中考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 科普环保类四（含答案）

1、 Earlier this year, China achieved a new milestone (里程碑) in space research. On January 3, 2019, Chang'e-4 became the first lunar probe (月球探测器) in history to successfully land on the far side of the moon.

The Earth's gravity (重力) slows the moon's rotation (自转), matching it to the speed of its orbit (公转). Therefore, the far side of the moon is almost "dark" and has never been seen. It's this sense of the unknown that makes the far side of the moon such an interesting place for scientific and space research. Being blown by solar (太阳的) winds, the far side may have the special minerals (矿物质 ).  For this reason, Chang'e-4 will study the effect of solar winds on the lunar surface and any mineral found by the spacecraft. Chang'e-4 is also carrying flower seeds, potatoes and silkworm eggs to see whether life is possible on the moon. If it is, then the moon will become a possible choice for space travel in the future.

However, research of the "dark" side isn't easy. As the far side is blocked（阻断） off from us, radio noise coming off Earth is also blocked. This is why China's relay satellite (中继卫星) Queqiao was sent up in May, 2018. Thanks to Queqiao, the communication problem between

Earth and Chang'e-4 has been well solved.

Power supply (电源供应) is also a challenge to the task. Chang'e-4 gets energy from the sun through its solar panels. As we know, a lunar day has the length (长度) of 28 Earth days. After Chang'e-4 was sent up on December 8, 2018, it took the probe over 20 days to orbit the moon to be in a position to be able to land in moon daylight and use its solar panels.

Luckily, everything goes well, Chang'e-4 has worked on the "dark" side for over 5 months. It has sent back many photos of the far side of the moon and has been used to carry out some scientific experiments.

The New York Times used the word "groundbreaking" to praise the task and wrote that "it will offer help to the history and development of the moon".

26. When was Chang'e-4 sent up?

A. In May, 2018.         B. On December 8, 2018.

C. On January 3, 2019.         D. The passage doesn't tell us.

27. The main tasks of Chang'e-4 don't include ___________________.

A. studying if life is possible on the moon

B. studying the effect of solar winds on the lunar surface

C. solving the communication problem between Earth and other probes

D. researching any mineral found by the spacecraft

28. The meaning of the underlined word "groundbreaking" in the last paragraph is the closest to

"________________".

A. harmful    B. unpredictable    C. risky      D. pioneering

2、 We know people can be nice, but what about animals?

Scientists say that some animals are capable（有能力的）of being nice. Animals that live in groups-like foxes, chimpanzees（大猩猩）, and elephants-follow rules. They have to follow rules to get along and to survive（生存）. However, animals can act nicely, even when they don't have to. Here are some surprising stories about animal behavior.

Most people usually walk away when someone is unkind to them. Marc Bekoff, a researcher at the University of Colorado, saw a female（母的）red fox do just that. The female fox was unhappy because a male（公的）fox played roughly（粗鲁地）with her. When she walked away, the male fox showed her that he wanted to play nicely. He lowered his head and rolled on his back. The female fox gave him another chance, and this time, he played more gently.

Geza Teleki is a scientist who studies chimpanzees in Tanzania. One day, Teleki hiked far away from his campsite. He didn't have any food. Teleki wanted some fruit from a tree, but the tree was too tall. A young chimpanzee watched him curiously as he tried to get something to eat. The chimpanzee climbed the tree, picked the fruit, and gave it to him!

An elephant in Kenya hurt his trunk（象鼻子）. He needed help because he couldn't put food into his mouth. Researcher Kayhan Ostovar watched silently. He saw the hurt elephant show his sore trunk to a healthy elephant. The healthy elephant didn't need any more information. He took a bush and put it carefully into his new friend's mouth.

Hippos（河马）and crocodiles are usually good friends. They hang out together in rivers. But Karen Paolillo, a wildlife expert in Zimbabwe, saw something surprising. One day, a crocodile tried to eat a monkey that was next to a river. A hippo ran quickly to the crocodile and chased it away. Why did the hippo attack（攻击）the crocodile? Paolillo says hippos sometimes protect other animals from crocodiles.

41. The main idea of the passage is     .

A. animals that live in groups follow rules

B. some animals can be nice to other animals

C. most animals are nice to people

42. The underlined phrase “do just that” means     .

A. be nice      B. play roughly       C. walk away

43. We can say that Teleki     .

A. is short        B. hates hiking       C. could not climb the tree

44. The elephant needed help because ____.

A. the tree was too tall    B. it could not use its trunk  C. it had no food

45. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to ____.

