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普通高中英语学业水平合格性考试第3篇题型2阅读理解含答案
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这是一份普通高中英语学业水平合格性考试第3篇题型2阅读理解含答案
题型二 阅读理解一、主旨大意题[学考真题链接](2021年1月广东省学业水平)One Saturday, Mary and I were playing with a ball and suddenly the ball went into a big man's house. We went to his house and asked him if he could let us in to get our ball. He said，“No.” We felt helpless. Then I had an idea.There was a water tank(水箱) behind the man's house. I looked at it and told Mary that we could climb onto the water tank and jump over the wall. Mary agreed, but we were both wearing skirts. So we decided to get our ball the next day.The next morning Mary and I went to the water tank very early. We were both wearing shorts. Mary first climbed down into the man's house by herself and I followed her. We looked for the ball and found it under a bed. Along with the ball were some gold bars! In a rush，we climbed back with the ball.When we reached Mary's house, the TV was on. It was news time. We couldn't believe our ears when we heard that 20 gold bars were stolen from a gold shop. They showed a picture of the gold bars which were exactly the same as the ones we had seen under the big man's bed. We rushed to tell Mary's mother about the gold bars and she called the police immediately. The police came at once and caught the man. They found the gold bars in his house.Several days later a police officer came and said，“Thank you children for helping us catch the thief. Here is the reward for you. ”We opened the gift box and were greatly surprised. There were some detective(侦探的) storybooks.1．What can we learn about the big man from Paragraph 1?A．He was unhappy. B．He was crazy.C．He was unfriendly. D．He was rich.C [细节理解题。根据第一段“We went to his house and asked him if he could let us in to get our ball.He said，‘No.’”可知，作者和玛丽不小心把球踢进一个男人的房子之后想要取回球却遭到这个男人的拒绝，因此这个男人不太友善，故答案选C。]2．Why did the girls decide not to climb onto the water tank that Saturday?A．Because they got no permission.B．Because they were afraid of the big man.C．Because they didn't know how to climb onto it.D．Because they didn't wear suitable clothes.D [细节理解题。根据第一段“I looked at it...to get our ball the next day.”可知，作者和玛丽计划爬上水箱越墙入房子取球，但是她们当天都穿着裙子(不适合爬水箱越墙)，只能把计划改到第二天，故答案选D。]3．Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2?A．Mary was followed by the man.B．Mary went to the water tank alone.C．Both of the girls got into the house.D．The girls ran out with the gold bars.C [细节理解题。根据第二段“Mary first climbed down into the man's house by herself and I followed her.”可知，作者和玛丽都进入了房子，故答案选C。]4．How did the girls know that the gold bars were stolen from a gold shop?A．By watching the TV news.B．By questioning the man.C．By asking Mary's mother.D．By calling the police.A [细节理解题。根据第三段“When we reached Mary's house，the TV was on.It was news time...from a gold shop.”可知，作者和玛丽是通过看电视新闻知道这个男人房子里的金条是从金铺偷来的。故答案选A。]5．What is the best title for the passage?A．Two Honest GirlsB．A Ball and Gold BarsC．Skirts and ShortsD．A Stupid ThiefB [标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了作者和玛丽不小心把球踢进了一个大个子男人的房子里，两人在寻找球的过程中意外发现了被偷的金条的故事，故答案选B。][题型解法指导]【命题特点】针对文章的主要内容、中心思想、段落大意以及文章的标题进行设问。【考查重点】(1)对文章的归纳总结能力。(2)对标题关键词的提炼能力。【方法技巧】(1)利用信息词(如all in all等)确定主题句的位置。(2)对于主题隐含的段落，先弄清问题的意思，然后快速通读全文，逐项排除，确定主旨。(3)记叙文：“何人何时何地何法做何事”。(4)议论文：多在首段或尾段。(5)夹叙夹议：多在尾段。[题型对点演练]Over 70 percent of the “double singlechild couples” in China need help from their parents in taking care of their own kids，according to a recent survey.Women of China magazine and a consulting company carried out a survey recently on young couples of the “singlechild” generation，the Morning Post reports.The couples surveyed were around 29 and have been married for three years on average，with university education and monthly income of 4，000 yuan ($531)．