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    2023届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解之主旨大意题讲解课件

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    这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解之主旨大意题讲解课件,共29页。PPT课件主要包含了一招破解长难句等内容,欢迎下载使用。

    一个句子之所以长,是增加了修饰语的缘故。我们要做的就是找到修饰语,去掉修饰语,使长句变成简单句。去掉定状补,只留主加谓。修饰语:作定语的形容词作状语的副词介词短语非谓语动词短语从句形容词和副词是一个词,相对较短,而介词短语、非谓语动词和从句相对较长,因此,有人称之为“三长两短”。
    Having chsen family televisin prgrams and wmen’s magazines, the tthpaste marketer, fr instance, must select the exact televisin prgrams and statins as well as the specific wmen’s magazines t be used.
    1、带有较多成分的简单句。
    例如,决定选择家庭电视节目和妇女杂志后,牙膏经销商还必须挑选出要用的确切的电视节目和电视台,以及那些具体的妇女杂志。
    In the 1970s he was a surgen at Yale, had a wnderful wife and five beautiful children, but he was terribly unhappy.
    在20世纪70年代,他在耶鲁当外科医生,有位出色的太太和5个漂亮的孩子,但他那时过得却很不开心。
    2、含有多个简单句的并列句。
    3、包含多个从句的复合句。
    I can’t live in fear f the pssibility that as the earth’s ppulatin grws and we use mre and mre f ur nnrenewable resurces, ur children may have t lead prer lives.
    我不能总是生活在对这种可能性的忧虑中:由于地球上人口的不断增长,由于我们正在消耗掉越来越多的非再生资源,我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加贫穷的生活。
    I have knwn changes fr the better and changes fr the wrse, but I have never questined the fact that whether I liked it r nt, change was unavidable.
    我经历过好的变化,也经历过坏的变化,但是我从来没有怀疑过这样一个事实,即不管我喜欢与否,变化总是不可避免的。
    4. 并列句中包含复合句。
    24. Which actr r actress is nn-white?A. Scarlett Jhanssn B. Matt Damn C. Ed Skrein D. Daniel Dae Kim.
    2. Several Hllywd films have faced criticism in recent mnths fr featuring white actrs in Asian rles. Recent films accused f whitewashing include the Hllywd remake f Japanese anime Ghst in the Shell, which had Scarlett Jhanssn in the main rle which was riginally Japanese, and Chinese epic The Great Wall which starred Matt Damn as its lead character. Earlier this year, British actr Ed Skrein wh was cast as an Asian character in the upcming Hellby remake pulled ut f the film s that the rle culd be “cast apprpriately”. It then went t Krean-American actr Daniel Dae Kim.
    “洗白”(whitewashing)指由白人演员扮演非白人角色的行为,被视为一种盛行很久的种族歧视行为。
    His jurney t the e-mail hell began inncently enugh when, as chairman f Cmputer Assciates Internatinal, a sftware cmpany, he first heard hw quickly his emplyees had accepted their new electrnic-mail system.
    他在电子邮件的地狱之旅是糊里糊涂开始的。作为国际计算机联合公司这家软件公司的董事长,他当时还是第一次听说他的雇员们是多么快地就接受了他们公司的新的电子邮件系统。
    5、含有多个插入成分或分隔成分的句子。
    高考阅读理解--- 主旨大意
    1) 主题类The main idea f the passage is …The passage is mainly abut …What is the passage mainly abut?2) 目的类The passage is meant/intended t …The purpse f this article is t …3) 标题类The best title f the passage is …
    (1) Nw(如今)…暗示本文即将要讲的事很有可能与以往不同。(2) 表转折的词。段落中出现but, hwever, actually, while, in fact, n the cntrary, in cntrast等时,其后的内容往往是作者真正要表达的观点。(3) 表总结的词。如therefre, thus, in shrt, cnclude, cnclusin等词后内容也可能是主题。(4) 多次重复的词。如果一篇文章中反复出现某个词,该词往往是体现文章主旨的关键词。(5) 若首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。(6)说明实验结论或调查结果的句子。如their studies shw that…,the experiment shws that…, scientists/ researchers have fund that…或there is evidence suggesting that… 中that从句的内容通常就是主旨。
    寻找主题句的6个微技能
    1、段(文)首——开门见山,点出主题;2、段(文)尾——详细论证,总结陈词;3、段(文)中——引题过渡,导出主题; 4、段(文)首尾—首尾呼应,烘托主题;
    1. 以偏概全,干扰项故意片面地理解文章,从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出错误结论。2. 放大或缩小文章的主题。把文章中出现过的某一个观点或具体细节当成整篇文章的主题;或者太笼统地夸大主题。3. 偷换概念,文章的主题被换成相关但不同的主题。4. 主观臆断,文中没有出处但看似符合常理的误导性主题。
    (2017年四川卷D)A warm drink f milk befre bed has lng been the best chice fr thse wanting a gd night’s sleep. But nw a study has fund it really des help peple nd ff—if it is milked frm a cw at night. Researchers have discvered that “night milk” cntains mre melatnin(褪黑激素), which has been prven t help peple feel sleepy and reduce anxiety. The study, by researchers frm Seul, Suth Krea, invlved mice being fed with dried milk pwder made frm cws milked bth during the day and at night.
