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2022-2023学年北京市平谷区高二（上）期末英语试卷（含答案解析）
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这是一份2022-2023学年北京市平谷区高二（上）期末英语试卷（含答案解析），共21页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年北京市平谷区高二（上）期末英语试卷
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In a winter evening，Gus Kiebel was driving home from work.Suddenly he(1)a pair of beagles in the flash of his headlights.It was snowing so hard，but he could tell the dogs were wearing collars and labels.Gus parked his truck and(2) the animals.He squatted（蹲） and stretched out his hands to the beagles.He read their labels by his truck's headlights—these two dogs were a couple.He (3) his phone to call the number listed，but it was snowing so hard that his screen blurred.
Then he placed the dogs in his truck and they snuggled（依偎） together.Gus dialed the number from the dogs'(4).Unfortunately，the call declined.But，Gus dialed again.A man(5)and immediately grew defensive."I gave those dogs away，"the man said."They're not mine anymore." The man hung up.
It was(6)that these beagles were abandoned.As a boy，Gus had dreamed of owning beagles，but he already had a family dog.The next day，he took the dogs to the shelter to drop them off—on one condition."I'm not signing the dogs over to you if you' re going to(7)them." he said.The shelter workers promised him they'd keep the couple together.
In the following days，Gus phoned the shelter(8)to check up on the pair of beagles.Soon after Christmas，the beagles were(9)，as a pair，and adopted to a loving family.What Gus did brought out the best in our nature.And when(10)and love overcome cruelty and the elements，it can feel like the greatest miracle of all.
1. A. checked B. spotted C. guided D. pushed
2. A. approached B. found C. got D. waited
3. A. picked up B. dropped out C. pulled up D. reached out
4. A. signs B. bags C. labels D. clothes
5. A. talked B. answered C. chatted D. cried
6. A. obvious B. fortunate C. desperate D. special
7. A. hurt B. drop C. raise D. separate
8. A. immediately B. accidentally C. repeatedly D. initially
9. A. protected B. adapted C. stolen D. chosen
10. A. kindness B. bravery C. generosity D. enthusiasm
11. 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
Last month，I passed by a cinema in the city center.A movie poster (1) （ catch）my eyes.To my amazement，the new film (2) （ produce） by Sam，one of my students.Sam was born in a poor family.His parents could not afford to send him to an art school (3) he could learn performance and filmmaking.So I helped and supported him.Sam had a talent for film and kept on all the way.
B
China's space medicine experts have started planning to set up a"space hospital " (4) （ serve） astronauts，according to a (5) （ lead） scientist.These experts are carrying out experiments and tests on the ground to advance the basic work on a space hospital.The value of this project is that it (6) （ enable） our space explorers to travel deeper and stay (7) （ healthy） during their journey.The research of such a space-based clinic will also help to develop our country's medical technology.
C
When a teacher asked his students to save their water bottles，Austin was determined to not just have a role to help the environment (8) to make a huge impact.The boy set out to collect hundreds of water bottle (9) （ cap），which would be recycled and used to make prosthetic limbs（假肢）."I went home and thought of a way I could collect enough to help out." Austin said that he (10) （ be）aware that it was a simple way to help out young kids in need.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
C
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization（UNESCO）is responsible for evaluating and judging whether a place could be titled The World Heritage Site.The group chooses sites based on historical and cultural importance，as well as their beauty.
The World Heritage in Beijing
Constructed from 1406 to 1420，The Temple of Heaven is an imperial complex of religious buildings situated in the central area of Beijing.The Temple of Heaven was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998 and was described as a masterpiece of architecture and landscape design.
The Temple comprises three main groups of constructions：The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests，The Imperial Vault of Heaven and The Circular Mound Altar.
The World Heritage in Luoyang
Situated on the central plain of China，Luoyang is one of the cradles of Chinese civilization.
The Longmen Grottoes，south of the city，were excavated and carved from 493 AD to 1127 AD.It was listed on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 2000.The images were carved as outside rock reliefs and inside artificial caves.There are as
many as 100，000 statues within the 2，345 caves.The area also has over sixty
Buddhist pagodas.
The World Heritage in Wiltshire
Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument in England.It consists of a ring of standing stones，topped by connecting stones.The whole monument，now ruinous，is oriented towards the sunrise on the Summer Solstice.
Stonehenge is regarded as a British cultural icon.The site and its surroundings were added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1986.
Archaeologists believe Stonehenge was constructed from 3000 BC to 2000 BC.It could have been a burial ground from its earliest beginnings.
12. What can we learn about Stonehenge？ ______
A. Stonehenge is a symbol of British culture.
B. Stonehenge has a history of 3000 years.
C. Stonehenge consists of stones and wood.
D. Stonehenge is not oriented towards the sunrise.
13. According to the passage，we can learn that ______ .
A. there are 100，000 caves in The Longmen Grottoes
B. The Temple of Heaven has three main groups of buildings
C. only one site in Luoyang is listed in The World Heritage Sites
D. the Temple of Heaven has been titled the World Heritage Site for 30 years
14. What do the three sites in the text have in common？ ______
A. They have caves，halls and statues.
B. They are ancient imperial buildings.
C. They all have historical and cultural value.
D. They are connected with Buddhist culture.
D
Marathon Man
In 1896，a young man from Greece named Spiridon Louis ran one of the most exciting footraces ever.
Born in 1873 in a small house in the rocky hills above Athens，Spiridon helped his father tend the sheep from a very young age.After gathering the wool，they walked to the Athens market to sell it.It was in Athens Spiridon's father told him the legend of Pheidippides，who ran from the village of Marathon to Athens，to tell his people that the Greeks had won a great battle，but died after delivering the message.The run of nearly 25 miles had been too much for him.The legend had inspired him for many years.
By the time he was in his early twenties，Spiridon was making a living selling fresh water from the hills.Twice a day he would load two barrels full of water on his mule and run alongside the mule to Athens，a trip of more than eight miles.Spiridon's legs and heart grew strong from all that running.When he heard that a long race would be part of the Olympic Games，he decided to enter.The race would be called marathon，in honor of the legend of Pheidippides.
Held on the last day of the Olympics in Athens，the race included many excellent runners from several countries.When there were six miles to go，Edwin Flack of Australia was in the lead.But Spiridon，who had started out at a slower，steady pace，began to gain ground，and won the first Olympic marathon.
The Summer Olympic Games take place once every four years，bringing together athletes from all over the world.Perhaps the story of Spiridon will inspire the next winner of the Olympic marathon，just as Spiridon was inspired by the legend of Pheidippides so long ago.
15. According to the legend，Phedippides died ______ .
A. in the village of Marathon
B. because of the long-distance run
C. on his way delivering the message
D. in the great battle that the Greek had won
16. How was Spiridon earning his living by the time he entered the race？ ______
A. By selling the wool.
B. By running the mule.
C. By selling fresh water from the hills.
D. By helping his father tend the sheep.
17. What can we learn from the passage？ ______
A. To load water，Spiridon ran the mule to Athens every day.
B. Spiridon practised running by loading barrels full of water.
C. Spiridon did not run faster than others at the beginning of the race.
D. The Olympic Games were held to honor the legend of Pheidippides.
18. Spiridon's story is written to ______ .
A. describe how Spiridon succeeded
B. honor the legend of Pheidippides
C. remember the first Olympic Games
D. motivate the athletes of the Olympic marathon
E
It's worth being aware that developmental changes could make children more sensitive to the negative side of social media.During the teenage years，for example，the brain changes massively，and this can influence how young people act and feel—including making them more sensitive to social relationships，and status.
"Being a teenager is a really a major time of development，" says Orben."You're much more impacted by your peers，you're much more interested in what other people think about you.And the design of social media might be more stressful at certain times."
As well as age，other factors could influence the impact of social media on children and teenagers—but researchers are only just beginning to explore these individual differences. "There will be people who are more negatively or positively impacted at different time points.That might be due to living different lives，going through development at different points.They might be using social media differently."says Orben.
For many parents，buying a child a phone is a practical decision."In a lot of cases，parents are the ones that want the younger children to have phones so that they can keep in touch throughout the day." says Odgers.
It can also be seen as a milestone on the road to adulthood."I think for children it gives them a sense of independence and responsibility，" says Anja Stevic，researcher at the University of Vienna，Austria."This is definitely something that parents should consider：are their children at a stage where they are responsible enough to have their own device？"
One factor parents shouldn't overlook is how comfortable they feel with their child having a smart phone.Besides，it's worth remembering，though，that having a smart phone need not open the floodgates to every single app or game available."I'm increasingly hearing，when I interview children，that parents are giving them the phone but introducing requirements to check and discuss which apps they get，and I think that is probably really wise，" says Livingstone.
19. According to the passage，which of the following statements is TRUE？ ______
A. Parents feel comfortable when children have smart phones.
B. Many parents have a tendency to buy children smart phones.
C. Age does not influence the impact of social media on children.
D. It is unacceptable for parents to check apps on children's phones.
20. What's the writer's attitude towards buying children smart phones？ ______
A. Concerned. B. Puzzled. C. Pessimistic. D. Subjective.
21. Which would be the best title for the passage？ ______
A. Parents'Practical Decision B. Negative Sides of Social Media
C. An Introduction of Apps & Games D. When to Buy Children Smartphones
F
In many languages，the word for"mother/mom"takes an m-sound.Is there any reason for such near-universality？
Linguists（语言学家） generally argue for"the arbitrariness of the sign"；no connection exists between the word dog and the furry .A rare exception is onomatopoeia，where words representing the bark of a dog（bow-wow） and the buzz made by a bee are more or less similar to the sound.Yet most things are not subject to naming this way.
