期末阅读理解课件2022-2023学年人教版英语八年级上册

这是一份期末阅读理解课件2022-2023学年人教版英语八年级上册，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了课 程 引 入，÷120，所以我超级重要呗，内 容 讲 解，细 节 理 解 题，练一练，⭐ ⭐，⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐，主 旨 大 意 题，词 义 猜 测 题等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Hi，我叫阅读理解，你也可以叫我小阅阅。接触英语这么久了，你应该对我很熟悉了吧!
首先，一起看道数学题吧
衣服千千万，而我独爱四套古风衣，?，let's have a lk!
年年剁手买买买，但买的还是它们
Wh wants t eat fd that is thrwn away as waste? Believe it r nt, that’s exactly what wrld leaders did at a lunch held by the United Natins in 2015. During the meal, the wrld leaders enjyed dishes like salads and burgers made with thrwn-away vegetables and fruits. Chef Dan Barber, wh helped create the meal, hped that the experience wuld make the leaders pay mre attentin t the issue f fd waste. It is a huge prblem. One ut f nine peple n Earth des nt get enugh fd. Yet every year ver ne third f the fd prduced wrldwide ges t waste! Why is s much fd wasted? Firstly, fd is ften thrwn away befre it reaches custmers because t much f it is prduced, r because it is nt kept prperly in farms. Secndly, shps and supermarkets usually thrw away unsld fd. Finally, custmers ften buy mre fd than they need, s a lt f uneaten fd is wasted. Hw can yu waste less fd? When eating ut, yu may ask fr less fd and take hme what is left. Visit fast fd restaurant less ften, since they usually mre wasteful. Encurage yur favrite restaurants t give unsld fd t fd banks. Yu can als waste less fd at hme. Use smaller rice bwls s that yu serve less rice.Encurage family members t use unfinished rice t make rice puddings. Tell family members t make a shpping list and buy nly what is n the list when shpping fr fd. Fd waste is a grwing prblem and we, either farmers r fd sellers r custmers, must take this prblem mre seriusly and d what we can t help.(2018杭州市中考阅读B)
字好多，看得好晕……看完就到交卷时间了……看第一句就看不懂…………
1) Which f the fllwing statement is true?2) The authr(r the passage)states that _____.3) Accrding t the passage, when (where, why, hw, wh, what…) ?
1.读题干，选关键词2.跳读文章，锁定相关句子3.对比选项进行信息加工转换（同义反义转换等）
同义替换：答案将原文中的关键词进行了同义替换语言讲话：把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化正话反说：把原文的意思反过来表达
正 确 答 案 特 征
张冠李戴：是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容无中生有：符合常识，但不是文章的内容曲解文意：与原文内容及其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动颠倒是非：意思上与原文有很大不同或完全相反正误参半：部分正确，部分错误
干 扰 选 项 特 征
1. Anger is a kind f feeling. Many things can make yu angry. When yur teacher gives yu t much hmewrk, when yur team lses an imprtant game, when a friend brrws yur favrite thing and then breaks it, yu may get really angry. When may yu NOT get angry?A. When there is t much hmewrk n this weekendB. When yur favrite basketball team lses the gameC. When a friend breaks yur favrite thingD. When yur parents let yu watch TV
这里列举了一个具体例子：basketball team
把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化
1. The ld man was surprised and asked, “Why dn‘t yu want the fish? ” The child answered, "I want the fishing rd（竿）in yur hands.”The ld man asked, "Why d yu want the rd? ""It desn't take lng t eat all the fish in a basket. But if I have the fishing rd, I can g fishing by myself and I wn't be afraid f nt having any mre fish t eat.” Why did the child refuse（拒绝）the fish the ld man gave her?A. Because she didn't like fish.B. Because she wanted his fishing rd.C. Because the ld man had few fish.D. Because she wanted t learn fishing skills.