    Smking cigarettes is harmful t yur health. Experiments shw that cigarette smking can cause cancer. Besides the mst serius and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smking als can cause ther health prblems. Fr example, it can give ne a “smker’s cugh”. Finally, studies have shwn it is easy fr cigarette smkers t catch clds. Whether yu get an unimprtant cld r terrible killer, cancer, smking is harmful. Is it wrth it?
    1.文首—开门见山,点出主题。 语篇结构为:点出主题—围绕主题 展开陈述、论证或说明
    Reading is the key t schl success and, like any skill it takes practice. A child learns t walk by practicing until he n lnger has t think abut hw t put ne ft in frnt f the ther. A great athlete practices until he can play quickly, accurately, withut thinking. Tennis players call that “ being” in the zne.” Educatrs call it “ autmaticity.” The paragraph mainly tells us _______.A. what autmaticity is B. hw accuracy is acquired B. hw a child learns t walk D. hw an athlete is trained.
    (2)文尾—详细论证,总结陈词。 语篇结构为:表述细节—概括主题 归纳要点、得出结论、提出建议
    If yu were planning t buy a televisin set, the fllwing advertisement wuld certainly draw yur attentin: “Clr TV. Only $79. Tw days sale. Hurry.” Hwever, when yu g t the stre ready t buy. Yu may discver that they are sld ut. But the shp assistant is quick t tell yu that he has anther mdel. A much better set which is “just right fr yu” It csts $395. This sales trick is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched t anther mre expensive ne. Buying things n sale needs careful cnsideratin f the gds and the reasn fr the sale.The paragraph culd be entitled _________.A. Buyer Beware  B. Clseut(出清存货) Sale C. A Selling Methd   D. Buying a TV Set
    Nthing is as useful as a flashlight n a dark night if a tire ges flat. Few inventins are s helpful t a child wh is afraid f the dark. In fact, the mdern flashlight brings light t many dark situatins. Finding smething in the back f a clset is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper als needs ne after the light f the campfire has been ut.
    (3)段中—引题过渡,导出主题。 语篇结构为:“引题—主题思想—解释”或“提问—回答—解释”。
    Nt s lng ag, mst peple didn't knw wh Shelly Ann Francis Pryce was ging t becme. She was just an average high schl athlete. cperatin quickly prduced results, and a few year later at Jamaica’s Olympic games in early 2008, Shelly Ann, wh at that time nly ranked number 70 in the wrld, beat Jamaica's unchallenged queen f the sprint (短跑) As Muhammad Ali puts it, “Champins aren't made in gyms. Champins are made frm smething they have deep inside them. A desire, a dream, a visin.” One f the things Shelly-Ann can be prud f is her understanding f this truth.What is the best title fr the passage?A. The Making f a Great AthleteB. The Dream fr ChampinshipC. The Key t High PerfrmanceD. The Pwer f Full Respnsibility
    (4)首尾—首尾呼应,烘托主题 语篇结构为:提出主题—展开论述或说明 —进一步引申或发展主题
    2. 文尾—详细论证,总结陈词。 语篇结构为:表述细节—概括主题 归纳要点、得出结论、提出建议
    3. 段中—引题过渡,导出主题。 语篇结构为:“引题—主题思想—解释”或“提问—回答—解释”。
    4. 首尾—首尾呼应,烘托主题 语篇结构为:提出主题—展开论述或说明 —进一步引申或发展主题
    1. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷·32) We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank r n an airplane, surrunded by peple wh are, like us, deeply fcused n their smartphnes r, wrse, struggling with the uncmfrtable silence.What’s the prblem? It’s pssible that we all have cmprmised cnversatinal intelligence. It’s mre likely that nne f us start a cnversatin because...