What about mama？It does not sound like a mother，but the fact is that some sounds are more widespread than others around the world.There are many dozens of observed consonants which are rare and hard for non-natives to learn.
In contrast，a few—such as b，m，p，t，d and k—show up far more frequently，in nearly every spoken language in the world.That is almost certainly because they are easy to make.A baby vocalising will，at first，make a vowel-like sound，usually something like"ah"，which requires little in the way of control over the mouth.If they briefly close their mouth and continue vocalising，air will come out of their nose，thus making the m-sound that is used in"mother"around the world.
Though the"mamas" bear the most obvious similarity，the"papas" have striking commonalities，too.Babies can easily stop their breath when they close their lips（rather than going on breathing through the nose）.This produces a b-or a p-sound.It is surely for this reason that so many names for"father"use these.consonants：papa in English，abb in Arabic and baba in Mandarin.T-and d-sounds are similarly basic，involving a simple tap of the tongue against the teeth：hence daddy，tatay（Tagalog） or tayta（Quechua）.
Father and mother are，therefore，an oddity.F-is not especially easy to utter（发音）；th-sounds are even harder.English，Greek and Spanish are unusual in having them.Even Anglophone children may struggle with th-sounds when they are five，or older still in many cases.
Anyway，it is hard to find linguistic universals amid the world's dazzling variety.
22. What does the underlined word" "in Paragraph 2 most probably refer to？ ______
A. Pronunciation B. Sound C. Bee D. Animal
23. " Mamas " and " papas " are used so universally because ______ .
A. the sounds of the two words sound alike
B. air will come out of baby's mouth directly
C. the sounds can be easily and naturally uttered
D. babies can continue their breath when closing their lips
24. According to the passage，which of the following words might be the most difficult to articulate？ ______
A. Fortheoming. B. Programme. C. Magnificent. D. Magazine.
25. What is the passage mainly about？ ______
A. Inspiration from babies' smile and talks.
B. Linguists'efforts to the research of sounds.
C. Connection between the word mum and dad.
D. Reasons for similar sounds in unrelated languages.
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Six Tips for Freshmen
Starting college can be a stressful experience.It introduces a lot of big changes in your life.Here are six tips for freshmen.
1. (1)
Of all the tips for college，this one might be the most practical.Make sure to consider what use at home on a daily or weekly basis，and take a look at what a college student has suggested you bring!
2.Be comfortable being on your own.
(2) The tasks for which you once relied on your parents are now your responsibility，so it is important that you come to school knowing basic skills，how to do laundry，and how to follow a routine.
3.Have an idea of what you want to study.
Declaring your major immediately upon getting accepted into college is not life or death. (3) Internships（实习期） are also a great way to dip your toes in the water and find out whether or not you are interested in a certain career.
4.Put yourself out there.
For those who struggle to make friends，finding people who you share interests with is always a good place to start.Joining a local club or activity that you enjoy can help you to meet new people that like the same things that you do.
5.Practice good habits.
Being away from home and the structure of middle school for the first time causes many college freshmen to form bad habits. (4) These will help ensure you stay in good health and make your college experience much smoother.
(5)
Budgeting（预算） can be a very simple way to understand and monitor your spending habits.A simple spreadsheet with your monthly expenses and income is a great way to start listing your spending.
A.Learn to manage your finances.
B.Make sure to take classes that interest you.
C.Making good friend is very important in college.
D.Know what things you need for a college dorm.
E.Establish a healthy system，and eat a balanced diet.
F.You could do a part time job to earn more money.
G.In most cases，college is the first time that you will be completely on your own.
26. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
27. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
28. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
29. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
30. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
31. Years ago，Jason was a college professor with a big house.But ______（ know）that many people were living in poor conditions，he ______（ feel） guilty.
32. Everyone ______（ experience） stress.For students，studying for many hours and preparing for exams can really have an influence ______our well- being and health.
33. Last year，I tried ______（ share）a car with my colleagues ______ live near me but it still took so long.
34. I spent a happy hour ______（sit） in a café， ______（think） about the good times I had had there as a student.
35. Without a teacher，he taught ______（ him） how to use a computer，and by the age of 12 he ______（ know） three different programming languages.
36. 从方框中选择最恰当的词，并用其正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
severe superb spell expand behave
When Helen was young she lost her sight and hearing.With these (1) restrictions to her communication，Helen's (2) was often unbearable and sometimes she was troublesome，stubborn and angry with a tendency to break things when she was not understood.Anne Sullivan was a (3) teacher.Anne's technique was simple and straightforward.She put an object into Helen's hand and (4) out the word on her other hand.The precious knowledge she taught Helen gave her hope and joy.From"doll"and"water"，Helen's knowledge and vocabulary (5) and this changed her thinking process.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
37. 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The term"moonlight clan"refers to low-income earners in China who spend all of their income meeting their basic needs.According to CCTV in 2021，40 percent of singles in China's first-tier cities belong to the"moonlight clan." On the other hand，the Chinese household savings rate remains high.The average savings rate in China is over 45 percent.In other words，nearly half of a household's income does not flow back into the economy but sits in a bank account （or somewhere else）.
Some experts are concerned about this high rate because of limited capital flows and a less active currency.But considering current economic situation in China，the high savings rate is a good thing.
To cope with pressure，the Chinese government has introduced a series of policies to stimulate residents' consumption，such as encouraging the purchase of vehicles in the countryside and providing consumption vouchers（消费券）.High savings rates are undoubtedly an important support for these policies because without actual money in the bank，no matter how encouraging the policies are，the public just won't shop.
Despite a still very active market，China needs more effective measures to persuade more people to start spending again and stimulate the economy.And once more people feel like spending freely again，China's domestic market will surely grow stronger，promising sound economic growth in the long term.
(1) According to the passage，what does the term"moonlight clan"refer to？ ______
(2) Why are some experts worried about the high household savings rate？ ______
(3) Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why.
＞To cope with the current difficult economic situation，the Chinese government forced the people to consume. ______
（4）Would you like to be a member of the"moonlight clan"in the future？Why or why not？（In about 40 words） ______
38. 假如你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国好友Jim从社交媒体上看到了你参观学校国画展览的照片，写信向你了解情况。请给他回信，内容包括：
（1）国画展相关信息（时间、地点、目的等）；
（2）你的感受。
国画展：the exhibition of traditional Chinese paintings
注意：（1）词数100左右；
（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
_____
Yours，
Li Hua
答案和解析
1~10.【答案】B、A、D、C、B、A、D、C、D、A
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.checked检查；B.spotted看见；C.guided带领；D.pushed推。根据后文"It was snowing so hard，but he could tell the dogs were wearing collars and labels."可知，虽然雪很大但是他依然可以辨别出狗带着项圈和标签，说明他之前在车灯下看见了两只狗。故选B项。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.approached接近；B.found发现；C.got到达；D.waited等待。根据后文"He squatted（蹲） and stretched out his hands to the beagles."可知，他蹲下身并且把手伸向小狗，推断他停车是为了接近小狗。故选A项。