Among them，43.5 percent have kids.Results show that 71.9 percent of the young couples have help from their parents in taking care of their kids.Grown up as the “singlechild”，the only child in a family since the family planning policy which was adopted in 1979，this generation depends much on their parents.The parents of the “singlechild” generation focused more on their children's physical wellbeing rather than their attitudes and values，according to some psychologists.The research also found that the “double singlechild couples” follow a rather traditional value system.Survey shows that 27.5 percent of them got married after dating for one to two years，25.2 percent two to five years，and 20 percent didn't tie the knot until dating for five years.Also，30 percent of the couples were schoolmates，while 43.8 percent were introduced by someone.Since their marriage is based on enduring relationships，65.2 percent of the husbands and 62.9 percent of the wives think that compromise(妥协) and tolerance (宽容) are necessary in their marriage.Meanwhile，21.7 percent of the husbands and 37.1 percent of the wives support the idea that happiness is the key standard for a marriage.【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了让父母照顾孩子的社会现象。1．The best title for the passage should be“________” .A．Mum and Dad，take care of my kid pleaseB．Double singlechild couplesC．The problem of the single childD．A recent survey by Women of ChinaA [标题归纳题。文章首段就点明了文章的论点——很多独生子女让父母为他们照顾孩子。下文就围绕这一论点展开具体论述。]2．Which of the following is NOT supported by the passage?A．The majority of the “double singlechild couples” in China depend much on their parents.B．The parents of the“singlechild” generation cared more about their study and education.C．Onefifth of the couples surveyed didn't get married until dating for five years.D．All the couples surveyed have university education and 30 percent of them were schoolmates.B [细节理解题。根据文章第五段可知，这些独生子女的父母更多地关心他们的物质生活，而不是他们的态度和价值观，这里的态度和价值观当然包括他们的学习观和教育观，故B项表述错误，符合题意。其他选项文中均有表述。]3．Which of the following descriptions about“double singlechild couples” is TRUE?A．They are single children in either family and they are independent.B．They are single children in either family and they are dependent on their parents.C．They have at least two children and can afford to support themselves.D．They，who were introduced by someone, follow a rather traditional value system.B [细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知，他们都是独生子女，并且很依赖他们的父母。]4．The traditional value system mentioned in the passage refers that ________．A．parents are concerned about their children's physical life as well as the spiritual lifeB．most couples were introduced by someone and made dating for a long timeC．once begun，“double singlechild couples” marriage will last foreverD．the couples think that compromise and tolerance are necessary in their marriageD [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知，传统价值观念包括：夫妇双方都要有一定的妥协和容忍。由第五段可以排除A项；由第七段可以排除B项；C项文中没有提到。]5．According to the passage，we can learn that ________ is necessary in a marriage.A．wealth B．healthC．understanding D．educationC [推理判断题。根据最后一段“...65.2 percent of the husbands and 62.9 percent of the wives think that compromise and tolerance are necessary in their marriage.”中的compromise和tolerance 可知，C项为正确答案。A、B、D三项文中也有涉及，但都不是最准确的。]二、细节理解题[学考真题链接](2021年1月广东省学业水平)In many families today, both the mother and the father have jobs outside the home. This can make it difficult to take care of the children. To help, some companies are changing the work rules. These companies are trying to be more familyfriendly.What are companies doing to become familyfriendly? Many companies are allowing their employees(雇员) to work flexible(灵活的) hours. With flexible hours, people can work full time, but they don't have to work to a ninetofive schedule. Some employees choose to come early and leave early. Some employees choose to work ten hours one day and six hours the next. Most companies say that flexible hours increase productivity. In the United States, about onethird of fulltime employees have flexible work schedules.Familyfriendly companies also allow two employees to share one job.Each employee does half the job and gets half the salary. In the United States，27% of the companies offer some kind of job sharing.Many familyfriendly companies also give paid leave to both parents when a baby is born. In many countries，employers have to give female workers time off before and after the birth of a child. In the United States, for example，female employees get 12 weeks of unpaid time off. New mothers can stay at home, but they don't get their salary. In some countries, employers have to give all workers paid leave for the birth of their child. In Finland，for example，both male and female employees get paid leave. Women get 105 days of paid leave and men get 42.The way people work is changing. For many people，that is a good thing.1．