A. the crocodile      B. the chimpanzee     C. the monkey

3、 Last night I had an unusual dream. I dreamed that I was flying. When I moved my arms up and down, I moved higher into the sky. I felt as free as a bird.

— Martha, aged 35

I had a bad dream that kept coming back. I walked out of my bedroom, and a monster came out and chased me.

— Jason, aged 14

Just like a movie, a dream has a story to tell and it has something to do with your life. Dreams are like scenes in a movie. So, take a closer look at your dreams, your dreams may be telling you something. Dreams can open doors into your world.

Flying is a positive symbol in a dream. Flying in dreams may mean success, confidence, and “being on top of it all.”

Monsters in dreams often show fears. For Jason, the monsters may stand for the adults who control his life. Or it may mean Jason’s fears about growing up and he is very upset.

Here are some other common symbols in dreams:

Mountains: Mountains are difficulties, so to dream of successfully climbing a mountain can show a true feeling of achievement.

Big waves: Water is peaceful in life. But a big wave(波浪) in dreams probably means an emotional(情感的) worry.

Food: Food is a symbol of knowledge, because it nourishes the body just as information nourishes the brain. However, it could just be food.

According to Scientific American, an American science magazine, dreaming is a way to create a memory of your current(当前的) emotion. You may dream the same things again and again. They are like a bridge which connects your experience with your emotion and memories. They will help you get a better understanding of yourself.

41. What might Martha’s dream tell her?

A. She may be afraid of flying.  B. She may like flying a lot.

C. She may be very successful.   D. She may be very upset.

42. What does the underlined word “it” refer to?

A. Movie.    B. Dream      C. Story.     D. Life.

43. If you dream of climbing mountains successfully, how may you feel?

A. Afraid.   B. Peaceful.     C. Worried.   D. Satisfied

44. What might happen to Jason before he slept according to his dream?

A. He went swimming in the pool with friends.

B. He was forced to take after-school classes.

C. He felt very confident about his schoolwork.

D. He read a book about making Russian soup.

45. What can you learn from the passage?

A. Jason chased the monster in his dream.

B. Food in a dream means the fear of life.

C. You won’t dream about the same things again.

D. You may know more about yourself from dreams.

4、 If you watch the sky for about an hour after the sun goes down, you may see some “moving stars”. But they’re not real stars. They’re man-made satellites(人造卫星). And the biggest of all is the International Space Station (ISS). From May to July is the best season to watch the ISS flying over the earth. And people can see it with their eyes.
    The ISS is the biggest satellite and scientists want to live on it. They think that the best way to learn more about space is to live there.
    When the space station is finished, it will be like a city in space. People will stay and study there with many of the things they have at home. Laboratories, living rooms and power stations are being built. The ISS is the most expensive space program. Billions of dollars are being spent on it every year. 
    Scientists hope that the ISS will be a stepping stone for future space exploration(探测). “The ISS will help us understand the human body better, explore space and study the earth. It can help us make life on the earth better,” said Kathryn Clark, an ISS scientist. 
    Sixteen countries are part of the program: the US, Russia, Canada, Japan, Brazil and 11 European countries. China isn’t an ISS country, but it has helped with some of the experiments. In 2003, China sent some rice up to the ISS to find out what space would do to it.

(    )1.The International Space Station_____________.         

     A. is really a big city in space     B. is the biggest man-made satellite

  C. can only help us explore space     D. is mainly built by the USA and Russia

(    )3.From the passage we know that_____________.             

     A. building the ISS is only for scientists to live there

   B. scientists can do anything they like there

  C. people can see the Space Station at any time

  D. sixteen countries are members of the space program

(    )3.The phrase “a stepping stone” probably means “_____________”.    

  A. 滑梯      B. 巅峰      C. 垫脚石     D. 走廊

(    )4.China sent some rice up to the ISS is probably to_____________.    

  A. be used as astronauts’ food     B. sell it to aliens

  C. do some science experiments      D. make it grow better in space

(    )5.Which of the following isn’t mentioned ?      

     A. China will join the ISS in the future.

  B. The scientists are building living rooms for them in the ISS.

  C. The ISS will be more useful in the future.

  D. The ISS costs the members of 16 countries plenty of money every year.

二、阅读填空（共1题）

1、

There are a lot of interesting things living in the sea. There are many types of fish and many other animals. There are also many types of plants. There are even some animals which have a lot in common with you. They are mammals living in the sea. How much do you know about creatures that live in the sea? Do you want to know more about the food chain（链）in the sea?