将原文中的对话进行转述
1) The best title fr this passage may be… （标题类）2) What is the main idea f this passage? （主旨类）3) The passage mainly tells us abut… （主旨类）4) The writer wrte the passage in rder t… （目的类）
1.读题干：确定是属于哪类题--标题类、目的类、大意类2.应用标记方法，在文章中标记主题句3.对比选项,排除干扰项
文章的 首段,尾段 或 每段首句概括
主 题 句 的 位 置
1. 标记一些表转折的连词： but, yet, hwever, in fact, indeed (的确、真正地)2. 复合句动词 shw, indicate , suggest (显示，表明) 引导的宾语从句
主 题 句 常 见 标 志 词
3. 标记一些表总结性，结论性的词：in brief all in all in shrt in cnclusinabve all in a wrdin all in summary after all finally
3. 标记一些表总结性，结论性的词：in brief 简言之 all in all 总的来说, in shrt 简言之 in cnclusin 总而言之 abve all 最重要的是 in a wrd 总而言之 in all 总共 in summary 总之after all 终究/竟然 finally 最后
1. What was schl like in the late 1800s? Wuld yu like t knw? T start with, imagine everyne in schl sharing nly ne teacher and ne classrm. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, mst American students went t a ne-rm schl. One teacher taught all the students in the schl, frm the first t eighth grades. A large class may have mre than frty students, while a small class may have nly five r six students. The yungest children sat in the frnt, while the ldest students sat in the back.
In Hneye Falls, New Yrk, there is a ne-rm schlhuse and children tday can experience the life as a student in the late 19th century. Fr a week during the summer, they wear19th century clthes and learn in the way children learned mre than a hundred years ag.What's the passage mainly abut?A. What were teachers like in the 19th century?B. What was schl like in the 19th century?C. Hw did students learn in the 19th century?D. Hw did children get t schl in the 19th century?
考察 主旨大意—主旨类思路：选项中要有主题关键词 首段第一句总结性话
1. Fu Gui, 33, was re-cnnected with his birth parents after using 'Baby Cme Hme', a Chinese website that helps peple find their missing children. Thanks t an nline facial recgnitin system. This is the first time in China a missing child and their parents have been re-cnnected with the help f facial recgnitin technlgy. The cutting-edge artificial intelligence（AI）technlgy（人工智能技术）was develped by Baidu, and has been used by 'Baby Cme Hme.’
A DNA test was carried ut t cmpare Fu Gui's bilgical infrmatin with his parents. The test cnfirmed that the tw parties were a match. The re-cnnectin f the Fu Gui and his parents marked the first case in China fr a missing child and their family t be matched with the help f facial recgnitin technlgy. We think mre and mre missing children will find the family t their birth parents. What is the best title frm the passage? A. Fu Gui fund his birth parents. B. The use f facial recgnitin technlgy. C. The use f Baidu's AI technlgy. D. Baby Cme Hme.
考察 主旨大意—标题类思路：首段最后一句总结 中间段第一句 每段句末总结
1) The underlined wrd in the passage means______.2) The wrd “…” in the first paragraph refers t_______.3) Which f the fllwing is clsest in meaning t the underlined wrd in the first/secnd/last paragraph?
1.定义法：一般通过定义、宾语从句、同位语从句来确定词义信号词如下：破折号 — —in ther wrdsis.. mean that is(t say) call
词 义 猜 测 方 法 — 定义法
1.定义法：一般通过定义、宾语从句、同位语从句来确定词义信号词如下：破折号 — —in ther wrds 换句话说… is.. 是…mean 意思是…that is(t say) 也就是说…call 叫…
be cnsidered t be define refer t be knwn as be called represent / signify
文章中一些重要的概念、术语、词汇通过以上词汇后面的语句进行解释
be cnsidered t be 被认为是define 解释..的含义 refer t 指的是be knwn as 被认为是be called 被称为 represent 相当于/ signify 表示
1.the wrd “adlescence” means the perid children and herdsman, wh lks after sheep , earns abut 650 yuan a year.（定语从句）（从3.His uncle is a zlgist ,an expert wh des research n animals. （定语从句）破折号4.It will be very hard but als very brittle---that is, it will break easily. 破折号A. easily brken B. sft inside C. very hard D. expensive
2.列举法：信号词：such as, like, fr example , fr instance 例如1.On the farm they mainly raise pultry , such as chickens, ducks and geese , fr their eggs and meat. The wrd “pultry”means______ A. 猎物 B.家禽 C.饲料 D.牲畜
词 义 猜 测 方 法 — 列举法
3.通过同义词或近义词关系猜测词义信号词：and, r1.She has a lw pinin f herself .when she is surrunded by many peple , she is shy and defensive.