Some companies make some changes in their work rules to ________．A．allow parents to work at homeB．give parents more time to relaxC．provide parents with more job opportunitiesD．enable parents to take care of their childrenD [细节理解题。根据第一段“In many families today，...some companies are changing the work rules.”可知，父母都在外面工作，无人照顾孩子，为了解决此问题，一些公司改变了工作制度，让员工有时间来照顾家庭和孩子。故答案选D。]2．According to Paragraph 2, employees in familyfriendly companies ________．A．can arrange their work time themselvesB．can work with their babies aroundC．must work from nine to fiveD．must share jobs with othersA [细节理解题。根据第二段“What are companies doing to become familyfriendly？...to work flexible hours.”可知，为了有利于员工照顾孩子，很多公司允许其员工有灵活的工作时间。故答案选A。]3．Which of the following is true according to the passage?A．Employers become busier with flexible hours.B．Employers have enough time to look after their children.C．Employees can get jobsharing opportunities in some American companies.D．Employees can have three months' paid leave in some American companies.C [细节理解题。根据第三段可知，美国的一些公司允许两名员工共同从事一份工作，每位员工做一半的工作并获得一半的薪水。故答案选C。]4．In some countries, paid leave is given to both parents when ________．A．they have physical problemsB．they have a new babyC．they do a good jobD．they do extra workB [细节理解题。根据第四段“In some countries，employers have to give all workers paid leave for the birth of their child.”可知，一些公司会在婴儿出生时给父母双方带薪休假。故答案选B。]5．This passage is mainly about ________．A．some companies' familyfriendly rulesB．ways of job sharing in some companiesC．job opportunities for female employeesD．companies' work rules about getting leaveA [主旨大意题。文章介绍了如何解决父母都在外面工作，无人照顾孩子的问题。一些公司改变了工作制度，让员工有更多的时间来照顾家庭和孩子。故答案选A。][题型解法指导]【命题特点】针对原文具体叙述本身设问，可以直接或间接找到答案，常以who，which，what，where等设问。【考查重点】(1)直接理解题(信息可在原文中直接找到答案)。(2)语意转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换)。【方法技巧】1．查读法(1)速读全文，掌握大意。(2)按文章体裁、作者组材方式寻找关键信息词。(3)找到细节，认真推敲，甚至计算等。2．按组材模式阅读(常见模式)(1)列举型：抓住作者所举事例。(2)时间、空间型：掌握具体的时间、地点。(3)分类、例证型：掌握例证的事实细节，以便得到答案。(4)程序型：理清说明事物的顺序，从而得出答案。(5)因果分析型：理清因果关系，从而推出答案。(6)比较、对比型：通过比较，对比事实细节，找到答案。[题型对点演练]Samuel Osmond is a 19yearold law student from Cornwall，England.He never studied the piano.However，he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them.He learns a piece of music by listening to it in parts.Then he thinks about the notes in his head.Two years ago，he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata (奏鸣曲) by Beethoven.He surprised everyone around him.Amazed that he remembered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly，his teachers say Samuel is unbelievable.They say his ability is very rare，but Samuel doesn't even realize that what he can do is special.Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents，but music teachers told him he should study music instead.Now，he studies law and music.Samuel can't understand why everyone is so surprised.“I grew up with music.My mother played the piano and my father played the guitar.About two years ago，I suddenly decided to start playing the piano，without being able to read music and without having any lessons.It comes easily to me—I hear the notes and can bear them in mind—each and every note”，says Samuel.Recently，Samuel performed a piece during a special event at his college.The piece had more than a thousand notes.The audience was impressed by his amazing performance.He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists can't play it.Samuel says confidently，“It's all about super memory—I guess I have that gift.”However，Samuel's ability to remember things doesn't stop with music.His family says that even when he was a young boy，Samuel heard someone read a story，and then he could retell the story word for word.Samuel is still only a teenager.He doesn't know what he wants to do in the future.For now，he is just happy to play beautiful music and continue his studies.