds of media to relax themselves
28. The underlined word "multitaskers" in Paragraph 2 refers to people who___________.
A. ask a lot of questions B. use different media for learning
C. have several mobile phones D. do several tasks at the same time
29. From the passage we can learn that a kid will probably ________ if he or she uses social media a lot at night.
A. become more worried B. get more excited
C. take fewer notes in class D. sleep much better
30. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Social media is very popular among young people.
B. Using media too much has a bad influence on young people.
C. The use of social media has both advantages and disadvantages.
D. Mobile phones are the main tools students use for school learning.
【文章大意】本文介绍了目前存在的问题，社交媒体的过多使用会带来很多负面的影响。
27.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“the answer is surprising: young people spend about nine hours every day using media, and this only includes media used for enjoyment.”可知，问题的答案令人惊讶，因为年轻人每天花9个小时在媒体上娱乐。故选A。
28.D【解析】词句猜测题。A：问许多问题；B：为了学习使用不同的媒体；C：有几部手机；D：同时做不同的任务。分析“Today's young people seem to have become crazy multitaskers. They often use media when doing other activities.”可知，他们经常在做其他活动的时候使用媒体。所以他们是一心多用的人，此处强调“同时做不同的事”。故选D。
29.A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“According to a research, if a kid uses social media a lot, especially at night, he or she will seep worse and feel more nervous and depressed(消沉的).”可知，如果一个孩子晚上经常使用社交媒体，那么孩子会睡得更糟，感觉更紧张和抑郁。结合选项，故选A。
30.B【解析】主旨大意题。A：社交媒体在年轻人中非常流行。B：过度使用媒体对年轻人有不良影响。C：社交媒体的使用有利有弊。D：手机是学生在学校学习的主要工具。分析本文内容可知，本文介绍了目前存在的问题，社交媒体的过多使用会带来很多负面的影响。结合选项，故选B。
（十七）【2020 •浙江省宁波市中考】


Robots Are Now Teaching English!
Get ready. Robots are about to invade our classroom. From Korea to Japan to the United States, schools are putting English-speaking robots in front of their students. In Korea, robots are the new teaching assistants in a number of preschools and kindergartens.
The young students say that the robots are fun, but are these children really learning anything?
I don't think a computer will ever be able to do what a teacher does. A teacher has to be able to respond to students as individuals (个体) . ___28___▲___29___, and a teacher has to change his or her teaching style to fit the needs of the student. I seriously doubt that a computer will ever be able to do this even though the big data (数据) is widely used in the world.


Sara says:
In my opinion, schools should spend money training human teachers rather than buying robots. Research shows that children learn more from real speakers than from recorded conversations.
Keiko says:
I don't think you can learn a language without real human interaction. After all, robots cannot think as humans do.
Hassan says:
Robots might be able to help people learn a language, but I don't think they should replace teachers because robots are just machines without human feelings.
Nancy says:
I think robots might be very helpful in the classroom. A child might be less afraid to make a mistake in front of a robot than in front of a real person.


28. The underlined word "invade" in Para 1 probably means________
A. enter B. leave C. accept D. fight
29. Which of the following can be best put in ▲ in Para. 2?
A. Each teacher is different B. Each student is different
C. All teachers are helpful D. All students are fun
30. Of the 4 comments, ________thinks that robots could give lots of help to learners in class.
A. Sara B. Keiko C. Hassan D. Nancy
31. What's the writer's attitude (态度) towards robots' teaching English?
A. Uncaring. B. Supportive. C. Doubtful. D. Agreeable
【文章大意】机器人即将进入我们的教室。从韩国到日本再到美国，学校都在把会说英语的机器人放在学生面前。在韩国，机器人成为许多幼儿园和幼儿园的新助教。针对这种现象，作者和其他的四个人对此发表了自己的评论。
28.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据下文From Korea to Japan to the United States, schools are putting English-speaking robots in front of their students. In Korea, robots are the new teaching assistants in a number of preschools and kindergartens. 从韩国到日本再到美国，学校都在把会说英语的机器人放在学生面前。在韩国，机器人成为许多幼儿园和幼儿园的新助教。可知此处说的是机器人即将进入我们的教室。所以invade应该是“进入、入侵”的意思，故答案选A。
29.B【解析】词句猜测题。根据上文A teacher has to be able to respond to students as individuals.老师必须能够以个体的身份对学生做出反应。以及下文and a teacher has to change his or her teaching style to fit the needs of the student. 教师必须改变教学方式以适应学生的需要。可知此处表达的应是“每个学生都不一样”，所以教师应该根据学生的需要改变教学方式，故答案选B。
30.D【解析】细节理解题。根据Nancy says: I think robots might be very helpful in the classroom. Nancy说：我认为机器人可能在课堂上很有帮助。可知，在这4条评论中，Nancy认为机器人可以在课堂上给学习者很多帮助，故答案选D。
31.C【解析】细节理解题。根据I seriously doubt that a computer will ever be able to do this even though the big data is widely used in the world. 尽管大数据在世界上得到了广泛的应用，但我非常怀疑计算机是否有能力做到这一点。可知，作者对机器人教英语是持有怀疑的态度的，故答案选C。
（十八）【2020 •浙江省台州市中考】
Imagine this. There's an apple and a piece of cake on a table. Which one would you like? The delicious cake or the healthy apple? A bestseller, Willpower: Rediscovering Our Greatest Strength, suggests that willpower(意志力)is the ability to make decisions that are better for us in the long term, rather than in the short term.
Here is a famous experiment in the book: The Marshmallow Test. In 1972, Professor Walter Mischel tested the willpower of 600 four-year-olds to six-year-olds. In the experiment, each child was left alone in a room for fifteen minutes with a marshmallow(棉花软糖）on a table in front of them. They were given two choices: they could either eat it or, if they waited fifteen minutes, they'd be given a second one(and then they could eat both).
So, what did the kids do? Well, as you can imagine, 70% ate the first marshmallow within the fifteen minutes. But the other 30% showed willpower—they controlled themselves and waited for the second marshmallow. But then Mischel discovered something really interesting. Twenty years later, he got in touch with the children, who, by then, were in their early twenties. And he found that those who'd shown strong willpower were getting better marks at university and were more popular.
Willpower is like a muscle（肌肉), and the more you exercise it, the stronger it gets.
So, if you do daily "self-control exercises", such as making your bed or brushing your teeth, you'll improve your overall willpower. And daily willpower exercises will help you with those bigger goals, such as studying for an exam or training for a marathon.
Be careful though. Just like any muscle, your "willpower muscle" can get tired. If you've had to do lots of things that require willpower, take a break or give yourself a treat.
That way, you’ll build up your willpower again.
And one last thing, the writer mentions people who learn foreign languages usually have a lot of willpower. So, congratulations!
23. How many children got two marshmallows in the Marshmallow Test in 1972?
A. 180. B. 240. C. 420. D. 600.
24. In Paragraphs 2&3, the famous experiment explains __________.
A. more kids have stronger willpower
B. willpower influences people's lives greatly
C. how people practice children's willpower
D. marshmallows can help improve willpower
25. The writer probably agrees that ________.
A. all the language learners have stronger willpower
B. will power can't be improved by doing some daily things
C. young kids don't need to practice willpower like grown-ups
D. people with strong willpower can achieve their goals more easily
26. According to the passage, people who ________ might have strong willpower.
A. do regular piano practice every day B. give up morning running halfway
C. eat as much junk food as they like D. usually get up late on the cold morning
【文章大意】畅销书《意志力:重新发现我们最大的力量》指出，意志力是一种能力，它能做出长期而非短期对我们更有利的决定。文章通过一个著名的实验说明了意志力对人们生活的影响。并告诉我们如何来提高我们的整体意志力。
23.A【解析】推理判断题。根据In 1972, Professor Walter Mischel tested the willpower of 600 four-year-olds to six-year-olds.以及But the other 30% showed willpower—they controlled themselves and waited for the second marshmallow.可知，在1972的棉花糖测试中，共有600个孩子参加，其中有30%的孩子得到了两个棉花糖，也就是180个孩子，故答案选A。
24.B【解析】理解判断题。根据But then Mischel discovered something really interesting. Twenty years later, he got in touch with the children, who, by then, were in their early twenties. And he found that those who'd shown strong willpower were getting better marks at university and were more popular. 但随后Mischel发现了一件非常有趣的事情。二十年后，他与孩子们取得了联系，那时他们才二十出头。他发现那些表现出强烈意志力的人在大学里成绩更好，也更受欢迎。由此可知，这个著名的实验说明了意志力对人们生活的影响很大。故答案选B。
25.D【解析】细节理解题。根据And daily willpower exercises will help you with those bigger goals, 每天的意志力训练会帮助你实现更大的目标。可知作者应同意有坚强意志力的人更容易实现他们的目标，故答案选D。
26.A【解析】推理判断题。根据So, if you do daily "self-control exercises", such as making your bed or brushing your teeth, you'll improve your overall willpower.所以，如果你每天做“自我控制练习”，比如整理床铺或刷牙，你就会提高你的整体意志力。也就是说你每天固定的去做一件事情，你就会有很强的意志力。结合选项，可知A选项“每天有规律地练习钢琴”符合题意，故答案选A。
（十九）【2020 •重庆市B卷中考】
Facial recognition technology(人脸识别技术）is widely used today. For example, police use it to search for bad guys. It's also used to unlock phones or doors.
Now, a similar technology, known as facial detection(探测), is entering a new field: the business of advertising(广告).
Such systems are going through tests in a small number of stores. One facial detection system can judge a person's "happiness" or "fear" level. That helps businesses see how people feel as they lo at products or advertisements in the store. Another system can detect whether someone is wearing eyeglasses. If so stores can send advertisements for new glasses to him.
Facial detection technology is also placed inside some large advertising boards. Cameras in those boards can detect information like people's ages and five levels of feelings——from "very happy" to "very unhappy".
Supporters of the technology say it could improve buyers' experience by showing products they might like or by offering them products at lower prices
Some are against the idea of using such systems. Pam Dixon, the head of a privacy(隐私)group, is one of them. She thinks ▲ . For example, a business could raise the price of a product according to a person's age and feelings.
However, one store testing the technology explained they wouldn't store people's information like names or ages. And the advertising board system maker said it didn't keep any personal information or record any videos.