（3）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.picked up捡起；B.dropped out退出；C.pulled up拔起；D.reached out掏出。根据下文"but it was snowing so hard that his screen blurred"可知，雪下地太大他看不清屏幕，可推断他掏出手机是为了打电话。故选D项。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.signs标志；B.bags书包；C.labels标签；D.clothes衣服。根据前文"the dogs were wearing collars and labels"可知，狗带着项圈和标签，推断出格斯要想知道狗主人的信息需要拨打标签上的电话，labels为原词复现。故选C项。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.talked谈话；B.answered回答；C.chatted聊天；D.cried哭。根据下文"The man hung up"可知，男人挂断了电话，推断出之前这个男人接了电话。故选B项。
（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.obvious明显的；B.fortunate幸运的；C.desperate绝望的；D.special分开的。根据前文 …I gave those dogs away，"the man said."They're not mine anymore."及后文"these beagles were abandoned"可知，狗被遗弃是一个显而易见的事实。故选A项。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.hurt伤害；B.drop掉落；C.raise提升；D.separate分开。根据后文"The shelter workers promised him they'd keep the couple together."可知，收容所的工人答应格斯会让这对狗在一起，推断出格斯的要求是不让这对狗分开。故选D项。
（8）考查副词及语境理解。A.immediately立刻地；B.accidentally偶然地；C.repeatedly反复地；D.initially最初。根据后文"check up on the pair of beagles"可知，格斯检查这对狗的情况说明他对狗很关心，推断出他应该是反复打电话去检查狗的情况。故选C项。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.protected保护；B.adapted调整；C.stolen偷；D.chosen选择。根据后文"adopted to a loving family"可知，狗被收养了，说明它们在收容所里被选中了。故选D项。
（10）考查名词及语境理解。A.kindness善良；B.bravery勇敢；C.generosity慷慨；D.enthusiasm热情。根据and并列结构可知，当善良和爱战胜了残忍和恶劣的环境，这就好像是最伟大的奇迹。空格处需要填一个和love含义相近的词汇，kindness意为"善良"符合句意。故选A项。
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了格斯在一个风雪之夜救了一对被人遗弃的小猎犬，他把狗送到了收容所后依然很关心它们，终于这对小狗在圣诞节被领养的故事。
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应和语境。
11.【答案】【小题1】caught
【小题2】was produced
【小题3】where
【小题4】to serve
【小题5】leading
【小题6】enables
【小题7】healthier
【小题8】but
【小题9】caps
【小题10】was
【解析】A
（1）考查动词。句意：一张电影海报引起了我的注意。分析句子可知，此处在句中作谓语，根据Last month以及上下文时态可知，本句是一般过去时，此处应填动词的过去式。故填caught。
（2）考查动词。句意：令我惊讶的是，这部新电影是由我的一个学生Sam制作的。分析句子可知，此处在句中作谓语，根据Last month以及上下文时态可知，本句是一般过去时，此处应填动词的过去式，主语new film和谓语动词produce之间为被动关系，故此处用一般过去时的被动语态形式。故填was produced。
（3）考查定语从句的关系词。句意：他的父母没钱送他去艺术学校学习表演和电影制作。分析句子可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词art school在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
B
（4）考查不定式。句意：据一位著名科学家介绍，中国的太空医学专家已经开始计划建立一家为宇航员服务的"太空医院"。分析可知，此处在句中作目的状语。故填to serve。
（5）考查形容词。句意：据一位著名科学家介绍，中国的太空医学专家已经开始计划建立一家为宇航员服务的"太空医院"。根据a和scientist可知，此处应填形容词。leading scientist"著名的科学家"。故填leading。
（6）考查动词。句意：这个项目的价值在于，它使我们的太空探险者能够在旅途中更深入地旅行和更健康。分析句子可知，此处在句中作谓语，根据前面的"is"可知，本句是一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，故此处用第三人称单数形式。故填enables。
（7）考查形容词比较级。句意：这个项目的价值在于，它使我们的太空探险者能够在旅途中更深入地旅行和更健康。根据句意以及前面的"deeper"可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填healthier。
C
（8）考查固定搭配。句意：当一位老师要求他的学生保存他们的水瓶时，奥斯汀决心不仅要起到保护环境的作用，还要产生巨大的影响。not just...but..."不仅……还……"。故填but。
（9）考查可数名词的复数。句意：这名男孩开始收集数百个水瓶帽，这些水瓶帽将被回收并用于制作假肢。根据前面的" hundreds of "可知，此处应填可数名词的复数形式。故填caps。
（10）考查时态。句意：奥斯汀说，他意识到这是一个帮助有需要的孩子的简单方法。根据前面的said和后面的was可知，本句是一般过去时，主语he是第三人称单数，此处应用be动词is的过去式。故填was。
A：本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了上个月，作者经过市中心的一家电影院。一张电影海报引起了作者的注意。令作者惊讶的是，这部新电影是由作者的一个学生Sam制作的。
B：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了中国太空医学专家建立"太空医院"的准备工作以及它的意义和价值。
C：本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了奥斯汀受到一位老师的影响，决定从自己做起，用实际行动保护环境的故事。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
12~14.【答案】A、B、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据The World Heritage in Wiltshire部分中第二段Stonehenge is regarded as a British cultural icon.（巨石阵被视为英国文化的象征。）可知，A项正确；根据第一段Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument in England.It consists of a ring of standing stones，topped by connecting stones.The whole monument，now ruinous，is oriented towards the sunrise on the Summer Solstice.（巨石阵是英格兰的史前遗迹。它由一圈直立的石头组成，顶部是连接的石头。整个纪念碑现在已经破败不堪，在夏至日的时候对准了日出的方向。）可知，巨石阵由石头组成，排除C项。整个纪念碑在夏至日的时候对准了日出的方向，D项表述错误；根据第三段中Archaeologists believe Stonehenge was constructed from 3000 BC to 2000 BC.It could have been a burial ground from its earliest beginnings.（考古学家认为巨石阵建于公元前3000年至公元前2000年。）可知，巨石阵建于公元前3000年至公元前2000年，而不是有3000年的历史，排除B项。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据The World Heritage in Beijing部分中The Temple of Heaven was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998（1998年，天坛被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产）和The Temple comprises three main groups of constructions：The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests，The Imperial Vault of Heaven and The Circular Mound Altar.（天坛由三组主要建筑组成：祈年殿、皇家天穹和圆形祭坛。）可知，天坛于1998年被列为世界遗产，距今有25年，而不是30年，排除D项；天坛有三大建筑组成，B项正确；根据The World Heritage in Luoyang部分中The Longmen Grottoes...was listed on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 2000.（2000年龙门石窟被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录）和There are as many as 100，000 statues within the 2，345 caves.（在2345个洞穴中有多达10万尊雕像。）可知，龙门石窟被列入世界遗产名录，但并不说明洛阳只有一处遗址被列入世界遗产名录，排除C项；龙门石窟有2345个洞穴，洞穴中有多达10万尊雕像，故A项表述错误。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据第一段中The group chooses sites based on historical and cultural importance，as well as their beauty.（该组织根据历史和文化的重要性以及它们的美丽来选择地点。）可知，文中的三个景点都具有历史和文化价值。故选C。
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三处被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产的景点。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
15~18.【答案】B、C、C、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中It was in Athens Spiridon's father told him the legend of Pheidippides，who ran from the village of Marathon to Athens，to tell his people that the Greeks had won a great battle，but died after delivering the message.The run of nearly 25 miles had been too much for him.（正是在雅典，斯皮里东的父亲告诉他菲迪皮德斯的传说，他从马拉松村跑到雅典，告诉他的人民，希腊人赢得了一场伟大的战斗，但在传递消息后死去。近25英里的路程让他吃不消。）可知，根据传说，Phedippides的死是由于长跑造成的，故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中By the time he was in his early twenties，Spiridon was making a living selling fresh water from the hills.When he heard that a long race would be part of the Olympic Games，he decided to enter.（在他二十出头的时候，斯皮里东靠卖山上的谈水谋生.当他听说长跑将是奥运会的一个项目时，他决定参加。）可知，在斯皮里东参加比赛前，他是靠卖山上的淡水为生，故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中But Spiridon，who had started out at a slower，steady pace，began to gain ground，and won the first Olympic marathon.（但是斯皮里东一开始跑得比较慢，比较稳，随后开始跑快了，并赢得了第一届奥运会马拉松比赛。）可知，在比赛开始时，斯皮里东并没有比其他人跑得更快。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中Perhaps the story of Spiridon will inspire the next winner of the Olympic marathon，just as Spiridon was inspired by the legend of Pheidippides so long ago.（也许斯皮里东的故事会激励下一个奥运会马拉松冠军，就像很久以前斯皮里东受到菲迪皮德斯传说的启发一样。）可知，文章讲述斯皮里东的故事是为了激励奥林匹克马拉松运动员，故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了斯皮里东受到菲迪皮德斯传说的启发，开始参加马拉松比赛，并获得冠军的故事。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
19~21.【答案】B、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第四段For many parents，buying a child a phone is a practical decision."In a lot of cases，parents are the ones that want the younger children to have phones so that they can keep in touch throughout the day." says Odgers.（对于许多父母来说，给孩子买手机是一个实际的决定。"在很多情况下，父母都希望年幼的孩子有手机，这样他们就可以整天保持联系。"Odgers说。）可知，许多父母都有给孩子买智能手机的倾向。故选B。
（2）观点态度题。根据第一段It's worth being aware that developmental changes could make children more sensitive to the negative side of social media.During the teenage years，for example，the brain changes massively，and this can influence how young people act and feel—including making them more sensitive to social relationships，and status.（值得注意的是，发育变化可能会使儿童对社交媒体的负面更敏感。例如，在青少年时期，大脑发生了巨大的变化，这可以影响年轻人的行为和感觉--包括使他们对社会关系和地位更加敏感。）和第三段第一句As well as age，other factors could influence the impact of social media on children and teenagers—but researchers are only just beginning to explore these individual differences.（除了年龄，其他因素也会影响社交媒体对儿童和青少年的影响，但研究人员才刚刚开始探索这些个体差异。）可知，作者认为年龄和其他因素都使社交媒体对儿童和青少年产生负面影响，所以对于父母给儿童买智能手机感到很担心。结合选项A.Concerned.担心的，忧虑的；B.Puzzled.困惑的；C.Pessimistic.悲观的；D.Subjective.主观的。分析可知，A项符合作者的态度。故选A。
（3）标题归纳题。根据全文内容，结合倒数第二段中的Then I saw a street and found Castello Estense，which owes its name to the powerful family d'Estense．（它也可以被视为成年道路上的一个里程碑。奥地利维也纳大学的研究人员安雅•史蒂夫克说："我认为这给了孩子们一种独立和责任感。""这绝对是父母应该考虑的问题：他们的孩子是否已经到了足够负责任、可以拥有自己手机的阶段？"。）可知，本文分析了社交媒体对儿童和青少年产生负面影响，让父母们考虑好什么时候给孩子买智能手机。A.Parents'Practical Decision父母的实际决定；B.Negative Sides of Social Media社交媒体的负面影响；C.An Introduction of Apps & Games应用程序和游戏的介绍；D.When to Buy Children Smartphones什么时候给孩子买智能手机。分析可知，D项能准确概括文章的大意。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了社交媒体对儿童和青少年产生负面影响，让父母们考虑好什么时候给孩子买智能手机。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
22~25.【答案】D、C、A、D
