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2022-2023学年上海市行知中学高三（上）期末英语试卷(含答案解析)
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这是一份2022-2023学年上海市行知中学高三（上）期末英语试卷(含答案解析)，共23页。试卷主要包含了 Directins， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年上海市行知中学高三（上）期末英语试卷
1. Directions：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.
Video Games Foster Creativity？
Video games that foster creative freedom can increase creativity under certain conditions，according to new research from Iowa State University.The experimental study compared the effect f playing Mine-craft，with or without instruction，to watching a TV show or playing a race video game.Those (1) （ give） the freedom to play Mine-craft without instruction were most creative.
"It's not just that Mine-craft can help induce creativity.There seems to be something about choosing to do it that also matters，" said Douglas Gentile，a professor of psychology.
(2) you are not familiar with the game，Gentile says Mine-craft is like a virtual Lego world.The game，which has sold more than 100 million copies，allows players to explore unique worlds and create anything they can imagine.Study participants randomly assigned to play Mine-craft were split into two groups.The one receiving instruction was told to play as creatively as possible.
After 40 minutes of play or watching TV，the 352 participants completed several creativity tasks. (3) （ measure） creative production，they were asked to draw a creature from a world much different than Earth.More human like creature scored low for creativity and those less human-like scored high.Surprisingly，those instructed to be creative while playing Mine-craft were the (4) （ creative）.
Gentile says there's no clear explanation for this finding.In the paper published by Creativity Research Journal，he，Jorge Blanco-Hrrera，lead author and former master's student in psychology：and Jeffrey Rokkum，former Ph.D.student in psychology，outlined possible reasons why the instructed Mine-craft group scored lower.Blanco-Herrera says the instructions may have changed subjects' motivation for play.
" (5) （ tell） to be creative may have actually limited their options while playing，resulting in a less creative experience，" Blanco-Herrera said. "It's also possible they used all their 'creative juices' while playing and had (6) left when it came time to complete the test."
Video games can have both harmful and beneficial effects.Gentile's previous research has shown the amount，content and context and video games (7) （ influence） what players learn through repeated experiences. (8) much of Gentile's research has focused on aggression or pro-social behavior，he says the same appears to be true for creativity.
Most video games encourage players to practice some level of creativity.For example，players may create a character and story for role-playing games or be rewarded for creative strategies in competitive games.The researchers say even first-person shooter games (9) potentially inspire creativity as players think about strategy and look for advantages in combat.
"The research is starting to tell a more interesting，nuanced picture.Our results are similar to other gaming research (10) you get better at what you practice，but how you practice might matter just as much， " Gentile said.
(1)
(2)
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2. Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.spare B.respectable C.exhaust.D.accidental.E.designed.F.critics
G.advocates H.mine I.commercially J.relieving K.theoretically
Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology.They dream of placing enzymes（酶）in the automobile to monitor (1) and send data on pollution to a microprocessor that will then adjust the engine.They speak of what The New York Times calls "Metal-hungry microbes（微生物）that might be used to (2) valuable trace metals from ocean water." They have already demanded and won the right to patent new life forms.
Nervous (3) ，including many scientists，worry that there is corporate，national，international，and inter-scientific competition in the entire biotechnological field.They create images not of oil spills，but of "microbe spills"that could spread disease and destroy entire populations.The creation and (4) release of extremely poisonous microbes，however，is only one cause for alarm.Completely rational and (5) scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger（动摇）the imagination.
Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay，thereby (6) the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain？Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement，for example，creating pilots with faster reaction time or assembly-line workers (7) to do our monotonous work for us？Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate"unfit" babies？Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves，each of us having，as it were，a "savings bank" full of (8) kidneys，livers or hands？
Wild as these notions may sound，everyone has its (9) （ and opposers） in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application.As two critics of genetic engineering，Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard，state in their book Who Should Play God？ "Broad scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines，automobiles，vaccines，computers and all the other technologies.As each new genetic advance becomes (10) practical，a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created."
(1)
(2)
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Section A
Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Deliberation is not always the best option
Humans have developed over millions of years of evolution to respond to certain situations without thinking too hard.If your ancestors(3) movement in the undergrowth，they would run first and ask questions later.At the same time，the (4) to analyse and to plan is part of what distinguishes people from other animals.
The question of when to trust your gut（直觉）and when to test your(5)—whether to think fast or slow，in the language of Daniel Kahneman，a psychologist—(6) in the office as much as it does in the savannah（大草原）.
Deliberative thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace.Strategic changes and budget discussions are built on rounds of meetings，memos，formulas and presentations.Processes are increasingly designed to(7) instinctive responses.From blind screening of job applicants to using "red-teaming" techniques to pick apart a firm's plans，precision (8)instinct.
Yet instinct also has its place.Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and inherently（固有的）less (9) to analysis.Does a marketing campaign capture the (10) of your company，say，or would this person work well with other people in a team？In (11) customer-service situations，intuition is often a better guide to how to behave than a script.
Gut instincts can also be (12).Plenty of research has shown that intuition becomes more unfailing with experience.In one well-known experiment，conducted in 2012，volunteers were asked to (13) whether a selection of designer handbags were fake or real.Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate over their decision.Intuition worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags；indeed，it (14) analysis.The more expert you become，the better your instincts tend to be.
(15)，the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is，well，fast.Instinctive decision-making is often the only way to get through the day.Researchers at Cornell University once estimated that people make over 200 decisions a day about food alone.The workplace is (16) but a succession of choices，a few big and many small：what to (17)，when to intervene，whom to avoid in the lifts and，now，where to work each day.
3. A. uncovered B. spotted C. blocked D. encountered
4. A. capacity B. motive C. reluctance D. urge
5. A. consultation B. anticipation C. assumptions D. reaction
6. A. integrates B. matters C. works D. abuses
7. A. bring out B. pick out C. make out D. stamp out
8. A. equals B. comprises C. beats D. boosts
9. A. manageable B. adaptable C. familiar D. sensitive
10. A. attention B. opportunity C. status D. essence
11. A. rough B. tough C. nervous D. neutral
12. A. improved B. copied C. transferred D. weakened
13. A. ensure B. extinguish C. clarify D. assess
14. A. undertook B. outperformed C. facilitated D. paralleled
15. A. Likewise B. However C. Consequently D. Moreover
16. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
17. A. cooperate B. prioritize C. convince D. strive
D
Directions：Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
I had always been one of those quiet boys who preferred dreams to the real world.I was，in addition，absurdly shy，and therefore often mistaken for a fool，which upset me deeply.For nothing terrified me more than the prospect of correcting a false impression.Though I was often blamed by mistakes made by my classmates，I never dare to say a word in self-defense.I would simply go home to hide in a corner and cry.My greatest pleasure was to sit alone，reading，and let my thoughts drift away in the stories.
My daydreams were in sharp contrast to real life；they were full of adventures and heroic deeds. There was，for instance，a book about the history of the Roman Empire，in which an ambassador，while negotiating a treaty，was told that he was to accept the terms offered，on pain of death：his response was to plunge his arm into a fire and continue with his deliberations，in absolute calm.Inspired by his courage，I proceeded to test my own powers of resilience by plunging my own hand into the fire，only to burn my fingers badly.I can still see that ambassador，smiling calmly through his pain.Father hated my reading all the time，and sometimes he threw away my books.Some nights he refused to let me turn on the light in my bedroom.But I could always find a way，and after he caught me reading by the light of a string-wick lamp，he gave up and left me to it.
There was a time when I tried my hand at writing；indeed，I even made a few little poems，but I quickly abandoned my efforts.No matter what I had bottled up inside me，I was extremely anxious about letting it out，and so my adventures in writing ended.I did，however，carry on painting.There was，I thought，no risk of revealing anything personal.I just took something from the outside world and brought it to life on paper.Sometimes I did hide some personal expression in it，but I made sure that it was visible enough to be seen and trivial enough to be ignored.The first time I showed my painting to my father，he was caught in silence for a while and then he breathed deeply，and said：
"My son finally made something." Then here I am，as a teacher at the Academy of Fine Arts，wondering how everything happened，from my daydreams to painting.
（1）The sentence "They left marks on me." （in paragraph 2）means ______ .
A.daydreams did nothing but hurt the writer badly
B.daydreams influenced the writer's behavior in real life
C.the writer had lasting memory of the books he read
D.the writer couldn't distinguish books form reality
18. The writer gave up writing because ______ .
A. it was not as interesting as reading
B. he was too shy to reveal his inner world
C. he couldn't write good works
D. his father didn't like him writing
19. Throughout the passage what can we learn about the writer's father？ ______
A. He was impressed with his son's painting
B. He didn't like the personality of his son.
C. He was touched by his son's persistence in reading.
D. He had a high expectation of his son in writing.
20. The passage is mainly about ______ .
A. the power of reading
B. the writer's adventurous daydreams
C. reflection on the start of a career
D. the efforts made to be painter
E
"Essential oils can have a major impact on your mood and health.When you apply an oil to your skin，it affects your physical state.When you inhale them，it affects your mental state，" says the "grande dame" of aromatherapy Jeanne Rose，author of The Aromatherapy Book：Applications and Inhalations.
A few drops of eucalyptus on your skin will help heal a burn and smelling a pine tree might make you think of childhood Christmases.There are no rules for how to inhale oils.You can put a few drops on a tissue，or add some to water to spritz around the room or use in a diffuser（喷雾器）or vaporizer.
Be very careful，however，when applying oils to the skin.Always dilute them in another oil，like palm，coconut or olive to prevent burns or allergic reactions.
"A rule of thumb is 15 drops per one ounce of cream，oil or lotion，"says Sylla Sheppard-Hanger，the founder and director of Atlantic institute of Aromatherapy in Tampa，Florida.