36. Facial detection technology can tell people's _________, according to the passage.
A. weight B. feelings C. height D. jobs
37. Which of the following sentences can be put in the _________?
A. nobody likes to have their feelings collected
B. it is very important to protect people's privacy
C. the strange actions may cause something unfair
D. businesses may use them to have more customers
38. We can infer from the passage that facial detection technology _________.
A. can detect buyers' names and record them
B. is put inside some large advertising boards
C. may be used to sell cheaper goods in all stores
D. may need some time before being widely used
39. The best title of the passage may be"_________.
A. Facial Recognition Technology Entering a New Field
B. Facial Recognition Technology Looking for Bad Guys
C. Facial Detection Technology Going into Advertising Field
D. Facial Detection Technology Improving Buyers' Experience
【文章大意】本文介绍了人脸检测技术在商业广告领域的应用，人们对这项技术有不同的看法，有的人认为这是侵犯了个人的隐私，系统制造商解释这并不会保存个人的任何信息。
36.B【解析】细节理解题。根据One facial detection system can judge a person's "happiness" or "fear" level“人脸检测系统可以判断一个人的高兴或恐惧程度”，可知，人脸检测系统可以说出人们的感受。故选B。
37.C【解析】词句猜测题。根据For example, a business could raise the price of a product according to a person's age and feelings，可知，这个技术可以根据人的年龄和感受抬高产品价格，这种行为相对来说是不公平的。结合所给选项，此空填C选项符合语境，表示“这种奇怪的行为可能会引起某些不公平的事情”。故选C。
38.D【解析】推理判断题。根据Such systems are going through tests in a small number of stores“这种系统正在少数商店里进行测试”，可推断，人脸检测系统在被广泛使用之前还需要一段时间，故选D。
39.C【解析】最佳标题。根据Now, a similar technology, known as facial detection(探测), is entering a new field: the business of advertising，可知，本文主要讲述人脸检测系统在商业广告领域的应用。故选C。
（二十）【2020 •四川省甘孜州中考】
Have you ever heard “You never get a second chance to make a first impression(印象)?” It may sound like an unusual piece of advice, but it is true—the first impression someone has of you when meeting you for the first time will probably influence how that person reacts to you in the future.
What is even more interesting is that the brain takes in all the information to create that first impression in about three seconds. When you meet someone for the first time, by the time you have said your name or shaken hands, the other person has already formed(形成) an opinion about the kind of person you are.
So how do you make a good first impression? Being polite and being well dressed is very important. However, the most important way of making a good first impression is your face. Smiling almost always leaves a positive(积极的) impression on people, especially those who do not know you. Most people, generally speaking, are ready to smile back when they are smiled at.
What’s more, smiling and being positive helps you to know and get a better understanding of new things. This means that you can possibly be friendlier to people you do not know and be more creative and able to solve problems more quickly. So if you ever need a reason to be happy, think about the wonderful people you might meet—and impress—with a cheerful smile.
61. What do the underlined words “reacts to” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Treats. B. Changes. C. Describes.
62. What can we learn about the first impression from Paragraph 2?
A. It comes very quickly. B. It is very strange. C. It is very interesting.
63. What is the most important to make a good first impression?
A. Shaking hands. B. Dressing nicely. C. Smiling.
64. What can be learned from the last paragraph?
A. Information helps you solve problems.
B. There are many reasons to be happy.
C. Being positive helps you find a way out.
65. What would be the best title of the text?
A. The importance of the first impression
B. The ways of leaving deep impressions
C. The reasons for leaving impressions
本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述第一印象的重要性，怎样给他人留下好的第一印象以及微笑和积极的心态给人们带来的好处。
61.A【解析】词义猜测题。treats对待；changes改变；describes描述。根据画线词所在语境“the first impression someone has of you when meeting you for the first time will probably influence how that person reacts to you in the future”讲“第一次和你见面时，别人对你的第一印象可能会影响他以后对你的____”，结合选项可知此处是说会影响以后如何对你，reacts to与treats意思相近。故选A。
62.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第2段中“What is even more interesting is that the brain takes in all the information to create that first impression in about three seconds. ”可知大脑会在大约三秒钟内吸收所有的信息来创造第一印象。由此可知第一印象来的很快。（C选项属于干扰项，文中说的是第一印象来的很快这个现象是有趣的，并非说第一印象是有趣的，由此可排除C。）故选A。
63.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第3段中“However, the most important way of making a good first impression is your face. Smiling almost always leaves a positive impression on people, especially those who do not know you.”可知给人留下良好第一印象最重要的是脸，微笑能够给人留下积极印象，而握手、穿着得体与脸无关，排除AB。故选C。
64.C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“What’s more, smiling and being positive helps you to know and get a better understanding of new things.”可知微笑和保持积极的情绪有助于你了解和更好地理解新事物，所以积极的态度能帮助我们。故选C。
65.A【解析】标题归纳题。根据第1段中“the first impression someone has of you when meeting you for the first time will probably influence how that person reacts to you in the future”可知，短文先点明了第一印象的重要性，然后介绍了如何留下一个好的第一印象。故A选项“第一印象的重要性”做标题最合适。故选A。
【2019年】
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编

（一）【2019 • 湖南省长沙市】

Recently, a junior high school sent several students back home because they broke the school uniform（校服）rules. Should students wear school uniforms? The Young World magazine held a discussion on this topic（话题）.
Kennedy: The school uniform is very important, because it always reminds me that I am supposed to go out of my way to study hard. It also helps prevent school bullying（欺凌）. If everyone wears the same clothes, it is impossible to laugh at other people’s clothing.
Manson: The uniform has to be earned（获得）through efforts. Students should start school with no uniforms. As they make progress at school, they start wearing it. I always think children need to be proud of their school. The uniform is important for that. So, make students earn it! If they don’t perform well, they should not be allowed to get one.
Moorhead: In my opinion, kids don’t have to wear uniforms. There should be more choices open to kids in education. They ought to develop their own independence and just be themselves. Their personalities would be expressed through their own clothes at school. And different dress could be one way of showing their understanding of beauty. Besides, they make the school lively and colorful.
Patrick: I can see the advantages of wearing school uniforms. They play a very important role in managing schools. However, a school should not depend heavily on uniforms to improve students’ behaviors. Teaching them how to express themselves with confidence（信心）is more important.
1. What does the writer mean to do in Paragraph 1?
A. Present an opinion on a subject.
B. Introduce a topic for discussion.
C. Provide a way to solve problems.
2. What is Kennedy in the second paragraph?
A. A student. B. A teacher. C. A parent.
3. In Manson’s opinion, ___________.
A. students have the right to get school uniforms for free
B. students should be encouraged to earn school uniforms
C. students performing well needn’t wear school uniforms
4. According to Patrick, what is more important?
A. Managing schools by uniforms.
B. Improving students’ behaviors.
C. Helping students express themselves confidently.
5. We can learn from the text that ___________.
A. Kennedy can’t stand school uniforms
B. Moorhead is against school uniform rules
C. the writer holds the same opinion as Patrick’s
【文章大意】短文就学生是否应该穿校服这一话题展开讨论。Kennedy认为穿校服很重要，可以提醒学生努力学习，它也有助于防止学校欺凌事件的发生。Manson认为应该鼓励学生通过自己的表现来获得校服，如果学生表现不好，就不应该允许他们穿校服。Moorhead反对学校穿校服的规定。Patrick认为穿校服在学校管理方面起着非常重要的作用，然而教给学生如何自信地表达自己更重要。
1. B【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的句子＂Should students wear school uniforms? The Young World magazine held a discussion on this topic（话题）.＂学生应该穿校服吗？The Young World杂志就这个话题进行了讨论。可知作者在第一段介绍了一个将要讨论的主题。故答案为B。
2. A【解析】细节判断题。根据第二段中的句子＂The school uniform is very important, because it always reminds me that I am supposed to go out of my way to study hard.＂校服很重要，因为它总是提醒我要努力学习。由此判断Kennedy是一名在校学生，故答案为A。
3. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的句子＂So, make students earn it! If they don’t perform well, they should not be allowed to get one.＂让学生们赢得校服！如果他们表现不好，就不应该允许他们得到校服。由此可知，Manson认为应该鼓励学生通过自己的表现来获得校服。故答案为B。
4. C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文最后一句＂Teaching them how to express themselves with confidence（信心）is more important.＂教给他们如何自信地表达自己更重要。因此在Patrick看来，帮助学生自信地表达自己更重要。故答案为C。
5. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Kennedy认为校服很重要，A答案错误；根据第三段中的句子
＂In my opinion, kids don’t have to wear uniforms.＂可知，Moorhead反对学校穿校服的规定，B答案正确；文章列举了四个人对学生穿校服的个人观点，我们无法判断作者倾向于哪个观点，C答案错误，故答案选B。
（二）【2019 • 辽宁省盘锦市】
It’s reported that more than 450 million Chinese have myopia(近视). Around 30 percent for primary school students, 60 percent for junior high students and 80 percent for senior high students are nearsighted. Maybe this is because students spend a lot of time reading books and using electronic products.
Parents might have tried to do something to fix it, such as having their children get eye massages(按摩), take medicine or even get surgery. People who offer these services or products often promise that they can reduce(缓解) or even cure(治愈) myopia.
However, you will no longer see advertisements like this before long. The government has made a notice to ban(禁止) this kind of advertisements. The notice bans businesses from using words like ＂recovery＂(恢复) and ＂myopia cure＂ in their advertisements. The notice says that myopia cannot be completely cured with medical technology now. As a result, these advertisements could mislead children and their parents.
To reduce myopia among young people, the government made a new plan last August. The plan limits(限制) not only the time children play video games but also the production of new video games.
Young people can prevent and control myopia by spending more time outside and less time in front of books or computers. People who have eyesight problems should go to a hospital and let a doctor decide what to do.
6. What’s the myopia rate of junior high students according to the passage?
A. 30%. B. 45%. C. 60%. D. 80%.
7. Parents might do the following EXCEPT to fix myopia according to Paragraph 2.
A. have their children get eye massages B. buy them special glasses
C. make their children take medicine D. get their children to do surgery
8. You won’t see advertisements on myopia with the word ＂ ＂ in the near future.
A. recovery B. eyesight C. medical D. reduce
9. Which sentence is True according to Paragraph 4 and 5?
A. Students in lower grades are easy to get myopia.
B. Production of new video games has been limited.
C. Spending less time outdoors is good for children’s eyesight.
D. The notice gives advice on protecting the eyesight of elderly people.
10. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Don’t believe the advertisements.