In the sea, all sea creatures get food from other sea creatures. At the first link of the food chain are the sea plants and plankton (浮游生物). Plants are found only in the sunlight zone where there is enough light for them, however, animals are found at all depths of the oceans though their numbers are greater near the surface where food is enough. Many kinds of fish and animals, such as the snail, shrimp, jellyfish, and sea star eat the plankton. The small animals and fish that eat plankton then become food for larger fish, such as the tuna and mackerel. These fish are then eaten by larger fish and animals, such as the shark and dolphin. The shark and dolphin are at the top of the food chain in the sea. Sharks are very dangerous so many people are eaten by them in the sea. But why the number of the shark is becoming smaller and smaller? And who eats the shark? Check out the menu at a seafood restaurant next time you are eating there. Don't be surprised if you find shark on the menu.

36．The underlined word “creatures” means ______.

A．维持    B．生物    C．奇特    D．藻类

37．Which is NOT true?

A．Animals are found at all depths of the oceans   B．Plants are found only in the sunlight zone

C．The large animals become food for small ones. D．The shark and dolphin are at the top of the food chain in the sea

38．Plankton is food for ______.

A．the snail     B．shrimp     C．sea star and jellyfish   D．All the above

39．______ are at the top of the food.

A．The sea plants   B．The small fish   C．People     D．The shark and dolphin

40．What’s the passage mainly talk about?

A．The sea plants        B．Food Chain in the Sea

C．Dangerous sharks      D．Colorful Sea Animals

============参考答案============

一、阅读理解

1、 【短文大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述嫦娥四号是第一个登上月球背面的探测器。并讲述了嫦娥四号的任务以及遇到的困难是如何解决的。

26. 细节理解题。根据Chang'e-4 was sent up on December 8, 2018可知，嫦娥四号是2018年12月8日发射的，故选B。

27. 细节理解题。根据Chang'e-4 is also carrying flower seeds, potatoes and silkworm eggs to see whether life is possible on the moon可知，嫦娥四号也携带着花的种子、土豆、蚕卵看观察在月球上是否有生命的可能，排除A；根据For this reason, Chang'e-4 will study the effect of solar winds on the lunar surface and any mineral found by the spacecraft可知，因此，嫦娥四号将研究太阳风对月球表面的影响和通过航天器发现矿物质，排除B和D；根据Thanks to Queqiao, the communication problem between Earth and Chang'e-4 has been well solved可知，多亏了鹊桥，地球和嫦娥四号的交流问题解决了，所以鹊桥解决的是交流问题，故选C。

28. 词义猜测题。根据The New York Times used the word "groundbreaking" to praise the task and wrote that "it will offer help to the history and development of the moon"以及On January 3, 2019, Chang'e-4 became the first lunar probe (月球探测器) in history to successfully land on the far side of the moon可知，嫦娥四号是第一个登录月球背面的探测器，所以《纽约时报》用“开创性”一词来赞扬这项任务，并写道“它将为月球的历史和发展提供帮助。故选D。

2、 【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要通过几个令人吃惊的故事表明有时候一些动物也会表现得很好。例如赤狐、猩猩、大象以及河马。

41. B主旨大意题。根据However, animals can act nicely, even when they don't have to. Here are some surprising stories about animal behavior以及全文可知，动物有时候会表现的很好，甚至有时候他们没有必要这么做，后文讲述了几个故事，说明有些动物对其他动物表现得很好，故选B。

42.C词义猜测题。根据Most people usually walk away when someone is unkind to them. Marc Bekoff, a researcher at the University of Colorado, saw a female（母的）red fox do just that可知，当某人对一些人不友好时，他们会生气地走开，母的赤狐也像那样做，指的就是赤狐也会走开，故选C。

43. C 推理判断题。根据He didn't have any food. Teleki wanted some fruit from a tree, but the tree was too tall. A young chimpanzee watched him curiously as he tried to get something to eat. The chimpanzee climbed the tree, picked the fruit, and gave it to him可知，泰莱基想要树上的水果，但是树太高了，一个小猩猩好奇地看着他，最后这个猩猩爬上树摘了水果送给了他，所以可以推断出泰莱基不会爬树，故选C。

44. B细节理解题。根据An elephant in Kenya hurt his trunk（象鼻子）. He needed help because he couldn't put food into his mouth可知，在肯尼亚，一只大象伤了它鼻子，因为它不能将食物送到嘴里，所以它需要帮助，。所以因为鼻子有伤，不能使用鼻子，故选B。