词 义 猜 测 方 法 — 近义词法
4.对比法：通过反义词或反义关系猜测词义信号词：表转折 but, while, hwever , n the cntrary, therwise, 与nt搭配的活表示否定意义的词1. Mst f us agreed, hwever, Bill dissented.2. Twelve-year-ld sally was an active girl, but her sister was quite sedate.
词 义 猜 测 方 法 — 对比法
5. 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因信号词：because, as, since, fr, s, thus, as a result, f curse, therefre, s/such…that 等1. Yu shuldn’t have blamed him fr that , fr it wasn’t his fault.2. That museum is s immense that it will be impssible t see all the exhibits in ne day. A. very large B. crwed C. nisy D. gd
词 义 猜 测 方 法 — 因果法
6.构词法：很多单词是由词根、前缀、后缀组成词根是单词最基本的部分，在词根上加上前缀或后缀可以改变原词的意义。常用前缀： dis- un- in- im- ir- less-（表否定） dislike disappear unhappy incrrect impssible irregular hmeless
词 义 猜 测 方 法 — 构词法
re- (回、重新) review replace recycle-able (能..的 ) mvable passable -er -ist (人) teacher wrker scientist
7.上下句语境提示 1）The fficial asked the man what his ccupatin was. The man tld him that he wrked as an engineer. A. wrk B. study C.name D. interest
词 义 猜 测 方 法 — 语境提示
2）Please admit it. Dn't think that ur mistakes are caused by thers. Be brave and face the fact that we have made the mistakes. Dn't blame ther peple. A.嫉妒B.责备C.表扬D.羡慕
1. I dn't have any friends at schl. I think nbdy likes me. I never play with my classmates after class. I feel lnely smetimes.The underlined wrd "lnely" means "            " in Chinese?A.孤独的B.尴尬的C.沮丧的D.认真的
考察 ---中文词义猜测思路：从空格前语境提示：没有朋友、不和同学玩
3. "There are a lt f bystanders." Crdn said. "They see what's happening, but they are afraid t tell anyne.“The underlined wrd "bystanders" means            .A.欺凌者B.旁观者C.过路的人D.打架的人
3. “There are a lt f bystanders.” Crdn said. “They see what‘s happening, but they are afraid t tell anyne.” The underlined wrd "bystanders" means            .A.欺凌者B.旁观者C.过路的人D.打架的人
考察 ---中文词义猜测思路：提示词-said，通过said后面解释来猜测词义
1. SCIENCES Bilgy/ChemistryStudents can chse which class t attend.In bilgy this week, the tpic is Human Bdy. Students will learn abut hw it wrks. Alternatively, students can study chemistry. This class takes place in the science lab, and this week students learn abut H2 and O2.The underlined wrd "Alternatively" in clsest in meaning t "            " .A. As anther chiceB. Fr this reasnC. At the same timeD. In ther wrds
考察 ---中文词义猜测思路：根据标题-两个选择 或 生词前后两种课程选择
领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、及态度等。以原文内容为前提，根据作者的观点（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象给予合理的逻辑推断它要求考生在原文的基础上对文章信息进行分析、理解不仅需要读懂原文，而且还要理解作者的弦外之音
1) It can be inferred frm the text that… （言外之意）2) Frm the text we knw that…（言外之意）3) The stry implies that… （言外之意）4) The writers attitude tward…is… （态度）5 ) The writer’s purpse in writing this stry is …… （意图）
照抄原文：直接抄原文信息的选项无中生有：凭空推测，不立足原文
把 大 象 放 进 冰 箱 要 需 要 几 步
找定位词（回A、B、C、D四项中划公共定位词。如无，则A、B、C、D四项中逐一划定位词）2. 根据定位词找回原文，三句读。（定位词在的当句，下句和上句）3. 在A、B、C、D四项中寻找满足“立足原文，只推一步”或“推得近的>推得远的”两条原则中其中一条的正确选项