B. Students shouldn’t be allowed to play video games.
C. The government and people are saving children’s eyesight.
D. Myopia can be cured with the medical technology at present.
【文章大意】本文介绍了中国人的近视问题。文章指出超过4.5亿中国人患有近视。大约30%的小学生，60%的初中生和80%的高中生是近视。为了减少年轻人的近视，政府去年8月制定了一项新计划。该计划不仅限制了儿童玩电子游戏的时间，而且还限制了新游戏的制作。年轻人可以通过花更多的时间在外面而更少的时间在书本或电脑前来预防和控制近视。有视力问题的人应该去医院，让医生决定怎么做。
6. C【解析】细节理解题。根据Around 30 percent for primary school students, 60 percent for junior high students and 80 percent for senior high students are nearsighted. 大约30%的小学生，60%的初中生和80%的高中生是近视。可知，初中生的近视率为60%。故选C。
7. B【解析】细节理解题。根据Parents might have tried to do something to fix it, such as having their children get eye massages(按摩), take medicine or even get surgery. 父母可能会尝试做一些事情来解决这个问题，比如让他们的孩子做眼部按摩，吃药，甚至做手术。可知，给他们买特制的眼镜在文中没有提到。所以选B。
8. A【解析】细节理解题。根据The notice bans businesses from using words like＂recovery＂(恢复) and ＂myopia cure＂in their advertisements. 该通知禁止企业在广告中使用＂恢复＂和＂近视治疗＂等词。可知，在不久的将来，你不会看到有关＂恢复＂字样的治疗近视的广告了。故选A。
9. B【解析】细节理解题。根据Around 30 percent for primary school students,可知，低年级学生容易近视。是不对的；所以选项A不对；根据The plan limits(限制) not only the time children play video games but also the production of new video games. 该计划不仅限制了儿童玩电子游戏的时间，而且还限制了新游戏的制作。可知，新视频游戏的生产受到限制。选项B. Production of new video games has been limited.与原文符合，因此B正确；根据Young people can prevent and control myopia by spending more time outside and less time in front of books or computers. 可知，减少户外时间有利于年轻人的视力而不是儿童的视力。所以选项C不对；根据Young people can prevent and control myopia by spending more time outside and less time in front of books or computers. People who have eyesight problems should go to a hospital and let a doctor decide what to do.可知，本通知对保护年轻人的视力提出建议。而不是老年人。故选项D不对。所以本题正确的是选项B。
10. C【解析】细节理解题。根据To reduce myopia among young people, the government made a new plan last August. The plan limits(限制) not only the time children play video games but also the production of new video games. 为了减少年轻人的近视，政府去年8月制定了一项新计划。该计划不仅限制了儿童玩电子游戏的时间，而且还限制了新游戏的制作。和句子Parents might have tried to do something to fix it, such as having their children get eye massages(按摩), take medicine or even get surgery. 父母可能会尝试做一些事情来解决这个问题，比如让他们的孩子做眼部按摩，吃药，甚至做手术。可知，这些都是政府和人们正在为拯救儿童的视力所做的。故选C。
（三）【2019 • 江苏省镇江市】
Some researchers explain how most people form their social groups with people of their age. Especially, as children and teenagers, even adults, people make their friends based on proximity(邻近) more than anything else. Even in a college classroom, the students may not make friends with those who have similar personalities and interests. It’s the people they really sit next to. Clearly, who stands nearest to you has the greatest influence on you. As Jim Rohn has widely said. "You are average(平均) of five people you spend the most time with."
Over the past ten months, I’ve paid Ryan, a famous writer of several bestselling books, to help with the book I’m writing. Working with him has shown me just how low my standards for my work are. For example, every time I send him a drab(草稿), he shows me how it could be 10 times better, and he holds me to that standard.
___▲____ It’s because that I don’t know what I don’t know. Working with Ryan has made me realize what is possible and what it takes to create something powerful.
Like Ryan, my business partner Richard has wonderful ideas and far different experience than I have. He has written 36 New York Times Bestsellers. He’s been speaking and doing events for 20 years. Richard always performs at high levels, and he is also very strict with me because my performance is a reflection(反映) on him. It’s not a bad thing because it creates high pressure(压力) to help me make great progress in organizing author training.
In a word, you need to stay with those people who can help you realize your level and potential. Staying with people who have higher standards is the fastest way for you to change. If you don’t change your environment, your progress will be very slow. Who you stay with has huge importance. You can’t ignore this.
11. Why did the writer quote(引用) Jim Rohn’s words in Paragraph 1?
A. To support the writer’s opinion.
B. To introduce the writer’s best friend.
C. To show Jim Rohn’s working ability.
D. To prove Jim Rohn is a great person.
12. Which of the following can be put at the beginning of Paragraph 3?
A. It’s not that my workmates’ abilities are low.
B. It’s not that my working ability was born low.
C. It’s not that’ e friends based on proximity.
D. It’s not that I’ve paid Ryan to help me with my book.
13. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 refer to(指代)?
A. The writer’s performance. B. Jim Rohn’s famous saying.
C. Richard’s different experience. D. Richard’s strictness with the writer.
14. The writer mainly wants to tell us that ____________.
A. we can improve our working abilities by ourselves
B. we must pay attention to our talent and potential
C. we’d better make friends with those who can hold us to higher levels
D. we should stay with those who have similar personalities and interests
【文章大意】这篇短文讲述的是人们在交朋友的时候，往往以亲近度为基础，因此离你最近的人对你的影响往往最大。作者通过讲述自己和身边两个好朋友相处的例子，告诉我们和高水平、高标准的人在一起，你就能有很大的改变，能取得很大的进步。和谁在一起非常重要。
11. A【解析】推理判断题。短文开头Some researchers explain how most people form their social groups with people of their age.作者先解释了人们如何与其他人形成社会群体，从而得出结论Clearly, who stands nearest to you has the greatest influence on you.＂离你最近的人对你影响最大＂。紧接着作者引用了Jim Rohn的话，因此我们可以知道，作者这样是为了用名人的话来支持自己上面得到的结论。故应选A。
12. B【解析】推理判断题。上一段作者介绍了自己和Ryan相处的例子，Ryan是一个有高标准的人，他对作者的影响很大。空格后的这句话It’s because that I don’t know what I don’t know.＂是因为我不知道我所不知道的东西是什么＂，解释了作者工作能力低、对自己要求低的原因。因此这个空应选B，意为＂并不是说我的工作能力天生就差＂，
13. D【解析】细节理解题。it是一个代词，代指前面提到的事物，根据上句话Richard always performs at high levels, and he is also very strict with me because my performance is a reflection(反映) on him. 和这句话It’s not a bad thing because it creates high pressure(压力) to help me make great progress in organizing author training.可知，Richard对作者要求非常严格，这对于作者来说反而是一件好事，因为它给了作者很大的压力，能帮助作者取得进步。由此可知it指代的是Richard对作者要求严格这件事。故选D。
14. C【解析】主旨大意题。根据短文第一段中Clearly, who stands nearest to you has the greatest influence on you.以及最后一段Who you stay with has huge importance. You can’t ignore this.可知，离我们最近的人对我们的影响最大，所以和谁在一起很重要。因此如果我们想要取得进步，我们就应该和那些有更高水平的人在一起。故C选项符合文意。
（四）【2019 • 贵州省遵义市】
English is becoming more and more popular in China. It can be used in every field, such as on some signs and restaurant menus. But there are some problems when people use it. Perhaps you’ve seen the English letters "WC" in your city. They show public toilets. But do you know it is far from native（地道的） English? In fact, foreigners from English-speaking countries seldom use the letters.
Workers in our city are changing "WC" signs all over the city. The government is spending much money changing all the bad English on signs and restaurant menus. Many other places in China are following our steps.
"WC, or water closet, is old-fashioned English. It sounds dirty to me. "says Nancy, a young woman from the US. The old sign will become "Gents/Men" and "Ladies/Women". "I see much poor English in everyday life, and not only on signs," she says, "I know what they mean，but they are Chinglish，not real English. For example, when someone says to me "My hometown is Guizhou Province", I know he or she should say "My hometown is in Guizhou Province". Hometown is a smaller place in a province. The common mistakes that Nancy picked up include "Not Entry", which should be "No Entry", "Direction of Airport" should be changed to "To the Airport". And it is "Room Rate", not "Room Price". And remember to "Keep off the Grass" rather than "Care of the Green".
The next time you walk on the street or eat in the restaurant, you can go and see if the expressions are right.
15. Who seldom uses letters of "WC" according to the passage?
A. Chinese students.
B. Foreigners from other countries.
C. Teachers in China.
D. English-speaking foreigners.
16. What’s the attitude（态度）of the government towards the bad English on signs?
A. It’s native. B. It should be changed.
C. It doesn’t matter. D. It can be used on signs.
17. When Nancy sees much poor English in everyday life, ___________.
A. she thinks it should be corrected
B. she thinks it is dirty
C. she thinks it is proper
D. she likes to use it
18. Which of the following signs is Right?
A. Not Entry
B. Room Price
C. To the Airport
D. Care of the Green
19. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Chinglish on menus.
B. Money spent on Chinglish.
C. Usages of native English.
D. Letters of "WC".
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了英语在中国越来越受欢迎，它在各个领域使用，但是也出现了不规范的英语）——中式英语，不是真正的英语。政府正花很多钱更换标志和餐厅菜单上更换所有不好的英语。来自美国的年轻女人南希在日常生活中也看到很多不好的英语，她认为应该改正。
15. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第1段最后一句In fact，foreigners from English-speaking countries seldom use the letters.（事实上，来自英语国家的外国人很少使用这些字母。）可知说英语的外国人很少使用＂WC＂字母。故选D。
16. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第2段第2句The government is spending much money changing all the bad English on signs and restaurant menus. （政府正花很多钱，更换招牌和餐馆菜单上所有不好的英语。）可知＂政府对标牌上的糟糕英语的态度是它应该被更改＂；故选B。
17. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第2段第4句I know what they mean，but they are Chinglish，not real English. （我知道它们的意思，但它们是中式英语，而不是真正的英语。）和举例应该说My hometown is in Guizhou Province 不是My hometown is Guizhou Province，No Entry 不应该说Not Entry等，可知当南希在日常生活中看到很多糟糕的英语时，她认为应该更正。故选A。
18. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中"Not Entry"，which should be "No Entry"（＂Not entry＂应为＂No entry＂）可知A错误；第2段倒数第2句And it is "Room Rate"，not "Room Price". （ ＂房价＂是Room Rate，不是Room Price）可知B错误；根据第2段最后一句And remember to "Keep off the Grass" rather than "Care of the Green". （记住勿践踏草地是Keep off the Grass不是Care of the Green）可知D错误；根据倒数第3句"" should be changed to ""（Direction of Airport（机场方向）应改为To the Airport）可知C正确；选C。
19. C【解析】主旨理解题。在中国英语在各个领域使用，但出现了不规范的英语---中式英语。政府正花很多钱更换标志和餐厅菜单上更换所有不好的英语。来自美国的南希在日常生活中也看到很多不地道的英语，她认为应该改正。可知这篇文章的中心思想是地道英语的用法。故选C。
【点睛】
阅读理解是最能体现学生英语能力的题型，分值较高，如何通过解题方法的掌握来提升自己解答阅读理解题的技巧是学生最关心的问题。初中阅读理解一般考查学生的细节理解能力，主旨理解能力和推理判断能力。做阅读理解题，首先要准确理解题意，然后根据题意根据短文内容做出正确的答案。（1）考查细节理解能力，此类型题较简单，准确理解题意后，直接到文中找出答案。（2）考查猜词能力。做这种题型时，要根据上下文意思准确猜出词意。3）考查推理判断能力，此类题型较难，准确理解题意后，在文中找出相关的内容做出合理的推断。（4）考查主旨理解题。此类题型需通读全文，整体把握，根据文本主要内容选择合适的选项。
（五）【2019 • 福建省中考】
All over the world, thousands of animals are used for wildlife tourism. People travel to watch monkey shows, hug baby tigers and swim with dolphins. It might look like fun, but there are reports that animals are hurt now and again. The World Animal Protection (WAP) says that up to 550,000 wild animals are exposed(暴露) to ill treatment around the world; in Cambodia, for example, it’s been reported that elephants have died after carrying tourists for long in hot weather. This is getting attention — over 100 travel companies have promised that they will no longer open up such places. However, some people argue that animal tourism isn’t always as bad as it seems. So what do you think?

