2022-2023学年河北省承德市高一上学期期末考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年河北省承德市高一上学期期末考试英语试题含解析，共27页。试卷主要包含了15等内容，欢迎下载使用。

 河北承德2022~2023学年第一学期高一年级期末考试
英语试卷
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. Which of the following can the man do?
A. Swim. B. Play soccer. C. Play basketball.
2. What do we know about Jack?
A. He was rude. B. He was kind. C. He was a boss.
3. What will the man do next?
A. Make a new coat. B. Change another coat. C. Make the woman’s coat larger.
4. Who got the highest mark in the exam?
A. Linda. B. The man. C. The woman.
5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Husband and wife. B. Driver and passenger. C. Salesman and customer.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In the hospital. B. In the post office. C. At the railway station.
7. How much should the man pay?
A. $1. B. $2. C. $4.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What has the man been doing these weeks?
A. Studying languages. B. Travelling with his brother. C. Preparing for his final exam.
9. What has the man decided to do this summer?
A. Go hiking. B. Go camping. C. Do volunteer work.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Where did the speakers first meet?
A. At a party. B. At school. C. At a restaurant.
11. What will the speakers do this Thursday night?
A. See a play. B. See a movie. C. Go shopping.
12. How will the speakers go to the theater?
A. By car. B. By subway. C. By bus.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. When will the speakers go to Xi’an?
A. On about June 6th. B. On about July 16th. C. On about June 16th.
14. How much will the travel to Xi’an cost?
A. ￥2,000. B. $2,000. C. ￥3,000.
15. Why is Monica going to Harbin again?
A. Because her parents live there.
B. Because she wants to visit her friends.
C. Because she wants to work there after graduation.
16. Where would the man like to go for a holiday if he had a lot of money?
A. Tianjing. B. Beijing. C. Tibet.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. How is Lily feeling on the Boeing 747?
A. Unhappy. B. Lonely and worried. C. Afraid and nervous.
18. Why is Lily going abroad?
A. To study. B. To travel. C. To visit her friend.
19. Who saw Lily off at the airport?
A. Her friends. B. Her family. C. Her classmates.
20. How soon will Lily be in another country?
A. In three hours. B. In four hours. C. In thirteen hours.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Great Places to Spend New Year’s Eve
These destinations around the world have a good reputation for traditionally spending a great New Year’s Eve.
Dubai
The famous architecture Burj Khalifa holds the record for its top height worldwide and people gather at the footsteps to welcome a new year with an amazing fireworks show. Not too far away, Burj Plaza is a little quieter and popular with families. Dubai is building a repu- tation as a major food destination, so you may wish to enjoy in restaurants. And if you have shopping in mind,check out Dubai Mall,one of the world’s largest.
Rio de Janeiro
The citizens of Rio de Janeiro know how to throw a good celebration. The main gathering at Copacabana Beach,which starts even before dark, traditionally features a variety of musical acts and fireworks. If you want to party in classic Rio style,pay a visit to Jobi Bar,a social custom in the city. Looking for a great view? Hang out to the Vista Chinesa, a small Chinese style tower sitting to provide a fantastic bird view.
Bangkok
Bangkok often tops the lists of Asia’s best nightlife cities. Catch an amazing fireworks show at ICONSIAM, a major shopping and entertainment destination along the Chao Phraya River. You may want to continue the celebration at one of Bangkok’s attractive bars such as Sky Beach Bangkok, the city’s highest bar. If you want to escape from crowds,bright lights and noise, get some calming down time at a temple,Wat Pho.
Cape Town
Cape Town is one of the most beautiful cities in Africa. New Year’s Eve fireworks make it more wonderful. If you’re in the mood for a party, Aztecthemed Alcazar will feature 10 hours of performances on three stages. If you’re looking for a place to dine, consider Pier, featuring a vegetarian menu. It’s on the Victoria& Alfred Waterfront, which is a great spot to catch the fireworks.