HERE'S THE OIL TO REACH FOR WHEN YOU NEED TO：Digest a big meal：A few drops of diluted peppermint. "It calms down the digestive system，" Rose says.
Forget it's freezing outside： "Conifer oils，like pine，black spruce，cedar and Christmas fir，can help combat seasonal affective disorder when inhaled，" Rose says.Citrus oils like orange or tangerine，which are reminders of summertime，are also good.
Settle down after a big party：Sweet marjoram and lavender are sedatives. "They'll knock your kids right out，" Sheppard-Hanger says.
Get out of bed on a dark，cold morning：Peppermint，or any mint really，can provide a morning jolt when inhaled.
Kill germs：Spray citrus oils tree oils like pine，to help clean the air during sickness.
Decongest a nose：Eucalyptus，spruce or rosemary work for this.Try inhaling a few drops on a tissue to help with clogged nasal passages.
21. What kind of readers is likely to buy The Aromatherapy Book：Applications and Inhalations？ ______
A. Gardeners who provides raw materials for manufacturers of essential oils.
B. Researchers dedicated to inventing new essential oils to keep people in good health.
C. Common people hoping to improve health condition with essential oils.
D. Psychotherapist seeking treatments for serious mental and physical disorders.
22. What is the appropriate way of using essential oils？ ______
A. Spritz the oil directly around a room.
B. Mix them with cream in proportion.
C. Smell the fragrance from the bottle.
D. Apply oils to treat skin allergy.
23. The oils that can relieve your symptom of bad cold are ______ .
A. peppermint oils B. conifer oils
C. citrus oils D. spruce oils
F
By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms called phytoplankton.Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface.Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，reading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen.When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.But phytoplankton are to the ocean's warming trend.Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science，built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century.In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer.But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener. "Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing，" she said， "but the type of phytoplankton is changing."
And why does that matter？Phytoplankton are the base of the food web.If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean，Dutkiewicz said， "it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive." Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable，but they could mean significant changes. "It'll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change，" Dutkiewicz said， "but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals what we really have changed our planet."
24. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about？ ______
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
25. What does the underlined word "vulnerable" in Paragraph 3 probably mean？ ______
A. Sensitive. B. Beneficial. C. Significant. D. Unnoticeable.
26. What can we learn from the passage？ ______
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes.
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
27. What is the main purpose of the passage？ ______
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
Directions：Read the following passages.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A.Thus，creativity will be the most valuable thing in the future.
B.Customers are expected to pay more money for the extra-special qualities.
C.The internet，for example，has made such ads look old-fashioned.
D.It has made possible a situation in which customers can tell advertisers what they think.
E.Contrarily，there is almost certain to be an increase in every form of advertising in future
years.
F.The traditional TV advertising campaign will not reach the whole family any more.
The explosion of new media，ranging from the internet to digital television，means that people working in advertising will have to come up with more ways to catch the public's attention in the future. (1) No longer will all members be watching the same programme：some will be watching different channels on their own TVs，surfing the net or doing both at the same time.The advertising industry will have to work"harder and smarter to cut through the "mess"of the future with a wide range of new media，all competing to catch the consumers' eyes.
People have become more individual in their consumption of advertising.New technology has made experimenting with new forms of advertising possible.The monologue where the advertisement tells housewives that this is the washing powder they should buy is just a cliché （陈词滥调） now. (2) There is，consequently，little hope of them surviving for more than another twenty years.A much closer relationship with the consumer is gradually being created.
The definition of what constitutes advertising will expand well beyond the conventional mass media.Shopping environments will themselves become a part of the advertising process.Increasingly，they will exist not simply to sell goods，but also to entertain people and to make sure that they enjoy their time there.The aim will be to "warm" people towards these places so that they will return to purchase goods there again.
In spite of these and other changes，it is highly unlikely that TV，print and radio will disappear altogether as advertising media. (3) But other marketing strategies，such as public relations and direct marketing，will become as important as advertising.Advertising agencies will have to reinvent themselves.They will no longer be able simply to produce advertisements and then support these through PR，direct marketing or the internet.Instead，they will have to change the whole way they look at communication and start thinking about ideas which are not specific to one discipline.
(4) Originality of thinking has always been in short supply.It will continue to be so in the future.But there will be increasing coston the advertiser's ability to be imaginative and to think laterally about engaging the consumer in a broader variety of media.
28. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
29. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
30. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
31. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
32. Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
Absent-mindedness " Most events of absent-mindedness -forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room-are caused by a simple lack of attention，" says Dr.Daniel Schacter，a distinguished psychologist and memory scientist".you haven't encoded it deeply."
You're supposed to remember something，but "Encoding，" Schacter explains， "is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later." Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations.If you put your mobile phone in a pocket of a jacket，for example，and don't pay attention to what you did because you're involved in a conversation，you'll probably forget where exactly you put your mobile phone.Your memory itself isn't failing you.Rather，you didn't give your memory system the information it needed.
As many people accept，women have slightly better memories than men，possibly because they pay more attention to their environment，and memory relies on just that.Yes，visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness.But be sure the cue is clear and available.If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch，put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don't leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox，" says Zelinski，a scientist from New York University.There are many cases in life where women can remember prices of bags of different brands while they tend to forget the specific place where they put their bags.
_____________________________
33. 周末，乡间步道吸引了许多喜爱郊游的家庭。（appeal）（汉译英） ______
34. 网上信息参差不齐，有些只是为了博眼球而夸大其词。（which）（汉译英） ______
35. 经过三个月的翻新，报告厅配备了一流的视听设备，焕然一新。（take on）（汉译英） ______
36. 正是出门对这门手艺的热情，他从没想过放弃，即便学习过程令人怯步，练习后胳膊酸疼。（It）（汉译英） ______
37. Directions：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近在一本英语杂志上读到一篇文章，作者认为"第一印象在人际交往中非常重要"，你对此话题很感兴趣，写一封邮件给该杂志"读者来信"专栏，内容须包括：
1）你是否赞同作者的这一观点；
2）用具体事例说明你的观点。
答案和解析
1.【答案】【小题1】given
【小题2】If
【小题3】To measure
【小题4】least creative
【小题5】Being told
【小题6】nothing
【小题7】influence
【小题8】Although
【小题9】can
【小题10】in that
【解析】（1）考查过去分词。句意：那些在没有指导的情况下自由玩《地雷》游戏的人最具创造力。作Those的后置定语，表示被动关系，用give的过去分词，故填given。
（2）考查条件状语从句。句意：如果你不熟悉这款游戏，Gentile说Mine craft就像一个虚拟的乐高世界。根据句意可知用if 引导条件状语从句you are not familiar with the game，首字母大写，故填If。
（3）考查动词不定式。句意：为了衡量他们的创造性，他们被要求从一个与地球截然不同的世界中绘制一种生物。作目的状语，用动词不定式to measure，首字母大写，故填To measure。
（4）考查形容词的最高级。句意：令人惊讶的是，那些在玩Mine时被指示要有创造力的人是最不具创造力的。根据句意可知用least creative，表示"最没有创造力的"，故填least creative。
（5）考查动名词的被动。句意：被告知要有创造力，可能实际上限制了他们在比赛中的选择，导致了创造性体验的降低。作主语，表示"被告知"，用being told，首字母大写，故填Being told。
（6）考查不定代词。句意：也有可能他们在玩的时候用尽了所有的"创意汁"，到了完成测试的时候什么都没有了。根据句意可知表示"没有"，用nothing，故填nothing。
（7）考查时态。句意：Gentile先前的研究表明，电子游戏的数量、内容和背景以及电子游戏对玩家通过反复体验所学到的东西的影响。前后时态一致，用一般现在时；和主语the amount，content and context and video games一致，谓语动词用动词原形influence ，故填influence。
（8）考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管Gentile的大部分研究都集中在攻击性或亲社会行为上，但他表示，创造力似乎也是如此。引导让步状语从句，用although，首字母大写，故填Although。
（9）考查情态动词。句意：研究人员表示，即使是第一个做射击游戏的人，当玩家思考战略并在战斗中寻找优势时，也能够激发创造力。根据句意可知用情态动词can表示"能够"，故填can。
（10）考查原因状语从句。句意：我们的研究结果与其他游戏研究相似，因为你在练习时会变得更好，但练习的方式可能同样重要。根据句意可知表示"因为"，用in that，故填in that。
本文是一篇说明文。作者分析了电子游戏在培养创造力方面的作用。
语法填空的解题方法
1.有提示词填空的解题技巧
①给出的提示词是名词：要考虑是否填名词的复数形式以及该名词的形容词、副词形式。
②给出的提示词是动词：要认真分析句子的结构，理解句子的意思。
③给出的提示词是形容词：一般要考虑其副词形式以及比较级和最高级形式，同时还要关注是否要加表示否定或其它意义的前缀、后缀。
2.无提示词填空的解题技巧
按照考纲要求，无提示填空最多填3个单词，一般是填1个单词的，高考中考查的角度主要有：
①代词：这类设空比较少，通常是根据句子意思填一个与语境相关的代词（通常是指示代词），这就要同学们认真体会句子意思了，在没有头绪时大胆猜想是否是填代词。
②冠词：如果设空处后面是名词，那么可以考虑是否要填冠词，再根据句子意思分析是特指还是泛指，并填上合适的冠词，当然，在一些固定搭配中也会涉及冠词，这就要同学们做好积累。
2.【答案】【小题1】C
【小题2】H
【小题3】F
【小题4】D
【小题5】B
【小题6】J
【小题7】E
【小题8】A
【小题9】G
【小题10】I
【解析】（1）考查名词。句意：他们梦想在汽车中放置酶来监测废气，并将污染数据发送给微处理器，然后由微处理器调整发动机。分析可知，此处应填名词作动词monitor的宾语，结合句意可知，不可数名词exhaust"废气"符合题意。故选C。
（2）考查动词。句意：他们提到了《纽约时报》所说的"渴求金属的微生物，它们可能被用来从海水中开采有价值的微量金属。"根据不定式符号to可知，此处应填动词原形，结合句意可知，动词mine"开采"符合题意。故选H。
（3）考查可数名词复数。句意：紧张的评论家，包括许多科学家，担心在整个生物技术领域存在着企业、国家、国际和科学间的竞争。根据形容词nervous及后文谓语动词worry可知，此处应填可数名词复数形式作主语，结合句意可知，名词critics"评论家"符合题意。故选F。
（4）考查形容词。句意：然而，剧毒微生物的产生和意外释放只是引起警惕的原因之一。分析可知，此处应填形容词作定语，修饰后文名词release，结合句意可知，形容词accidental"意外的"符合题意。故选D。
（5）考查形容词。句意：完全理性和受人尊敬的科学家们正在谈论那些超乎想象的可能性。分析可知，此处应填形容词和and前的rational并列作定语，修饰后文名词scientists，结合句意可知，形容词respectable"值得尊敬的"符合题意。故选B。
（6）考查现在分词。句意：我们是否应该让人类拥有像牛一样的胃，这样他们就能消化草和干草，从而通过改变我们的饮食结构，使我们吃食物链下游的食物，从而重新解决食物问题？分析可知，此处应填动词，结合句意表示"解决"应用动词relieve，分析句子结构可知，此处应用现在分词作结果状语，故填relieving。故选J。
（7）考查过去分词。句意：我们是否应该从生理上改变工人以适应工作要求，例如，创造反应速度更快的飞行员或设计流水线工人为我们做单调的工作？根据句意表示"设计"应用动词design，分析句子结构可知，此处应用过去分词形式作后置定语，修饰前面的名词workers，故填designed。故选E。
（8）考查形容词。句意：我们是否应该为自己培养储备器官，让每个人都拥有一个装满备用肾脏、肝脏或双手的"储蓄银行"？分析可知，此处应填形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词短语kidneys，livers or hands，结合句意可知，形容词spare"备用的"符合题意。故选A。
（9）考查可数名词复数。句意：尽管这些概念听起来很疯狂，但在科学界，每个人都有它的支持者（和反对者），也有它惊人的商业应用。分析可知，形容词性物主代词its后应用名词作has的宾语，结合后文opposers可知，advocates"支持者"符合题意。故选G。
（10）考查副词。句意：随着每一项新的基因进展在商业上变得实用，新的消费者需求将被开发出来，新技术的市场也将被创造出来。分析可知，此处应填副词作状语，修饰后文形容词practical，结合句意可知，副词commercially"商业上地"符合题意。故选I。
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了科学家那些超乎想象的可能性可能会带来难以预料的后果。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法，判断词性
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境，确定词形
当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如动词的人称数，时态，语态，固定短语；名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。
3~17.【答案】B、A、C、B、D、C、A、D、B、A、D、B、B、C、B
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.uncovered揭露；B.spotted发现；C.blocked阻碍；D.encountered遭遇。句意：如果你的祖先发现灌木丛中有动静，他们会先跑，然后再问问题。由上文"Humans have developed over millions of years of evolution to respond to certain situations without thinking too hard."可知发现某些情况会立即作出反应，承接了前文所述内容。故选B项。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.capacity能力；B.motive原因，动机；C.reluctance勉强；D.urge冲动。句意：同时，分析和计划的能力也是人类区别于其他动物的部分原因。由本句"At the same time，the （2）to analyse and to plan is part of what distinguishes people from other animals."可知提到了人类与其他动物的区别，常识可知人类之所以要比其他动物高级，就是具有其他动物所不具备的某些方面的能力，故选A项。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.consultation磋商；B.anticipation期盼；C.assumptions假设；D.reaction反应。句意：什么时候该相信自己的直觉，什么时候该检验自己的假设——用心理学家Daniel Kahneman的话来说，是快速思考还是慢速思考——这个问题在办公室里和在大草原上一样要紧。慢速思考即是通过慢慢检验自己的假设，然后才作出判断。故选C项。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.integrates使结合；B.matters要紧；C.works工作；D.abuses虐待。句意：什么时候该相信自己的直觉，什么时候该检验自己的假设——用心理学家Daniel Kahneman的话来说，是快速思考还是慢速思考——这个问题在办公室里和在大草原上一样要紧。由文章第一段"If your ancestors___movement in the undergrowth，they would run first and ask questions later."可知祖先们遇到异常情况会先跑再问，是因为他们所生存的环境是非常险恶的，所以快速思考和慢速思考在大草原上很重要；文章第三段"Deliberative thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace"提到了深思熟虑在职场的重要性；文章第四段"Yet instinct also has its place."可知提到了本能在职场的一席之位。所以快速思考还是慢速思考在办公室和大草原一样要紧。故选B项。
（5）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.bring out拿出；B.pick out挑选；C.make out起草；D.stamp out消灭。句意：程序越来越多地被设计用来消灭本能反应。由上文"Strategic changes and budget discussions are built on rounds of meetings，memos，formulas and presentations."可知作出的决策全是深思熟虑后的结果，完全消灭了由本能所作出的反应。故选D项。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.equals等于；B.comprises包括；C.beats打败；D.boosts激励。句意：从盲目筛选求职者到使用"红色团队"技术来分析公司的计划，精确打败了直觉。故选C项。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.manageable可做到的；B.adaptable有适应能力的；C.familiar相似的；D.sensitive敏感的。句意：有些决定更多地与情绪反应有关，本质上难以进行分析。less manageable 是难做到的，符合题意，故选A项。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.attention注意；B.opportunity机会；C.status地位；D.essence精髓。句意：市场营销活动是否抓住了你公司的精髓，或者说，这个人是否能与团队中的其他人很好地合作？由本段第一句"Yet instinct also has its place."可知讲述了本能也站一席之地的；下句"In（9）customer-service situations，intuition is often a better guide to how to behave than a script."提到了直觉通常是更好的行为指南，可知空处表示"精髓"；故选D项。
（9）考查形容词及语境理解。A.rough粗糙的；B.tough棘手的；C.nervous神经紧张的；D.neutral中立的。句意：在棘手的客户服务情况下，直觉往往是比脚本更好的行为指南。空处表示的是"棘手的"，用tough。故选B项。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.improved改善；B.copied复制；C.transferred转移；D.weakened变弱。句意：直觉也可以得到改善。由下文"Plenty of research has shown that intuition becomes more unfailing with experience."可知大量的研究表明，直觉在经验的帮助下变得更加可靠，因为文章前面段落一直在强调很多情况下深思熟虑取代本能直觉，肯定是凭借直觉判断有很大不足才会被深思熟虑所取代，而本处提到了直觉在经验的帮助下会变更可靠，这个就是直觉的一个改善，故空处表示"改善"。故选A项。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.ensure确保；B.extinguish扑灭；C.clarify阐明；D.assess评定，评估。句意：在2012年进行的一个著名的实验中，志愿者被要求评估一些名牌手袋是假的还是真的。由本句"whether a selection of designer handbags were fake or real"可知提到了一些名牌手提袋的真假；下文"Intuition worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags；"对于那些至少拥有三个名牌手袋的人来说，直觉更有效，可推知本处是让他们评定这些手提袋的真假，拥有至少三个手提袋的人的直觉会更准，这个就是经验使直觉更可靠。故选D项。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.undertook承担；B.outperformed比……表现更好；C.facilitated促进；D.paralleled与……平行。句意：事实上，它的表现比分析更好。由上句"Intuition worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags"可知对于那些至少拥有三个名牌手袋的人来说，直觉更有效，故选B项。
（13）考查副词及语境理解。A.Likewise同样地；B.However然而；C.Consequently因此；D.Moreover此外。句意：然而，信奉快速思维的真正原因是，它确实很快。由上句"The more expert you become，the better your instincts tend to be."可知提到越专业的话直觉就越精确，那么精确度是我们应该信奉快速思维的原因吗？下文给出答案"the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is，well，fast."即信奉快速思维的真正原因是它很快，故推知空处表示"然而"，故选B项。
（14）考查不定代词及语境理解。A.anything任何事物；B.something某事；C.nothing没有什么；D.everything每一事物。句意：工作场所只不过是一连串的选择，有大有小：什么是优先处理的，什么时候介入，在电梯里避开谁，现在，每天在哪里工作。nothing but是固定搭配，译为"只不过是……"，符合题意。故选C项。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.cooperate合作；B.prioritize优先处理；C.convince使信服；D.strive奋斗。句意：工作场所只不过是一连串的选择，有大有小：什么是优先处理的，什么时候介入，在电梯里避开谁，现在，每天在哪里工作。空处表示"优先处理"，与后面句子构成排比，即什么是优先处理的，什么时候介入，在电梯里避开谁等等。故选B项。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们说明了深思熟虑并不总是最好的选择，某些时候，直觉的优势更大。
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
18~20.【答案】B、B、A
【解析】（1）句意猜测题。根据第二段My daydreams were in sharp contrast to real life；they were full of adventures and heroic deeds.（我的白日梦和现实形成对比；梦中充满了冒险和英雄的行为。）可知，他的这些白日梦对作者的真实世界有影响。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段No matter what I had bottled up inside me，I was extremely anxious about letting it out，and so my adventures in writing ended. （无论我在内心怎样想，我都极度担心将这些思想流露出来。因此我的写作冒险结束了。）可知，作者放弃写作是因为他太内向了，而不愿表露自己的心声。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段The first time I showed my painting to my father，he was caught in silence for a while and then he breathed deeply，and said："My son finally made something." （我第一次向父亲展示我的画时，他沉默了一会儿，然后深深地吸了一口气，说："我儿子终于有出息了。"）可知，他被儿子的绘画打动了，故选A。
（4）主旨大意题。根据文章内容，主要讲述了小时候的爱好对后天的工作将会产生很大的影响，故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己是一个安静，害羞，爱阅读，喜欢做白日梦的孩子，但这一切都为自己以后的工作奠定了基础。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
21~23.【答案】C、B、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。由文章第一段"Essential oils can have a major impact on your mood and health.When you apply an oil to your skin，it affects your physical state.When you inhale them，it affects your mental state，" says the "grande dame" of aromatherapy Jeanne Rose，author of The Aromatherapy Book：Applications and Inhalations.（精油对你的情绪和健康有很大的影响。当你把油涂在皮肤上时，它会影响你的身体状态。当你吸入它们时，它会影响你的精神状态，"芳香疗法的"贵妇人"珍妮•罗斯说，她是《芳香疗法书：应用和吸入》的作者。）可知希望用精油改善健康状况的普通人可能买珍妮•罗斯的书《芳香疗法书：应用和吸入》。所以答案为C项。