20. How many wild animals are facing bad treatment according to WAP?
A. More than 100. B. Hundreds. C. Thousands. D. About 550,000.
21. The underlined words ＂such places＂ refer to(指) the places for .
A. foreign travelers B. sick elephants C. wildlife protection D. animal tourism
22. What opinion do the two groups have in common?
A. Animals can live wherever they like. B. Wildlife should be protected.
C. Animal tourism supports poor people. D. Wildlife is well looked after.
23. ＂Group Yes＂ suggests that people should not disturb animals .
A. in Cambodia B. in travel companies
C. in real life D. in poor areas
24. What is the text mainly about?
A. Ways of protecting rare species. B. Different opinions on wildlife tourism.
C. How to bring tourists enjoyment. D. Whether to collect information on wildlife.
【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述野生动物旅游业给野生动物造成的影响以及针对是否要发展野生动物旅游业给出的两种观点。
20. D【解析】细节理解题。根据The World Animal Protection (WAP) says that up to 550,000 wild animals are exposed(暴露) to ill treatment around the world可知，根据WAP，超过550000的动物面对不好的对待，故选D。
21. D【解析】词义猜测题。根据This is getting attention — over 100 travel companies have promised that they will no longer open up such places可知，这引起了人们的关注——100多家旅游公司承诺将不再开设此类旅游场所。再根据However, some people argue that animal tourism isn’t always as bad as it seems可知，然而，一些人认为动物旅游并不总是像看起来的那么糟糕。所以such place指的是动物旅游业，所以选D。
22. B【解析】细节理解题。根据The way animals are treated is often cruel and causes much pain. Even if treated well, they can’t act in the same way as they would in the wild以及It is enjoyable and educational for people to communicate with the wonderful animals. The more people know about them, the more they want to protect them可知，动物们被对待的方式是残忍的并且造成巨大的疼痛，尽管他们被对待地很好，但是他们不能像在野外那样行动；对于人们来说，和动物交流是有趣的和有教育意义的，关于动物，人们知道地越多，他们就越想保护动物。所以两者都提到了保护野生动物，故选B。
23. C【解析】细节理解题。根据There’s no need to disturb them in real life可知，在现实生活中没有必要打扰他们，故选C。
24. B【解析】主旨大意题。根据全文可知，主要讲述如今动物旅游业很发达，以及针对野生旅游业发展的不同观点，故选 B。
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编

（一）【2019 • 江苏省苏州市】
Athletics vs. Gardening
The students of Southside School were asked to give their opinions about whether the school should run an athletic program or start a vegetable garden.
An athletic program is hatch better than gardening. How are we ever going to win anything at the Inter-School Athletics without proper training? At the moment, we only do athletics for one tam and the teachers train us. We need experts（专家）to teach us things like throwing and high jump.

I know lots of kids say they’re tot interested in competitions, but that’s because they’ve never won anything. If they got better training and started winning things, they’d soon change their minds.
People always say kids don’t get enough exercise. Just because you do gardening outdoors doesn’t make it exercise, so I don’t sec how it matters.
Athletics is much better for fitness and lots of kids can have a go at the same tine. I don’t think there would be enough jobs for everyone in a garden.
In fact, I think a garden is a really bad idea. I don’t know why we’re even considering it.
Liz, Grade 8
I think a vegetable garden is a great idea. We already do hours of sport, including athletics. And not everyone likes sport.
Gardening is a great way to get exercise without worrying about whether you’re any good at it, or whether you’re going to win. And you really do gel exercise when you garden. There’s digging, weeding and watering Even picking things can be hard work – pumpkins aren’t light you know!
There are lots of kids around here who don’t have gardens so they can’t grow things even they want to. If you really want to do more sport, you can join a club.
And think about it: What helps you to be good at sport? You need to eat lots of fruit and vegetables. If we learn to cook all the things we grow, the garden will keep us all fit and healthy and then we’ll be better at sport.
Sam, Grade 8
5. Which of these points do Liz and Sam both make?
A. Kids should take exercise. B. Kids should eat vegetables.
C. Kids should try to win more. D. Kids should be outside more.
6. What is one reason Liz gives for saying "a garden is a really bad idea"?
A. Some students don’t like getting dirty.
B. Some students don’t enjoy being outside.
C. Some students already know how to garden.
D. Some students may have no chance to garden.
7. Why does Sam say, "And think about it.: what helps you to be good at sport?"
A. To change the subject. B. To introduce his next reason.
C. To support Liz’s idea. D. To find an answer to the question.
【文章大意】本文以Liz和Sam为例，介绍了南城学校进行的应该开展体育项目还是开设菜园所展开的讨论，代表了两种对立的观点：Liz支持体育运动，Sam支持园艺；但是他们都认为应该让孩子们多锻炼身体。
5. A【解析】题意：这些观点中哪一个是莉兹和山姆都提出的?考查细节理解。根据（Liz）Athletics is much better for fitness和（Sam）Gardening is a great way to get exercise可知他们俩都认为应该锻炼身体，故选A。
6. D【解析】题意：莉兹说＂a garden is a really bad idea＂的原因是什么?考查细节判断。根据I don’t think there would be enough jobs for everyone in a garden. In fact, I think a garden is a really bad idea.可知花园里不会有足够的工作给每个人，Some students may have no chance to garden.（有些学生可能没有机会种植花卉）符合句意，故选D。
7. B【解析】题意：为什么萨姆说"And think about it.: what helps you to be good at sport?"考查细节判断。A.换个话题。B. 介绍他的下一个原因。C.支持利兹的想法。D.为了找到问题的答案。根据下文If we learn to cook all the things we grow, the garden will keep us all fit and healthy and then we’ll be better at sport.可知这是山姆支持园艺的另一个理由，故选B。
（二）【2019 • 江苏省苏州市】
If you go shopping in any toy store, you can see clearly the different games and toys for boys and girls: there are a lot of pink toys on one side of the store for girls; and dark-colored cars, guns, and soldiers for boys. Some big stores with toys may even have a pink floor for girls and a blue floor for boys. In fact, it is difficult to buy a toy for a girl that is not pink.
Some people think that too much pink is bad for girls. Sue Palmer, writer of Toxic Childhood, is very worried that most girls over the age of three are crazy about the color. According to some scientists, this happens for two reasons. Firstly, most companies offer too many products in pink. Also, many parents think their little daughter looks cute in pink. Sue Palmer says that girls at this age cannot make proper decisions by themselves, but the pink can affect (影响) the choices and the decisions they will make in the future.
Some parents are worried too-for example, Vanessa Holburn, thirty-two, who has two girls under the age of four. Their bedrooms are a sea of pink and Vanessa is not happy. ＂Pink says that you are soft and gentle. Blue says that you are strong and powerful. I want my daughters to be strong and powerful. I’m worried that pink will not help them with that,＂ she says.
But not everyone thinks there’s something wrong with pink. Grayson Turner is a father of three girls and he isn’t worried at all. ＂People forget that things change all the time,＂ he says. ＂My girls used to love pink when they were little, but as they get older, they change.＂ Turner explains that his twelve-year-old daughter never wears pink clothes anymore. ＂This love of pink is just a fashion and all fashions change,＂ he adds. ＂It’s only since the 1940s that people have stated dressing girls in pink-before that it was a color for boys.＂
12. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
A. B. C. D.
13. The underlined word ＂that＂ in Paragraph 3 means __________.
A. being soft and gentle B. being strong and powerful
C. being gentle but powerful D. being cute and beautiful
14. According to Grayson Turner, __________.
A. parents needn’t worry about pink toys B. all little kids love the color pink
C. pink has always been a color for girls D. his girls now prefer the color blue
15. The purpose of this passage is to __________.
A. explain why girls are crazy about the color pink
B. make parents less worried about the color pink
C. encourage girls to give up playing with pink toys
D. show people’s different opinions about the color pink
【文章大意】在给孩子买玩具或者衣服的时候，我们会发现很多女孩的玩具或衣服都是粉色的，而男孩的是蓝色的。但现在一些人担心太多的粉色对女孩是不好的，对于这个问题不同的家长有不同的看法。
12. B【解析】主旨大意题。这个题目考查文章结构，根据文意可知，短文第一段提出了问题，第二段和第三段分别介绍了担心粉色对女孩不好的一些人和一些家长的看法；第四段则提出了反面的观点，即觉得粉色没有什么不好的这样的家长的看法。由此可知B选项符合文章的逻辑，故选B。
13. B【解析】细节理解题。that是一个代词，代指上文提到的事情，根据它所在的语境＂Pink says that you are soft ad gentle. Blue says that you are strong and powerful. I want my daughters to be strong and powerful. I’m worried that pink will not help them with that,＂ she says.可知，Vanessa想让自己的女儿强壮、有力，但她担心粉色不能帮助女儿们那样。因此that代指的是上句话中提到的strong and powerful，故应选B。
14. A【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第四段But not everyone thinks there’s something wrong with pink. Grayson Turner is a father of three girls and he isn’t worried at all.可知，Turner不觉得粉色有什么不好的，他觉得家长们不必为此担心。故应选A。
15. D【解析】主旨大意题。根据短文第二段第一句话Some people think that too much pink is bad for girls.、第三段第一句话Some parents are worried too以及第四段第一句话But not everyone thinks there’s something wrong with pink.可知，这篇短文介绍了人们对粉色对孩子的影响的不同看法。因此应选D。
（三）【2019 • 湖北省孝感市】
Last night, a school night, my 11-year-old son’s baseball team played a game that lasted until 9:30. By the time we got home and he had a quick dinner and shower, it was 10:30-an hour and a half later than a child who gets up at 6:30 should be going to bed. We love baseball. My son is having fun, getting exercise, and learning patience, teamwork and sports spirit. But the truth is that the game also influences his sleep.