【解析】（1）词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句子no connection exists between the word dog and the furry .（单词dog和毛茸茸的quadruped之间没有任何联系。）及句中 "dog"和"furry"（长毛的）可知，划线词应该是指和狗一样的长毛的动物。结合选项A.Pronunciation发音；B.Sound声音；C.Bee蜜蜂；D.Animal动物。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段中的In contrast，a few—such as b，m，p，t，d and k—show up far more frequently，in nearly every spoken language in the world.That is almost certainly because they are easy to make.（有少数几个，比如b、m、p、t、d和k，在世界上几乎每一种口语中出现的频率都要高得多，这几乎可以肯定是因为它们容易发出。）可知，"Mamas"和"Papas"被如此普遍使用是因为它们会很容易、很自然地被发出读音。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的F-is not especially easy to utter（发音）；th-sounds are even harder.（F-不是特别容易发音；th-音更难发音。）可知，选项A.Fortheoming.中的含有"F"和"h"，所以最难清晰地发音。故选A。
（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段In many languages，the word for"mother/mom"takes an m-sound.Is there any reason for such near-universality？（在许多语言中，""mother/mom"这个词带有m音，这种近乎普遍的现象有什么原因吗？）并结合全文可知，本文主要介绍了不相关语言发音相似的原因。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要在介绍了在不同的语言中，一些相似的发音存在的原因是什么。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
26~30.【答案】D、G、B、E、A
【解析】（1）标题归纳题。根据下文Of all the tips for college，this one might be the most practical.Make sure to consider what use at home on a daily or weekly basis，and take a look at what a college student has suggested you bring!（在所有关于大学生活的建议中，这一条可能是最实用的。一定要考虑每天或每周在家用什么，看看一个大学生建议你带什么!）可知，本段主要讲述新生上大学前要考虑带哪些东西。故D项"知道你在大学宿舍需要什么东西。"能够概括段落大意，符合语境。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据小标题Be comfortable being on your own.（适应自己一个人。）以及下文The tasks for which you once relied on your parents are now your responsibility，so it is important that you come to school knowing basic skills，how to do laundry，and how to follow a routine.（你曾经依靠父母做的事情现在是你自己的责任，所以你上学时知道基本的技能，如何洗衣服，以及如何遵守常规是很重要的。）可知，上了大学后生活要自理，不能再依靠父母了。故G项"在大多数情况下，大学是你第一次完全依靠自己。"承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
（3）推理判断题。根据小标题Have an idea of what you want to study.（明确自己想学什么。）和上文 Declaring your major immediately upon getting accepted into college is not life or death.（被大学录取后立即申报专业并不是一件生死攸关的事情。）以及下文Internships（实习期） are also a great way to dip your toes in the water and find out whether or not you are interested in a certain career.（实习也是一个很好的方法，可以让你试一试，看看自己是否对某一职业感兴趣。）可知，在大学要选自己感兴趣的课程。故B项"一定要参加你感兴趣的课程。"承上启下，符合语境。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据小标题Practice good habits.（养成好习惯。）和上文 Being away from home and the structure of middle school for the first time causes many college freshmen to form bad habits.（第一次离开家和中学的环境会使许多大学新生养成坏习惯。）以及下文These will help ensure you stay in good health and make your college experience much smoother.（这些习惯将有助于你保持身体健康，使你的大学生活更加顺利。）可知，上大学后要养成好习惯。故E项"建立健康的身体系统，均衡饮食。"承上启下，符合语境。故选E。
（5）标题归纳题。根据下文Budgeting（预算） can be a very simple way to understand and monitor your spending habits.A simple spreadsheet with your monthly expenses and income is a great way to start listing your spending.（预算是了解和监控自己消费习惯的一种非常简单的方法。用一个简单的电子表格列出你每月的支出和收入是列出你的支出的好方法。）可知，本段主要讲述新生上大学要学会理财。故A项"学会理财。"能够概括段落大意，符合语境。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了给大学新生在生活方面和学习方面的六条建议。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
31.【答案】knowing
【解析】分析句子结构可知，第一空是非谓语作状语，主语和know之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词；第二空是谓语，根据前面的时间及句中时态可知，本句陈述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时，主语he和feel是主动关系，所以用主动语态。
故填：knowing；felt。
几年前，Jason是一位大学教授，有一所大房子。但知道许多人生活条件很差，他感到内疚。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
32.【答案】experiences
【解析】experience"经历"，因表示的是一般事实，要用一般现在时，主语Everyone是不定代词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；have an influence on"对……有影响"，是固定搭配。
故填：experiences；on。
每个人都经历过压力。对于学生来说，长时间学习和准备考试真的会对我们的身心健康产生影响。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
33.【答案】to share
【解析】try to do sth."努力去做某事"，所以第一空应用to share；分析可知，第二空引导定语从句，并且在句中作主语，先行词为my colleagues，指人，所以第二空应用who。
故填：to share；who。
去年，我努力去跟我住得近的同事拼车，但还是花了很长时间。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
34.【答案】sitting
【解析】分析句子结构可知，spend后面接时间（钱）+doing是固定搭配，所以第一空用动名词形式；第二空是非谓语作伴随状语，主语和think之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词。
故填：sitting；thinking。
我在咖啡馆里坐着，度过了一个小时的快乐时光，想着我作为学生在那里度过的美好时光。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
35.【答案】himself
【解析】him"他"，主语和宾语为同一个人，用反身代词oneself作宾语，本句主语为he，故宾语为himself；know"知道"，根据句中时间状语by the age of 12可知，要用过去分词完成时，其过去分词是known。
故填：himself；had known。
在没有老师的情况下，他自学了如何使用计算机，到12岁时，他已经知道了三种不同的编程语言。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
36.【答案】【小题1】severe
【小题2】behaviour
【小题3】superb
【小题4】spelt
【小题5】expanded
【解析】（1）考查形容词。句意：这些严重的障碍限制了海伦的正常交流，她的行为常常令人难以忍受，有时她很烦人，固执，生气，当她不被理解时，她倾向于打破东西。分析可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰后文名词restrictions，结合句意可知，形容词severe"严重的"符合题意。故填severe。
（2）考查不可数名词。句意：这些严重的障碍限制了海伦的正常交流，她的行为常常令人难以忍受，有时她很烦人，固执，生气，当她不被理解时，她倾向于打破东西。分析可知，名词所有格Helen's后应用名词作主语，结合句意可知，不可数名词behaviour"行为"符合题意。故填behaviour。
（3）考查形容词。句意：安妮•苏利文是一位出色的老师。分析可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰后文名词teacher，结合句意可知，形容词superb"极好的"符合题意。故填superb。
（4）考查动词时态。句意：她把一个物体放到海伦手里，并用另一只手拼出这个词。分析可知，所填词为句子谓语动词且表示"拼写"应用动词spell，结合上下文可知，句子是在叙述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填spelt。
（5）考查动词时态。句意：从"洋娃娃"到"水"，海伦的知识和词汇量都扩大了，这也改变了她的思维过程。分析可知，所填词为句子谓语动词且表示"扩大"应用动词expand，结合上下文可知，句子是在叙述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填expanded。
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了海伦•凯乐和她的老师安妮•苏利文的故事。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法，判断词性
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境，确定词形
当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如动词的人称数，时态，语态，固定短语；名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。
37.【答案】【小题1】The term"moonlight clan"refers to low-income earners in China who spend all of their income meeting their basic needs.
【小题2】Some experts are concerned about this high rate because of limited capital flows and a less active currency.
【小题3】To cope with pressure，the Chinese government has introduced a series of policies to stimulate residents' consumption.
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的The term"moonlight clan"refers to low-income earners in China who spend all of their income meeting their basic needs.（术语月光族是指中国的低收入者把他们所有的收入用来满足日常生活基本需要。）可知，月光族就是收入较低，全部收入用来支付日常生活所需而没有剩余。故答案为The term"moonlight clan"refers to low-income earners in China who spend all of their income meeting their basic needs.
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的 Some experts are concerned about this high rate because of limited capital flows and a less active currency.（一些专家担心这一高储蓄率是因为有限的资本流动和货币不活跃。）可知，专心担心储蓄率而不消费，那么货币流通不活跃，则经济不能得到发展。故答案为 Some experts are concerned about this high rate because of limited capital flows and a less active currency.
（3）细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的To cope with pressure，the Chinese government has introduced a series of policies to stimulate residents' consumption.（为了应对压力，中国政府出台了一系列政策来刺激居民消费。）可知，政府面对高储蓄率以及经济发展缓滞而希望通过政策来激励消费，即鼓励消费而不是强迫消费。故答案为To cope with pressure，the Chinese government has introduced a series of policies to stimulate residents' consumption.
（4）观点态度题。根据文章第二段中的But considering current economic situation in China，the high savings rate is a good thing.（但是考虑我们中国目前的经济形式，高储蓄率是一件好事。）可知，在我们国家，人们向来有储蓄的习惯，以备应对各种问题。故答案为I would not like to be a member of the "moonlight clan"in the future.Because I think that we should save some money in case we are faced with some unexpected things such as illness，accidents or something else.
本文是一篇说明文，说明了在中国有大量月光族的年轻人，同时也有着高储蓄率。政府针对经济压力出台一系列政府刺激消费。
阅读表达，要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，根据短文后的题目，在文中找到相关的内容，并用简洁、准确的句子，将理解的内容，书面表达出来。做题时，注意表达的内容不要超出规定的字数。
38.【答案】Dear Jim，
How are you doing？Knowing that you are a lover of traditional Chinese painting，I am writing to tell you something about the exhibition of traditional Chinese paintings held in our school.【高分句型一】（写信目的）
As scheduled，the event took place on April 20th in our school hall.Some experts were present and gave lectures on some well-known artists，through which we had a good understanding of traditional Chinese painting.【高分句型二】（国画展相关信息） Some paintings made by students were on display，which was a feast for the eyes.Every student present could feel the beauty of traditional Chinese painting，benefiting a lot from the activity.（你的感受）
Hopefully，you can join us next year.（希望）
Yours，
Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：Knowing that you are a lover of traditional Chinese painting，I am writing to tell you something about the exhibition of traditional Chinese paintings held in our school.
译文：知道你是国画爱好者，我写信告诉你一些关于我们学校举办的国画展览的事情。
分析：这句话使用了现在分词短语Knowing that you are a lover of traditional Chinese painting作状语。
高分句型二：Some experts were present and gave lectures on some well-known artists，through which we had a good understanding of traditional Chinese painting.
