2023届高考英语二轮复习专题课件：独立主格结构

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习专题课件：独立主格结构，共46页。PPT课件主要包含了ONE，It rained，怎样将两个句子合并，独立主格结构的概念，TWO，THREE，① 表示时间 ，② 表示条件 ，③ 表示原因 ，④ 表示伴随 等内容，欢迎下载使用。

I stayed at hme.
要求：可以使用连词，请将句子合并成并列句。
☞ It rain s/and I stayed at hme.
要求：可以使用连词，请将句子合并为复合句。
☞ Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at hme.
要求：不适用连词，将两个句子合并为一个句子。
☞ It raining, I stayed at hme.
His friends t cme tnight, he is busy preparing the dinner.Because his friends will cme having sat dwn, the teacher began his class.After everyne had sat f eyes fixed upn him, Nick felt n edge.Because thusands f eyes were fixed upn him...
It raining, I stayed at hme.
☞ “独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。
Self-study
1. Mntreal, a prt in the prvince f Quebec, is the secnd largest city in Canada, and als the largest French-speaking city in the wrld, Paris being the largest. (L24)
(1) 有那个女孩带路，他们很快走出了山里。__________________________________, they gt ut f the muntain.(２) 作业做完了，孩子们出去玩了。 ______________________________，the children went ut t play. 　　
The girl leading the way
Hmewrk finished
1.独立主格结构是一种结构，不是一个句子，不需要用谓语动词。2.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它有自己逻辑上的主语，表达相对独立的意思，它独立存在。3.独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开。4.在句中只作状语，并可对主句进行补充说明。5.名词或代词与后面的分词构成一定的关系：如与现在分词（ding)构成主谓关系或与过去分词(dne)构成动宾关系等。
独立 主格 结构
它的逻辑主语用代词的主格
1. The exam __________（hld）tmrrw, I culdn’t g t the cinema tnight. 2. Many trees, flwers, and grass____________, (plant)ur schl will lk even mre beautiful. 3. Weather____________(permit), we’ll g sightseeing in Gap.
t be planted
permitting
独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个__________，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个_______，通常放于句末。
☞ The meeting being ver, all f us went hme. 开完会后我们都回家了
☞ Her wrk dne, she sat dwn fr a cup f tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。
the meeting being ver 相当于 when the meeting was ver
her wrk dne 相当于 when her wrk was dne
The cnditin being favrable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。
If the cnditin is favrable
☞ There being n taxis, we had t walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。
☞ He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frsty.
Since there was n taxis,
as the night was dark and frsty
☞ Almst all metals are gd cnductrs, silver being the best f all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。
(=Almst all metals are gd cnductrs, and silver is the best f all.)
☞ We redubled ur effrts, each man wrking like tw. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。
The girl _______(stare)at him , he didn’t knw what t say. The prblems _______(slve), the quality has been imprved.An air accident happened t the plane, nbdy _______(alive). The meeting_______(ver), they all went hme. The wrk ______(d),we went hme.With his hmewrk______(d), Tm went ut t play.With his hmewrk________(d), Tm can’t g ut t play.
1. 逻辑主语+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词） 非谓语动词独立主格结构2. 逻辑主语+(being)+表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语) 无动词独立主格结构3. with/withut + 复合宾语 （不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词） with的复合结构
独立主格结构有三种类型：
1. 逻辑主语+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）
The girl staring at him, he didn’t knw what t say.
The prblems slved, the quality has been imprved.
They said gd-bye t each ther, ne t g hme, the ther t g t the bkstre.
(= As the girl stared at him)
(= As the prblems were slved)
名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系
名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。
名词/主格代词与不定式之间是将来的或具体的动作。
① “名词/代词 + 现在分词”结构
该结构在句中常作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式或伴随状语等。现在分词通常表示动作正在进行（或表示主动）。有时现在分词不表示进行，而表示一般情况的状态或动作。
(1) 作 状语：Everyne having sat dwn, the teacher began his class. 每个人都坐好后，老师开始上课。(相当于时间状语从句: After everyne had sat dwn)
(2) 作 状语：The by leading the way, we had n truble getting ut f the frest. 由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就走出了森林。(相当于原因状语从句: Because the by led the way)
(3) 作 状语： My health allwing, I will wrk far int the night. 我的健康许可的话，我愿工作到深夜。
(4) 作 状语： The students are walking in the schl happily, each wearing a card in frnt f his chest. 学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人胸前都带着一张卡。
（相当于并列句：and each wears a card ...）
（相当于条件状语从句：If my health allws）
②“名词/代词+过去分词”结构
该结构在句中常作 时间状语、原因状语、方式或伴随状语、条件状语等。过去分词通常表示被动意义或完成意义。
(1) 作 状语：The test finished, we’ll have ur summer vcatin. 考试结束以后，我们将开始暑假了。
(2) 作 状语：Thusands f eyes fixed upn him, Nick felt n edge. 上千只眼睛看着他，尼克感到紧张。
（相当于时间状语从句：After the test is finished...）
（相当于原因状语从句：Because were fixed upn him...）
(3) 作 状语：When in truble, Sam wuld sit alne, head bent. 萨姆遇到麻烦时，总是独自坐着，头低着。
(4) 作 状语：Mre time given, we can finish the wrk. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们就能完成这项工作。
（相当于并列句 and his head was bent .）
（相当于条件状语从句：If mre time is given t us ...）
由不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的动作或状态，在句中常作 ，偶尔作 。
His friends t cme tnight, he is busy preparing the dinner.
N ne t wake me up, I might be late fr the first class.
他朋友今晚要来，所以正忙着准备晚餐呢
如果没人叫醒我，我会错过第一节课的。
(相当于状语从句：because ..)
