2023年初中英语语法之反意疑问句详解及练习

2023年初中英语语法之反意疑问句详解及练习

一、反意疑问句的定义

反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句（tag question）在陈述句之后，附加上一个简短句，对陈述句所叙述的事情提出的事情提出相反的疑问，这种疑问句叫反意疑问句。换句话说，反意疑问句由两部分组成，前一部分是对是对事物的陈述，后一部分是针对所提出是事提出疑问。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分就用否定式；如果前一部分用否定式，后一部分就用肯定式。反意疑问句陈述部分用降调，简短问句部分可以用升调，也可以用降调，这得由提问者决定。提问者对陈述部分把握较大时，问句用降调；把握不大时用升调。

二、反意疑问句前后两部分所遵循的规则：

1. 前后语气相反

A．前一部分用肯定式，后一部分就用否定式。

(1)You are a student, aren't you ?

(2)She reads Chinese every day, doesn't she?

(3)John went to school, didn't he?

(4)She has done his homework, hasn't she?

(5)They can speak English, can't they?

(6)You will come in, won't you?

B．前一部分用否定式，后一部分就用肯定式。

(1)He isn't a singer, is he?

(2)They don't play the guitar, do they?

(3)You couldn't write it, could you?

(4)We didn't see Tom, did we?

(5)She hasn't seen Lily, has she?

(6)He can't ride the bike, can he?

2．前后人称一致

(1)We are teachers, aren't we?

(2)She comes from Japan, doesn't she?

(3)He read maths every day last year, didn't he?

(4)They have done their work, haven't they?

(5)It will be fine, won't it?

3．前后时态一致

(1)You are a teacher, aren't you?

(2)He comes from Japan, doesn't he?

(3)She studied Chinese last year, didn't she?

(4)They have learned English, haven't they?

(5)It will rain, won't it?

4．简短问句部分要用缩写形式

(1)You are a student, aren't you ?

(2)She reads Chinese every day, doesn't she?

(3)John went to scholl, didn't he?

(4)She has done his homework, hasn't she?

(5)They can speak English, can't they?

(6)You will come in, won't you?

5．简短问句部分的主语要用人称代词主格

(1)This book is yours, isn't it?

(2)Tom dosen't know me, does he?

(3)Lucy and Lily played the piano, didn't they?

(4)Kate's dog has eaten 3 chichens, hasn't it?

(5)His desk and bike are red, aren't they?

(6)His milk isn't bad, is it?

三、反意疑问句中的特例：

1. There be 变成 be There：

 There are 3 dogs, are there?

2. I am a worker, aren't (an't) I?

3. 陈述部分是祈使句时，从句应具体情况具体对待

(1)Don't forget it, will you? (不用Won't you?)

(2)Come here early please, will(won't) you?

(3)Let's go to the beach, shall(shan't) we?

(4)Let us go to the beach, will(won't) you?

4. 陈述部分谓语是think,suppose,believe,expect等，且主语为第一人称或第二人称时，简略句肯定或否定语气与主句对应，而主语和时态却与从句一致

(1)I don't think you are right, are you?

(2)I don't believe he has done it, has he?

5. 当陈述部分的主语为代词-body,-one构成的不定代词时，简略句的主语多用they；当陈述部分的主语为-ing构成的不定代词时，简略句的主语多用it

(1)Everyone is here, aren't they?

(2)Playing football in the street is right, isn't it?

6. 当陈述部分的主语为代词：this,that,nothing,不定式，动名词或从句时，简略句的主语用it；陈述部分的主语为these,those,nobody,eveybody,somebody等，简略句的主语用they

(1)That is a dog, isn't it?

(2)These are apples, aren't they?

(3)Nothing is right, is it?

(4)To see is to believe, isn'it?

(5)Everyone comes here, don't they?

(6)Nobody can help us, can they?

(7)Everything is ready, isn't it?

7. 当陈述部分的主语含有no,never,hardly,little,seldom few等词，这部分按否定处理，为简略句应用肯定式

(1)He can hardly read English, can he?

(2)It seldom rains here, does it?

(3)He has no classes today, does he?

8. 当陈述部分的主语含有un-,-less,dis-等带有前（后）缀的词，这部分按肯定处理，简略句应用否定式

(1)It is unfair, isn't it?

(2)He dislike it, doesn't he?