（2）细节理解题。由文章第四段"A rule of thumb is 15 drops per one ounce of cream，oil or lotion，"says Sylla Sheppard-Hanger，the founder and director of Atlantic institute of Aromatherapy in Tampa，Florida.（佛罗里达州坦帕市大西洋芳香疗法研究所的创始人兼主任西拉•谢泼德-汉格说："经验法则是每盎司面霜、油或乳液使用15滴。"）可知合适的使用方法是将精油和面霜按比例混合，所以答案为B项。
（3）细节理解题。由文章最后一段中的Decongest a nose：Eucalyptus，spruce or rosemary work for this.Try inhaling a few drops on a tissue to help with clogged nasal passages.（净化鼻子：桉树油、云杉油或迷迭香都可以。试着用纸巾吸几滴以帮助清理堵塞的鼻腔。）可知选项中可以缓解你重感冒症状的是云杉油。所以答案为D项。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了精油能够改善人们的健康状况并提供了使用指南。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
24~27.【答案】B、A、D、C
【解析】（1）B.段落大意题。根据第一段By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.可知，一项新的研究表明，到本世纪末，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿；结合第二段At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物）called phytoplankton.Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface.Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。可知，这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因，结合选项，故选B。
（2）A.词义猜测题。根据文章第三段Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。可知，浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，也就是很敏感。A．Sensitive敏感的；B．Beneficial有益的；C．Significant重要的；D．Unnoticeable没有注意到的。结合选项，故选A。
（3）D.推理判断题。根据文章第四段The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer.But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener.Dutkiewicz的模型预测，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。但是在一些水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了。由此可推断，浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。结合选项，故选D。
（4）C.目的意图题。根据文章第一段By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.一项新的研究表明，到本世纪末，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。接下来就详细讲述了其原因。因此，本文章主要是作者解释气候变化对海洋的影响，结合选项，故选C。
本文是一篇日常生活类阅读。一项最新研究表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象的原因是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案，现在浮游植物受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，让浮游植物的生长更加旺盛，所以海洋相应会变得更蓝、更绿。
考查日常生活类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。
28~31.【答案】F、C、E、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。上文The explosion of new media，ranging from the internet to digital television，means that people working in advertising will have to come up with more ways to catch the public's attention in the future.（从互联网到数字电视，新媒体的迅猛发展意味着广告业今后将不得不想出更多的办法来吸引公众的注意力。）引出主题，说明新媒体对广告业的影响，下文No longer will all members be watching the same programme：some will be watching different channels on their own TVs，surfing the net or doing both at the same time.（所有成员将不再观看同一节目：一些人将在自己的电视上看不同的频道，上网或两者都做。）说明传统电视广告对所有家庭成员影响减弱的原因，F项"传统的电视广告活动将不再影响到整个家庭。" 承上启下，说明传统的电视广告对人们的影响将会减弱，其中"the whole family"和下文的all members相呼应。故选F项。
（2）联系上文题。上文The monologue where the advertisement tells housewives that this is the washing powder they should buy is just a cliché（陈词滥调） now.（广告告诉家庭主妇们这是她们应该买的洗衣粉的独白现在只是陈词滥调。）说明独白的广告形式已经过时，C项"例如，互联网让这样的广告显得过时了。"举例说明新媒体使传统的广告形式显得过时，其中的"old-fashioned"和上文的" cliché"相呼应，承接上文，符合语境。故选C项。
（3）联系上文题。上文In spite of these and other changes，it is highly unlikely that TV，print and radio will disappear altogether as advertising media.（尽管发生了这些和其他变化，但电视、印刷和广播作为广告媒体将完全消失是极不可能的。）说明传统的广告媒体不可能完全消失，E项"相反，几乎可以肯定的是，在未来的几年里，各种形式的广告都会有增长。"承接上文，说明传统广告不仅不会消失，相反还可能有所增长，符合语境。故选E项。
（4）联系下文题。下文Originality of thinking has always been in short supply.（思维的独创性一直是稀缺的。）说明创造性思维很珍贵的原因，A项"因此，创造力将是未来最有价值的东西。"说明创造性思维很重要，引出下文，是本段的主旨，符合语境。故选A项。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新媒体的发展对传统广告业的影响。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
32.【答案】Lack of attention or interest can result in absent-mindedness.（缺乏注意力或兴趣会导致心不在焉。）Lack of attention refers either to not giving information to your memory system effectively for you to recall it later or to not recognizing visual cues in the environment，in which case the cue should be visual and approachable.【高分句型一】（什么是缺乏注意力）Lack of interest causes us to forget what might otherwise be remembered.【高分句型二】（缺乏兴趣的危害）
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了缺乏注意力或兴趣的原因和危害。
高分句型一：Lack of attention refers either to not giving information to your memory system effectively for you to recall it later or to not recognizing visual cues in the environment，in which case the cue should be visual and approachable.
译文：缺乏注意力是指没有有效地将信息提供给你的记忆系统，以便你以后回忆，或者没有识别出环境中的视觉线索，在这种情况下，线索应该是视觉的、可接近的。
分析：这句话使用了in which case引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：Lack of interest causes us to forget what might otherwise be remembered.
译文：缺乏兴趣会让我们忘记原本可能被记住的东西。
分析：这句话使用了what引导的宾语从句。
概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
33.【答案】On/ At weekends/ the weekend，the trails in the countryside appeal to many families fond of an outing/ an excursion.
【解析】在周末on/ at weekends/ the weekend，作状语；乡间步道the trails in the countryside，作主语；吸引appeal to，作谓语，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时；"喜爱……的"be fond of…，作后置定语，修饰many families；郊游an outing/ an excursion，作宾语。
故填：On/ At weekends/ the weekend，the trails in the countryside appeal to many families fond of an outing/ an excursion。
周末，乡间步道吸引了许多喜爱郊游的家庭。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
34.【答案】There is a lot of misleading/false/incorrect information online，some of which is exaggerated/ overstated to grab your attention.
【解析】网上信息参差不齐There is a lot of misleading/false/incorrect information online，有些some of which，用which引导非限制性定语从句，为了博眼球to grab your attention，夸大其词be exaggerated/ overstated，句子描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时。
故填：There is a lot of misleading/false/incorrect information online，some of which is exaggerated/ overstated to grab your attention.
网上信息参差不齐，有些只是为了博眼球而夸大其词。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
35.【答案】After the three-month restoration/renovation/update，the lecture hall/auditorium is equipped with/has been equipped with the top-class visual and audio equipment/facilities，taking on a new look.
【解析】经过三个月的翻新After the three-month restoration/renovation/update，报告厅the lecture hall/auditorium ，配备了 is equipped with/has been equipped with，一流的视听设备the top-class visual and audio equipment/ facilities，焕然一新taking on a new look。根据句意可以用一般现在时或现在完成时。
故填：After the three-month restoration/renovation/update，the lecture hall/auditorium is equipped with/has been equipped with the top-class visual and audio equipment/ facilities，taking on a new look。
经过三个月的翻新，报告厅配备了一流的视听设备，焕然一新。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
36.【答案】It was due to his enthusiasm/ passion for the craft that he had never thought about giving up even if/though the learning process was daunting/ discouraging and his arms were sore after practice.
【解析】强调句型It was +被强调部分+that +其他的结构。此处强调句子状语"正是出门对这门手艺的热情"，出于due to，对于……的热情one's enthusiasm/ passion for…；想过think about，结合句意主句动作发生在从句动作之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时；放弃give up；即便even if/though，引导让步状语从句；学习过程the learning process，令人怯步的daunting/ discouraging，酸疼的sore。
故填：It was due to his enthusiasm/ passion for the craft that he had never thought about giving up even if/though the learning process was daunting/ discouraging and his arms were sore after practice。
正是出门对这门手艺的热情，他从没想过放弃，即便学习过程令人怯步，练习后胳膊酸疼。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
37.【答案】Dear editor，
I have read a passage from your magazine about the first impression in interpersonal relationships.I am really interested in it and writing to share my opinions with you.（是否赞同作者的这一观点）
To begin with，I strongly support the idea that the first impression is of great importance in interpersonal relationships.【高分句型一】As the saying goes， "A good beginning is half done".A good first impression can make things easier later.For example，a candidate always wants to show his best during an interview so that it will be more likely for him to get the offer.【高分句型二】When it comes to making new friends，nobody wants to talk to those who behave rudely when they meet for the first time.（具体事例说明你的观点）
Before we know others deeply，we can only judge whether we want to make friends or cooperate with them according to the first impression they have made，so the first impression is important.
Yours，
Li Ming
【解析】高分句型一
To begin with，I strongly support the idea that the first impression is of great importance in interpersonal relationships.
翻译：首先，我强烈支持第一印象在人际关系中非常重要的观点。
分析：运用了that引导的同位语从句。
高分句型二
For example，a candidate always wants to show his best during an interview so that it will be more likely for him to get the offer.