(相当于条件状语从句：if n.. wke me ..)
③“名词/代词+不定式”结构
【综合比较三种非谓语动词独立主格结构】
1. 名词或代词+不定式其中的不定式通常表示即将要发生的动作。
2. 名词或代词+现在分词其中的现在分词通常表示动作正在进行（或表示主动）。有时现在分词不表示进行，而表示一般情况的状态或动作。
3. 名词或代词+过去分词其中的过去分词通常表示被动意义或完成意义。
Their rm was n the third flr, it’s windw verlking the sprts grund. 他们的房间在三层楼上，窗户俯视着操场。
1 、The manager lks wrried，many things t settle. 经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。（事情还没有处理，而且是由经理本人来处理，用不定式t settle——将来与主动） 2 、The students are walking in the schl happily, each wearing a card in frnt f his chest.学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人胸前都带着一张卡。（每个人胸前都带着一张卡——进行与主动）3 、Their rm was n the third flr, it’s windw verlking the sprts grund. 他们的房间在三层楼上，窗户俯视着操场。（窗户俯视着操场——一般情况的状态或主动）
4、The manager lks relaxed, many things settled. 许多事情已经处理好了， 经理看上去很轻松。（事情已经处理好了，用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束——完成与被动）5、The fd cked, the by went t bed. 饭做好了，小孩去睡了。（两个动作有先后，饭已做好，小孩才去睡觉的——完成与被动）
2. 逻辑主语+(being)+表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语)
An air accident happened t the plane, nbdy alive.
名词/主格代词+形容词
The meeting ver, they all went hme.
The by went t the classrm, bk in hand.
在这个结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词，在这些名词前习惯上不用冠词。但注意比较： He std under a tree, hand in pcket. He std under a tree, with a hand in his pcket.
名词/主格代词+介词短语
I received many gifts, many f them bks.
There being n further business, I declare the meeting clsed. There being n buses, they walked t the theatre.
There being +名词（代词）
It being Christmas, the gvernment ffices were clsed. It being hliday, all the shps were shut.
It being +名词（代词）
Many peple cme t visit the city , . 很多人来参观这个城市，其中大多数是外国人。 I received many Christmas gifts, . 我收到了很多圣诞礼物，其中一些是书籍。
mst f them freigners
sme f them bks
☞ he fught the wlf, a stick his nly weapn. 他和狼搏斗着，唯一的武器是一根棍棒。 .
☞ The men mved slwly frward, neck deep in the water, with their fficers guiding them.
☞ It std silent in the nn sunlight, its dr pen.
He turned t me, his eyes sleepy. 他睡眼惺忪地转向我。 （his eyes和sleepy之间省去了being）
☞ Nbdy in, the thief tk a lt f things away.
☞ Lunch ver, he left the huse. But he was thinking.
Schl ver , we all went hme. 放学了，我们都回家了。 （schl和ver之间省去了being） , I can’t fcus my mind n the wrk. 音乐开着，我不能专心工作。
The music n
④ 逻辑主语+介词短语
☞ I fllwed him here, climbed in, swrd in hand.
☞ He sat at the table, cat ff, head dwn, and pen in hand.
☞The huntsman entered the frest, gun in hand. 那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
, it is ging t rain sn. 天空黑云密布，很快就要下雨。
Dark cluds in the sky
高中英语 独立主格结构 课件(共37张PPT)
1. 在表示方式的独立主格结构中，为了使句子简洁,往往将“逻辑主语+介词短语”中的冠词或代词都省略。 The guard std by the dr, (a) gun in (his) hand. She came in, (a) smile n (her) face.
2. 独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略： 一是在“There being + 名词”结构中； 二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。 There being n bus, we had t walk hme. It being Sunday, all the ffices are clsed.
1. ________ n bus, we had t walk hme.    A. There was B. There being C. Because there being D. There were2. _______, we all went swimming in high spirits.    A. It being fine weather    B. It fine weather C. It was fine weather    D. It being a fine weather 3. ______, the hunter went int the frest.    A. A gun n shulder     B. A gun was n his shulder   C. Gun n shulder    D. A gun being n shulder
3. with/withut + 复合宾语 （不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词）
“介词with/withut +宾语+宾语补足语”结构可以构成独立主格结构，在句中常作伴随状语、原因状语，也可作定语。上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现，即：
with/withut
1. with/ withut +名词/代词+形容词 ，the ld man felt unhappy. 由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。
2. with/ withut +名词/代词+副词 ，she had t stay at hme alne.因为她姐姐出去了，她只能独自待在家里。
3. with/ withut +名词/代词+介词短语 He std at the dr, . 他站在门旁边，手里拿着一台电脑。
With his sn s disappinting
With her sister ut
with a cmputer in his hand
“with/ withut”引导的独立主格结构
4. with/ withut +名词/代词+不定式 , the by lked upset.
5. with/ withut +名词/代词+现在分词 ，I stle int the rm.
6. with/ withut +名词/代词+过去分词 With his hmewrk dne, Peter went ut t play. The by was crying ， .
Withut any game t play
Withut anyne nticing
with his ty brken
注意：在with/withut 复合结构中，多数情况下with 能省略，但withut 不能省略。
With his hmewrk dne, Peter went ut t play.
Withut any game t play, the by lked upset.
His hmewrk dne, Peter went ut t play.
不可改为Any game t play,the by lked upset.
1. ______ prductin up by 60%, the cmpany has had anther excellent year.    A. As B. Fr C. With D. Thrugh 2. With a lt f wrk _______, I have t sit up tnight.    A. d     B. ding C. dne     D. t d  3. Jhn received an invitatin t dinner, and with his wrk ,he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished