2023届高考英语二轮复习动词(含情态动词)和动词短语学案

专题三: 动词(含情态动词)和动词短语

基础知识过关

一、动词

1. 动词的分类

2. 情态动词

情态动词的基本用法

　　情态动词是用来表示说话人的语气、态度和情态的动词。情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化, 虽本身有一定的意义, 但不能单独作谓语, 必须和动词一起使用。

情态动词表推测

几组情态动词辨析

(1)can和be able to。

①情态动词can只有两种时态形式, 现在式can和过去式could, 而be able to有多种时态形式。

Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 玛丽会弹钢琴。她5岁起就会弹了。

②用在过去时中, could经常只表示有能力做某事, 而was/were able to则表示“过去做成了某事”。

He could swim across the river when he was young.

年轻时, 他能游过那条河。

Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain.

昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。

(2)must和have to。

must表示主观意志, 而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。must没有过去式, 在间接引语中可用于表示过去时间, 在直接引语中表示过去时间应该用had to代替。

We all must regard the people’s desire to live a better life as our goal.

我们一定要把人民对美好生活的向往作为奋斗目标。

We had to get everything ready that night.

我们那晚得把一切准备就绪。

二、动词短语

1. break短语

break away from脱离; 放弃; break down(化学)分解; (汽车)抛锚; break in闯入, 插嘴, 打断; break into闯入; 打断, 突然……起来; break off打断; 折断; break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生, 爆发; break up(物理)分解; 粉碎, 破碎; 结束; 散开, 解散

2. bring短语

bring about引起, 导致; bring back把……送回, 归还; 使回忆起; bring down使倒下, 降低; bring in引进; 挣得; bring out使显示, 阐明, 出版; bring up教育, 培养

3. come短语

come about发生, 产生; come across(偶然)遇见(或发现); come off从……离开, 脱落; come on来吧, 赶快; come out出来; (书)出版; come to共计, 达到; come up with追上, 赶上; 想出(主意); 找出(答案)

4. get短语

get across被理解; get along/on with进展; 与……和睦相处; get down下来; 记下; get down to开始认真做; get off出发; 下车; get through通过; 打通(电话); 用完, 耗尽

5. give 短语

give away泄露; 颁发; 赠送; give back归还; 使恢复; give in屈服; 交上; give off发出, 放出(气味、光、热等); give out用尽, 耗尽; 分发; 公布; 发出(光、热等); give up放弃

6. make短语

make sense有意义, 讲得通; make it及时到达; 成功; make up编造; 化妆; 组成, 构成; 和好; make up for补偿, 弥补; make room for让出地方给……; make use of利用; make way for为……开路, 让路; make up one’s mind打定主意, 决定

7. put短语

put aside把……放在一边; put away收起来放好; 储蓄; put back放回原处; 推迟; put down放下; 镇压; 记下; put forward提出(计划、建议等); 提前; put off延期, 推迟; put out扑灭; 生产; 公布; put through接通电话; put up提出; 建造; 举起; 张贴, 公布; 留宿, 过夜; put up with容忍

通关训练

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1. (2019·湖南学业水平考试真题) All in all,  people and the government should work side by side to take care __________the Earth.  

2. As time goes by,  many new changes will be brought __________in China’s job market.  

3. Kate heard a man’s voice in the background,  but she couldn’t make __________what he was saying.  

4. Developing our home city is a systematic project which calls __________a clear road map and timetable.  

5. At first he wouldn’t let his daughter go swimming,  but at last he gave __________,  as she was so confident about her skills.  

6. The two countries are going to meet to break __________some trade barriers between them.  

7. Her years of hard training paid __________when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.  

8. Peter will take __________his post as the head of the sports team at the end of next month.  

9. Tom had to turn __________the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.  

10. Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will turn __________sooner or later.  

Ⅱ. 语法小语段

(1)

　　It was a cold morning. It was snowing 1. __________(heavy). When he was staring 2. __________ the traffic,  a bag fell 3. __________ a truck and it landed on the other side of the street. “It was full 4. __________ expensive things, ” Henry said to himself. “I have to get it right now,  or others 5. __________(take) it away. ” 

(2)

　　So far the school 1. __________(introduce) four robot 2. __________(teacher),  one of whom is a language teacher that can speak 23 languages and dance to music. “3. __________ is necessary to encourage kids to come up 4. __________ new ways to make use 5. __________ technology in school life, ” the head of the school added in the interview.  

(3)

　　Children today have many things to play 1. __________. They can watch television,  surf 2. __________ Internet,  or play video games. But what do you think children 3. __________(do) for fun long ago?  They read books. Books provide people 4. __________ many things that televisions or computers cannot. Since books take advantage 5. __________ only words to tell stories,  they

6. __________ improve your imagination.  

(4)

　　Smiling,  depending 1. __________ different cultures,  can express joy and

2. __________ (amuse),  but it can also show embarrassment(难堪). To be open and 3. __________ (friend),  people in the United States smile a lot. But in China,  smiling is not only 4. __________ expression of happiness,  but also a way to avoid being embarrassed. Smiling is a kind of goodwill but not sneer (嘲笑). When a child falls 5. __________ a bike,  the adults in China may smile,  which is a kind of gentle encouragement and may not be a kind of impolite laugh.  

参考答案

Ⅰ. 1. of　2. about　3. out　4. for　5. in

6. down　7. off　8. up　9. down

10. up

Ⅱ.

(1)

1. heavily　2. at　3. off　4. of

5. will take

(2)

1. has introduced　2. teachers　3. It

4. with　5. of

(3)

1. with　2. the　3. did　4. with　5. of　6. can

(4)

1. on　2. amusement　3. friendly　4. an

5. off