1. What is special about Burj Khalifa in Dubai?
A. It is the highest building in the world. B. It is famous for wonderful restaurants.
C. It has fantastic musical performances. D. It is a best-known place for shopping.
2. Where can you go if you are tired of noise?
A. Dubai Mall,Dubai. B. Copacabana Beach, Rio de Janeiro.
C. Wat Pho, Bangkok, D. Alcazar,Cape Town.
3. What activity do the four cities prepare for their citizens on New Year’s Eve?
A. Having a vegetarian diet. B. Enjoying waterfront activities.
C. Visiting Chinese style buildings. D. Watching amazing fireworks shows.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个适合度过新年前夜的城市。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Dubai的介绍中第一句“The famous architecture Burj Khalifa holds the record for its top height worldwide and people gather at the footsteps to welcome a new year with an amazing fireworks show.(著名建筑哈利法塔保持着世界最高高度的纪录，人们聚集在哈利法塔的脚步前，用令人惊叹的烟花表演迎接新的一年)”可知，哈利法塔的特别之处是其保持着全球最高建筑的纪录。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Bangkok的介绍中最后一句“If you want to escape from crowds, bright lights and noise, get some calming down time at a temple, Wat Pho.(如果你想逃离人群、明亮的灯光和噪音，那就去卧佛寺静下心来)”可知，你厌倦了噪音，你可以去曼谷的卧佛寺。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The famous architecture Burj Khalifa holds the record for its top height worldwide and people gather at the footsteps to welcome a new year with an amazing fireworks show.(著名建筑哈利法塔保持着世界最高高度的纪录，人们聚集在哈利法塔的脚步前，用令人惊叹的烟花表演迎接新的一年)”；第三段中“The main gathering at Copacabana Beach,which starts even before dark, traditionally features a variety of musical acts and fireworks.(科帕卡巴纳海滩的主要集会甚至在天黑之前就开始了，传统上以各种音乐表演和烟花为特色)”；第四段中“Catch an amazing fireworks show at ICONSIAM, a major shopping and entertainment destination along the Chao Phraya River.(ICONSIAM是湄南河沿岸的主要购物和娱乐目的地，可以欣赏到令人惊叹的烟花表演)”以及最后一段中“New Year’s Eve fireworks make it more wonderful. (新年前夜的烟花让它更加精彩)”可知，这四个城市在新年前夜都有烟花表演。故选D。
B
71 years after starting college, a 90-year-old woman, Joyce Viola DeFauw, was graduating this year. She first entered college in 1951, studying early education, and later, home economics. She left school after three and a half years due to marriage.
The mom of nine, who is now also a grandmother to 17 and great-grandmother to 26, was busy through the years but never forgot about college.“I must have told the children that I wish I had finished back in the 1950s,” DeFauw recalled. “They suggested that I go back and I thought ‘Well, OK.’” Since the pandemic began in 2019, instead of walking to campus to attend classes, she did so behind a computer screen from her retirement home.“I needed a computer and they got one for me and so I’ve been able to use it and enjoy it.”
DeFauw re-entered Northern Illinois University (NIU) in August 2019 and began to take online courses toward a bachelor’s degree (学士学位) in general studies. Although there were times when she struggled with the courses and even thought about giving up, DeFauw kept doing schoolwork almost every day. “We get to exchange ideas and things through the computer and I’ve had wonderful instructors that guided me,” DeFauw said. “As far as the encouragement of everyone — my friends, my family and my teachers — I just can’t give up.”
Three years later, she put on the cap and gown and received a Bachelor of General Studies degree from the university. DeFauw felt very happy and thankful for being able to achieve her big milestone. NIU President Dr. Lisa Freeman praised DeFauw as an “inspiration” to others. “DeFauw is a pioneer and now a Northern Illinois University graduate,” Freeman said. “She has beautifully shown that earning a degree is never late at any age. For anyone still looking to realize your dreams, just go for it. There’s so much that life offers, and you will miss out on if you don’t take advantage of it.”
4. How many majors has DeFauw studied at college?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four,
5. What do we know about DeFauw in paragraph 2?
A. She was too weak to go back to study at college.
B. She was a little regretful for restarting her college.
C. She was forced to continue college by her family.
D. She was supported by her family to continue studying.
6. Which words can best describe Joyce Viola DeFauw?
A. Caring and patient. B. Determined and hard-working.
C. Selfless and independent. D. Friendly and easy-going.
7. What did Lisa Freeman want to express by DeFauw’s story?
A. All roads lead to Rome. B. Great minds think alike.
C. There is no end to learning. D. Experience is the best teacher.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了阔别学校71年的Joyce Viola DeFauw返校继续完成她没有完成的学业，并且在她90岁高龄时获得了学士学位。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“She first entered college in 1951, studying early education, and later, home economics.(1951年，她首次进入大学，学习早期教育，后来又学习家政)”和第三段第一句“DeFauw re-entered Northern Illinois University (NIU) in August 2019 and began to take online courses toward a bachelor’s degree (学士学位) in general studies.(DeFauw于2019年8月重新进入北伊利诺伊大学(NIU)，并开始学习普通研究学士学位的在线课程)”可知，她共读了三门专业。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“‘I must have told the children that I wish I had finished back in the 1950s,’ DeFauw recalled.(“我一定告诉孩子们，我希望我能在20世纪50年代就完成，”DeFauw回忆道)”和最后一句“I needed a computer and they got one for me and so I’ve been able to use it and enjoy it.(我需要一台电脑，他们给了我一台，所以我可以使用它，享受它)”可知，她的家人建议她重新回去学习，并且帮她购买了电脑上网课。由此可知，她得到了家人的支持。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题根据第三段第二句“Although there were times when she struggled with the courses and even thought about giving up, DeFauw kept doing schoolwork almost every day.(虽然有时候课程很难，但Joyce Viola DeFauw不放弃，她几乎每天都坚持做学校作业)”可知，她意志坚定并且勤奋努力。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Lisa Freeman的话“She has beautifully shown that earning a degree is never late at any age. For anyone still looking to realize your dreams, just go for it. There’s so much that life offers, and you will miss out on if you don’t take advantage of it.(她完美地证明了在任何年龄获得学位都不会晚。对于那些还想实现梦想的人来说，尽管去做吧。生活给予你的东西太多了，如果你不好好利用，你就会错过很多)”可知，她想表达的意思是学习是没有止境的。故选C。
C
Have you ever noticed your dog taking a sunbath? You may think your dog is taking a nap(打盹) or relaxing when you see them in the sun. However, there is more to it than we can see.