9．当陈述部分的情态动词表推测时的特殊情况：

A. 当陈述部分的情态动词表推测时简略句应以情态动词后的动词为标准，去作相应的变化。

(1)Jack must have arrived here, hasn't he?

(2)Li Ping must have finished her work last night,didn't she?

B. 反意疑问句的特殊答语

对于反意疑问句的的回答，不管问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes；如果事实否定的，就用no

当陈述部分为否定时要特别注意，这时的英语和汉语的答语是不同的。例如：

a. 当陈述部分为肯定，简略句部分为否定时的答语和一般疑问句相同。

(1)He is a student, isn't he?

(2)Yes, he is. No, he isn't.（是的，他是。不，他不是。）

b. 当陈述部分为否定，简略句部分为肯定时的答语。当陈述部分为否定，简略句为肯定时的答语时意义就会和汉语大相径庭：Yes, No和汉语的意义相反。

(1)Kate didn't play the piano yesterday, did she?

   Yes, she did.   No, she didn't.（不，他弹了。是的，他没弹。）

(2)They aren't reading the book, are they?

   Yes, they are.   No, they are't. （不，他们正在读。是的，他们没读。）

(3)Lucy didn't ride the bike, did she?

   Yes, she did.   No, she didn't.（不，她骑了。是的，他没骑。）

四、反意疑问句的常见句型

1.祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句，用will you 多表示“请求”，用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。

 Look at the blackboard, will you/won't you?

2. Let引导的祈使句有两种情况：

1）Let's…，后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。

 Let's go home, shall we/shan't we?

还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。

2）Let us/me…后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。

 Let me have a try, will you/won't you?

2. 感叹句后加反意疑问句时，其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。

What a lovely puppy, isn't it?

3.当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to，且这些词被用作实义动词时，其反意疑问句需用do的适当形式。

 He needs help, doesn't he?

4.陈述部分主、谓语是I am…时，反意疑问句用aren't I 或ain't I ,而不是am not I （可用am I not）。

I'm working at that time, ain't I?

5.陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时，反意疑问句的主语可以用one，也可用you（美式英语用he）。

 One should be ready to face difficults of life, shouldn't one?

6.当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时：few, little, seldom，hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等，其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。

 It's hardly to say, isn't it?

7.当陈述部分含I think (believe, suppose…) that… 结构时，其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致，注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。例如：

 I don't think he will come, will he?

(has)不是表示“有”的意思，并在句中做谓语时，其反意疑问句的助动词要用do, does, did。

 They had a meeting just now，didn't they?

9.陈述部分有have to 时，其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。

 You have to go to school every day, don't you?

10.陈述部分是there be句型时，其反意疑问句中要用there。

 There was a hospital on this street, wasn't there?

11.当陈述部分含有情态动词must时，有两种情况，① 如果must 作“一定；要；必须”讲，反意疑问句须用mustn't或needn't；② 而当must作推测意义“一定是；必定”讲时，反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选用相应的形式。

 She must work hard at literature, mustn't she?

      The kid must go to bed before 10pm，isn't he?

反意疑问句小练

1. Few people would agree with this, ______?

A. did they                       B. would they

C. didn’t they                   D. wouldn’t they

2. Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease, ______?

A. do they                        B. need they

C. don’t they                    D. needn’t they

3. The police must have known all about this, ______?

A. must it                         B. must they

C. have they                     D. has it

4. I think it’s high time that she made up her mind, ______?

A. don’t I                        B. isn’t it

C. didn’t she                    D. hasn’t it

5. If you want help, let me know, ______?

A. can I                           B. do you

C. will I                           D. will you

6. It’s cheap. I don’t suppose he cares, ______?

A. is it                             B. do I

C. does he                       D. does it

7. “He’s selfish. I don’t like him, ____?” “No, I don’t at all.”

A. do I                            B. do you

C. don’t I                        D. does she

8. “I think the teacher is wrong, _____?” “No, I don’t think so.”

A. don’t you                    B. don’t I

C. doesn’t he                   D. doesn’t she

9. I dare not go out after dark. Let us go together, ______?

A. will you                       B. shall we

C. can you                       D. can we

10. There are times when such things are necessary, ______?

A. are there                      B. aren’t there

C. are they                       D. aren’t they

【参考答案】

1—5 BBCBD  6—10 CBABB