As parents, we want good things for our children. We want them to be healthy both in body and in mind. To this end, we look for ways to help our kids grow and develop. We help them with their homework. We sign them up for dance, soccer and baseball. We encourage our kids to take honors courses（培优课程）or to have after-school jobs. And we praise them for hard-earned success and achievements.
However, the irony is that all of these activities and responsibilities that we are giving our children to make their lives colorful could be badly influencing their health and taking happiness away. Activities, responsibilities, and goals are good. But if we want our kids to realize their full physical, learning and social ability, sleep is important. We have to start taking sleep seriously.
Parents make bedtime routines and carry out（执行）strict rules about nighttime. But in fact, these measures（措施）aren’t enough because getting our kids, enough sleep isn’t just about carrying out stricter bedtime. It actually requires more than that. In order to ensure our kids get the sleep they need, bout parents and schools should make an effort.
16. From the passage we know the writer’s son ________.
A. isn’t good at sports B. wastes time every night
C. can’t get enough sleep D. always hangs out with friends
17. What does the underlined word "irony" mean in Chinese?
A. 光荣 B. 骄傲 C. 讽刺 D. 公正
18. What does the writer think of taking honors courses at last?
A. Boring. B. Unnecessary. C. Interesting. D. Enjoyable.
19. How can we make sure kids get enough sleep according to the write?
A. By making the children’s lives colorful.
B. By refusing all the after-school activities.
C. By carrying out strict rules about bedtime.
D. By making an effort from parents and schools.
20. What would the writer probably talk about in the following paragraph?
A. Advice on how to sleep well. B. Ways of changing kids’ education.
C. The importance of sleeping well. D. Measures parents and schools should take.
【文章大意】短文关注的是学生睡眠不足的问题，指出鼓励孩子参加培优课程或参加课外活动会严重影响孩子的睡眠健康，呼吁父母和学校应该做出努力确保孩子们得到他们需要的睡眠。
16. C【解析】题意：从文章中我们知道作者的儿子睡眠不足。考查细节理解。根据it was 10:30-an hour and a half later than a child who gets up at 6:30 should be going to bed.和But the truth is that the game also influences his sleep.可知作者的儿子睡眠不足，He can’t get enough sleep.符合句意，故选C。
17. C【解析】题意：带下划线的单词＂irony＂在汉语中是什么意思?考查词义理解。根据下文all of these activities and responsibilities that we are giving our children to make their lives colorful could be badly influencing their health and taking happiness away.可知我们的善意可能会带来坏的结果，这是很讽刺的，故选C。
18. B【解析】题意：最后，作者对参加培优课程有什么看法?考查观点态度题。A. 无聊的；B. 不必要的；C.有趣的；D. 愉快的。根据Activities, responsibilities, and goals are good. But if we want our kids to realize their full physical, learning and social ability, sleep is important.可知培优课程对于孩子们而言不是必要的，故选B。
19. D【解析】题意：我们如何确保孩子们有足够的睡眠?考查细节理解。根据In order to ensure our kids get the sleep they need, bout parents and schools should make an effort.可知需要父母和学校做出努力，By making an effort from parents and schools.符合文意，故选D。
20. D【解析】题意：在接下来的段落中，作者可能会谈论什么?考查推理判断。A. 关于如何睡好觉的建议。B. 改变孩子们的教育方法。C. 睡好觉的重要性。D. 父母和学校应该采取的措施。根据In order to ensure our kids get the sleep they need, bout parents and schools should make an effort.可知接下来会谈论父母和学校如何做才能确保孩子们有足够的睡眠，Measures parents and schools should take符合文意，故选D。
（四）【2019 • 贵州省安顺市】
For many years, sales of garlic in California had been little because of the much cheaper garlic from China. This year, however, California garlic sales are rising because American government increases tariffs（关税）on Chinese products.
Christopher, a garlic grower in California, is manager of his company and he said, "In a perfect world, we would love to see the tariffs on China."
Tariffs on Chinese garlic rose from 10% to 25% on May 9,2019,and the reason is that U.S President Donald Trump increased tariffs on Chinese products worth of $200 billion. Since then, Chinese buyers have almost stopped buying soybeans from the United States and American soybean farmers are now getting worried.
Not everyone likes the garlic tariffs in the U.S. Last July Christopher expressed his support on Trump’s policy（政策）. However, officials from McCormick and Company Inc. didn’t agree with the policy. McCormick’s CEO, Lawrence told Reuters（路透社）that without Chinese garlic America can’t go. Actually ,the trade war（贸易战）between China and America is a sign of American hegemony（霸权）,and it will destroy American economy and U.S government will lose its trust from other countries in the world.
21. From the passage we infer（推理）that ___________.
A. America is buying garlic from China as much as before
B. American soybean farmers make money as much as before
C. China is still buying crops from America as much as before
D. Garlic growers in California are making more money than before
22. Why is less Chinese garlic bought by America this year?
A. Because enough garlic is grown in California.
B. Because American government has increased tax（税收）on Chinese garlic.
C. Because China is not buying soybeans from America.
D. Because companies support American government.
23. What does the underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refer to?
A. China B. the trade C. American hegemony D. a sign
24. How much tariff did American government increase on Chinese garlic On May 9,2019?
A. 15％ B. 25％ C. 10％ D. 35％
25. According to the passage, who disagrees with the America policy of having tariffs on Chinese products?
A. Christopher B. Donald Trump
C. California garlic growers D. Lawrence
【文章大意】本文通过大蒜谈论中美贸易战。
21. D【解析】推理判断题。根据第1段For many years, sales of garlic in California had been little because of the much cheaper garlic from China. This year, however, California garlic sales are rising because American government increases tariffs（关税）on Chinese products.（多年来，由于中国的大蒜价格便宜得多，加州的大蒜销量一直很低。然而，今年，加州大蒜的销量正在上升，因为美国政府提高了对中国产品的关税。）可以推断出加州的大蒜种植者比以前赚了更多的钱；故选D。
22. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第3段第1句Tariffs on Chinese garlic rose from 10% to 25% on May 9,2019,（2019年5月9日，中国大蒜的关税从10%上升到25%）可知今年美国购买的中国大蒜比较少是因为美国政府增加了对中国大蒜的税收；故选B。
23. C【解析】细节理解题。此句Actually ,the trade war（贸易战）between China and America is a sign of American hegemony（霸权）,and it will destroy American economy and U.S government will lose its trust from other countries in the world.句意是：事实上，中美贸易战是美国霸权的标志，它将摧毁美国经济，美国政府将失去世界各国的信任。根据句意可知it指代＂美国霸权＂；故选C。
24. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第3段第1句Tariffs on Chinese garlic rose from 10% to 25% on May 9,2019,（2019年5月9日，中国大蒜的关税从10%上升到25%）可知2019年5月9日，美国政府对中国大蒜增加了15%关税；故选A。
25. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第4段第3句McCormick’s CEO, Lawrence told Reuters（路透社）that without Chinese garlic America can’t go.（麦考密克的首席执行官劳伦斯告诉路透社，没有中国大蒜，美国就不行。）可知，Lawrence（劳伦斯）不同意美国对中国产品征收关税的政策；故选D。
（五）【2019 • 湖北省荆门市】
What does it take to graduate from university? Some papers or high scores in exams? Well, these are not enough if you are a student at Tsinghua University.
According to a new rule of the university, students must prove (证明) themselves in the swimming pool. They need to pass a swimming test of at least 50 meters, and those who fail the test will be required to take a swimming course throughout their school years. By the time they graduate, they will have known how to swim; otherwise they can’t graduate with their bachelor’s degrees(学士学位).
The news made waves in Chinese social media (媒体). Some people praised the university for requiring a necessary skill that can save lives, and they also believed that the rule would help improve students’ health. However, others questioned if it was fair to expect those who come from inland cities (内陆城市) to be able to swim.
In fact, this is not a new rule. Tsinghua University first made swimming a requirement in 1919 but later gave it up because the number of students became too large and there were not enough swimming pools in the school for them to learn swimming.
Anyway, it is still good news that Chinese students’ health has become more and more valued. Why not just take this chance to learn one more life-saving ability?
26. According to the passage, what does it take for a student to graduate from Tsinghua university?
A. Some papers. B. High scores in exams.
C. Passing a swimming test. D. All of the above.
27. The underlined phrase ＂made waves＂ in Paragraph 3 most probably means _________.
A. caused a heated discussion B. spread widely
C. made a requirement D. proved the rule
28. Why did Tsinghua University once give up the rule?
① Because many students failed the swimming test.
② Because some people disagreed with the rule.
③ Because there were too many students.
④ Because there were not enough swimming pools.
A. ①② B. ②③ C. ③④ D. ①④
29. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Different people hold different opinions about a new rule.
B. Tsinghua University has made a new rule of graduation.
C. Chinese students’ health should be more and more valued.
D. There is a new chance to learn another life-saving ability.
【文章大意】本文是新闻类阅读，介绍了清华大学的一项新规定，清华学生需通过50米游泳测试才能毕业，这一消息一经立即在社会上引发强烈关注。
26. D【解析】题意：根据这篇文章，一个学生从清华大学毕业需要什么条件?考查细节理解。根据第一段和第二段They need to pass a swimming test of at least 50 meters, and those who fail the test will be required to take a swimming course throughout their school years.可知，除了毕业论文和考高分外，清华学生必须通过至少50米的游泳测试才能毕业，ABC三项都是必须条件，故选D。
27. A【解析】题意：第3段中的划线短语＂make waves＂很可能意味着_________。考查词义理解。划线短语make waves本意是＂兴风作浪＂，根据段中赞成和质疑两种态度的对比，可知这一消息在社会上引起了激烈的讨论，caused a heated discussion符合段意，故选A。
28. C【解析】题意：为什么清华大学曾经放弃这一规则?①因为许多学生没有游泳测试。②因为一些人不同意这个规则。③因为有太多的学生。④因为没有足够的游泳池。考查细节判断。根据Tsinghua University first made swimming a requirement in 1919 but later gave it up because the number of students became too large and there were not enough swimming pools in the school for them to learn swimming.可知，后来由于学生人数过多，学校里没有足够的游泳池供他们学习游泳，清华大学放弃了这一规则，③④两点符合文意，故选C。
29. B【解析】题意：这篇文章主要讲的是什么?考查文意理解。根据短文，可知本文报道的是清华学生需通过50米游泳测试才能毕业这一消息在社会上引发的强烈关注，Tsinghua University has made a new rule of graduation.符合文意，故选B。
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编

（一）【2019 • 重庆市中考A卷】
Fights at school sometimes happen. But how can you keep away from a fight? Here’s something you can do.