Dogs are generations of wolves, which are extremely social animals. They express their love for one another by lying in the sun. Dogs follow their examples to stay warm in cold weather and cool down when it’s too hot to go outside. A dog’s body temperature stays at around 101 degrees Fahrenheit throughout the day. Their paws(爪子) allow them to sense heat and cold, so lying in the sun helps them keep their body temperature.
From the outside, it appears as though dogs are having a great time when they are taking a sunbath! However, dogs may get sunburned or develop skin problem if they are exposed to too much UV radiation(紫外线). What’s going on here? Why do some dogs lie in the sun for hours at a time? There are several reasons why your dog might be doing so, and all of them are related to his body’s sense to UV radiation.
The most obvious reason why dogs lie in the sun is that it feels nice. Dogs have a human-like response to UV rays, which means they feel warm when they are taking a sunbath. Your dog’s coat health is kept up by sunlight. You may have noticed that when you take your dog out on sunny days, their coats seem shinier and cleaner than they did when they were indoors all day. The skin under their coat stays healthy thanks to sunlight, which then keeps the coat healthier.
There are many reasons why dogs enjoy sunbathing. It is a fantastic way for them to relax and have fun. They like the heat; they enjoy it, or they want something soft against their backs such as grass when they lie outside. When outdoors during the day, they feel safer being close to you.
8. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A. Wolves are lonely animals. B. Dogs can’t sense heat and cold.
C. Dogs like taking a nap under the tree. D. Dogs are closely related to wolves in some way.
9. Why do dogs like sunbathing?
A. To lie on something soft. B. To get close to their owners.
C. To keep their body temperature. D. To express their love for wolves.
10. What does the underlined phrase “are exposed to” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Avoid. B. Receive. C. Cover. D. Collect.
11. What is the text mainly about?
A. The reasons why dogs like sunbathing. B. The relationship between dogs and wolves.
C. The way dogs keep their body temperature. D. The way dogs keep their skin clean and healthy.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导读】本文是说明文。本文主要介绍狗喜欢日光浴的原因。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“Dogs are generations of wolves, which are extremely social animals. They express their love for one another by lying in the sun. Dogs follow their examples to stay warm in cold weather and cool down when it’s too hot to go outside.(狗是狼的后代，是一种群居的动物。它们通过躺在阳光下来表达对彼此的爱。狗效仿它们，在寒冷的天气里保持温暖，在太热而不能外出的时候降温。)”可推断，狗在某些方面与狼关系密切。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“A dog’s body temperature stays at around 101 degrees Fahrenheit throughout the day. Their paws(爪子) allow them to sense heat and cold, so lying in the sun helps them keep their body temperature.(狗的体温一整天都保持在101华氏度左右。它们的爪子可以感知冷热，所以躺在阳光下可以帮助它们保持体温。)”可知，狗喜欢日光浴是为了保持体温。故选C。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。However表示上下文是转折关系，上文“From the outside, it appears as though dogs are having a great time when they are taking a sunbath!(从外面看，狗在晒日光浴的时候似乎玩得很开心!)”说明狗晒日光浴时看起来很高兴，因此推断下文应是说明暴露在日下的不利之处，由此可知线句句意：如果暴露在太多的紫外线辐射下，狗可能会被晒伤或出现皮肤问题。划线部分与receive“受到”意思相近。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一、二段引出狗晒日光浴的话题，第三段提出狗为什么晒日光浴的问题，四、五段讲述狗喜欢晒日光浴的原因，因此本文讲述狗喜欢日光浴的理由。故选A。
D
America has become the land of fast-food and processed food. Americans are putting on weight. Obesity(肥胖) is everywhere. It is much greater than it was thirty years ago.
Experts say that in ten years, almost half of all American adults will be obese. About one in four will be very obese. The weight gain will be highest among women, black adults, and low-income adults.
What can government do to keep this from taking place? Can laws and rules make a difference in people’s diets? Experts point at the discussion over how to control sugar-sweetened soda. The first problem is soft drinks. It spends millions to market its products and stops most efforts to tax(征税) their products. They say that lower-income people will use their little money to buy soda. Taxes could hurt the same people it was to help.