翻译：例如，一个候选人总是想在面试中展示他最好的一面，这样他就更有可能得到这份工作。
分析：运用了so that句型来引导状语从句。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
2022-2023学年上海市行知中学高三（上）期末英语试卷
1. Directions：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.
Video Games Foster Creativity？
Video games that foster creative freedom can increase creativity under certain conditions，according to new research from Iowa State University.The experimental study compared the effect f playing Mine-craft，with or without instruction，to watching a TV show or playing a race video game.Those (1) （ give） the freedom to play Mine-craft without instruction were most creative.
"It's not just that Mine-craft can help induce creativity.There seems to be something about choosing to do it that also matters，" said Douglas Gentile，a professor of psychology.
(2) you are not familiar with the game，Gentile says Mine-craft is like a virtual Lego world.The game，which has sold more than 100 million copies，allows players to explore unique worlds and create anything they can imagine.Study participants randomly assigned to play Mine-craft were split into two groups.The one receiving instruction was told to play as creatively as possible.
After 40 minutes of play or watching TV，the 352 participants completed several creativity tasks. (3) （ measure） creative production，they were asked to draw a creature from a world much different than Earth.More human like creature scored low for creativity and those less human-like scored high.Surprisingly，those instructed to be creative while playing Mine-craft were the (4) （ creative）.
Gentile says there's no clear explanation for this finding.In the paper published by Creativity Research Journal，he，Jorge Blanco-Hrrera，lead author and former master's student in psychology：and Jeffrey Rokkum，former Ph.D.student in psychology，outlined possible reasons why the instructed Mine-craft group scored lower.Blanco-Herrera says the instructions may have changed subjects' motivation for play.
" (5) （ tell） to be creative may have actually limited their options while playing，resulting in a less creative experience，" Blanco-Herrera said. "It's also possible they used all their 'creative juices' while playing and had (6) left when it came time to complete the test."
Video games can have both harmful and beneficial effects.Gentile's previous research has shown the amount，content and context and video games (7) （ influence） what players learn through repeated experiences. (8) much of Gentile's research has focused on aggression or pro-social behavior，he says the same appears to be true for creativity.
Most video games encourage players to practice some level of creativity.For example，players may create a character and story for role-playing games or be rewarded for creative strategies in competitive games.The researchers say even first-person shooter games (9) potentially inspire creativity as players think about strategy and look for advantages in combat.
"The research is starting to tell a more interesting，nuanced picture.Our results are similar to other gaming research (10) you get better at what you practice，but how you practice might matter just as much， " Gentile said.
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2. Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.spare B.respectable C.exhaust.D.accidental.E.designed.F.critics
G.advocates H.mine I.commercially J.relieving K.theoretically
Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology.They dream of placing enzymes（酶）in the automobile to monitor (1) and send data on pollution to a microprocessor that will then adjust the engine.They speak of what The New York Times calls "Metal-hungry microbes（微生物）that might be used to (2) valuable trace metals from ocean water." They have already demanded and won the right to patent new life forms.
Nervous (3) ，including many scientists，worry that there is corporate，national，international，and inter-scientific competition in the entire biotechnological field.They create images not of oil spills，but of "microbe spills"that could spread disease and destroy entire populations.The creation and (4) release of extremely poisonous microbes，however，is only one cause for alarm.Completely rational and (5) scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger（动摇）the imagination.
Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay，thereby (6) the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain？Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement，for example，creating pilots with faster reaction time or assembly-line workers (7) to do our monotonous work for us？Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate"unfit" babies？Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves，each of us having，as it were，a "savings bank" full of (8) kidneys，livers or hands？
Wild as these notions may sound，everyone has its (9) （ and opposers） in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application.As two critics of genetic engineering，Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard，state in their book Who Should Play God？ "Broad scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines，automobiles，vaccines，computers and all the other technologies.As each new genetic advance becomes (10) practical，a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created."
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Section A
Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Deliberation is not always the best option
Humans have developed over millions of years of evolution to respond to certain situations without thinking too hard.If your ancestors(3) movement in the undergrowth，they would run first and ask questions later.At the same time，the (4) to analyse and to plan is part of what distinguishes people from other animals.
The question of when to trust your gut（直觉）and when to test your(5)—whether to think fast or slow，in the language of Daniel Kahneman，a psychologist—(6) in the office as much as it does in the savannah（大草原）.
Deliberative thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace.Strategic changes and budget discussions are built on rounds of meetings，memos，formulas and presentations.Processes are increasingly designed to(7) instinctive responses.From blind screening of job applicants to using "red-teaming" techniques to pick apart a firm's plans，precision (8)instinct.
Yet instinct also has its place.Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and inherently（固有的）less (9) to analysis.Does a marketing campaign capture the (10) of your company，say，or would this person work well with other people in a team？In (11) customer-service situations，intuition is often a better guide to how to behave than a script.
Gut instincts can also be (12).Plenty of research has shown that intuition becomes more unfailing with experience.In one well-known experiment，conducted in 2012，volunteers were asked to (13) whether a selection of designer handbags were fake or real.Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate over their decision.Intuition worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags；indeed，it (14) analysis.The more expert you become，the better your instincts tend to be.
(15)，the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is，well，fast.Instinctive decision-making is often the only way to get through the day.Researchers at Cornell University once estimated that people make over 200 decisions a day about food alone.The workplace is (16) but a succession of choices，a few big and many small：what to (17)，when to intervene，whom to avoid in the lifts and，now，where to work each day.
3. A. uncovered B. spotted C. blocked D. encountered
4. A. capacity B. motive C. reluctance D. urge
5. A. consultation B. anticipation C. assumptions D. reaction
6. A. integrates B. matters C. works D. abuses
7. A. bring out B. pick out C. make out D. stamp out
8. A. equals B. comprises C. beats D. boosts
9. A. manageable B. adaptable C. familiar D. sensitive
10. A. attention B. opportunity C. status D. essence
11. A. rough B. tough C. nervous D. neutral
12. A. improved B. copied C. transferred D. weakened
13. A. ensure B. extinguish C. clarify D. assess
14. A. undertook B. outperformed C. facilitated D. paralleled
15. A. Likewise B. However C. Consequently D. Moreover
16. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
17. A. cooperate B. prioritize C. convince D. strive
D
Directions：Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
I had always been one of those quiet boys who preferred dreams to the real world.I was，in addition，absurdly shy，and therefore often mistaken for a fool，which upset me deeply.For nothing terrified me more than the prospect of correcting a false impression.Though I was often blamed by mistakes made by my classmates，I never dare to say a word in self-defense.I would simply go home to hide in a corner and cry.My greatest pleasure was to sit alone，reading，and let my thoughts drift away in the stories.
My daydreams were in sharp contrast to real life；they were full of adventures and heroic deeds. There was，for instance，a book about the history of the Roman Empire，in which an ambassador，while negotiating a treaty，was told that he was to accept the terms offered，on pain of death：his response was to plunge his arm into a fire and continue with his deliberations，in absolute calm.Inspired by his courage，I proceeded to test my own powers of resilience by plunging my own hand into the fire，only to burn my fingers badly.I can still see that ambassador，smiling calmly through his pain.Father hated my reading all the time，and sometimes he threw away my books.Some nights he refused to let me turn on the light in my bedroom.But I could always find a way，and after he caught me reading by the light of a string-wick lamp，he gave up and left me to it.
There was a time when I tried my hand at writing；indeed，I even made a few little poems，but I quickly abandoned my efforts.No matter what I had bottled up inside me，I was extremely anxious about letting it out，and so my adventures in writing ended.I did，however，carry on painting.There was，I thought，no risk of revealing anything personal.I just took something from the outside world and brought it to life on paper.Sometimes I did hide some personal expression in it，but I made sure that it was visible enough to be seen and trivial enough to be ignored.The first time I showed my painting to my father，he was caught in silence for a while and then he breathed deeply，and said：
"My son finally made something." Then here I am，as a teacher at the Academy of Fine Arts，wondering how everything happened，from my daydreams to painting.
（1）The sentence "They left marks on me." （in paragraph 2）means ______ .
A.daydreams did nothing but hurt the writer badly
B.daydreams influenced the writer's behavior in real life
C.the writer had lasting memory of the books he read
D.the writer couldn't distinguish books form reality
18. The writer gave up writing because ______ .
A. it was not as interesting as reading
B. he was too shy to reveal his inner world
C. he couldn't write good works
D. his father didn't like him writing
19. Throughout the passage what can we learn about the writer's father？ ______
A. He was impressed with his son's painting
B. He didn't like the personality of his son.
C. He was touched by his son's persistence in reading.
D. He had a high expectation of his son in writing.
20. The passage is mainly about ______ .
A. the power of reading
B. the writer's adventurous daydreams
C. reflection on the start of a career
D. the efforts made to be painter
E
"Essential oils can have a major impact on your mood and health.When you apply an oil to your skin，it affects your physical state.When you inhale them，it affects your mental state，" says the "grande dame" of aromatherapy Jeanne Rose，author of The Aromatherapy Book：Applications and Inhalations.
A few drops of eucalyptus on your skin will help heal a burn and smelling a pine tree might make you think of childhood Christmases.There are no rules for how to inhale oils.You can put a few drops on a tissue，or add some to water to spritz around the room or use in a diffuser（喷雾器）or vaporizer.
Be very careful，however，when applying oils to the skin.Always dilute them in another oil，like palm，coconut or olive to prevent burns or allergic reactions.
"A rule of thumb is 15 drops per one ounce of cream，oil or lotion，"says Sylla Sheppard-Hanger，the founder and director of Atlantic institute of Aromatherapy in Tampa，Florida.
HERE'S THE OIL TO REACH FOR WHEN YOU NEED TO：Digest a big meal：A few drops of diluted peppermint. "It calms down the digestive system，" Rose says.