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要讲述了英国19岁的音乐天才Samuel Osmond的故事。1．What is special about Samuel Osmond?A．He has a gift for writing music.B．He can write down the note he hears.C．He is a top student at the law school.D．He can play the musical piece he hears.D [细节理解题。根据第一段的“...he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them.”可知，Samuel Osmond的天赋在于他可以弹出他听到的音乐片段。故选D。]2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A．Samuel chose law against the wish of his parents.B．Samuel planned to be a lawyer rather than a musician.C．Samuel thinks of himself as a man of great musical ability.D．Samuel studies law and music on the advice of his teachers.B [推理判断题。根据第二段的“Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents...”可知，Samuel在父母的期待下打算成为律师，故选B。由“...but music teachers told him he should study music instead”可知，老师只是建议他学习音乐而放弃法律，故D项是错误的。]3．Everyone around Samuel was surprised because he ________．A．received a good early education in musicB．played the guitar and the piano perfectlyC．could play the piano without reading musicD．could play the guitar better than his fatherC [细节理解题。根据第三段的“Samuel can't understand why everyone is so surprised.”和“...without being able to read music and without having any lessons.It comes easily to me...”可知，他虽然没有接受过专业的音乐训练，但是他却能非常熟练地弹钢琴，大家都为此感到很惊讶。故选C。]4．What can we infer about Samuel in Paragraph 4?A．He became famous during a special event at his college.B．He is proud of his ability to remember things accurately.C．He plays the piano better than many professional pianists.D．He impressed the audience by playing all the musical pieces.B [推理判断题。根据第四段的“Samuel says confidently，‘It's all about super memory—I guess I have that gift.’”可知，Samuel对他超群的记忆力很自信，即很自豪。故选B。根据第四段的“He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists can't play it.”可知，他只是在一个较难的乐章方面超越了一些专业钢琴家，并不是总体上超越了他们，故C项犯了以偏概全的错误。]5．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A．The qualities of a musicianB．The story of a musical talentC．The importance of early educationD．The relationship between memory and musicB [标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了英国19岁的音乐天才Samuel Osmond的故事。故选B。]三、词义猜测题[学考真题链接](2021年1月广东省学业水平)Modern inventions have greatly increased people's love of speed. Motor cars cover a hundred miles in a little more than one hour, aircraft cross the world within a day，while computers operate at lightning speed. Indeed, this love of speed seems neverending. Every year we produce motor cars which go even faster and each new computer is said to save precious seconds in handling tasks.All this saves time，but at a price. When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the uncomfortable feeling known as jet lag(时差反应)：our bodies feel that they have been left behind in another time zone. Again, spending too much time in front of computers results in eye pain or finger pain.Mobile phones also have their dangers, according to some scientists. Too much use may do harm to our brains, a bad result we do not like to think about.What do we do with the time we have saved then? Certainly not relax. We are so used to constant(连续不断的) activities that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio，letting imagination take us into another world.Modern inventions have brought us great benefits, but at the same time, we have lost a lot of fun as human beings.There was a time when some people's lives were devoted simply to the farming of the land or the care of cattle. Their lives went on at a much slower speed, and in a familiar pattern. We might admire a way of life like this, yet such a lifestyle will be just a dream for us nowadays. Modern technology has changed everything.1．The underlined word “lightning” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________．A．fast B．unexpectedC．possible D．excitingA [词义猜测题。根据前面“汽车行驶100公里用一个多小时，飞机绕世界飞行用不到一天的时间”以及后面“事实上，我们对速度的热爱是永无止境的”可知，此处应是说计算机的运行速度快，故选A。]