Experts say not drinking soda would mean big savings in health care costs. A soda tax set by Philadelphia caused a fall in the sale of soda. Savings in health care costs would be much bigger than the cost of a tax.
Is food now a way to feel better, not just to meet the need to eat? An expert said, “Obesity will be the new normal in this country.” The worst problem is drinking calories. It does not make people feel full, so they are likely to eat more.
Some suggest that restaurants do something. Observers note that portion sizes(分量) are too big. An expert said, “Menus could make healthier, lower-calorie meals the first choice.”
Experts say that everyone and every level of government have to play a role.
12. Which group may gain lower weight according to experts?
A. Children. B. Black adults. C. Low-income adults. D. Women.
13. What are food experts arguing about?
A. The aim of taxing soda drinks. B. The way to control sweet soda.
C. The rules to regulate food safety. D. The meaning of controlling sugar-sweetened soda.
14. How can restaurants contribute to dealing with the weight problem?
A. By lowering price. B. By increasing plate sizes.
C. By providing healthy food choices. D. By increasing food diversity.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. Obesity does great harm to people’s health
B. America is becoming a heavy-weight country
C. Restaurants should play their part to reduce weight
D. Experts are actively arguing about over weight problem
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述在美国由于快餐而导致肥胖人群正在大幅增加，作者建议每个人和各级政府都要努力改善这种现象。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段末句“The weight gain will be highest among women, black adults, and low-income adults.(体重增加最多的人群是女性、黑人成年人和低收入人群)”可知，体重增加最多的没有提到孩子，利用排除法。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。第四段“Experts say not drinking soda would mean big savings in health care costs. A soda tax set by Philadelphia caused a fall in the sale of soda. Savings in health care costs would be much bigger than the cost of a tax. (专家表示，不喝苏打水将意味着在医疗费用上节省一大笔钱。费城征收的碳酸饮料税导致碳酸饮料销量下降。医疗保健成本的节省将远远大于税收的成本)”可知，食品专家讨论了控制碳酸饮料这一做法的意义。故选D项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Some suggest that restaurants do something. Observers note that portion sizes(分量) are too big. An expert said, “Menus could make healthier, lower-calorie meals the first choice.” (有人建议餐馆做点什么。观察评论员指出，餐馆的份量太大了。一位专家说:‘可以让更健康、低卡路里的食物成为菜单中的首选。’)”可知，餐馆可以把更健康的食物推荐给食客们，这将有助于控制肥胖症这一社会现象。故选C项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“America has become the land of fast-food and processed food. Americans are putting on weight. Obesity(肥胖) is everywhere. It is much greater than it was thirty years ago.(美国已经成为快餐和加工食品之地。美国人的体重正在增加。肥胖无处不在。它比30年前严重得多)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍美国肥胖症人群正在增加这一现象，下文是对此的分析及建议。B. America is becoming a heavy-weight country. (美国正在变成一个严重肥胖的国家)概括了文章主旨大意。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Mindfulness may seem like a great idea, but how do you become more mindful in a busy work day? Here are a few ways you can put mindful moments into your day so you can reduce stress and do your best.
Be consciously (有意识地) present
____16____ When you’re consciously present at work, you’re aware of two parts of your experience—what’s going on around you and what’s going on within you. Mindful work means to being consciously present in what you’re doing, while you’re doing it, as well as managing your mental and emotional state.
____17____
Mindful exercises train your brain to be more mindful. The more mindful exercises you do, the easier your brain finds it to enter a mindful state, thus optimizing your brain function. In the busy workplace, finding time for a 30-minute mindful exercise can be difficult. So does that mean you can’t be mindful at all at work? No. ____18____ Even one minute of consciously connecting with one of your senses can be thought as a mindful exercise.
Be a single-tasker
Single-tasking is doing one thing at a time. Multitasking (多任务处理) is trying to do two or more tasks at the same time or changing back and forth between tasks. Nobody can actually multitask. In reality, your brain is madly changing from one thing to the next, often losing data in the process. ____19____ If multitasking is time-wasting, why do people still do it? The reason was found in a study by Zheng Wang at Ohio State University. She tracked students and found that when they multitasked, it made them feel more productive. ____20____
