高中英语高考2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读技巧课件：阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧

这是一份高中英语高考2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读技巧课件：阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧，共14页。PPT课件主要包含了主题句在短文中间等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。
1) 主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式The main idea f the passage is …The passage is mainly abut …What is the passage mainly abut?Which f the fllwing statements best expresses the main idea f the passage?2) 目的类主旨大意题The passage is meant t …The purpse f this article is t …The authr intends ) 标题类主旨大意题The best title fr the passage might be …
1) 主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。2) 找准文章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以： 读首句抓大意 读尾句抓大意 在中间抓大意 读首尾段抓大意3.)主题句隐含在全文中 无主题句隐含在全文中明显主题句时高频信息词 任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
Sample 1Peple have different tastes in fd. Sme feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak r ther red meat. Sme prefer chicken r fish and eat ne r the ther at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits r grains and wuld enjy a meal f spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others culd live n what were called fast--fds: a hamburger r ht dg, French fries and a sft drink. （1）主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在说明文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。
Sample 2Sme students prefer a strict teacher wh tells them exactly what t d. Others prefer t be left t wrk n their wn. Still thers like a demcratic discussin type f class. N ne teaching methd can be devised t satisfy all students at the same time. （2）主题句也会出现在段尾。 作者先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证，最后自然得出结论，即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现，它是此段内容的结论。
Sample 3Nthing is as useful as a flashlight n a dark night if a tire ges flat. Few inventins are s helpful t a child wh is afraid f the dark. In fact, the mdern flashlight brings light t many dark situatins. Finding smething in the back f a clset is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper als needs ne after the light f the campfire has been ut.（3）在短文中间 当主题句被安排在段中间时, 通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.
1)关注一些表征强转折关系的连词“but, yet, hwever, in fact, indeed,”等，这些词后面连接的通常都是一段话的主题句。  2) 关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词：“in brief/shrt, abve/in/after/all in all, in cnclusin, in a wrd”等，这些词后面连接的通常也都是一段话的主题句。  3) 如果主题句含有shw, indicate和suggest等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。 
Sample 4Shu Pulng has helped at least 1000 peple bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing peple with snakes bites that led me t the career.” Shu said…... “The sad stry tuched me s much that I decided t devte myself t helping peple bitten by snakes.” Shu said.（4）首尾呼应为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见. 通常, 前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味.
(5) 从段落中寻找高频率词
任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词
The passage is mainly abut _____. A. the cnstructin f a rad B. the design f a rad C. the cnstructin f tw railways D. the design f tw tunnels
文中重复出现的词为关键词，一般与主旨相关
练习：1.Lung cancer is the wrst cancer killer in America . Abut 160,440 Americans die each year frm it. Mre than 87 percent f lung cancers are smking related, accrding t the Lung Cancer Organizatin.
Lung cancer is the N.1 cancer killer Smking is a bad habitLCO advises peple t stp smkingWhy did peple die f Lung cancer?
The main idea f the passage is ___.
2.Many peple write t newspapers and magazines t express their pinins. … Name r n name ? The answer is very persnal and lies in hw much we want t. We all have a name. It is a matter f respnsibility t use it when we make a statement, a claim r an accusatin. We all want t hnr ur wn name, and it is nly by stamping ur expressin f an pinin with ur name that we hnr what we say.The passage is mainly abut_____.A. hnr and writers B. identity and signatureC. signature(签名) and respnsibility D. annymity and signature
Hw t Deal with the Prblems n Reading Cmprehensin
一、主旨大意题 （做题要领）
1. 干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。
2. 干扰项 可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。
3. 干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
(正确答案) 是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。