2．According to Paragraph 2，we save time at the price of our ________．A．happiness B．healthC．wealth D．safetyB [细节理解题。根据第二段“All this saves time，but at a price...uncomfortable feeling known as jet lag...results in eye pain and fingers pain...harm to our brains”等可知，所有这些节省的时间让我们付出了健康的代价。故选B。]3．According to the passage，modern inventions make life ________．A．happier and more relaxingB．faster and less enjoyableC．simpler and less comfortableD．slower and healthierB [细节理解题。根据最后一段“Modern inventions have brought us great benefits，but at the same time，we have lost a lot of fun as human beings.”可知，现代的发明给我们节省了很多时间，但同时也让我们的生活失去了许多乐趣，故答案选B。]4．The last paragraph suggests that ________．A．life in the future will be betterB．we should do more physical workC．we cannot enjoy modern lifeD．our life cannot be what it used to beD [推理判断题。根据最后一段“We might admire a way of life like this，yet such a lifestyle will be just a dream for us nowadays.”可知，我们或许会羡慕这样的生活模式(过去清闲和传统的生活模式)，然而对于现代的我们而言这样的生活模式只是一个梦想！故答案选D。]5．Which section of the newspaper is the passage probably from?A．Business. B．Education.C．Life. D．Sports.C [文章出处题。文章主要讲述了现代科技给人类生活带来省时高效的同时也使人类失去了过往生活的简单和安逸。故答案选C。][题型解法指导]【命题特点】利用上下文判断单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力。【考查重点】(1)生词的语境猜测。(2)词组及短语的指代。【设问方式】(1)The word “...”refers to... (2)The underlined phrase means... (3)By saying“...”we mean... (4)The expression“...”stands for...【方法技巧】(1)利用上下文，通过对应结构或平行结构中的同义词、反义词进行判断。(2)利用定语从句、同位语从句等进行判断。(3)根据关联词，如but，however，not only...but also等进行判断。(4)利用构词法进行判断。[题型对点演练]I still remember—my hands and my fingers still remember—what used to lie in store for us on our return to school from the holidays.The trees in the school yard would be in full leaf again and the old leaves would be lying around like a muddy sea of leaves.“Get that all swept up！”the headmaster would tell us.“I want the whole place cleaned up，at once！”There was enough work there，to last over a week.Especially since the only tools with which we were provided were our hands，our fingers，our nails.“Now see that it's done properly，and be quick about it，”the headmaster would say to the older pupils，“or you'll have to answer for it！”So at an order from the older boys we would all line up like peanuts about to cut and gather in crops.If the work was not going as quickly as the headmaster expected，the big boys，instead of giving us a helping hand，used to beat us with branches pulled from the trees.In order to avoid these blows，we used to bribe(贿赂) the older boys with the juicy cakes we used to bring for our midday meal.And if we happened to have any money on us，the coins changed hands at once.If we did not do this，if we were afraid of going home with an empty stomach or an empty purse，the blows were redoubled.They hit us so violently and with such evil enjoyment that even a deaf and dumb person would have realized that we were being whipped not so much to make us work harder，but rather to beat us into a state of obedience(服从) in which we would be only too glad to give up our food and money.Occasionally one of us，worn out by such calculated cruelty，would have the courage to complain to the headmaster.He would of course be very angry，but the punishment he gave the older boys was always very small—nothing compared to what they had done to us.And the fact was that however much we complained，our situation did not improve in the slightest.Perhaps we should have let our parents know what was going on，but somehow we never dreamed of doing so；I don't know whether it was loyalty or pride that kept us silent，but I can see now that we were foolish to keep quiet about it，for such beating is completely foreign to our nature.【语篇解读】 本文介绍作者过完假期返校后校长让孩子们清扫落叶的经历，为此作者受了不少苦，故记忆深刻。1．The statement “my hands and my fingers still remember” in Paragraph 1 means that “ ”．A．the author's hands were severely injured in the cleaning upB．the author seldom did such hard work as the cleaning upC．the author was bullied by the big boys in the cleaning upD．the author's hands were his only tool for the cleaningD [句意猜测题。作者一开始用了两个remember表明他对假期后返校要清扫落叶一事记忆深刻。