不要我认为…怎么样 ，要以原文为依据，不参杂个人意见。2. 文章中没有提到的，不要枉自猜测，一切以文章内容为准。3. 不选对的，只选最好的。有时候多个答案都有道理，选择最符合题目要求的一个。以原文为主，不要钻牛角尖。4. 选项中与原文相同的细节不能选，仅限推断题。
It was six feet lng and eighteen inches square, quite heavy t. In the gathering darkness I drve slwly. Other drivers seemed unusually plite that evening. The plice even stpped traffic t let us thrugh. Carrying furniture was a gd idea. After a time my wife said, " There’s a lng line f cars behind. Why dn't they vertake, I wnder? In fact a plice car did vertake. The tw fficers inside lked at us seriusly as they passed. But then, with great kindness, they led us thrugh the rush-hur traffic. The plice car stpped at ur village church. One f the fficers came t me. “Right, sir,” he said. “D yu need any mre help?
I was a bit puzzled. “Thanks, fficer, “ I said. He was staring at ur car, first at the flwers, then at the cupbard. “Well, well,” he said, laughing. “It‘s a cupbard yu’ve gt there! We thught it was smething else. My wife began t laugh. The truth hit me like as tne between the eyes (我才弄明白是怎么回事). I smiled at the fficer. Yes, it's a cupbard, but thanks again. I drve hme as fast as I culd.
Other drivers thught they were______. carrying a cupbard t the churchB. sending flwers t the churchC. carrying nthing but a piece f furnitureD. ging t attend a funerall(葬礼) at the church
1. We spent a day in the cuntry picking wild flwers. With the car full f flwers we were ging hme. On ur way back, my wife nticed a cupbard utside a shp. It was tall and narrw. “Buy it.” My wife said at nce, “We'll carry it hme n the rf rack. I've always wanted ne like that.” What culd I d? Ten minutes later, I was $20 prer, and the cupbard was tied n the rf rack. Frm the passage, we can see that in fact the husband _____the cupbard. A、thught it was wrth buyingB、believed they needed t buy C、was glad t have bughtD、wuld rather nt buy
1. We are all Terry's gd friends. But we have ne big prblem at that time. It is that n ne wants t play the farmer. The farmer is the bad man wh tries t ck Terry fr Thanksgiving dinner. Then, ur teacher Mr. Wallace says he can play the farmer. Hwever, he asks us nt t hit him t hard during the play when the animals try t help Terry. What prblem d they have at that time?A. Mr. Wallace gets hurt（受伤） during the playB. They dn't like the playC. They dn't want t write the play.D. They can't find anyne t play t farmer
把原文句子进行同义转换
3. One day, my grandpa went fishing and let me cme with him. He handed me the rd （杆子）, held my arms and taught me hw t thrw my line int the water. The sun warmed us. We sat and talked. "I remember when I culd sit here and watch the fish swimming in the water, " he said. Smetimes, they'd jump ut and land beside me. I didn't even need a fishing rd then. What was the weather like that day?A. Rainy.B. Cludy.C. Sunny.D. Snwy.