A. Use short mindful exercises at work
B. Use something to remind you to be mindful
C. Mindful exercises can be as short as you wish.
D. Most people know multitasking has no effect nowadays.
E. That’s true even though in reality they were not being productive.
F. Your beliefs about stress clearly affect your health and happiness.
G. Mindfulness is, above all, about being aware and awake rather than operating unconsciously.
【答案】16. G 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了如何在忙碌的一天中进行正念减压的方法。
【16题详解】
下文“Mindful work means to being consciously present in what you’re doing, while you’re doing it, as well as managing your mental and emotional state. (正念工作意味着当你在做这件事的时候，有意识地专注于你正在做的事情，以及管理你的精神和情绪状态)”可知，正念工作意味着要有意识，要专注，G项中的“being aware and awake rather than operating unconsciously(有意识的清醒的，而不是无意识地操作)”呼应下文的“Be consciously present”，因此推断G项“最重要的是，正念是关于意识到和清醒，而不是无意识地操作。”符合语境。故选G。
【17题详解】
空处是段落标题。根据下文“Mindful exercises train your brain to be more mindful. The more mindful exercises you do, the easier your brain finds it to enter a mindful state, thus optimizing your brain function. In the busy workplace, finding time for a 30-minute mindful exercise can be difficult.(正念练习训练你的大脑变得更警觉。你做的正念练习越多，你的大脑就越容易进入正念状态，从而优化你的大脑功能。在繁忙的工作场所，找时间做30分钟的正念锻炼是很困难的)”以及下文“Even one minute of consciously connecting with one of your senses can be thought as a mindful exercise.(即使是一分钟有意识地与你的一个感官相连连接也可以被认为是一种正念练习)”可知，本段讲述做正念练习可以锻炼大脑，优化大脑功能，但是每天找出30分钟锻炼很困难，但是即使是一分钟的正念练习也是练习，因此推断本段主要建议在工作中进行简短的正念练习。A项“在工作中使用简短的正念练习”为最佳标题。故选A。
【18题详解】
根据上文“In the busy workplace, finding time for a 30-minute mindful exercise can be difficult. So does that mean you can’t be mindful at all at work? No.(在繁忙的工作场所，找时间做30分钟的正念锻炼是很困难的。所以这是否意味着你在工作时根本无法保持专注？不)”和下文“Even one minute of consciously connecting with one of your senses can be thought as a mindful exercise.(即使是一分钟有意识地与你的一个感官相连连接也可以被认为是一种正念练习)”可知，此处讲述工作中找不到30分钟并不意味着你不能在工作进行正念练习，即使一分钟的练习也是练习，因此推断C项“正念练习可以如你所愿地短”符合语境。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Nobody can actually multitask. In reality, your brain is madly changing from one thing to the next, often losing data in the process.(没有人能同时处理多项任务。事实上，你的大脑在疯狂地从一件事转换到另一件事的过程中经常丢失数据)”和下文“If multitasking is time-wasting, why do people still do it?(如果多任务处理是浪费时间，为什么人们还这么做呢？)”可知，此处讲述多任务是无效的，是浪费时间，因此D项“现在大多数人都知道多任务处理没有任何效果。”符合语境，D项中的“multitasking has no effect”呼应上下文。故选D。
【20题详解】
上文“The reason was found in a study by Zheng Wang at Ohio State University. She tracked students and found that when they multitasked, it made them feel more productive.(俄亥俄州立大学的王政在一项研究中发现了原因。她跟踪学生，发现当他们同时处理多项任务时，会让他们感觉更有效率)”讲述了即使知道多任务处理无效，人们仍旧还会那么做的原因，他们感觉多任务处理更有效，因此推断E项“那是真的，即使在现实中他们并没有效率。”符合语境，呼应上文，即使多任务处理无效，但是人们会感觉更有效。故选E。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Kids are often stressed and scared when they break a bone, but Luis Ruiz makes getting a cast(打石膏)fun at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles. The doctor customizes(定制)casts of young ____21____ with drawings of their favorite cartoon characters, sports teams, and more.
About ten years ago, a little boy asked Ruiz to ____22____ a happy face on his cast. He told the ____23____, “You know what, I’m really not good at drawing. I’d rather not. I might ____24____ it up. ” The boy ____25____ to insist on a smiley face, so Ruiz agreed ____26____. The little boy was ____27____ with the results.
“It lit him up!” Ruiz remembers. That moment of joy ____28____ Ruiz to offer cast drawings to all the kids who came into the hospital with ____29____ bones. “I was not very good, ”Ruiz says. “But as time _____30_____, little by little, I got better and better, to a _____31_____ where now I can almost do anything they ask for. ”
Since that first _____32_____ face, Ruiz has painted thousands of casts, and the best _____33_____, he says, is “bringing those smiles”.