译文：一些专家出席了会议，并为一些知名艺术家做了讲座，通过这些讲座，我们对中国传统绘画有了很好的了解。
分析：这句话使用了through which引导的非限制性定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
2022-2023学年北京市平谷区高二（上）期末英语试卷
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In a winter evening，Gus Kiebel was driving home from work.Suddenly he(1)a pair of beagles in the flash of his headlights.It was snowing so hard，but he could tell the dogs were wearing collars and labels.Gus parked his truck and(2) the animals.He squatted（蹲） and stretched out his hands to the beagles.He read their labels by his truck's headlights—these two dogs were a couple.He (3) his phone to call the number listed，but it was snowing so hard that his screen blurred.
Then he placed the dogs in his truck and they snuggled（依偎） together.Gus dialed the number from the dogs'(4).Unfortunately，the call declined.But，Gus dialed again.A man(5)and immediately grew defensive."I gave those dogs away，"the man said."They're not mine anymore." The man hung up.
It was(6)that these beagles were abandoned.As a boy，Gus had dreamed of owning beagles，but he already had a family dog.The next day，he took the dogs to the shelter to drop them off—on one condition."I'm not signing the dogs over to you if you' re going to(7)them." he said.The shelter workers promised him they'd keep the couple together.
In the following days，Gus phoned the shelter(8)to check up on the pair of beagles.Soon after Christmas，the beagles were(9)，as a pair，and adopted to a loving family.What Gus did brought out the best in our nature.And when(10)and love overcome cruelty and the elements，it can feel like the greatest miracle of all.
1. A. checked B. spotted C. guided D. pushed
2. A. approached B. found C. got D. waited
3. A. picked up B. dropped out C. pulled up D. reached out
4. A. signs B. bags C. labels D. clothes
5. A. talked B. answered C. chatted D. cried
6. A. obvious B. fortunate C. desperate D. special
7. A. hurt B. drop C. raise D. separate
8. A. immediately B. accidentally C. repeatedly D. initially
9. A. protected B. adapted C. stolen D. chosen
10. A. kindness B. bravery C. generosity D. enthusiasm
11. 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
Last month，I passed by a cinema in the city center.A movie poster (1) （ catch）my eyes.To my amazement，the new film (2) （ produce） by Sam，one of my students.Sam was born in a poor family.His parents could not afford to send him to an art school (3) he could learn performance and filmmaking.So I helped and supported him.Sam had a talent for film and kept on all the way.
B
China's space medicine experts have started planning to set up a"space hospital " (4) （ serve） astronauts，according to a (5) （ lead） scientist.These experts are carrying out experiments and tests on the ground to advance the basic work on a space hospital.The value of this project is that it (6) （ enable） our space explorers to travel deeper and stay (7) （ healthy） during their journey.The research of such a space-based clinic will also help to develop our country's medical technology.
C
When a teacher asked his students to save their water bottles，Austin was determined to not just have a role to help the environment (8) to make a huge impact.The boy set out to collect hundreds of water bottle (9) （ cap），which would be recycled and used to make prosthetic limbs（假肢）."I went home and thought of a way I could collect enough to help out." Austin said that he (10) （ be）aware that it was a simple way to help out young kids in need.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
C
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization（UNESCO）is responsible for evaluating and judging whether a place could be titled The World Heritage Site.The group chooses sites based on historical and cultural importance，as well as their beauty.
The World Heritage in Beijing
Constructed from 1406 to 1420，The Temple of Heaven is an imperial complex of religious buildings situated in the central area of Beijing.The Temple of Heaven was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998 and was described as a masterpiece of architecture and landscape design.
The Temple comprises three main groups of constructions：The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests，The Imperial Vault of Heaven and The Circular Mound Altar.
The World Heritage in Luoyang
Situated on the central plain of China，Luoyang is one of the cradles of Chinese civilization.
The Longmen Grottoes，south of the city，were excavated and carved from 493 AD to 1127 AD.It was listed on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 2000.The images were carved as outside rock reliefs and inside artificial caves.There are as
many as 100，000 statues within the 2，345 caves.The area also has over sixty
Buddhist pagodas.
The World Heritage in Wiltshire
Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument in England.It consists of a ring of standing stones，topped by connecting stones.The whole monument，now ruinous，is oriented towards the sunrise on the Summer Solstice.
Stonehenge is regarded as a British cultural icon.The site and its surroundings were added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1986.
Archaeologists believe Stonehenge was constructed from 3000 BC to 2000 BC.It could have been a burial ground from its earliest beginnings.
12. What can we learn about Stonehenge？ ______
A. Stonehenge is a symbol of British culture.
B. Stonehenge has a history of 3000 years.
C. Stonehenge consists of stones and wood.
D. Stonehenge is not oriented towards the sunrise.
13. According to the passage，we can learn that ______ .
A. there are 100，000 caves in The Longmen Grottoes
B. The Temple of Heaven has three main groups of buildings
C. only one site in Luoyang is listed in The World Heritage Sites
D. the Temple of Heaven has been titled the World Heritage Site for 30 years
14. What do the three sites in the text have in common？ ______
A. They have caves，halls and statues.
B. They are ancient imperial buildings.
C. They all have historical and cultural value.
D. They are connected with Buddhist culture.
D
Marathon Man
In 1896，a young man from Greece named Spiridon Louis ran one of the most exciting footraces ever.
Born in 1873 in a small house in the rocky hills above Athens，Spiridon helped his father tend the sheep from a very young age.After gathering the wool，they walked to the Athens market to sell it.It was in Athens Spiridon's father told him the legend of Pheidippides，who ran from the village of Marathon to Athens，to tell his people that the Greeks had won a great battle，but died after delivering the message.The run of nearly 25 miles had been too much for him.The legend had inspired him for many years.
By the time he was in his early twenties，Spiridon was making a living selling fresh water from the hills.Twice a day he would load two barrels full of water on his mule and run alongside the mule to Athens，a trip of more than eight miles.Spiridon's legs and heart grew strong from all that running.When he heard that a long race would be part of the Olympic Games，he decided to enter.The race would be called marathon，in honor of the legend of Pheidippides.
Held on the last day of the Olympics in Athens，the race included many excellent runners from several countries.When there were six miles to go，Edwin Flack of Australia was in the lead.But Spiridon，who had started out at a slower，steady pace，began to gain ground，and won the first Olympic marathon.
The Summer Olympic Games take place once every four years，bringing together athletes from all over the world.Perhaps the story of Spiridon will inspire the next winner of the Olympic marathon，just as Spiridon was inspired by the legend of Pheidippides so long ago.
15. According to the legend，Phedippides died ______ .
A. in the village of Marathon
B. because of the long-distance run
C. on his way delivering the message
D. in the great battle that the Greek had won
16. How was Spiridon earning his living by the time he entered the race？ ______
A. By selling the wool.
B. By running the mule.
C. By selling fresh water from the hills.
D. By helping his father tend the sheep.
17. What can we learn from the passage？ ______
A. To load water，Spiridon ran the mule to Athens every day.
B. Spiridon practised running by loading barrels full of water.
C. Spiridon did not run faster than others at the beginning of the race.
D. The Olympic Games were held to honor the legend of Pheidippides.
18. Spiridon's story is written to ______ .
A. describe how Spiridon succeeded
B. honor the legend of Pheidippides
C. remember the first Olympic Games
D. motivate the athletes of the Olympic marathon
E
It's worth being aware that developmental changes could make children more sensitive to the negative side of social media.During the teenage years，for example，the brain changes massively，and this can influence how young people act and feel—including making them more sensitive to social relationships，and status.
"Being a teenager is a really a major time of development，" says Orben."You're much more impacted by your peers，you're much more interested in what other people think about you.And the design of social media might be more stressful at certain times."
As well as age，other factors could influence the impact of social media on children and teenagers—but researchers are only just beginning to explore these individual differences. "There will be people who are more negatively or positively impacted at different time points.That might be due to living different lives，going through development at different points.They might be using social media differently."says Orben.
For many parents，buying a child a phone is a practical decision."In a lot of cases，parents are the ones that want the younger children to have phones so that they can keep in touch throughout the day." says Odgers.
It can also be seen as a milestone on the road to adulthood."I think for children it gives them a sense of independence and responsibility，" says Anja Stevic，researcher at the University of Vienna，Austria."This is definitely something that parents should consider：are their children at a stage where they are responsible enough to have their own device？"
One factor parents shouldn't overlook is how comfortable they feel with their child having a smart phone.Besides，it's worth remembering，though，that having a smart phone need not open the floodgates to every single app or game available."I'm increasingly hearing，when I interview children，that parents are giving them the phone but introducing requirements to check and discuss which apps they get，and I think that is probably really wise，" says Livingstone.
19. According to the passage，which of the following statements is TRUE？ ______
A. Parents feel comfortable when children have smart phones.
B. Many parents have a tendency to buy children smart phones.
C. Age does not influence the impact of social media on children.
D. It is unacceptable for parents to check apps on children's phones.
20. What's the writer's attitude towards buying children smart phones？ ______
A. Concerned. B. Puzzled. C. Pessimistic. D. Subjective.
21. Which would be the best title for the passage？ ______
A. Parents'Practical Decision B. Negative Sides of Social Media
C. An Introduction of Apps & Games D. When to Buy Children Smartphones
F
In many languages，the word for"mother/mom"takes an m-sound.Is there any reason for such near-universality？
Linguists（语言学家） generally argue for"the arbitrariness of the sign"；no connection exists between the word dog and the furry .A rare exception is onomatopoeia，where words representing the bark of a dog（bow-wow） and the buzz made by a bee are more or less similar to the sound.Yet most things are not subject to naming this way.
What about mama？It does not sound like a mother，but the fact is that some sounds are more widespread than others around the world.There are many dozens of observed consonants which are rare and hard for non-natives to learn.