Be calm(冷静). Sometimes, you feel so angry that you really want to teach somebody a lesson. But being angry can’t solve problems. Neither can a fight. Instead, it may bring you more problems. In the school, everyone involved(卷入) in a fight will be punished, no matter who started it. There are winners in a fight.
Shout loudly. If you know someone is coming up behind you to attack, turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say ＂stop＂ before walking away. Loud voice can usually make the attacker calm down. If the person doesn’t stop, cry for help by calling out the name of a teacher whose office is nearby.
____ Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to say no. Helping him fight is not really helpful to him. If you really want to give him a hand, try to ask him to give it up. Also, you can tell him if he gets involved in a fight, he may get hurt and be punished. Then, try to learn why he wants a fight and help him find a right way to deal with the problem.
1. The underlined word ＂attack＂ in Paragraph 3 means ＂_________＂ in Chinese.
A. 拥抱 B. 攻击 C. 阻止 D. 吸引
2. Which of the following sentences can be put in the _________?
A. Face bravely. B. Join in a fight.
C. Learn to refuse. D. Talk to someone.
3. The passage is written to _________.
A. help students keep away from fights B. warn students not to fight
C. advise students to help each other D. encourage students to work hard
4. The passage is written in a/an _________ tone(语气).
A. sad B. angry C. serious D. crazy
【文章大意】本文介绍了学校里有时会发生打架。但你怎么能不打架呢？本文提供了几个方法。首先要冷静。其次，当有人在身后攻击你时，要大声喊。最后当别人喊你参与打架时，你要学会拒绝并劝说不要打架。
1. B【解析】词义猜测题。根据句子Loud voice can usually make the attacker calm down. 大的声音通常能使攻击者平静下来。attacker是名词＂攻击者＂的意思。去掉-er就是动词＂攻击＂。句子If you know someone is coming up behind you to attack, turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say ＂stop＂ before walking away. 中的attack是动词；该句的语境是：如果你知道有人在你身后攻击你，那么在你离开之前，把手举到你身体前面，朝着那个人大声说＂停＂。因此单词attack，是＂攻击＂的意思。故选B。
2. C【解析】细节理解题。A. Face bravely. 勇敢地面对。B. Join in a fight. 参加打架。C. Learn to refuse. 学着拒绝。D. Talk to someone. 和某人交谈。根据Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to say no. Helping him fight is not really helpful to him. 你的朋友可能会要求你参加一场打架。你要学会说＂不＂。帮助他打架可能对他没有真正的帮助。可知本段是介绍了要学会拒绝打架。故选C。
3. A【解析】主旨大意题。根据Fights at school sometimes happen. But how can you keep away from a fight? Here’s something you can do. 学校里有时会发生打架。但你怎么能不打架呢？这是你能做的。可知，本文主要介绍了如何帮助学生远离打架。故选A。
4. C【解析】推理判断题。A. sad悲哀的；B. angry生气的；C. serious严肃的；D. crazy疯狂的。根据Be calm(冷静). 、Shout loudly.和Learn to refuse.可知，本文介绍了如何在学校里避免打架。因此语气应该是严肃的。故选C。
【点睛】
词义猜测题是阅读理解中常见的一种题型，所猜测词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：(1)利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。 (2)利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易 (3)利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。这些逻辑关系往往通过一些相应的词或短语表达出来，如but, or, however, so, because等。(4)利用构词法知识答题。熟记一些前缀、后缀所表达的意思，不仅可以扩大词汇量，而且帮助我们猜测词义。第1小题的词义猜测题就是利用第1种解题方法。




（二）【2019 • 浙江省金华、义乌、丽水市】

In the park, you see a group of people, all looking up at the sky. Without thinking about it, you look upwards, too. Why? In the concert, someone begins to clap and suddenly the whole room joins in. You do, too. Why?
Sometimes we feel we are acting correctly when we do the same as others. The more people follow an idea, the better or truer we think the idea is. It’s the social proof(社会认同感) that works.
The scientist Asch carried out an experiment. It shows how social proof can influence us. In a room, a man is shown Line 1, and next to it are three lines(A, B, C). A is longer, C is shorter and B is as long as Line 1. He must tell which of the three lines is as long as Line 1. When the man is alone, he gives the correct answer B. Then, five other man enter the room, and each of them gives the answer C as they were told to. Now the man changes his idea and gives the answer C. Asch got the same result many times among different subjects(实验对象).
Why do we act like this? Well, in the past, following others was a way to keep away from danger. Suppose that 5000 years ago you were hunting(打猎) with friends. Suddenly, they all ran away. What would you have done? Would you have stayed? No, you would have run, too. We are descendants(后代) of those who copied others’ action. It is so deeply planted in our mind that we still use it now.
Social proof has special power. The advertising industry, for example, often makes use of it. So be careful whenever a company says its product is ＂the most popular＂.
5. At the beginning of the passage, the writer leads in the topic by _________.
A. telling a story B. giving examples
C. answering questions D. showing a map
6. According to Paragraph 3, the experiment by Asch shows _________.
A. following others is always right
B. social proof may change people’s ideas
C. it’s difficult to carry out the experiment
D. people can study better if they are alone
7. The underlined word ＂It＂ in Paragraph 4 refers to _________.
A. running with others B. hunting with friends
C. copying others’ action D. doing something different
8. According to the passage, we can infer(推断) that _________.
A. it’s important to run with others anytime
B. products in the advertisement are the best
C. we mustn’t copy others’ action to keep safe
D. we need to think twice before following others
【文章大意】本文主要通过一些社会现象以及科学家做的实验，告诉大家不要盲目随波逐流。
5. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段可知，分别讲了在公园和在音乐会上的两种现象——别人抬头看天空你也会不自觉地看天空，别人在音乐会上鼓掌，不一会儿整个屋子的人都会跟着鼓掌。通过这两个例子引出本文主题，故答案选B。
6. B【解析】细节理解题。根据文中第3段中的信息It shows how social proof can influence us. 它说明了社会认同感是如何影响我们的；故答案选B。
7. C【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文We are descendants(后代) of those who copied others’ action. 我们是那些复制他人行为的人的后代。结合本句It is so deeply planted in our mind它深深的植入了我们的思想中，＂它＂指的就是复制其他人的行为这件事；故答案选C。
8. D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章我们可以推断，在追随其他人之前，我们需要再三考虑. 恰巧这也是整篇文章的主旨，不要盲目随波逐流。故答案选D。
（三）【2019 • 浙江省衢州市】

Texting while driving is against the law in 47 states. But what about texting while walking? A 2018 study reported that more than 2, 500 people in the US ended up in hospitals resulting from using a mobile device(设备) while walking.
Hawaii passed a law making it illegal(违法的) to text or look down at a mobile device while crossing the street. It is the first state with a law like this. Do people think more places should accept such a law? The LA Times did a survey. Here are some replies they received.
Rena Jose, 2, New York
Which is more important, texting or safety? If you are looking at your phone while walking, you might not see a car come or traffic lights turn red. It can be very dangerous. For example, in Japan, one person fell into a lake and another got her leg stuck in a hole, because both had their mind on their phone. We should make texting while crossing the street illegal in more cities.
Andy Selvam, 55, California
People do many things that cause injury to themselves but are not illegal, such as climbing mountains, driving cars, swimming and so on. People might get hurt from texting and walking if they’re not paying attention. But I still think they should have a choice.
Bob Madigan, 45, Oregon
As humans, we can make our own decisions. I’m not saying it’s safe, but we don’t need the government to babysit us. If we want to learn to make smart decisions, the government needs to stop telling us what to do. After all, this is a free country.
Andrew Black, 34, Alaska
This law is a good idea—compare this protection with seat belts. If this law is passed all over US, people will be worried. But is there really a way to please everyone? This would not be for fun. It would be safe and good for all Americans.
9. According to the passage, in _________, it is against the law if people text while crossing the street.
A. Alaska B. California C. Hawaii D. New York
10. The LA Times did the survey most probably to _________.
A. win the hearts of more readers
B. encourage more states to pass the law
C. ask readers if they agree with texting while driving
D. learn about people’s opinions on texting while walking
11. In Rena’s reply, she showed the danger of texting while walking by _________.
A. using numbers B. giving examples
C. asking questions D. telling stories
12. Which of the following is Andrew Black’s opinion?
A. Texting is more important than safety.
B. The law would help to keep Americans safe.
C. It’s easy to please everyone when passing a law.
D. Whether to text or not while walking is people’s own choice.
【文章大意】本文主要谈论过马路发短信的问题。在美国47个州，开车时发短信是违法的。一项2018年的研究报告称，美国有2500多人因走路使用了手机最终住进了医院。夏威夷通过了一项法律，规定过街时发短信或看手机是违法的。洛杉矶时报就此事做了一项调查。
9. C【解析】题意：在_______，人们在过街时发短信是违法的。考查细节理解。根据第2段第2句Hawaii passed a law making it illegal(违法的) to text or look down at a mobile device while crossing the street.（夏威夷通过了一项法律，规定过街时发短信或看手机是违法的。）可知在夏威夷，人们在过街时发短信是违法的。故选C。
10. D【解析】题意：洛杉矶时报做这项调查很可能是为了________。考查细节理解。根据第2段第3和4句Do people think more places should accept such a law? The LA Times did a survey.（人们认为更多的地方应该接受这样的法律吗？洛杉矶时报做了一项调查。）可知＂洛杉矶时报做这项调查很可能是为了了解人们对走路时发短信的看法＂；故选D。
11. B【解析】题意：在Rena的回复中，她通过_______说明了走路时发短信的危险。考查细节理解。根据表格一第4句For example, in Japan, one person fell into a lake and another got her leg stuck in a hole可知在Rena的回复中，她通过举例说明了走路时发短信的危险。故选B。
12. B【解析】题意：以下哪项是安德鲁·布莱克的观点？考查细节理解。根据表格4第5句It would be safe and good for all Americans.（这对所有美国人都是安全和有益的。）可知安德鲁·布莱克认为这项法律将有助于保护美国人的安全。故选B。
（四）【2019 • 安徽省中考】
Have you tried to run or walk for exercise and then given up? If you answered yes, you should try a new kind of exercise: aquatic (水中的) exercise. Aquatic exercise is like exercise on land, but you do it in a swimming pool. More and more people are trying aquatic exercise.