“The kids just _____34_____ me joy, ” Ruiz adds. “I’m kind of a fun guy and a little kid myself inside, and I like having fun and making _____35_____smile, and they make me smile. ”
21. A. patients B. ladies C. adults D. partners
22. A. revise B. make C. draw D. cancel
23. A. nurse B. boy C. reporter D. doctor
24. A. set B. mix C. clean D. mess
25. A. preferred B. attempted C. continued D. recommended
26. A. finally B. personally C. confidently D. curiously
27. A. disappointed B. prepared C. pleased D. tired
28. A. advised B. inspired C. enabled D. allowed
29. A. broken B. strong C. extra D. bad
30. A. came along B. got on C. let off D. went by
31. A. sight B. distance C. base D. point
32. A. ugly B. smiley C. lonely D. smelly
33. A. view B. fact C. part D. comment
34. A. bring B. wish C. lend D. mail
35. A. hosts B. kids C. parents D. myself
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是一名医生给自己骨折小病人打的石膏上画一些肖像图，给孩子们带来了快乐，也给自己带来了快乐。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：医生为年轻患者定制他们最喜欢的卡通人物、运动队等的图像。A. patients病人；B. ladies女士；C. adults成年人；D. partners合作者。根据上文中的“Kids are often stressed and scared when they break a bone, but Luis Ruiz makes getting a cast(打石膏)fun at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles.”可知，在儿童医院发生的事情，这里指的是小患者。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约十年前，一个小男孩要求鲁伊斯在他的石膏上画一张快乐的笑脸。A. revise复习，修正；B. make使让，制造；C. draw绘画；D. cancel取消。根据下文中的“You know what, I’m really not good at drawing.”可知，鲁伊斯不擅长绘画，所以这里指的是小患者让他画画。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他告诉男孩，“你知道吗，我真的不擅长画画。我宁愿不要。我可能会搞砸它。”。A. nurse护士；B. boy男孩；C. reporter记者；D. doctor医生。根据上文中的“About ten years ago, a little boy asked Ruiz to ___2____ a happy face on his cast.”可知，这里指的是让他画画的小男孩儿。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉男孩，“你知道吗，我真的不擅长画画。我宁愿不要。我可能会搞砸它。”。A. set设置；B. mix混合；C. clean清洁；D. mess弄乱。根据上文中的“You know what, I’m really not good at drawing. I’d rather not.”可知，鲁伊斯不擅长画画，所以不想把事情搞砸。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：男孩继续坚持要笑脸，所以鲁伊斯最终同意了。A. preferred偏爱；B. attempted尝试；C. continued继续；D. recommended推荐。根据下文中的“…to insist on a smiley face…”可知，男孩很坚持，所以应为“继续”符合语境。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：男孩继续坚持要笑脸，所以鲁伊斯最终同意了。A. finally最后；B. personally个人地；C. confidently自信地；D. curiously好奇地。根据下文中的“The little boy was ___7___with the results.”可知，有了结果，那就是最后同意了男孩儿的请求。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：小男孩对结果很满意。A. disappointed失望的；B. prepared准备好的；C. pleased高兴的；D. tired疲惫的。根据下文中的““It lit him up!” Ruiz remembers.”可知，这件事使得鲁伊斯很开心，所以男孩应该对结果很满意，be pleased with意为“对……满意”符合语境。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这欢乐的时刻启发了鲁伊斯，他向所有骨折进医院的孩子们提供了石膏图。A. advised建议；B. inspired激励；C. enabled使够；D. allowed允许。根据上文中的“That moment of joy”并结合语境可知，此事给了鲁伊斯一些启发，所以才有了下文中的“…to offer cast drawings to all the kids who came into the hospital with ___9___bones.”。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这欢乐的时刻启发了鲁伊斯，他向所有骨折进医院的孩子们提供了石膏图。A. broken折的；B. strong强壮的；C. extra额外的；D. bad坏的。根据上文中的“Kids are often stressed and scared when they break a bone, but…”可知，此处指的是伤到骨头的孩子们。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“但随着时间的流逝，逐渐地我画得越来越好，以至于现在我几乎可以做他们要求的任何事情。”。A. came along出现，一起来；B. got on上车，进展；C. let off放出，宽恕；D. went by经过。根据下文中的“little by little”可知，此处指的是随着时间的推移，鲁伊斯画的越来越好。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“但随着时间的流逝，逐渐地我画得越来越好，以至于现在我几乎可以做他们要求的任何事情。”。A. sight视力；B. distance距离；C. base基础；D. point点，阶段。根据下文中where引导的定语从句“…where now I can almost do anything they ask for.”可知，此处指的是鲁伊斯绘画所能达到的阶段。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从第一张笑脸开始，鲁伊斯已经画了成千上万个肖像图，他说，最好的作用是“带来很多微笑”。A. ugly丑陋的；B. smiley微笑的；C. lonely孤独的；D. smelly发臭的。根据上文中的“The boy ___5____ to insist on a smiley face,”可知，此处指的是小男孩曾经让他画的第一个笑脸。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从第一张笑脸开始，鲁伊斯已经画了成千上万个模型，他说，最好的作用是“带来很多微笑”。A. view观点；B. fact事实；C. part角色，作用；D. comment评论。根据下文中的“…“bringing those smiles. ””可知，“给孩子们带来快乐”是绘画最大的作用和意义。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“孩子们只是给我带来快乐，”鲁伊斯补充道。“我是一个有趣的人，我自己内心也是一个小孩，我喜欢玩得开心，并且让孩子们微笑，他们也让我微笑。”。A. bring带来；B. wish希望；C. lend借出；D. mail邮寄。根据上文中的“…the best ___13___ , he says, is “bringing those smiles”.”可知，给孩子们带来快乐，孩子们也给鲁伊斯带来快乐。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“孩子们只是给我带来快乐，”鲁伊斯补充道。“我是一个有趣的人，我自己内心也是一个小孩，我喜欢玩得开心，并且让孩子们微笑，他们也让我微笑。”。A. hosts主人；B. kids孩子；C. parents父母；D. myself我自己。根据上文中的“That moment of joy ___8____ Ruiz to offer cast drawings to all the kids who came into the hospital with ____9___ bones.”可知，鲁伊斯作为儿科医院的一生，曾经的经历使他主动给孩子们在石膏上画孩子们喜欢的肖像图，给孩子们带来快乐。故选B项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Usually, if you first travel to Guilin in China for the first time, you are mostly advised ____36____(take) a ship to explore the wonderful Li River. By taking the ship, you can explore ____37____ whole river in the most relaxing way. And you needn’t worry ____38____ your luggage because you can take it with you all the way and avoid ____39____(get) wet. Taking the ship on Li River is also the only ____40____(choose) for the children less than 1.2 meters and the elderly, ____41____ (especial) the elders more than 70 years old, as you cannot take a bamboo raft(筏) on the Li River.