In contrast，a few—such as b，m，p，t，d and k—show up far more frequently，in nearly every spoken language in the world.That is almost certainly because they are easy to make.A baby vocalising will，at first，make a vowel-like sound，usually something like"ah"，which requires little in the way of control over the mouth.If they briefly close their mouth and continue vocalising，air will come out of their nose，thus making the m-sound that is used in"mother"around the world.
Though the"mamas" bear the most obvious similarity，the"papas" have striking commonalities，too.Babies can easily stop their breath when they close their lips（rather than going on breathing through the nose）.This produces a b-or a p-sound.It is surely for this reason that so many names for"father"use these.consonants：papa in English，abb in Arabic and baba in Mandarin.T-and d-sounds are similarly basic，involving a simple tap of the tongue against the teeth：hence daddy，tatay（Tagalog） or tayta（Quechua）.
Father and mother are，therefore，an oddity.F-is not especially easy to utter（发音）；th-sounds are even harder.English，Greek and Spanish are unusual in having them.Even Anglophone children may struggle with th-sounds when they are five，or older still in many cases.
Anyway，it is hard to find linguistic universals amid the world's dazzling variety.
22. What does the underlined word" "in Paragraph 2 most probably refer to？ ______
A. Pronunciation B. Sound C. Bee D. Animal
23. " Mamas " and " papas " are used so universally because ______ .
A. the sounds of the two words sound alike
B. air will come out of baby's mouth directly
C. the sounds can be easily and naturally uttered
D. babies can continue their breath when closing their lips
24. According to the passage，which of the following words might be the most difficult to articulate？ ______
A. Fortheoming. B. Programme. C. Magnificent. D. Magazine.
25. What is the passage mainly about？ ______
A. Inspiration from babies' smile and talks.
B. Linguists'efforts to the research of sounds.
C. Connection between the word mum and dad.
D. Reasons for similar sounds in unrelated languages.
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Six Tips for Freshmen
Starting college can be a stressful experience.It introduces a lot of big changes in your life.Here are six tips for freshmen.
1. (1)
Of all the tips for college，this one might be the most practical.Make sure to consider what use at home on a daily or weekly basis，and take a look at what a college student has suggested you bring!
2.Be comfortable being on your own.
(2) The tasks for which you once relied on your parents are now your responsibility，so it is important that you come to school knowing basic skills，how to do laundry，and how to follow a routine.
3.Have an idea of what you want to study.
Declaring your major immediately upon getting accepted into college is not life or death. (3) Internships（实习期） are also a great way to dip your toes in the water and find out whether or not you are interested in a certain career.
4.Put yourself out there.
For those who struggle to make friends，finding people who you share interests with is always a good place to start.Joining a local club or activity that you enjoy can help you to meet new people that like the same things that you do.
5.Practice good habits.
Being away from home and the structure of middle school for the first time causes many college freshmen to form bad habits. (4) These will help ensure you stay in good health and make your college experience much smoother.
(5)
Budgeting（预算） can be a very simple way to understand and monitor your spending habits.A simple spreadsheet with your monthly expenses and income is a great way to start listing your spending.
A.Learn to manage your finances.
B.Make sure to take classes that interest you.
C.Making good friend is very important in college.
D.Know what things you need for a college dorm.
E.Establish a healthy system，and eat a balanced diet.
F.You could do a part time job to earn more money.
G.In most cases，college is the first time that you will be completely on your own.
26. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
27. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
28. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
29. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
30. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
31. Years ago，Jason was a college professor with a big house.But ______（ know）that many people were living in poor conditions，he ______（ feel） guilty.
32. Everyone ______（ experience） stress.For students，studying for many hours and preparing for exams can really have an influence ______our well- being and health.
33. Last year，I tried ______（ share）a car with my colleagues ______ live near me but it still took so long.
34. I spent a happy hour ______（sit） in a café， ______（think） about the good times I had had there as a student.
35. Without a teacher，he taught ______（ him） how to use a computer，and by the age of 12 he ______（ know） three different programming languages.
36. 从方框中选择最恰当的词，并用其正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
severe superb spell expand behave
When Helen was young she lost her sight and hearing.With these (1) restrictions to her communication，Helen's (2) was often unbearable and sometimes she was troublesome，stubborn and angry with a tendency to break things when she was not understood.Anne Sullivan was a (3) teacher.Anne's technique was simple and straightforward.She put an object into Helen's hand and (4) out the word on her other hand.The precious knowledge she taught Helen gave her hope and joy.From"doll"and"water"，Helen's knowledge and vocabulary (5) and this changed her thinking process.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
37. 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The term"moonlight clan"refers to low-income earners in China who spend all of their income meeting their basic needs.According to CCTV in 2021，40 percent of singles in China's first-tier cities belong to the"moonlight clan." On the other hand，the Chinese household savings rate remains high.The average savings rate in China is over 45 percent.In other words，nearly half of a household's income does not flow back into the economy but sits in a bank account （or somewhere else）.
Some experts are concerned about this high rate because of limited capital flows and a less active currency.But considering current economic situation in China，the high savings rate is a good thing.
To cope with pressure，the Chinese government has introduced a series of policies to stimulate residents' consumption，such as encouraging the purchase of vehicles in the countryside and providing consumption vouchers（消费券）.High savings rates are undoubtedly an important support for these policies because without actual money in the bank，no matter how encouraging the policies are，the public just won't shop.
Despite a still very active market，China needs more effective measures to persuade more people to start spending again and stimulate the economy.And once more people feel like spending freely again，China's domestic market will surely grow stronger，promising sound economic growth in the long term.
(1) According to the passage，what does the term"moonlight clan"refer to？ ______
(2) Why are some experts worried about the high household savings rate？ ______
(3) Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why.
＞To cope with the current difficult economic situation，the Chinese government forced the people to consume. ______
（4）Would you like to be a member of the"moonlight clan"in the future？Why or why not？（In about 40 words） ______
38. 假如你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国好友Jim从社交媒体上看到了你参观学校国画展览的照片，写信向你了解情况。请给他回信，内容包括：
（1）国画展相关信息（时间、地点、目的等）；
（2）你的感受。
国画展：the exhibition of traditional Chinese paintings
注意：（1）词数100左右；
（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
_____
Yours，
Li Hua
答案和解析
1~10.【答案】B、A、D、C、B、A、D、C、D、A
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.checked检查；B.spotted看见；C.guided带领；D.pushed推。根据后文"It was snowing so hard，but he could tell the dogs were wearing collars and labels."可知，虽然雪很大但是他依然可以辨别出狗带着项圈和标签，说明他之前在车灯下看见了两只狗。故选B项。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.approached接近；B.found发现；C.got到达；D.waited等待。根据后文"He squatted（蹲） and stretched out his hands to the beagles."可知，他蹲下身并且把手伸向小狗，推断他停车是为了接近小狗。故选A项。