Forget it's freezing outside： "Conifer oils，like pine，black spruce，cedar and Christmas fir，can help combat seasonal affective disorder when inhaled，" Rose says.Citrus oils like orange or tangerine，which are reminders of summertime，are also good.
Settle down after a big party：Sweet marjoram and lavender are sedatives. "They'll knock your kids right out，" Sheppard-Hanger says.
Get out of bed on a dark，cold morning：Peppermint，or any mint really，can provide a morning jolt when inhaled.
Kill germs：Spray citrus oils tree oils like pine，to help clean the air during sickness.
Decongest a nose：Eucalyptus，spruce or rosemary work for this.Try inhaling a few drops on a tissue to help with clogged nasal passages.
21. What kind of readers is likely to buy The Aromatherapy Book：Applications and Inhalations？ ______
A. Gardeners who provides raw materials for manufacturers of essential oils.
B. Researchers dedicated to inventing new essential oils to keep people in good health.
C. Common people hoping to improve health condition with essential oils.
D. Psychotherapist seeking treatments for serious mental and physical disorders.
22. What is the appropriate way of using essential oils？ ______
A. Spritz the oil directly around a room.
B. Mix them with cream in proportion.
C. Smell the fragrance from the bottle.
D. Apply oils to treat skin allergy.
23. The oils that can relieve your symptom of bad cold are ______ .
A. peppermint oils B. conifer oils
C. citrus oils D. spruce oils
F
By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms called phytoplankton.Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface.Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，reading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen.When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.But phytoplankton are to the ocean's warming trend.Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science，built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century.In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer.But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener. "Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing，" she said， "but the type of phytoplankton is changing."
And why does that matter？Phytoplankton are the base of the food web.If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean，Dutkiewicz said， "it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive." Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable，but they could mean significant changes. "It'll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change，" Dutkiewicz said， "but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals what we really have changed our planet."
24. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about？ ______
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
25. What does the underlined word "vulnerable" in Paragraph 3 probably mean？ ______
A. Sensitive. B. Beneficial. C. Significant. D. Unnoticeable.
26. What can we learn from the passage？ ______
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes.
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
27. What is the main purpose of the passage？ ______
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
Directions：Read the following passages.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A.Thus，creativity will be the most valuable thing in the future.
B.Customers are expected to pay more money for the extra-special qualities.
C.The internet，for example，has made such ads look old-fashioned.
D.It has made possible a situation in which customers can tell advertisers what they think.
E.Contrarily，there is almost certain to be an increase in every form of advertising in future
years.
F.The traditional TV advertising campaign will not reach the whole family any more.
The explosion of new media，ranging from the internet to digital television，means that people working in advertising will have to come up with more ways to catch the public's attention in the future. (1) No longer will all members be watching the same programme：some will be watching different channels on their own TVs，surfing the net or doing both at the same time.The advertising industry will have to work"harder and smarter to cut through the "mess"of the future with a wide range of new media，all competing to catch the consumers' eyes.
People have become more individual in their consumption of advertising.New technology has made experimenting with new forms of advertising possible.The monologue where the advertisement tells housewives that this is the washing powder they should buy is just a cliché （陈词滥调） now. (2) There is，consequently，little hope of them surviving for more than another twenty years.A much closer relationship with the consumer is gradually being created.
The definition of what constitutes advertising will expand well beyond the conventional mass media.Shopping environments will themselves become a part of the advertising process.Increasingly，they will exist not simply to sell goods，but also to entertain people and to make sure that they enjoy their time there.The aim will be to "warm" people towards these places so that they will return to purchase goods there again.
In spite of these and other changes，it is highly unlikely that TV，print and radio will disappear altogether as advertising media. (3) But other marketing strategies，such as public relations and direct marketing，will become as important as advertising.Advertising agencies will have to reinvent themselves.They will no longer be able simply to produce advertisements and then support these through PR，direct marketing or the internet.Instead，they will have to change the whole way they look at communication and start thinking about ideas which are not specific to one discipline.
(4) Originality of thinking has always been in short supply.It will continue to be so in the future.But there will be increasing coston the advertiser's ability to be imaginative and to think laterally about engaging the consumer in a broader variety of media.
28. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
29. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
30. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
31. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
32. Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
Absent-mindedness " Most events of absent-mindedness -forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room-are caused by a simple lack of attention，" says Dr.Daniel Schacter，a distinguished psychologist and memory scientist".you haven't encoded it deeply."
You're supposed to remember something，but "Encoding，" Schacter explains， "is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later." Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations.If you put your mobile phone in a pocket of a jacket，for example，and don't pay attention to what you did because you're involved in a conversation，you'll probably forget where exactly you put your mobile phone.Your memory itself isn't failing you.Rather，you didn't give your memory system the information it needed.
As many people accept，women have slightly better memories than men，possibly because they pay more attention to their environment，and memory relies on just that.Yes，visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness.But be sure the cue is clear and available.If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch，put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don't leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox，" says Zelinski，a scientist from New York University.There are many cases in life where women can remember prices of bags of different brands while they tend to forget the specific place where they put their bags.
_____________________________
33. 周末，乡间步道吸引了许多喜爱郊游的家庭。（appeal）（汉译英） ______
34. 网上信息参差不齐，有些只是为了博眼球而夸大其词。（which）（汉译英） ______
35. 经过三个月的翻新，报告厅配备了一流的视听设备，焕然一新。（take on）（汉译英） ______
36. 正是出门对这门手艺的热情，他从没想过放弃，即便学习过程令人怯步，练习后胳膊酸疼。（It）（汉译英） ______
37. Directions：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近在一本英语杂志上读到一篇文章，作者认为"第一印象在人际交往中非常重要"，你对此话题很感兴趣，写一封邮件给该杂志"读者来信"专栏，内容须包括：
1）你是否赞同作者的这一观点；
2）用具体事例说明你的观点。
答案和解析
1.【答案】【小题1】given
【小题2】If
【小题3】To measure
【小题4】least creative
【小题5】Being told
【小题6】nothing
【小题7】influence
【小题8】Although
【小题9】can
【小题10】in that
【解析】（1）考查过去分词。句意：那些在没有指导的情况下自由玩《地雷》游戏的人最具创造力。作Those的后置定语，表示被动关系，用give的过去分词，故填given。
（2）考查条件状语从句。句意：如果你不熟悉这款游戏，Gentile说Mine craft就像一个虚拟的乐高世界。根据句意可知用if 引导条件状语从句you are not familiar with the game，首字母大写，故填If。
（3）考查动词不定式。句意：为了衡量他们的创造性，他们被要求从一个与地球截然不同的世界中绘制一种生物。作目的状语，用动词不定式to measure，首字母大写，故填To measure。