45. A代词指代题。代词代指上文中出现的内容。根据One day, a crocodile tried to eat a monkey that was next to a river. A hippo ran quickly to the crocodile and chased it away可知，鳄鱼想吃猴子，一个河马迅速跑向鳄鱼，将鳄鱼赶走，所以it代指的是鳄鱼。故选A。

3、 【文章大意】本文是科普类阅读，解释了梦的成因和不同梦境的含义。

41. C题意：玛莎的梦会告诉她什么?考查细节理解。根据Flying is a positive symbol in a dream. Flying in dreams may mean success, confidence,可知在梦想中飞翔可能意味着成功、自信和“掌控一切”，故选C。

42. B题意：下划线的“it”指的是什么?考查词义理解。根据a dream has a story to tell和has something to do with your life可知梦与生活有关，故选B。

43. D题意：如果你梦想成功地登山，你会有什么感觉?考查细节理解。A. Afraid.害怕的；B. Peaceful.和平的；C. Worried.担心的；D. Satisfied满意的。根据Mountains are difficulties, so to dream of successfully climbing a mountain can show a true feeling of achievement.（梦想着成功的爬山会表现出一种真正的成就感），可知Satisfied符合语境，故选D。

44. B题意：根据他的梦，杰森睡觉前可能会发生什么事?考查细节推断。A. He went swimming in the pool with friends. 他和朋友去游泳池游泳。B. He was forced to take after-school classes. 他被迫参加课后补习班。C. He felt very confident about his schoolwork. 他对自己的学业很有信心。D. He read a book about making Russian soup.他读了一本关于做俄罗斯汤的书。根据For Jason, the monsters may stand for the adults who control his life.可知有人在控制杰森的生活，ACD不合语境，故选B。

45. D题意：你能从这篇文章中了解到什么?考查细节判断。A. Jason chased the monster in his dream. 杰森在梦中追逐怪物。B. Food in a dream means the fear of life. 梦中的食物意味着对生活的恐惧。C. You won’t dream about the same things again. 你不会再做同样的梦了。D. You may know more about yourself from dreams. 你可以从梦中更多地了解自己。根据最后一段dreaming is a way to create a memory of your current emotion. You may dream the same things again and again. They are like a bridge which connects your experience with your emotion and memories. They will help you get a better understanding of yourself.可知，梦就像一座桥梁把你的经历与你的情感和记忆连接起来，会帮助你更好地了解自己，故选D。

4、 1—5BDCCA

二、阅读填空

1、 【文章大意】海里生活着各种各样的生物，有植物、鱼和其他的动物。你对海洋生物了解多少？这篇短文中作者给我们介绍了海洋里的食物链。

36．B词义猜测题。根据这个单词所在的语境There are many types of fish and many other animals. There are also many types of plants. There are even some animals which have a lot in common with you. They are mammals living in the sea.可知，这几句话列举了生活在海洋里的各种生物，如很多种类的鱼和其他动物、植物、哺乳动物等。故creature的意思应该是“生物”，故选B。

37．C推理判断题。根据短文第二段中The small animals and fish that eat plankton then become food for larger fish, such as the tuna and mackerel. These fish are then eaten by larger fish and animals, such as the shark and dolphin.可知，小的动物和鱼被更大的鱼吃掉；这些鱼又被比他们更大的鱼吃掉，如鲨鱼和海豚。C选项说“大动物成为小动物的食物”，与文意不符，故选C。

38．D细节理解题。根据短文第二段中Many kinds of fish and animals, such as the snail, shrimp, jellyfish, and sea star eat the plankton.可知，很多种类的鱼还有蜗牛、虾、水母和海星都吃浮游生物，因此A、B和C三个选项都对，选D。

39．C推理判断题。根据文意和短文第二段的最后But why the number of the shark is becoming smaller and smaller? And who eats the shark? Check out the menu at a seafood restaurant next time you are eating there. Don't be surprised if you find shark on the menu可知，鲨鱼是海洋食物链的顶层，但他们的数量越来越少，因为他们都被人类吃掉了。所以人类才是生物链的顶端。故应选C。

40．B主旨大意题。根据文意和短文第一段的最后两句话How much do you know about creatures that live in the sea? Do you want to know more about the food chain（链）in the sea?可知，这篇短文给我们介绍的是海洋里的生物链。A 、C和D三个选项都太片面，B选项符合文意，故选B。