Aquatic exercise feels easier than exercising on land. Why? You weigh about 90% less in the pool. It is better for your knees than running or walking. Water is about 1, 000 times thicker and heavier than air. To move through the water, your body has to work four times as hard. As a result, you can burn more calories (卡路里).
In fact, most people say they feel more relaxed in the water. They stop thinking about the things that make them worried. They feel in control of their bodies. The cool, quiet environment makes them feel good.
But what if you are afraid of the water? No problem! There is nothing to worry about. Aquatic exercise is safe and easy to learn. It doesn’t require any special skills. You don’t even need to know how to swim. Aquatic exercise is for everyone.
13. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. Difference between air and water. B. Weight change of one’s body.
C. The advantages of aquatic exercise. D. The ways to do aquatic exercise.
14. What do most people think of aquatic exercise?
A. Relaxing. B. Worrying. C. Challenging. D. Boring.
15. According to the text, aquatic exercise is _________.
A. done in groups B. fit for everyone
C. difficult to learn D. done with special skills
16. In which part of a magazine can we read the text?
A. Culture. B. Health. C. Nature. D. Travel.
【文章大意】跑步或走路来锻炼身体总是很容易半途而废，那么就来尝试一下水中运动吧，它就像陆地上的锻炼一样，只不过是在游泳池里。这种锻炼可以燃烧更多的卡路里，且不会伤害你的膝盖，还能让人们感觉很放松，因此受到了越来越多人的欢迎。
13. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的文意可知，这一段介绍了水中运动比陆地运动更容易的原因，它不伤害你的膝盖，且能燃烧更多的卡路里。总而言之，这一段介绍的是水中运动的优点，故C选项符合文意。
14. A【解析】细节理解题。大多数人认为水中运动怎么样？A. Relaxing令人放松的。B.是＂令人担心的＂；C.是＂有挑战性的＂；D.是＂无聊的＂。根据短文第三段中In fact, most people say they feel more relaxed in the water…. The cool, quiet environment makes them feel good.可知，大多数人都觉得在水里很放松，感觉很好。由此可知应选A。
15. B【解析】细节理解题。根据短文最后一段Aquatic exercise is safe and easy to learn. It doesn’t require any special skills. You don’t even need to know how to swim. Aquatic exercise is for everyone可知，水中运动非常安全、学起来也很容易，不需要什么特殊的技能，它适合每个人。由此可知应选B。
16. B【解析】推理判断题。我们在杂志那个板块可以读到以上内容？A.是＂文化＂；C.是＂自然＂；D.是＂旅行＂。根据短文第一段If you answered yes, you should try a new kind of exercise: aquatic (水中的) exercise. Aquatic exercise is like exercise on land, but you do it in a swimming pool. More and more people are trying aquatic exercise可知，短文介绍的是一种越来越受人们欢迎的新运动—水中运动，这样的内容应该在杂志上的健康版块，故应先B。
（五）【2019 • 山东省潍坊市】

A recent study from a team of South Korean researchers suggests that eating alone often may lead to poor eating habits and poor food choices .Specifically ,the study found that men who ate alone more than twice a week had a greater risk of developing high blood pressure ,high cholesterol and diabetes.
For children, eating with their families is not only about preventing bad outcomes(结果) —it is also about developing good ones.
In 2014, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD) looked at data from nearly three-quarters of the world’s countries .Among its findings was the fact that students who shared a main meal with their families were less likely to skip school .Children who eat a main meal with their families are also less likely to abuse drugs and alcohol(吸毒酗酒).
In the report, titled ＂The Importance of Family Dinners (VIII) ＂, researchers say that ＂teens who have frequent family dinners are more likely to say their parents know a lot about what’s going on in their lives ＂. They also claim that when teens say they feel closer to their parents, they are less likely to use drugs and alcohol.
Another study from the University of Montreal found that children who ate with their families experience long –term physical and mental health benefits(好处) .These children were physically in better shape and drank fewer sugary soft drinks .These children also seemed to have better social skills and they were less aggressive(好斗的).
Professor Linda Pagani says that mealtimes shared with parents ＂likely provide young children with first-hand social interactions ,discussions of social issues(事件) and day-to-day concerns ＂. She adds that they may likely help the child have better communication skills with others.
17. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Benefits of eating together B. Advantages of eating alone
C. Ways of developing social skills D. Risks of using drugs and alcohol
18. Children eating with their families are more likely to _________.
A. drink more sugary soft drinks
B. do well in their studies at school
C. be more socially active and aggressive
D. have a closer relationship with their parents
19. Why is Professor Pagani mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. To introduce her B. To add a new point
C. To explain further D. To provide background information
20. From which is the text probably taken?
A. A travel guide B. A biology textbook
C. A cooking instruction D. A science magazine
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，多项研究结果说明家人一起吃饭的重要性，民以食为天，吃饭是一个让我们停下手中的事情来享受生活的机会。
17. A【解析】主旨大意题。根据.Among its findings was the fact that students who shared a main meal with their families were less likely to skip school .Children who eat a main meal with their families are also less likely to abuse drugs and alcohol(吸毒酗酒).和Another study from the University of Montreal found that children who ate with their families experience long –term physical and mental health benefits(好处)可知文章主要讲一起吃饭的好处；故选A。
18. D【解析】细节理解题。根据. They also claim that when teens say they feel closer to their parents ,可知是和父母有更亲近的关系；故选D。
19. C【解析】细节理解题。根据Professor Linda Pagani says that mealtimes shared with parents ＂likely provide young children with first-hand social interactions ,discussions of social issues(事件) and day-to-day concerns ＂ .She adds that they may likely help the child have better communication skills with others .可知是为了更深一层的解释孩子和父母一起吃饭的重要性；故选C。
20. D【解析】细节理解题。根据A recent study from a team of South Korean researchers suggests that eating alone often may lead to poor eating habits and poor food choices .Specifically ,the study found that men who ate alone more than twice a week had a greater risk of developing high blood pressure ,high cholesterol and diabetes .和后文的一些调查，可推测文章内容可能是一篇来自科学杂志的文章；A travel guide一本旅游指南， A biology textbook一本生物课本，A cooking instruction一本烹饪说明，A science magazine一个科学杂志；故选D。

（六）【2019 • 江苏省南京市】
SPEAK YOUR MIND
Mike Isaac and I are reporters of Student Daily. For the topics of our newspaper next month visited Sunshine Elementary School on May 10. We interviewed some students and here is what they said.
JOSLYN FARCE, 9
I believe that we should recycle more paper, because we’re cutting down too many trees. The more trees that are cut down, the more oxygen we lose. The companies responsible should plant more trees.
JAYDEN MITCHELL, 9
Running is the best exercise, because you’re moving your whole body. It helps your heart and your lungs. Not everyone is healthy, so we should have more exercise.
ANDREW BARHAS,9
I think everyone should use a calm voice. When people are loud, it causes them to be mad at one another. Sometimes it even makes people quarrel with each other. When people speak calmly to one another, they feel happy.
JOSEPH TRUONG, 10
People should stop hunting tigers for their fur, for fun and for medicine. Imagine if you were a tiger free in the wild, and the... BOOM, you are shot (枪杀) for your fur. How would you feel?
21. What did Mike Isaac and the writer visit Sunshine Elementary School for?
A. For environment protection. B. For wildlife protection.
C. For good manners in school. D. For topics of the newspaper.
22. What may cause people to be mad at one another in Andrew Vargas’s opinion?
A. Losing more oxygen. B. Speaking in a loud voice.
C. Cutting down more trees. D. Hunting tigers for medicine.
23. Who talked about health?
A. Joslyn Frace. B. Jayden Mitchell. C. Andrew Vargas. D. Joseph Truong.
【文章大意】作者是校报的记者，为了下个月报纸主题，他们参观了Sunshine Elementary School，他们采访了几个学生，JOSLYN FARCE说我们应该回收更多的纸，太多的树被砍伐，树砍的越多，氧气越少，我们应该种更多的树；JAYDEN MITCHELL说跑步是最好的运动，它能帮助我们的心脏和肺；ANDREW BARHAS说我们应该用一个平静的声音说话，大声说话容易让人生气；JOSEPH TRUONG说人们不应该猎杀老虎，如果你是一只老虎，被猎杀了，你感觉怎样？
21. D【解析】细节理解题。根据Mike Isaac and I are reporters of Student Daily. For the topics of our newspaper next month visited Sunshine Elementary School on May 10. We interviewed some students可知是为了下个月报纸主题；故选D。
22. B【解析】细节理解题。根据When people are loud, it causes them to be mad at one another.可知是大声说话；故选B。
23. B【解析】细节理解题。根据JAYDEN MITCHELL, 9Running is the best exercise, because you’re moving your whole body. It helps your heart and your lungs. Not everyone is healthy, so we should have more exercise可知Jayden Mitchell谈论了健康；故选B。
（七）【2019 • 江西省中考】
Playing video games and getting money for it seems like a dream job for many of today’s teenagers. But is it all fun and games?
Big business
Pro (professional) gaming is certainly big business. In 2017, there were more than 3,000 gaming competitions and over 10,000 professional players worldwide. A large number of people watch their competitions online, and successful gamers can get more than 1,000,000 dollars from prize money and ads. The industry is clearly thriving.
What it takes
Becoming a professional is not just about being good at playing games- it also takes a lot of hard work. Some pro gamers practice for fourteen hours a day. "You need to spend much time and put all your efforts to it", says ex-gamer George
Not all fun and games
It can be a difficult job as well. Stress is a big problem for gamers. Tiredness is another, and injuries(受伤) are common. Top player Hai Lam had wrist(手腕) problems after years of pro gaming. Careers(生涯)are short, and many gamers retire (退休) before they are 30 and try to find another job.
However, the bad points probably won’t change the dreams of many teenage gamers. And angry parents are still likely to hear the excuse, ＂But I’m just practicing for my future job!＂
24. How many professional players were there around the world in 2017?
A. 130.000. B. More than 3, 000. C. Over1,000.000. D. More than 10.000
25. What does the underlined word "thriving" in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Getting worse. B. Doing well. C. Developing slowly. D. Changing quickly.