（4）考查形容词的最高级。句意：令人惊讶的是，那些在玩Mine时被指示要有创造力的人是最不具创造力的。根据句意可知用least creative，表示"最没有创造力的"，故填least creative。
（5）考查动名词的被动。句意：被告知要有创造力，可能实际上限制了他们在比赛中的选择，导致了创造性体验的降低。作主语，表示"被告知"，用being told，首字母大写，故填Being told。
（6）考查不定代词。句意：也有可能他们在玩的时候用尽了所有的"创意汁"，到了完成测试的时候什么都没有了。根据句意可知表示"没有"，用nothing，故填nothing。
（7）考查时态。句意：Gentile先前的研究表明，电子游戏的数量、内容和背景以及电子游戏对玩家通过反复体验所学到的东西的影响。前后时态一致，用一般现在时；和主语the amount，content and context and video games一致，谓语动词用动词原形influence ，故填influence。
（8）考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管Gentile的大部分研究都集中在攻击性或亲社会行为上，但他表示，创造力似乎也是如此。引导让步状语从句，用although，首字母大写，故填Although。
（9）考查情态动词。句意：研究人员表示，即使是第一个做射击游戏的人，当玩家思考战略并在战斗中寻找优势时，也能够激发创造力。根据句意可知用情态动词can表示"能够"，故填can。
（10）考查原因状语从句。句意：我们的研究结果与其他游戏研究相似，因为你在练习时会变得更好，但练习的方式可能同样重要。根据句意可知表示"因为"，用in that，故填in that。
本文是一篇说明文。作者分析了电子游戏在培养创造力方面的作用。
语法填空的解题方法
1.有提示词填空的解题技巧
①给出的提示词是名词：要考虑是否填名词的复数形式以及该名词的形容词、副词形式。
②给出的提示词是动词：要认真分析句子的结构，理解句子的意思。
③给出的提示词是形容词：一般要考虑其副词形式以及比较级和最高级形式，同时还要关注是否要加表示否定或其它意义的前缀、后缀。
2.无提示词填空的解题技巧
按照考纲要求，无提示填空最多填3个单词，一般是填1个单词的，高考中考查的角度主要有：
①代词：这类设空比较少，通常是根据句子意思填一个与语境相关的代词（通常是指示代词），这就要同学们认真体会句子意思了，在没有头绪时大胆猜想是否是填代词。
②冠词：如果设空处后面是名词，那么可以考虑是否要填冠词，再根据句子意思分析是特指还是泛指，并填上合适的冠词，当然，在一些固定搭配中也会涉及冠词，这就要同学们做好积累。
2.【答案】【小题1】C
【小题2】H
【小题3】F
【小题4】D
【小题5】B
【小题6】J
【小题7】E
【小题8】A
【小题9】G
【小题10】I
【解析】（1）考查名词。句意：他们梦想在汽车中放置酶来监测废气，并将污染数据发送给微处理器，然后由微处理器调整发动机。分析可知，此处应填名词作动词monitor的宾语，结合句意可知，不可数名词exhaust"废气"符合题意。故选C。
（2）考查动词。句意：他们提到了《纽约时报》所说的"渴求金属的微生物，它们可能被用来从海水中开采有价值的微量金属。"根据不定式符号to可知，此处应填动词原形，结合句意可知，动词mine"开采"符合题意。故选H。
（3）考查可数名词复数。句意：紧张的评论家，包括许多科学家，担心在整个生物技术领域存在着企业、国家、国际和科学间的竞争。根据形容词nervous及后文谓语动词worry可知，此处应填可数名词复数形式作主语，结合句意可知，名词critics"评论家"符合题意。故选F。
（4）考查形容词。句意：然而，剧毒微生物的产生和意外释放只是引起警惕的原因之一。分析可知，此处应填形容词作定语，修饰后文名词release，结合句意可知，形容词accidental"意外的"符合题意。故选D。
（5）考查形容词。句意：完全理性和受人尊敬的科学家们正在谈论那些超乎想象的可能性。分析可知，此处应填形容词和and前的rational并列作定语，修饰后文名词scientists，结合句意可知，形容词respectable"值得尊敬的"符合题意。故选B。
（6）考查现在分词。句意：我们是否应该让人类拥有像牛一样的胃，这样他们就能消化草和干草，从而通过改变我们的饮食结构，使我们吃食物链下游的食物，从而重新解决食物问题？分析可知，此处应填动词，结合句意表示"解决"应用动词relieve，分析句子结构可知，此处应用现在分词作结果状语，故填relieving。故选J。
（7）考查过去分词。句意：我们是否应该从生理上改变工人以适应工作要求，例如，创造反应速度更快的飞行员或设计流水线工人为我们做单调的工作？根据句意表示"设计"应用动词design，分析句子结构可知，此处应用过去分词形式作后置定语，修饰前面的名词workers，故填designed。故选E。
（8）考查形容词。句意：我们是否应该为自己培养储备器官，让每个人都拥有一个装满备用肾脏、肝脏或双手的"储蓄银行"？分析可知，此处应填形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词短语kidneys，livers or hands，结合句意可知，形容词spare"备用的"符合题意。故选A。
（9）考查可数名词复数。句意：尽管这些概念听起来很疯狂，但在科学界，每个人都有它的支持者（和反对者），也有它惊人的商业应用。分析可知，形容词性物主代词its后应用名词作has的宾语，结合后文opposers可知，advocates"支持者"符合题意。故选G。
（10）考查副词。句意：随着每一项新的基因进展在商业上变得实用，新的消费者需求将被开发出来，新技术的市场也将被创造出来。分析可知，此处应填副词作状语，修饰后文形容词practical，结合句意可知，副词commercially"商业上地"符合题意。故选I。
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了科学家那些超乎想象的可能性可能会带来难以预料的后果。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法，判断词性
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境，确定词形
当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如动词的人称数，时态，语态，固定短语；名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。
3~17.【答案】B、A、C、B、D、C、A、D、B、A、D、B、B、C、B
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.uncovered揭露；B.spotted发现；C.blocked阻碍；D.encountered遭遇。句意：如果你的祖先发现灌木丛中有动静，他们会先跑，然后再问问题。由上文"Humans have developed over millions of years of evolution to respond to certain situations without thinking too hard."可知发现某些情况会立即作出反应，承接了前文所述内容。故选B项。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.capacity能力；B.motive原因，动机；C.reluctance勉强；D.urge冲动。句意：同时，分析和计划的能力也是人类区别于其他动物的部分原因。由本句"At the same time，the （2）to analyse and to plan is part of what distinguishes people from other animals."可知提到了人类与其他动物的区别，常识可知人类之所以要比其他动物高级，就是具有其他动物所不具备的某些方面的能力，故选A项。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.consultation磋商；B.anticipation期盼；C.assumptions假设；D.reaction反应。句意：什么时候该相信自己的直觉，什么时候该检验自己的假设——用心理学家Daniel Kahneman的话来说，是快速思考还是慢速思考——这个问题在办公室里和在大草原上一样要紧。慢速思考即是通过慢慢检验自己的假设，然后才作出判断。故选C项。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.integrates使结合；B.matters要紧；C.works工作；D.abuses虐待。句意：什么时候该相信自己的直觉，什么时候该检验自己的假设——用心理学家Daniel Kahneman的话来说，是快速思考还是慢速思考——这个问题在办公室里和在大草原上一样要紧。由文章第一段"If your ancestors___movement in the undergrowth，they would run first and ask questions later."可知祖先们遇到异常情况会先跑再问，是因为他们所生存的环境是非常险恶的，所以快速思考和慢速思考在大草原上很重要；文章第三段"Deliberative thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace"提到了深思熟虑在职场的重要性；文章第四段"Yet instinct also has its place."可知提到了本能在职场的一席之位。所以快速思考还是慢速思考在办公室和大草原一样要紧。故选B项。
（5）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.bring out拿出；B.pick out挑选；C.make out起草；D.stamp out消灭。句意：程序越来越多地被设计用来消灭本能反应。由上文"Strategic changes and budget discussions are built on rounds of meetings，memos，formulas and presentations."可知作出的决策全是深思熟虑后的结果，完全消灭了由本能所作出的反应。故选D项。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.equals等于；B.comprises包括；C.beats打败；D.boosts激励。句意：从盲目筛选求职者到使用"红色团队"技术来分析公司的计划，精确打败了直觉。故选C项。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.manageable可做到的；B.adaptable有适应能力的；C.familiar相似的；D.sensitive敏感的。句意：有些决定更多地与情绪反应有关，本质上难以进行分析。less manageable 是难做到的，符合题意，故选A项。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.attention注意；B.opportunity机会；C.status地位；D.essence精髓。句意：市场营销活动是否抓住了你公司的精髓，或者说，这个人是否能与团队中的其他人很好地合作？由本段第一句"Yet instinct also has its place."可知讲述了本能也站一席之地的；下句"In（9）customer-service situations，intuition is often a better guide to how to behave than a script."提到了直觉通常是更好的行为指南，可知空处表示"精髓"；故选D项。
（9）考查形容词及语境理解。A.rough粗糙的；B.tough棘手的；C.nervous神经紧张的；D.neutral中立的。句意：在棘手的客户服务情况下，直觉往往是比脚本更好的行为指南。空处表示的是"棘手的"，用tough。故选B项。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.improved改善；B.copied复制；C.transferred转移；D.weakened变弱。句意：直觉也可以得到改善。由下文"Plenty of research has shown that intuition becomes more unfailing with experience."可知大量的研究表明，直觉在经验的帮助下变得更加可靠，因为文章前面段落一直在强调很多情况下深思熟虑取代本能直觉，肯定是凭借直觉判断有很大不足才会被深思熟虑所取代，而本处提到了直觉在经验的帮助下会变更可靠，这个就是直觉的一个改善，故空处表示"改善"。故选A项。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.ensure确保；B.extinguish扑灭；C.clarify阐明；D.assess评定，评估。句意：在2012年进行的一个著名的实验中，志愿者被要求评估一些名牌手袋是假的还是真的。由本句"whether a selection of designer handbags were fake or real"可知提到了一些名牌手提袋的真假；下文"Intuition worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags；"对于那些至少拥有三个名牌手袋的人来说，直觉更有效，可推知本处是让他们评定这些手提袋的真假，拥有至少三个手提袋的人的直觉会更准，这个就是经验使直觉更可靠。故选D项。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.undertook承担；B.outperformed比……表现更好；C.facilitated促进；D.paralleled与……平行。句意：事实上，它的表现比分析更好。由上句"Intuition worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags"可知对于那些至少拥有三个名牌手袋的人来说，直觉更有效，故选B项。
（13）考查副词及语境理解。A.Likewise同样地；B.However然而；C.Consequently因此；D.Moreover此外。句意：然而，信奉快速思维的真正原因是，它确实很快。由上句"The more expert you become，the better your instincts tend to be."可知提到越专业的话直觉就越精确，那么精确度是我们应该信奉快速思维的原因吗？下文给出答案"the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is，well，fast."即信奉快速思维的真正原因是它很快，故推知空处表示"然而"，故选B项。
（14）考查不定代词及语境理解。A.anything任何事物；B.something某事；C.nothing没有什么；D.everything每一事物。句意：工作场所只不过是一连串的选择，有大有小：什么是优先处理的，什么时候介入，在电梯里避开谁，现在，每天在哪里工作。nothing but是固定搭配，译为"只不过是……"，符合题意。故选C项。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.cooperate合作；B.prioritize优先处理；C.convince使信服；D.strive奋斗。句意：工作场所只不过是一连串的选择，有大有小：什么是优先处理的，什么时候介入，在电梯里避开谁，现在，每天在哪里工作。空处表示"优先处理"，与后面句子构成排比，即什么是优先处理的，什么时候介入，在电梯里避开谁等等。故选B项。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们说明了深思熟虑并不总是最好的选择，某些时候，直觉的优势更大。
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
18~20.【答案】B、B、A
【解析】（1）句意猜测题。根据第二段My daydreams were in sharp contrast to real life；they were full of adventures and heroic deeds.（我的白日梦和现实形成对比；梦中充满了冒险和英雄的行为。）可知，他的这些白日梦对作者的真实世界有影响。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段No matter what I had bottled up inside me，I was extremely anxious about letting it out，and so my adventures in writing ended. （无论我在内心怎样想，我都极度担心将这些思想流露出来。因此我的写作冒险结束了。）可知，作者放弃写作是因为他太内向了，而不愿表露自己的心声。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段The first time I showed my painting to my father，he was caught in silence for a while and then he breathed deeply，and said："My son finally made something." （我第一次向父亲展示我的画时，他沉默了一会儿，然后深深地吸了一口气，说："我儿子终于有出息了。"）可知，他被儿子的绘画打动了，故选A。
（4）主旨大意题。根据文章内容，主要讲述了小时候的爱好对后天的工作将会产生很大的影响，故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己是一个安静，害羞，爱阅读，喜欢做白日梦的孩子，但这一切都为自己以后的工作奠定了基础。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
21~23.【答案】C、B、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。由文章第一段"Essential oils can have a major impact on your mood and health.When you apply an oil to your skin，it affects your physical state.When you inhale them，it affects your mental state，" says the "grande dame" of aromatherapy Jeanne Rose，author of The Aromatherapy Book：Applications and Inhalations.（精油对你的情绪和健康有很大的影响。当你把油涂在皮肤上时，它会影响你的身体状态。当你吸入它们时，它会影响你的精神状态，"芳香疗法的"贵妇人"珍妮•罗斯说，她是《芳香疗法书：应用和吸入》的作者。）可知希望用精油改善健康状况的普通人可能买珍妮•罗斯的书《芳香疗法书：应用和吸入》。所以答案为C项。
