Unit 3 Natural elements 语法讲义 牛津深圳版英语七年级下册（含答案）

1.  To find out the rules of the reflexive pronouns(singular reflexive pronouns ending
      and plural reflexive pronouns ending ).
2.  To know the special usage of reflexive pronouns .
3.  To learn which prepositions of position often appear in the test and master it.

一、反身代词

二、方位介词

一．反身代词

1. 定义

反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。它的基本含义是：通过反身代词指代主语，使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。因此，反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、性质、数上保持一致。

2. 用法口诀

反身代词表自身，句中可作三成分；动介后面用作宾，表示动作回自身。

句中强调同位语，主语宾语后变跟；系动be后作表语，这个用法要牢记。

3. 辨析

（1）作宾语，此时的宾语指的就是主语

We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.　我们昨晚玩得很开心

（2）作表语，此时的表语指的就是主语

I am not myself today.　我今天不舒服
（3）作同位语

The thing itself is not important.　事情本身并不重要

注意：反身代词本身不能单独作主语

(错) Myself drove the car.    (对) I myself drove the car.  我自己开车。

反身代词不能做主语，但可以放在主语后或句末。

例如：I did it by myself.

4. 常考固定搭配

enjoy oneself 玩得高兴；

help oneself (to) 随便用；

hurt oneself 伤害自己；

teach oneself 自学；
get dressed oneself 自己穿衣

【即学即练】

用相应的反身代词填空。

1. The box _______(it) is not so heavy.

2. You had better ask the driver _______ (him). 

3. Take good care of _______(you).

4. The child can dress ________(he).

5. The poor boy was_______(me).

6. I’m not quite _______(I) these days.

参考答案：

1.itself  2. himself  3. yourself  4. himself  5.myself  6. myself

二．方位介词

1. 基本方位介词

2. 辨析

第一组：over, above和on的用法

over指在…的正上方，表示垂直在上。

There is a lamp over the desk.

above指在上方，属于斜上方。如：

Raise your arms above your head.

on指在上面，表示两物体接触。如：

There is a cup on the table.

第二组：under / below的用法：

under在……下面/正下方：What’s under your desk? 

below 在……斜下方：Her skirt came below her knees.

【即学即练】

(   ) 1. The boat is passing___ the bridge.    

(   ) 2. Two planes are flying___ the city.

(   ) 3. We can see a river running to the east____ the hill.

(   ) 4. Do you see the kite ___ the building.

参考答案：1. C   2. B   3. B   4. D 

第三组：in 和on表示“在……上”

门一类——镶嵌在墙里的，用in，

字画一类——挂在墙面上的，用on

鸟一类落在树上的，用in；

  苹果一类长在树上的，用on

【即学即练】

(   ) 1. He put up a map ___ the back wall because there was a hole ___ it.

(   ) 2. There is a door___ the wall.  

(   ) 3. There are some birds singing___ the trees.

(   ) 4. There are so many apples___ that tree.

参考答案：1. C  2. D  3. A  4. B

第四组：at, in表示“在……”

at表示较小的地点。如：  at the bus stop, at home

in表示较大的地点。如：  in China, in the world

(   ) 1. Uncle Wang arrived____ Beijing half an hour ago.

(   ) 2. My uncle lives ____ 88 Beijing Street.

参考答案：1. B  2. C

第五组：in front of 和in the front of

in front of表示“在…之前”（范围外）。

There are some trees in front of the classroom.

in the front of 表示“在…的前部”（范围内）

There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.

【即学即练】

Tom sits      the classroom ( in front of  in the front of).
参考答案：in the front of

第六组：in / into

in表示“在……里面”，强调静态；

There is a ball in the box

into表示“去……里面”，强调动态。
  The English teacher went into the classroom.

【即学即练】

1. I can’t find my pen ______ (in  into) my bag.
2. The duck fell ______ (in  into) the lake.
   参考答案：1. in   2. into
    

第七组：through / across通过，穿过

across表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关，为二维
The dog swam across the river.

through穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与in有关，为三维。
The soldiers walked though the forest.

【即学即练】

(   ) 1. Is the street too narrow for the bus to go       ?

(   ) 2. A mother camel was walking        her son        the desert.
          A. without; along
         B. with; through

3. next to; pass
4. beside; through

(   ) 3. The river runs        the city.

参考答案：1. A  2. B  3. B

综合练习

一、单选

(   ) 1. Help        to some more meat, Linda.

       A. me   B. yourself   C. I    D. mine

(   ) 2. I caught a cold. I’m not feeling        today.