（3）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.picked up捡起；B.dropped out退出；C.pulled up拔起；D.reached out掏出。根据下文"but it was snowing so hard that his screen blurred"可知，雪下地太大他看不清屏幕，可推断他掏出手机是为了打电话。故选D项。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.signs标志；B.bags书包；C.labels标签；D.clothes衣服。根据前文"the dogs were wearing collars and labels"可知，狗带着项圈和标签，推断出格斯要想知道狗主人的信息需要拨打标签上的电话，labels为原词复现。故选C项。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.talked谈话；B.answered回答；C.chatted聊天；D.cried哭。根据下文"The man hung up"可知，男人挂断了电话，推断出之前这个男人接了电话。故选B项。
（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.obvious明显的；B.fortunate幸运的；C.desperate绝望的；D.special分开的。根据前文 …I gave those dogs away，"the man said."They're not mine anymore."及后文"these beagles were abandoned"可知，狗被遗弃是一个显而易见的事实。故选A项。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.hurt伤害；B.drop掉落；C.raise提升；D.separate分开。根据后文"The shelter workers promised him they'd keep the couple together."可知，收容所的工人答应格斯会让这对狗在一起，推断出格斯的要求是不让这对狗分开。故选D项。
（8）考查副词及语境理解。A.immediately立刻地；B.accidentally偶然地；C.repeatedly反复地；D.initially最初。根据后文"check up on the pair of beagles"可知，格斯检查这对狗的情况说明他对狗很关心，推断出他应该是反复打电话去检查狗的情况。故选C项。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.protected保护；B.adapted调整；C.stolen偷；D.chosen选择。根据后文"adopted to a loving family"可知，狗被收养了，说明它们在收容所里被选中了。故选D项。
（10）考查名词及语境理解。A.kindness善良；B.bravery勇敢；C.generosity慷慨；D.enthusiasm热情。根据and并列结构可知，当善良和爱战胜了残忍和恶劣的环境，这就好像是最伟大的奇迹。空格处需要填一个和love含义相近的词汇，kindness意为"善良"符合句意。故选A项。
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了格斯在一个风雪之夜救了一对被人遗弃的小猎犬，他把狗送到了收容所后依然很关心它们，终于这对小狗在圣诞节被领养的故事。
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应和语境。
11.【答案】【小题1】caught
【小题2】was produced
【小题3】where
【小题4】to serve
【小题5】leading
【小题6】enables
【小题7】healthier
【小题8】but
【小题9】caps
【小题10】was
【解析】A
（1）考查动词。句意：一张电影海报引起了我的注意。分析句子可知，此处在句中作谓语，根据Last month以及上下文时态可知，本句是一般过去时，此处应填动词的过去式。故填caught。
（2）考查动词。句意：令我惊讶的是，这部新电影是由我的一个学生Sam制作的。分析句子可知，此处在句中作谓语，根据Last month以及上下文时态可知，本句是一般过去时，此处应填动词的过去式，主语new film和谓语动词produce之间为被动关系，故此处用一般过去时的被动语态形式。故填was produced。
（3）考查定语从句的关系词。句意：他的父母没钱送他去艺术学校学习表演和电影制作。分析句子可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词art school在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
B
（4）考查不定式。句意：据一位著名科学家介绍，中国的太空医学专家已经开始计划建立一家为宇航员服务的"太空医院"。分析可知，此处在句中作目的状语。故填to serve。
（5）考查形容词。句意：据一位著名科学家介绍，中国的太空医学专家已经开始计划建立一家为宇航员服务的"太空医院"。根据a和scientist可知，此处应填形容词。leading scientist"著名的科学家"。故填leading。
（6）考查动词。句意：这个项目的价值在于，它使我们的太空探险者能够在旅途中更深入地旅行和更健康。分析句子可知，此处在句中作谓语，根据前面的"is"可知，本句是一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，故此处用第三人称单数形式。故填enables。
（7）考查形容词比较级。句意：这个项目的价值在于，它使我们的太空探险者能够在旅途中更深入地旅行和更健康。根据句意以及前面的"deeper"可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填healthier。
C
（8）考查固定搭配。句意：当一位老师要求他的学生保存他们的水瓶时，奥斯汀决心不仅要起到保护环境的作用，还要产生巨大的影响。not just...but..."不仅……还……"。故填but。
（9）考查可数名词的复数。句意：这名男孩开始收集数百个水瓶帽，这些水瓶帽将被回收并用于制作假肢。根据前面的" hundreds of "可知，此处应填可数名词的复数形式。故填caps。
（10）考查时态。句意：奥斯汀说，他意识到这是一个帮助有需要的孩子的简单方法。根据前面的said和后面的was可知，本句是一般过去时，主语he是第三人称单数，此处应用be动词is的过去式。故填was。
A：本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了上个月，作者经过市中心的一家电影院。一张电影海报引起了作者的注意。令作者惊讶的是，这部新电影是由作者的一个学生Sam制作的。
B：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了中国太空医学专家建立"太空医院"的准备工作以及它的意义和价值。
C：本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了奥斯汀受到一位老师的影响，决定从自己做起，用实际行动保护环境的故事。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
12~14.【答案】A、B、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据The World Heritage in Wiltshire部分中第二段Stonehenge is regarded as a British cultural icon.（巨石阵被视为英国文化的象征。）可知，A项正确；根据第一段Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument in England.It consists of a ring of standing stones，topped by connecting stones.The whole monument，now ruinous，is oriented towards the sunrise on the Summer Solstice.（巨石阵是英格兰的史前遗迹。它由一圈直立的石头组成，顶部是连接的石头。整个纪念碑现在已经破败不堪，在夏至日的时候对准了日出的方向。）可知，巨石阵由石头组成，排除C项。整个纪念碑在夏至日的时候对准了日出的方向，D项表述错误；根据第三段中Archaeologists believe Stonehenge was constructed from 3000 BC to 2000 BC.It could have been a burial ground from its earliest beginnings.（考古学家认为巨石阵建于公元前3000年至公元前2000年。）可知，巨石阵建于公元前3000年至公元前2000年，而不是有3000年的历史，排除B项。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据The World Heritage in Beijing部分中The Temple of Heaven was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998（1998年，天坛被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产）和The Temple comprises three main groups of constructions：The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests，The Imperial Vault of Heaven and The Circular Mound Altar.（天坛由三组主要建筑组成：祈年殿、皇家天穹和圆形祭坛。）可知，天坛于1998年被列为世界遗产，距今有25年，而不是30年，排除D项；天坛有三大建筑组成，B项正确；根据The World Heritage in Luoyang部分中The Longmen Grottoes...was listed on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 2000.（2000年龙门石窟被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录）和There are as many as 100，000 statues within the 2，345 caves.（在2345个洞穴中有多达10万尊雕像。）可知，龙门石窟被列入世界遗产名录，但并不说明洛阳只有一处遗址被列入世界遗产名录，排除C项；龙门石窟有2345个洞穴，洞穴中有多达10万尊雕像，故A项表述错误。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据第一段中The group chooses sites based on historical and cultural importance，as well as their beauty.（该组织根据历史和文化的重要性以及它们的美丽来选择地点。）可知，文中的三个景点都具有历史和文化价值。故选C。
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三处被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产的景点。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
15~18.【答案】B、C、C、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中It was in Athens Spiridon's father told him the legend of Pheidippides，who ran from the village of Marathon to Athens，to tell his people that the Greeks had won a great battle，but died after delivering the message.The run of nearly 25 miles had been too much for him.（正是在雅典，斯皮里东的父亲告诉他菲迪皮德斯的传说，他从马拉松村跑到雅典，告诉他的人民，希腊人赢得了一场伟大的战斗，但在传递消息后死去。近25英里的路程让他吃不消。）可知，根据传说，Phedippides的死是由于长跑造成的，故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中By the time he was in his early twenties，Spiridon was making a living selling fresh water from the hills.When he heard that a long race would be part of the Olympic Games，he decided to enter.（在他二十出头的时候，斯皮里东靠卖山上的谈水谋生.当他听说长跑将是奥运会的一个项目时，他决定参加。）可知，在斯皮里东参加比赛前，他是靠卖山上的淡水为生，故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中But Spiridon，who had started out at a slower，steady pace，began to gain ground，and won the first Olympic marathon.（但是斯皮里东一开始跑得比较慢，比较稳，随后开始跑快了，并赢得了第一届奥运会马拉松比赛。）可知，在比赛开始时，斯皮里东并没有比其他人跑得更快。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中Perhaps the story of Spiridon will inspire the next winner of the Olympic marathon，just as Spiridon was inspired by the legend of Pheidippides so long ago.（也许斯皮里东的故事会激励下一个奥运会马拉松冠军，就像很久以前斯皮里东受到菲迪皮德斯传说的启发一样。）可知，文章讲述斯皮里东的故事是为了激励奥林匹克马拉松运动员，故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了斯皮里东受到菲迪皮德斯传说的启发，开始参加马拉松比赛，并获得冠军的故事。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
19~21.【答案】B、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第四段For many parents，buying a child a phone is a practical decision."In a lot of cases，parents are the ones that want the younger children to have phones so that they can keep in touch throughout the day." says Odgers.（对于许多父母来说，给孩子买手机是一个实际的决定。"在很多情况下，父母都希望年幼的孩子有手机，这样他们就可以整天保持联系。"Odgers说。）可知，许多父母都有给孩子买智能手机的倾向。故选B。
（2）观点态度题。根据第一段It's worth being aware that developmental changes could make children more sensitive to the negative side of social media.During the teenage years，for example，the brain changes massively，and this can influence how young people act and feel—including making them more sensitive to social relationships，and status.（值得注意的是，发育变化可能会使儿童对社交媒体的负面更敏感。例如，在青少年时期，大脑发生了巨大的变化，这可以影响年轻人的行为和感觉--包括使他们对社会关系和地位更加敏感。）和第三段第一句As well as age，other factors could influence the impact of social media on children and teenagers—but researchers are only just beginning to explore these individual differences.（除了年龄，其他因素也会影响社交媒体对儿童和青少年的影响，但研究人员才刚刚开始探索这些个体差异。）可知，作者认为年龄和其他因素都使社交媒体对儿童和青少年产生负面影响，所以对于父母给儿童买智能手机感到很担心。结合选项A.Concerned.担心的，忧虑的；B.Puzzled.困惑的；C.Pessimistic.悲观的；D.Subjective.主观的。分析可知，A项符合作者的态度。故选A。
（3）标题归纳题。根据全文内容，结合倒数第二段中的Then I saw a street and found Castello Estense，which owes its name to the powerful family d'Estense．（它也可以被视为成年道路上的一个里程碑。奥地利维也纳大学的研究人员安雅•史蒂夫克说："我认为这给了孩子们一种独立和责任感。""这绝对是父母应该考虑的问题：他们的孩子是否已经到了足够负责任、可以拥有自己手机的阶段？"。）可知，本文分析了社交媒体对儿童和青少年产生负面影响，让父母们考虑好什么时候给孩子买智能手机。A.Parents'Practical Decision父母的实际决定；B.Negative Sides of Social Media社交媒体的负面影响；C.An Introduction of Apps & Games应用程序和游戏的介绍；D.When to Buy Children Smartphones什么时候给孩子买智能手机。分析可知，D项能准确概括文章的大意。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了社交媒体对儿童和青少年产生负面影响，让父母们考虑好什么时候给孩子买智能手机。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
22~25.【答案】D、C、A、D
【解析】（1）词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句子no connection exists between the word dog and the furry .（单词dog和毛茸茸的quadruped之间没有任何联系。）及句中 "dog"和"furry"（长毛的）可知，划线词应该是指和狗一样的长毛的动物。结合选项A.Pronunciation发音；B.Sound声音；C.Bee蜜蜂；D.Animal动物。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段中的In contrast，a few—such as b，m，p，t，d and k—show up far more frequently，in nearly every spoken language in the world.That is almost certainly because they are easy to make.（有少数几个，比如b、m、p、t、d和k，在世界上几乎每一种口语中出现的频率都要高得多，这几乎可以肯定是因为它们容易发出。）可知，"Mamas"和"Papas"被如此普遍使用是因为它们会很容易、很自然地被发出读音。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的F-is not especially easy to utter（发音）；th-sounds are even harder.（F-不是特别容易发音；th-音更难发音。）可知，选项A.Fortheoming.中的含有"F"和"h"，所以最难清晰地发音。故选A。