（2）细节理解题。由文章第四段"A rule of thumb is 15 drops per one ounce of cream，oil or lotion，"says Sylla Sheppard-Hanger，the founder and director of Atlantic institute of Aromatherapy in Tampa，Florida.（佛罗里达州坦帕市大西洋芳香疗法研究所的创始人兼主任西拉•谢泼德-汉格说："经验法则是每盎司面霜、油或乳液使用15滴。"）可知合适的使用方法是将精油和面霜按比例混合，所以答案为B项。
（3）细节理解题。由文章最后一段中的Decongest a nose：Eucalyptus，spruce or rosemary work for this.Try inhaling a few drops on a tissue to help with clogged nasal passages.（净化鼻子：桉树油、云杉油或迷迭香都可以。试着用纸巾吸几滴以帮助清理堵塞的鼻腔。）可知选项中可以缓解你重感冒症状的是云杉油。所以答案为D项。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了精油能够改善人们的健康状况并提供了使用指南。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
24~27.【答案】B、A、D、C
【解析】（1）B.段落大意题。根据第一段By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.可知，一项新的研究表明，到本世纪末，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿；结合第二段At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物）called phytoplankton.Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface.Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。可知，这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因，结合选项，故选B。
（2）A.词义猜测题。根据文章第三段Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。可知，浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，也就是很敏感。A．Sensitive敏感的；B．Beneficial有益的；C．Significant重要的；D．Unnoticeable没有注意到的。结合选项，故选A。
（3）D.推理判断题。根据文章第四段The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer.But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener.Dutkiewicz的模型预测，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。但是在一些水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了。由此可推断，浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。结合选项，故选D。
（4）C.目的意图题。根据文章第一段By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.一项新的研究表明，到本世纪末，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。接下来就详细讲述了其原因。因此，本文章主要是作者解释气候变化对海洋的影响，结合选项，故选C。
本文是一篇日常生活类阅读。一项最新研究表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象的原因是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案，现在浮游植物受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，让浮游植物的生长更加旺盛，所以海洋相应会变得更蓝、更绿。
考查日常生活类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。
28~31.【答案】F、C、E、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。上文The explosion of new media，ranging from the internet to digital television，means that people working in advertising will have to come up with more ways to catch the public's attention in the future.（从互联网到数字电视，新媒体的迅猛发展意味着广告业今后将不得不想出更多的办法来吸引公众的注意力。）引出主题，说明新媒体对广告业的影响，下文No longer will all members be watching the same programme：some will be watching different channels on their own TVs，surfing the net or doing both at the same time.（所有成员将不再观看同一节目：一些人将在自己的电视上看不同的频道，上网或两者都做。）说明传统电视广告对所有家庭成员影响减弱的原因，F项"传统的电视广告活动将不再影响到整个家庭。" 承上启下，说明传统的电视广告对人们的影响将会减弱，其中"the whole family"和下文的all members相呼应。故选F项。
（2）联系上文题。上文The monologue where the advertisement tells housewives that this is the washing powder they should buy is just a cliché（陈词滥调） now.（广告告诉家庭主妇们这是她们应该买的洗衣粉的独白现在只是陈词滥调。）说明独白的广告形式已经过时，C项"例如，互联网让这样的广告显得过时了。"举例说明新媒体使传统的广告形式显得过时，其中的"old-fashioned"和上文的" cliché"相呼应，承接上文，符合语境。故选C项。
（3）联系上文题。上文In spite of these and other changes，it is highly unlikely that TV，print and radio will disappear altogether as advertising media.（尽管发生了这些和其他变化，但电视、印刷和广播作为广告媒体将完全消失是极不可能的。）说明传统的广告媒体不可能完全消失，E项"相反，几乎可以肯定的是，在未来的几年里，各种形式的广告都会有增长。"承接上文，说明传统广告不仅不会消失，相反还可能有所增长，符合语境。故选E项。
（4）联系下文题。下文Originality of thinking has always been in short supply.（思维的独创性一直是稀缺的。）说明创造性思维很珍贵的原因，A项"因此，创造力将是未来最有价值的东西。"说明创造性思维很重要，引出下文，是本段的主旨，符合语境。故选A项。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新媒体的发展对传统广告业的影响。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
32.【答案】Lack of attention or interest can result in absent-mindedness.（缺乏注意力或兴趣会导致心不在焉。）Lack of attention refers either to not giving information to your memory system effectively for you to recall it later or to not recognizing visual cues in the environment，in which case the cue should be visual and approachable.【高分句型一】（什么是缺乏注意力）Lack of interest causes us to forget what might otherwise be remembered.【高分句型二】（缺乏兴趣的危害）
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了缺乏注意力或兴趣的原因和危害。
高分句型一：Lack of attention refers either to not giving information to your memory system effectively for you to recall it later or to not recognizing visual cues in the environment，in which case the cue should be visual and approachable.
译文：缺乏注意力是指没有有效地将信息提供给你的记忆系统，以便你以后回忆，或者没有识别出环境中的视觉线索，在这种情况下，线索应该是视觉的、可接近的。
分析：这句话使用了in which case引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：Lack of interest causes us to forget what might otherwise be remembered.
译文：缺乏兴趣会让我们忘记原本可能被记住的东西。
分析：这句话使用了what引导的宾语从句。
概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
33.【答案】On/ At weekends/ the weekend，the trails in the countryside appeal to many families fond of an outing/ an excursion.
【解析】在周末on/ at weekends/ the weekend，作状语；乡间步道the trails in the countryside，作主语；吸引appeal to，作谓语，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时；"喜爱……的"be fond of…，作后置定语，修饰many families；郊游an outing/ an excursion，作宾语。
故填：On/ At weekends/ the weekend，the trails in the countryside appeal to many families fond of an outing/ an excursion。
周末，乡间步道吸引了许多喜爱郊游的家庭。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
34.【答案】There is a lot of misleading/false/incorrect information online，some of which is exaggerated/ overstated to grab your attention.
【解析】网上信息参差不齐There is a lot of misleading/false/incorrect information online，有些some of which，用which引导非限制性定语从句，为了博眼球to grab your attention，夸大其词be exaggerated/ overstated，句子描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时。
故填：There is a lot of misleading/false/incorrect information online，some of which is exaggerated/ overstated to grab your attention.
网上信息参差不齐，有些只是为了博眼球而夸大其词。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
35.【答案】After the three-month restoration/renovation/update，the lecture hall/auditorium is equipped with/has been equipped with the top-class visual and audio equipment/facilities，taking on a new look.
【解析】经过三个月的翻新After the three-month restoration/renovation/update，报告厅the lecture hall/auditorium ，配备了 is equipped with/has been equipped with，一流的视听设备the top-class visual and audio equipment/ facilities，焕然一新taking on a new look。根据句意可以用一般现在时或现在完成时。
故填：After the three-month restoration/renovation/update，the lecture hall/auditorium is equipped with/has been equipped with the top-class visual and audio equipment/ facilities，taking on a new look。
经过三个月的翻新，报告厅配备了一流的视听设备，焕然一新。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
36.【答案】It was due to his enthusiasm/ passion for the craft that he had never thought about giving up even if/though the learning process was daunting/ discouraging and his arms were sore after practice.
【解析】强调句型It was +被强调部分+that +其他的结构。此处强调句子状语"正是出门对这门手艺的热情"，出于due to，对于……的热情one's enthusiasm/ passion for…；想过think about，结合句意主句动作发生在从句动作之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时；放弃give up；即便even if/though，引导让步状语从句；学习过程the learning process，令人怯步的daunting/ discouraging，酸疼的sore。
故填：It was due to his enthusiasm/ passion for the craft that he had never thought about giving up even if/though the learning process was daunting/ discouraging and his arms were sore after practice。
正是出门对这门手艺的热情，他从没想过放弃，即便学习过程令人怯步，练习后胳膊酸疼。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
37.【答案】Dear editor，
I have read a passage from your magazine about the first impression in interpersonal relationships.I am really interested in it and writing to share my opinions with you.（是否赞同作者的这一观点）
To begin with，I strongly support the idea that the first impression is of great importance in interpersonal relationships.【高分句型一】As the saying goes， "A good beginning is half done".A good first impression can make things easier later.For example，a candidate always wants to show his best during an interview so that it will be more likely for him to get the offer.【高分句型二】When it comes to making new friends，nobody wants to talk to those who behave rudely when they meet for the first time.（具体事例说明你的观点）
Before we know others deeply，we can only judge whether we want to make friends or cooperate with them according to the first impression they have made，so the first impression is important.
Yours，
Li Ming
【解析】高分句型一
To begin with，I strongly support the idea that the first impression is of great importance in interpersonal relationships.
翻译：首先，我强烈支持第一印象在人际关系中非常重要的观点。
分析：运用了that引导的同位语从句。
高分句型二
For example，a candidate always wants to show his best during an interview so that it will be more likely for him to get the offer.
翻译：例如，一个候选人总是想在面试中展示他最好的一面，这样他就更有可能得到这份工作。
分析：运用了so that句型来引导状语从句。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
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