       A. You   B. myself   C. yourselves D. your

(   ) 3. Whenever Mary hears something interesting, she can't keep it to        and

       wants to share it with me.

     A. she   B. her    C. hers   D. herself

(   ) 4. If people have problems, they should not keep them to        and ask for
       help.

       A. ourselves  B. yourselves  C. themselves D. itself

(   ) 5. --- Where’s my schoolbag? 

   --- It’s        the table,        the floor.

   A. on; on  B. on; under   C. under; on  D. under; under

(   ) 6. --- Where is your Chinese teacher?

     --- He’s         the meeting room.

    A. on   B. of    C. to   D. in

(   ) 7. We can get fresh water from rain, from rivers, or from        the ground.
    A. across   B. under    C. over   D. off

(   ) 8. --- Where’s your English teacher?
 --- He was        those four students. 
A. in    B. between   C. among  D. on

(   ) 9. There is an apple tree        the room.
A. in front  B. in front of   C. in the front D. in the front of

(   ) 10. --- Excuse me, is there a museum        the library?

    --- Yes. The library is just in front of it.

      A. behind   B. beside   C. next to  D. from   

(   ) 11. The little elephant is afraid to go alone. He always walks        his

        mother.   

      A. besides  B. beside   C. below  D. under 

(   ) 12. I made the cake by        . Help        , Tom.      
A. ourselves, yourself            B. myself, yourself

C. myself, yourselves            D. me, him  

(   ) 13. Don’t read       the sun. It’s bad        your eyes.
A. in; to      B.under; for     C. with; to    D. in; on

(   ) 14. The fireman saved the girl        danger.
A. from       B. out         C. to         D. in

(   ) 15. Mr. Green is our English teacher and        comes from USA.  
A. he         B. she           C. it           D. they

二、翻译

布莱克太太(Mrs.Black )本人就是一名医生。
_____________________________________________________________________

马丁(Martin)亲自照顾病人
_____________________________________________________________________

他有权为自己做出决定。

_____________________________________________________________________

他没为自己买什么。

_____________________________________________________________________
做你自己就好了。

_____________________________________________________________________

我今天不舒服。

_____________________________________________________________________

解析：

一、单项选择

1-5:BBDCC 
6-10:DBCBA
10-15: BBBDA

二、翻译

Mrs.Black herself is a doctor.

Martin himself attended the sick man.

He has a right to decide for himself.

He bought nothing for himself.

Just be yourself.

I’m not myself today .

一、单项填空

(   ) 1. --- Hi, boys. How was your party yesterday?

       --- Wonderful! We had a big meal and enjoyed        .

A. themselves  B. myself  C. yourselves D. ourselves 

(   ) 2. --- Jim, please help        to some bread.

       --- Thank you. 
 A. himself     B. yourself   C. herself    D. myself

(   ) 3. My sister is old enough to dress        now.

A. himself    B. herself   C. myself  D. itself

(   ) 4. The little kid is just two years old. He’s too young to take care of       .

A. myself     B. themselves  C. himself  D. ourselves

(   ) 5. The students called his teacher for help because they couldn’t do it by ______

       A. herself      B. himself    C. yourself    D. themselves   

(   ) 6. We should think more of others than       .

A. yourself   B. yourselves C. ourselves  D. themselves

(   ) 7. --- What did you say?

       --- Nothing. I was just talking to       .

A. myself   B. yourself  C. herself  D. himself

(   ) 8. Tom’s mother often looks at        in the mirror before leaving home.

A. himself   B. herself  C. themselves D. itself

(   ) 9. Judy, don’t touch that knife. You may hurt       .

1. herself   B. yourself  C. myself  D. itself

(   ) 10. The song I Believe I Can Fly tells us that believing in        is very

      important.

       A. themselves   B. itself    C. ourselves   D. yourselves

二、语法填空

根据图片用适当的方位介词填空。

1. There is a computer, a box and some books        the table.

2. There is a map of China        the table.

3. A chair is       the table.

4. A model bike is        the table.

5. Where is the football? It’s        the table.

6. Look! There are some nice flowers        the book shelf and the table.

7. I can see many books        the book shelf.

8. I think there are some pens and rulers        the box on the table.

9. I can’t see what’s        the door of the shelf. Perhaps some books, too.

10. It’s dark now. I have to stay        the room. 

解析：

一、单项选择

1-5: DBBCD
6-10: CABBC
二、语法填空
1. on     2. above     3. in front of  4. next to / beside / on the right of 
5. under   6. between   7. on        8. in      9. behind  10. in

学生易错点整理：