For the people ____42____ have already experienced the Li River cruise before, you can have a try about the bamboo rafts. You will still have an ____43____(impress) and pleasing experience about Li River by taking bamboo rafts, because the rafts will also sail through the most popular Nine Horses Fresco Hill, Yellow Cloth Shoal, Xingping Ancient Town, etc.
Hiking ____44____(recommend) for the hiking and photography fans and also the travelers who are curious about the local lifestyle or want a unique view of Li River. When walking around the riverbank, you have ____45____(much) chances to meet with local working fishermen than walking in other places of Li River.
【答案】36. to take
37. the 38. about
39 getting
40. choice 41. especially
42. who##that
43. impressive
44. is recommended
45. more
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。为第一次到桂林旅游的游客给出游玩建议。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：通常，如果你第一次到中国桂林旅游，建议你乘船游览美丽的漓江。分析句子结构可知，句中已含有一个谓语动词且没有连接词，此处使用非谓语动词，be advise to do sth“被建议做某事”符合题意，故填to take。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：乘坐这艘船，你可以以最放松的方式探索整条河。分析句子结构可知，可数名词river前缺少定冠词the表特指，故填the。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：你不必担心你的行李，因为你可以全程带着它，避免淋湿。动词短语worry about“替……担忧”符合句意，故填about。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：你不必担心你的行李，因为你可以全程带着它，避免淋湿。avoid doing sth“避免做某事”使用动名词作宾语，故填getting。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：在漓江乘船也是1.2米以下儿童和老人的唯一选择，尤其是70岁以上的老人，因为你不能乘坐竹筏在漓江上。根据设空前的定冠词the可知此处需要使用名词作表语，故填choice。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：在漓江乘船也是1.2米以下儿童和老人的唯一选择，尤其是70岁以上的老人，因为你不能乘坐竹筏在漓江上。分析句子结构可知，此处需要使用副词作状语，故填especially。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：对于已经体验过漓江游船的人来说，你可以试试竹筏。分析句子结构可知，此处使用了限制性定语从句，先行词为people指人，在从句中作主语，关系代词可以使用who或that，故填who/that。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：乘坐竹筏，您仍然会对漓江有令人印象深刻和愉悦的体验，因为竹筏还将穿过最受欢迎的九马壁画山、黄布浅滩、兴平古镇等。分析句子结构可知，此处要使用形容词与and后的pleasing共同充当定语，故填impressive。
【44题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：徒步旅行是为徒步旅行和摄影爱好者以及对当地生活方式感到好奇或想欣赏漓江独特景色的旅行者推荐的。陈述现阶段所发生的事情要使用一般现在时，主语hiking与recommend之间为被动关系，要使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语hiking为第三人称单数，故填is recommended。
【45题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：在河岸边散步时，与在漓江其他地方散步相比，你有更多机会与当地的工作渔民见面。根据下文中的than可知，此处要使用形容词的比较级作定语，故填more。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你将在下周一英语课堂上分享有关英语谚语(proverb)的话题。请你给外教Jack写一封电子邮件寻求帮助，内容包括：
1. 告知发言内容;
2. 请求给出建议;
3. 期待早日回复
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jack,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】参考范文：
Dear Jack,
I’ll talk about English proverbs in our English class next Monday. So I’m writing to seek your help.