需要将原句关键词进行同义转换
We ften talk abut the weather. If we want t knw abut the weather, we can turn n the radi and listen t the weather reprt. We can als turn n the TV and watch the Weather Shw. And we can ask ther peple in tw different ways, "What's the weather like tday? “ Yu can watch the weather shw______. A. n the radiB. n TV C. at 121D. n bks
3. Nwadays, there is a saying that "A picture paints a thusand wrds". Perhaps that's why we are seeing mre and mre signs in pictures, r a cmbinatin f pictures and wrds. Hwever, that's the difficult part, because picture signs may have different meanings in different cuntries.What is the disadvantage （不利因素） f picture signs？A. They are t simple.B. They are nt easy t understand.C. They are nt as interesting as wrd sign.D. They may have different meanings in different cuntries.
题目将原文中difficult part转换成同义词：disadvantage
3. Peple drink a lt f tea. There are many kinds f tea such as black tea, green tea, white tea, lng tea and yellw tea. Peple drink a lt f tea in China. Sme peple drink it because it is gd fr them. It makes them healthy. Other peple drink it because it tastes very gd. Nwadays, peple all ver the wrld have their wn favrite tea and they drink it in different ways. Fr example, peple drink a lt f green tea in Japan and Krea. In Vietnam, sme peple drink cffee befre they drink tea. Arabs like drinking tea with mint（薄荷）and lts f sugar.
Peple in England enjy drinking tea every afternn. They prefer t put milk int their tea. Finally, many peple drink tea in the U. S. In the Suth, peple drink "sweet tea" . Sweet tea is cld black tea with sugar. In Nrth America, many peple drink iced with lemn n a ht summer day. Mst tea cmes frm China. Sme tea cmes frm India r Sri Lanka. Kenya, Japan, and Indnesia als grw a lt f tea. Since tea is s gd and ppular, why nt try sme tea nw?
What is the main purpse（意图）f this passage?A. T tell where tea cmes frm.B. T explain why peple drink tea.C. T teach peple hw t drink tea.D. T encurage peple t try sme tea.
考察 主旨大意—意图类思路：首段第一句：喝茶人多 第二段首句：喝茶好处 尾段：提倡人们喝茶
4. Every schl day, we use schlbags t carry all f ur things t schl. They are a big part f ur lives. But have yu ever thugh abut the histry f the schlbag? In the Han Dynasty （汉朝）, students in ld-style private schls used bamb bxes t carry bks t schl. Peple cnsider the bamb bxes t be the earliest schlbags.  Hundreds f years later, peple develped a new kind f schlbag called the budai, r the"hip-pcket" . The budai was lighter than the bamb bx. With the funding （成立） f thePeple's Republic f China, military rucksacks （军用帆布包） became ppular.
A new style f schlbags has appeared in recent years. Many f them have clrful and fashinable designs （时尚的设计） n them. Schlbags are still changing. Can yu imagine what future schlbags will be like? The purpse f the article is             tell us hw t use schlbagsB.t explain why we use schlbagsC.t intrduce the imprtance f schlbagsD.t intrduce the develpment f schlbags
The Camp Fire Girls earn hnr beads（ 荣誉珠） fr learning such skills as swimming and cking. The Girl Scuts earn badges（徽章）. Bth bys and girls can be members f 4-h clubs, Children wh live in either the city r the cuntry may belng t 4-h. A prject such as raising a pig r a calf can be carried n nly by farm children, while city children can take part in gardening and cking prjects. What is the passage mainly abut?A. Members f 4-h clubs in America.B. Clubs fr bys and girls in America.C. Different kinds f clubs in America.D. Children wh are interested in clubs.
考察 主旨大意—主旨类思路：从每段的总结性--首句找
4. Eyes are delicate. They can be scratched r cut easier than skin（皮肤）. If the particle is nt washed ut by tears, yu might have t g t the dctr. The underlined wrd" delicate" in Paragraph 3 means            .A. easily hurtB. quite imprtantC. easily prtectedD. quite special
考察 ---词义猜测思路：根据后句 对眼睛的 解释 可推出答案
2. They use their sharp teeth t frce pisn（毒素） int the insects they catch fr fd. This pisn can make an insect lse the ability t mve, and the helpless insect is then devured by the spider.What is the meaning f the underlined wrd "devured"?A. Eaten.B. Caught.C. Killed.D. Saved.