26. What can we infer from the last sentence of the passage?
A. Children are angry with their parents
B. Teenagers practice games for their future jobs
C. Some teenagers are crazy about playing games
D. Parents stop their children playing games successfully.
27. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Pro gaming isn’t all fun and games
B. The career as a pro gamer doesn’t last long
C. Being a pro gamer is a good choice for teenagers.
D. Being a pro gamer is an easy way to make money.
【文章大意】玩电脑游戏挣钱对今天的青少年来说好像是一个梦想中的工作，都是乐趣和游戏吗？真正的专业游戏人员需要花费大量的时间来练习，需要投入全部的精力，压力对他们来说是一个大问题，受伤很普通，顶尖玩家Hai Lam就有手腕问题，许多玩家30前就退休，但是这些不好的情况不能改变青少年游戏者的梦想。
24. D【解析】细节理解题。根据In 2017, there were more than 3,000 gaming competitions and over 10,000 professional players worldwide.可知超过10,000个专业玩家；故选D。
25. B【解析】词义猜测题。根据A large number of people watch their competitions online, and successful gamers can get more than 1,000,000 dollars from prize money and ads. 可知这种产业做得很好；故选B。
26. C【解析】细节理解题。根据However, the bad points probably won’t change the dreams of many teenage gamers. And angry parents are still likely to hear the excuse, ＂But I’m just practicing for my future job!＂可知虽然有一些不好的情况，但是也不能改变青少年游戏者的梦想，可知一些青少年对玩游戏很着迷；故选C。
27. A【解析】主旨大意题。根据玩电脑游戏挣钱对今天的青少年来说好像是一个梦想中的工作，都是乐趣和游戏吗？真正的专业游戏人员需要花费大量的时间来练习，需要投入全部的精力，压力对他们来说是一个大问题，受伤很普通，顶尖玩家Hai Lam就有手腕问题，许多玩家30前就退休，但是这些不好的情况不能改变青少年游戏者的梦想。可知文章主要讲专业游戏不总是乐趣和游戏；故选A。
（八）【2019 • 天津市中考】
There are many ways to help improve your health like eating healthy food. Taking exercise and getting medical help. But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. The general sleeping rule is that the younger you are, the longer sleep you need. But regardless of(不管)age, some people need to sleep more while for some a few hours is enough.
The problem with sleep is that more and more people in the world are not sleeping enough. According to the World Health Organization over half the people in the world may be sleep-deprived. Having less sleep not only makes people feel tired but also causes accidents. In the United States alone, sleepy drivers cause at least 100,000 traffic accidents a year. Also sleep problems can cause medical problems such as high blood pressure(血压).
Why are so many people sleep-deprived? Part of the reasons may be cultural. In the American culture, people put a higher value on work than on sleep. In fact, peopele who sleep a lot are usuallv seen as ＂lazy＂. Also, you can sometimes hear some people say proudly that they don’t have much time to sleep. they only sleep four or five hours a night. It seems that the less you sleep, the more work you’ll do.
How do we teach these people to learn the value of sleep? Perhaps they may listen to the advice of Dr. James Maas an expert (专家) in sleep. He says , ＂Sleep is like a credit (信用卡) card. When you sleep less. you are only borrowing time. You always have to pay it back. The morehours you don’t sleep, the more hours you should t sleep to ‘pay back’ the hours on your ‘sleepcredit card.’＂
For those who value work more than sleep, they should listen to what a famous person once said. ＂Don’t think you will be doing less work because you sleep during the night. That is a foolish(愚蠢的) idea which is held by people who have no imagination. You will be able to do more.＂
28. According to the writer, the easiest and cheapest way to improve health is to _________.
A. eat healthy food every day B. take excrcisc as much as possible
C. get medical help whenever necessary D. sleep eight hours or more every night
29. What does ＂slecep-deprived＂ mean in Paragraph 2?
A. Having a good sleep. B. Excited about sleep.
C. Having less sleep. D. Interested in sleep.
30. According to Dr. James Maas. what is sleep like?
A. An hour. B. A report.
C. A credit card. D. A piece of paper.
31. What do the words of the famous person mean in Paragragh 5?
A. Sleeping during the night is foolish.
B. Sleeping during the night is helpful.
C. People have no courage.
D. People always do less work.
32. What is the best title of the passage’?
A. The Value of Sleep
B. The Value of Study
C. The Ways of Eating Less
D. The Ways of Making Money
【文章大意】本文介绍了睡眠的价值。文章介绍了有很多方法可以帮助改善你的健康，但改善健康的最简单和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8个小时或更长时间。世界上越来越多的人睡眠不足。睡眠不足不仅使人感到疲劳，而且还会造成事故。文化是造成睡眠不足的原因之一。我们如何教这些人学习睡眠的价值？睡眠专家告诉我们：＂睡眠就像信用卡。当你睡眠不足时。你只是在借用时间。你总是要还钱。你不睡觉的时间越多，＂偿还＂你＂睡眠信用卡＂上的时间就越多。＂一位名人曾经说过：＂不要以为你会因为晚上睡觉而减少工作。这是一个没有想象力的人的愚蠢的想法。你可以做得更多。＂
28. D【解析】细节理解题。根据But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. 可知，但改善健康的最简单和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8个小时或更长时间。故选D。
29. C【解析】词义猜测题。A. Having a good sleep. 睡得好；B. Excited about sleep. 对睡眠感到兴奋。C. Having less sleep. 睡眠不足；D. Interested in sleep. 对睡眠感兴趣。句子According to the World Health Organization over half the people in the world may be sleep-deprived. 根据世界卫生组织的数据，世界上一半以上的人可能睡眠不足。因此sleep-deprived的意思是：睡眠不足。故选C。
30. C【解析】细节理解题。A. An hour.一个小时；B. A report.一份报告；C. A credit card.一张信用卡；D. A piece of paper.一张纸。根据Sleep is like a credit (信用卡) card.可知，睡眠就像信用卡。故选C。
31. B【解析】细节理解题。句子＂Don’t think you will be doing less work because you sleep during the night. That is a foolish(愚蠢的) idea which is held by people who have no imagination. You will be able to do more.＂ ＂不要以为你会因为晚上睡觉而减少工作。这是一个没有想象力的人的愚蠢的想法。你可以做得更多。＂这句话充分说明了晚上睡觉是有帮助的。故选B。
32. A【解析】推理判断题。A. The Value of Sleep睡眠的价值；B. The Value of Study学习的价值；C. The Ways of Eating Less少吃的方法；D. The Ways of Making Money赚钱的方式。根据There are many ways to help improve your health like eating healthy food. Taking exercise and getting medical help. But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. 有很多方法可以帮助改善你的健康，比如吃健康食品。进行锻炼并获得医疗帮助。但改善健康的最简单和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8个小时或更长时间。和句子How do we teach these people to learn the value of sleep? 我们如何教这些人学习睡眠的价值？可知，本文主要介绍了睡眠的价值。因此最好的题目是The Value of Sleep. 故选A。
【点睛】
词义猜测题是阅读理解中常见的一种题型，所猜测词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：(1)利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。 (2)利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易 (3)利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。这些逻辑关系往往通过一些相应的词或短语表达出来，如but, or, however, so, because等。(4)利用构词法知识答题。熟记一些前缀、后缀所表达的意思，不仅可以扩大词汇量，而且帮助我们猜测词义。第2小题的词义猜测题就是利用第1种解题方法。
（九）【2019 • 浙江省宁波市】
Many people might think that if they had more money, then they would he happier in life. For example, people might look at what others have, like expensive clothes or nice cars, and wish they could have the same. But the things that money can buy can not bring happiness to a person for long.
___①____ But is that really true? Studies have found that money can, in fact, make people happier. __②____ Instead, it’s giving money to others that makes people happy. __③___ It could be buying a present for a friend or a family member. ___④___ It could he buying a homeless person food to eat. It could he giving money to a person in need. Just think about the last time you used your own money to do something for someone else. How did you feel? Whether it is a small or large amount of money. People feel happier when they give. This is because making someone else happy makes the giver happy, too.
This idea of connecting your happiness to the happiness of others is described as a ubuntu in an African language. There is even a story about a man visiting Africa who asked some kids to race to a nearby tree. ‘The first child to touch the tree would get a sweet treat. Surprising, all the children held hands and ran together. They all touched the tree at the same time. The man asked why they had done this. ‘The children simply said they could only enjoy eating the treat if everyone had one.
33. The writer says that buying things _________.
A. can make people worried B. can make people nervous
C. may lead to sadness for long D. may lead to happiness for a short time
34. Where can we best put "But its not having money that brings happiness." n Paragraph 2?
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
35. Why does the writer quote(引用) a story in Paragraph 3?
A. To explain Africans like sweets. B. To show examples are not enough-
C. To make the writer’s opinion clearer. D. To express happiness is from children.
36. What does the writer try to tell us?
A. Buying new things can make people happy.
B. The key to happiness is making others happy.
C. If you want to be happy, you can visit Africa.
D. People who have a lot of money might not be happy.
【文章大意】很多人都觉得如果他们有更多的钱，他们就会更快乐。是的，钱的确能使我们更快乐，但不是有钱能让我们快乐，而是给予别人钱能让我们快乐。人们在奉献的时候会更快乐，这是因为让别人快乐，同时也会使自己快乐。
33. D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一段最后一句话But the things that money can buy can not bring happiness to a person for long可知，用钱买东西不能长时间给我们带来快乐。由此可知应选D。
34. B【解析】推理判断题。题干中这句话But its not having money that brings happiness.意为：但是不是拥有钱带来快乐。根据上下文的逻辑关系可知，Studies have found that money can, in fact, make people happier. 提到：事实上，钱使人们更开心；后面又提到Instead, it’s giving money to others that makes people happy是给别人钱使人们开心。故这句话应放在②处，能使上下文意衔接，故选B。
35. C【解析】推理判断题。这篇短文是议论文，讲述了真正让人们快乐的不是有钱，而是用钱来使别人快乐。第二段的最后提到 This is because making someone else happy makes the giver happy, too.＂让别人快乐也会让给予者快乐＂。为了使读者更好地理解这一点，作者讲了下面的故事。因此C选项＂使作者的观点更清楚＂是正确的。
36. B【解析】主旨大意题。这是一篇议论文，作者先讲述了用钱买东西并不能长久地使人们快乐，然后引出作者的观点This is because making someone else happy makes the giver happy, too.＂使别人快乐也会让给予者快乐＂。故B选项＂快乐的关键是使别人快乐＂，符合文章大意和主旨，故应选B。