（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段In many languages，the word for"mother/mom"takes an m-sound.Is there any reason for such near-universality？（在许多语言中，""mother/mom"这个词带有m音，这种近乎普遍的现象有什么原因吗？）并结合全文可知，本文主要介绍了不相关语言发音相似的原因。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要在介绍了在不同的语言中，一些相似的发音存在的原因是什么。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
26~30.【答案】D、G、B、E、A
【解析】（1）标题归纳题。根据下文Of all the tips for college，this one might be the most practical.Make sure to consider what use at home on a daily or weekly basis，and take a look at what a college student has suggested you bring!（在所有关于大学生活的建议中，这一条可能是最实用的。一定要考虑每天或每周在家用什么，看看一个大学生建议你带什么!）可知，本段主要讲述新生上大学前要考虑带哪些东西。故D项"知道你在大学宿舍需要什么东西。"能够概括段落大意，符合语境。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据小标题Be comfortable being on your own.（适应自己一个人。）以及下文The tasks for which you once relied on your parents are now your responsibility，so it is important that you come to school knowing basic skills，how to do laundry，and how to follow a routine.（你曾经依靠父母做的事情现在是你自己的责任，所以你上学时知道基本的技能，如何洗衣服，以及如何遵守常规是很重要的。）可知，上了大学后生活要自理，不能再依靠父母了。故G项"在大多数情况下，大学是你第一次完全依靠自己。"承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
（3）推理判断题。根据小标题Have an idea of what you want to study.（明确自己想学什么。）和上文 Declaring your major immediately upon getting accepted into college is not life or death.（被大学录取后立即申报专业并不是一件生死攸关的事情。）以及下文Internships（实习期） are also a great way to dip your toes in the water and find out whether or not you are interested in a certain career.（实习也是一个很好的方法，可以让你试一试，看看自己是否对某一职业感兴趣。）可知，在大学要选自己感兴趣的课程。故B项"一定要参加你感兴趣的课程。"承上启下，符合语境。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据小标题Practice good habits.（养成好习惯。）和上文 Being away from home and the structure of middle school for the first time causes many college freshmen to form bad habits.（第一次离开家和中学的环境会使许多大学新生养成坏习惯。）以及下文These will help ensure you stay in good health and make your college experience much smoother.（这些习惯将有助于你保持身体健康，使你的大学生活更加顺利。）可知，上大学后要养成好习惯。故E项"建立健康的身体系统，均衡饮食。"承上启下，符合语境。故选E。
（5）标题归纳题。根据下文Budgeting（预算） can be a very simple way to understand and monitor your spending habits.A simple spreadsheet with your monthly expenses and income is a great way to start listing your spending.（预算是了解和监控自己消费习惯的一种非常简单的方法。用一个简单的电子表格列出你每月的支出和收入是列出你的支出的好方法。）可知，本段主要讲述新生上大学要学会理财。故A项"学会理财。"能够概括段落大意，符合语境。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了给大学新生在生活方面和学习方面的六条建议。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
31.【答案】knowing
【解析】分析句子结构可知，第一空是非谓语作状语，主语和know之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词；第二空是谓语，根据前面的时间及句中时态可知，本句陈述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时，主语he和feel是主动关系，所以用主动语态。
故填：knowing；felt。
几年前，Jason是一位大学教授，有一所大房子。但知道许多人生活条件很差，他感到内疚。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
32.【答案】experiences
【解析】experience"经历"，因表示的是一般事实，要用一般现在时，主语Everyone是不定代词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；have an influence on"对……有影响"，是固定搭配。
故填：experiences；on。
每个人都经历过压力。对于学生来说，长时间学习和准备考试真的会对我们的身心健康产生影响。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
33.【答案】to share
【解析】try to do sth."努力去做某事"，所以第一空应用to share；分析可知，第二空引导定语从句，并且在句中作主语，先行词为my colleagues，指人，所以第二空应用who。
故填：to share；who。
去年，我努力去跟我住得近的同事拼车，但还是花了很长时间。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
34.【答案】sitting
【解析】分析句子结构可知，spend后面接时间（钱）+doing是固定搭配，所以第一空用动名词形式；第二空是非谓语作伴随状语，主语和think之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词。
故填：sitting；thinking。
我在咖啡馆里坐着，度过了一个小时的快乐时光，想着我作为学生在那里度过的美好时光。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
35.【答案】himself
【解析】him"他"，主语和宾语为同一个人，用反身代词oneself作宾语，本句主语为he，故宾语为himself；know"知道"，根据句中时间状语by the age of 12可知，要用过去分词完成时，其过去分词是known。
故填：himself；had known。
在没有老师的情况下，他自学了如何使用计算机，到12岁时，他已经知道了三种不同的编程语言。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
36.【答案】【小题1】severe
【小题2】behaviour
【小题3】superb
【小题4】spelt
【小题5】expanded
【解析】（1）考查形容词。句意：这些严重的障碍限制了海伦的正常交流，她的行为常常令人难以忍受，有时她很烦人，固执，生气，当她不被理解时，她倾向于打破东西。分析可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰后文名词restrictions，结合句意可知，形容词severe"严重的"符合题意。故填severe。
（2）考查不可数名词。句意：这些严重的障碍限制了海伦的正常交流，她的行为常常令人难以忍受，有时她很烦人，固执，生气，当她不被理解时，她倾向于打破东西。分析可知，名词所有格Helen's后应用名词作主语，结合句意可知，不可数名词behaviour"行为"符合题意。故填behaviour。
（3）考查形容词。句意：安妮•苏利文是一位出色的老师。分析可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰后文名词teacher，结合句意可知，形容词superb"极好的"符合题意。故填superb。
（4）考查动词时态。句意：她把一个物体放到海伦手里，并用另一只手拼出这个词。分析可知，所填词为句子谓语动词且表示"拼写"应用动词spell，结合上下文可知，句子是在叙述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填spelt。
（5）考查动词时态。句意：从"洋娃娃"到"水"，海伦的知识和词汇量都扩大了，这也改变了她的思维过程。分析可知，所填词为句子谓语动词且表示"扩大"应用动词expand，结合上下文可知，句子是在叙述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填expanded。
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了海伦•凯乐和她的老师安妮•苏利文的故事。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法，判断词性
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境，确定词形
当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如动词的人称数，时态，语态，固定短语；名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。
37.【答案】【小题1】The term"moonlight clan"refers to low-income earners in China who spend all of their income meeting their basic needs.
【小题2】Some experts are concerned about this high rate because of limited capital flows and a less active currency.
【小题3】To cope with pressure，the Chinese government has introduced a series of policies to stimulate residents' consumption.
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的The term"moonlight clan"refers to low-income earners in China who spend all of their income meeting their basic needs.（术语月光族是指中国的低收入者把他们所有的收入用来满足日常生活基本需要。）可知，月光族就是收入较低，全部收入用来支付日常生活所需而没有剩余。故答案为The term"moonlight clan"refers to low-income earners in China who spend all of their income meeting their basic needs.
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的 Some experts are concerned about this high rate because of limited capital flows and a less active currency.（一些专家担心这一高储蓄率是因为有限的资本流动和货币不活跃。）可知，专心担心储蓄率而不消费，那么货币流通不活跃，则经济不能得到发展。故答案为 Some experts are concerned about this high rate because of limited capital flows and a less active currency.
（3）细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的To cope with pressure，the Chinese government has introduced a series of policies to stimulate residents' consumption.（为了应对压力，中国政府出台了一系列政策来刺激居民消费。）可知，政府面对高储蓄率以及经济发展缓滞而希望通过政策来激励消费，即鼓励消费而不是强迫消费。故答案为To cope with pressure，the Chinese government has introduced a series of policies to stimulate residents' consumption.
（4）观点态度题。根据文章第二段中的But considering current economic situation in China，the high savings rate is a good thing.（但是考虑我们中国目前的经济形式，高储蓄率是一件好事。）可知，在我们国家，人们向来有储蓄的习惯，以备应对各种问题。故答案为I would not like to be a member of the "moonlight clan"in the future.Because I think that we should save some money in case we are faced with some unexpected things such as illness，accidents or something else.
本文是一篇说明文，说明了在中国有大量月光族的年轻人，同时也有着高储蓄率。政府针对经济压力出台一系列政府刺激消费。
阅读表达，要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，根据短文后的题目，在文中找到相关的内容，并用简洁、准确的句子，将理解的内容，书面表达出来。做题时，注意表达的内容不要超出规定的字数。
38.【答案】Dear Jim，
How are you doing？Knowing that you are a lover of traditional Chinese painting，I am writing to tell you something about the exhibition of traditional Chinese paintings held in our school.【高分句型一】（写信目的）
As scheduled，the event took place on April 20th in our school hall.Some experts were present and gave lectures on some well-known artists，through which we had a good understanding of traditional Chinese painting.【高分句型二】（国画展相关信息） Some paintings made by students were on display，which was a feast for the eyes.Every student present could feel the beauty of traditional Chinese painting，benefiting a lot from the activity.（你的感受）
Hopefully，you can join us next year.（希望）
Yours，
Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：Knowing that you are a lover of traditional Chinese painting，I am writing to tell you something about the exhibition of traditional Chinese paintings held in our school.
译文：知道你是国画爱好者，我写信告诉你一些关于我们学校举办的国画展览的事情。
分析：这句话使用了现在分词短语Knowing that you are a lover of traditional Chinese painting作状语。
高分句型二：Some experts were present and gave lectures on some well-known artists，through which we had a good understanding of traditional Chinese painting.
译文：一些专家出席了会议，并为一些知名艺术家做了讲座，通过这些讲座，我们对中国传统绘画有了很好的了解。
分析：这句话使用了through which引导的非限制性定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
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