    ◇What phenmenn is described in the first paragraph?A. Addictin t smartphnes.B. Inapprpriate behaviurs in public places.C. Absence f cmmunicatin between strangers.D. Impatience with slw service.
    本段无主题句,描述的情况是:在公共场合,人们只是专注地盯着自己的手机,甚或苦苦挣扎于令人不自在的沉默之中。据此可归纳为,陌生人之间缺少交流。故选C项。
    (2017年Ⅱ卷) Terrafugia Inc. said Mnday that its new flying car has cmpleted its first flight, bringing the cmpany clser t its gal f selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle—named the Transitin—has tw seats, fur wheels and wings that fld up s it can be driven like a car. The Transitin, which flew at 1,400 feet fr eight minutes last mnth, can reach arund 70 miles per hur n the rad and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-galln tank f gas and burns 5 gallns per hur in the air. On the grund, it gets 35 miles per galln.
    ◇What is the first paragraph mainly abut?A. The basic data f the Transitin.B. The advantages f flying cars.C. The ptential market fr flying cars.D. The designers f the Transitin.
    1、主题词或主题句主题词出现频率较高,往往在第一段出现,带有概括性。文章没有明显的主题句,可以通过找主题词。注:主旨大意题的正确选项一般都会包含主题词!2、归纳无主题段或主题句的材料的方法根据文篇中所提供的事实细节,进行全面考虑,综合分析,然后找出共同的东西,归纳成一般概念。3、运用逆向思维法:在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时,试着从选项出发,想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容,然后把它与文章的内容比较,接近的即为正确选项。
    主旨大意题干扰选项的特征:①过于笼统,不知所云。所概括的内容超出原文的范围。②以偏概全,主次不分。只概括了文章一部分的内容,或以文章中的细节内容或个别词语做出选项内容。③移花接木,偷换概念。选项中的定语或状语影响语意范围,或者把属于A的内容放在B上。④主观臆测,无中生有,虽符合一般常理,选项中关键词也在文中提及,但选项的实际含义与文章主题无关。
    Smking cigarettes is harmful t yur health. Experiments shw that cigarette smking can cause cancer. Besides the mst serius and terrible disease (illness), cancer, cigarette smking als can cause ther health prblems. Fr example, it can give ne a “smker’s cugh”. Finally, studies have shwn it is easy fr cigarette smkers t catch clds. Whether yu get an unimprtant cld r terrible killer, cancer, smking is harmful. Is it wrth it? ● What is the passage mainly abut ?A. Ways f experimenting n smking.B. Infrmatin abut smkingC. Smking resulting in cancer. D. Side effects f smking.
    Bstn---- Thieves dressed as plice entered a museum early Sunday and stle 11 paintings, including majr wrks by Rembrandt, Dagas, Manet and Vermerr, FBI and the museum fficials said. The first judgment placed value f at least $100 millin n the wrks stlen frm the Isabella Gardener Museum, said Bstn plice spkes-man Jim Trdan … Bbinsn, f Hardvard Univercity‘’s Fggel Museum, called the bjects stlen “majr wrks”. Q:What is the best headline fr this newspaper article?A. A Theft Tk Place in Bstn B. Artwrks stlen by ThievesC. Majr Wrks D. Investigatin int the theft
    Yu dream each night, even thugh yu may nt remember yur dreams. While yu dream yur eyes mve and yur heart beats faster. Even yur brain-wave pattern changes. Sme scientists think that dreaming is imprtant fr the sake f health. They claim that withut dream, peple wuld g crazy. Q: What des the passage mainly tells?A. Hw peple stay healthy B. Why sleep is necessary C. Why dreams are imprtant D. When peple remember their dreams
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