I’ve found the English language is rich and varied from which I want to choose some vivid inspirational proverbs to share with my classmates. I plan to list a few of them, and then explain their use. But I don’t know which ones are more suitable for students. Can you give me some advice on the selection of the proverbs? Besides, I would appreciate it if you could tell me their exact meanings.
I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外教Jack写一封电子邮件寻求帮助，请求给出一些关于英语谚语的建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
生动的：vivid→ pictorial
此外：besides→ what’s more
感激：appreciate→ admire
期待：looking forward to→ long for
2.句式拓展
句型转换
原句：I’ve found the English language is rich and varied and I want to choose some vivid inspirational proverbs to share with my classmates.
拓展句：I’ve found the English language is rich and varied, from which I want to choose some vivid inspirational proverbs to share with my classmates.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’ve found the English language is rich and varied, from which I want to choose some vivid inspirational proverbs to share with my classmates.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Besides, I would appreciate it if you could tell me their exact meanings.(用运了if引导条件状语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was thirty years ago, and I was twenty years old as a new teacher in an elementary school in Toronto, Canada. My class was made up of thirty-eight kids, one of them named Mike. Mike was a street kid. He never knew his parents and lived with an uncaring grandmother. His clothing was in need of repair. He was ten years old and looked in bad health. Like most new, young teachers, I was full of enthusiasm and wanted to make a difference. I decided to reach out to help the kid in need.
So it was that early in September that my special “foster father(养父)” relationship with Mike began with the permission of his grandmother. I became the only parent figure he ever had. Each day, I’d take him for meals. I showed him how to repair clothes. I taught him a lot of new skills like using a computer, taking photos and knowing about nature. Mike would then help me teach the rest of the class these skills. We all had a lot of fun, and a kind of un-spoken trust began to build up between us. Surprisingly, he appeared eager to join in this new father-son relationship.
Early in our special relationship, Mike told me his dream. Most of the kids in the class wanted to be doctors, musicians, teachers or some such things, but not Mike. “I want to be a gangster(土匪), Mr. Kowalchuk!” he said. This was no joke—this was his wish, and he was most serious about it.
I believe all children have a gift. Everyone has the same chance to be the best person they can be. I realized this boy was smart, and that with a little love, attention, understanding, guidance and encouragement, he could probably achieve whatever he put his mind to. I explained to him that a good gangster had to read a large number of books on law in the law library and know criminal law(刑法) well like an excellent lawyer(律师). His young mind was eager and interested.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
If he wanted to be a “gangster” I would do something to help him.
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Years later, I got married and started a new life in another city.
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【答案】参考范文：
If he wanted to be a “gangster”, I would do something to help him. One Saturday morning, I took him to the law library in our town. When he walked in, he was amazed by the huge collection in the library and was soon lost in it. That was how we spent each Saturday morning in the following years. He became interested in learning laws. As he grew up to a senior high school student, he told me that his dream was not to be a gangster, but a famous lawyer. I was glad that he had his real dream for his life.
Years later, I got married and started a new life in another city. Sadly, I lost touch with Mike, but I often thought of him, wondering what his life was like in all these years. Then, one day I received a call, “Mr. Kowalchuk, I’m Mike. I really miss you.” Shocked, my eyes filled up with tears. I learned about his great change, from a street kid, who dreamed of becoming a gangster, to a famous lawyer in Canada. “I really appreciate your love,” Mike said. I was really very proud of him! As a teacher, I really made a difference to him.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一位老师和一个失去父母混迹街头的孩子Mike之间故事。Mike缺失爱，作者用养父般的爱去温暖他，与他建立了父子之间的信任。Mike从小的愿望是当一名土匪，作者引导他去读书，告诉他将来要当一名厉害的土匪，就得去读大量的法律书籍，引导他走上正途。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“如果他想成为一名“土匪”，我要做些事情来帮助他。”可知，第一段可描写作者想办法帮助Mike爱上读书，走上正途。
②由第二段首句内容“几年后，我结婚了，在另一个城市开始了新的生活。”可知，第二段可描写作者与Mike分开了之后，Mike的改变与成就，及Mike对这位父亲一般爱护他的老师的感恩。
2.续写线索：结识Mike——Mike表示将来相当土匪——引导Mike读法律书——成为律师——感恩老师
3.词汇激活
行为类
①走进：walk in/step in
②成长：grow up/develop
③与…失联：lose touch with/lose contact with
情绪类
①使惊讶：amaze/surprise
②感激：be grateful /express gratitude/appreciate
【点睛】[高分句型1]. As he grew up to a senior high school student, he told me that his dream was not to be a gangster, but a famous lawyer.（由as引导的时间状语从句和that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]. Shocked, my eyes filled up with tears. （形容词作状语）
[高分句型3]. I learned about his great change, from a street kid, who dreamed of becoming a gangster, to a famous lawyer in Canada.（由关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句）

听力答案：1~5 CACAC 6~10 BCCBA 11~15 BCBAA 16~20 CBABA