第二段提到自己在为学校清扫落叶时没有别的工具，唯一的工具就是手，由此可推断“手和指尖都记得”是因为在大扫除中，作者的手作为唯一的清洁工具受了不少的罪，故选D。]2．The headmaster would tell the students to clean up the school yard at the beginning of the term because ________．A．he was too lazyB．there were many fallen leaves on the groundC．the school yard was covered with mudD．the students didn't finish their homeworkB [细节理解题。第一段最后一句提到假期后学校会堆满落叶，第二段校长发布学生大扫除的命令，两者之间的因果关系显而易见，因此本题应选B。]3．The headmaster asked the older boys to ________．A．beat those who worked slowlyB．treat the small boys as peanutsC．take charge of the process of the cleaningD．do the cleaning all by themselvesC [推理判断题。第二段最后一句，特别是其中的see，表明校长让大孩子们做大扫除的“监工”，负责带领其他孩子们把学校打扫干净。这也可以从该段最后一句的“or you'll have to answer for it！”(否则你们就要为此负责)可以看出答案。故选C。]4．According to Paragraph 3，if the author had any money on him，he most probably ________．A．gave it to the big boys so as to please themB．gave it as a bribe to the headmasterC．spent it all on his midday mealD．spent it buying midday meals for the big boysA [推理判断题。根据第三段第四句中的“the coins changed hands at once”可理解为“钱马上就会易主”，即到了大孩子们的口袋里。故答案为A。]5．When receiving complaints，the headmaster would deal with the big boys by means of ________．A．slight punishmentB．harsh criticismC．complete indifferenceD．good beatingA [细节理解题。根据题干中的complaints可定位到最后一段开头两句。该段第二句表明校长对大孩子的惩罚很轻微，因此本题应选A。]四、推理判断题[学考真题链接](2019年1月广东省学业水平)Nowadays，many of us spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronic devices and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors.The result is that our brain easily feels tired.We need to give the brain a rest，but how?David Strayer is a professor of psychology at the University of Utah.He claims that camping may be just what a techtired brain needs.His argument finds strong support from Carl and Kate，two experienced campers.Carl，who works for a mobile phone company，says that being outdoors makes him feel relaxed.It also prepares him for the work he must do.“Camping gives us a chance to be in touch with nature and it's very relaxing.When you return to work on Monday，you're in a better state of mind.I really like the way I feel on Monday.”Kate is a senior editor.She says camping brings her some peace she couldn't have otherwise.She even finds herself more creative. David Strayer explains that camping allows close contact with nature and being in nature calms the brain and helps it to focus.When people go camping，they need to learn about animals and natural environments; they have to deal with the weather，learn to stay dry in the rain or warm in the snow and have to keep the feet in good condition when hiking and walking.Some might say that taking a long walk in the woods or by the ocean or in a city park is wonderful，too.But camping requires that one spend more time in nature and it can test him in different ways.And it brings more health benefit as well.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。过度使用电子设备的后果是我们的大脑会感到疲劳。作者以卡尔和凯特为例展示了露营的好处。1．What is the result of using electronic devices too much?A．We will waste time.B．Our brain will feel tired.C．Our study will be influenced.D．Our brain will be refreshed.B [细节理解题。根据第一段中“The result is that our brain easily feels tired.”可知，过度使用电子设备的后果是我们的大脑会感到疲劳。故选B。]2．How does Carl feel after camping?A．Warm. B．Calm.C．Relaxed. D．Peaceful.C [细节理解题。根据第二段中“says that being outdoors makes him feel relaxed”可知，露营后卡尔感到放松。故选C。]3．Why does the author take Carl and Kate as examples?A．To share a good camping site.B．To share their work experiences.C．To show their interest in camping.D．To show advantages of camping.D [推理判断题。根据第二段中“He claims that camping may be just what a techtired brain needs.His argument finds strong support from Carl and Kate，two experienced campers.”可知，作者以卡尔和凯特为例主要是为了展示露营的好处。故选D。]4．Which of the following is the benefit of camping?A．It helps protect the environment.B．It helps us learn more about nature.C．It teaches us to keep warm in the rain.D．It teaches us to avoid difficult situations.B [细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“David Strayer explains that camping allows close contact with nature and being in nature calms the brain and helps it to focus.”可知，露营的好处是它帮助我们更多地了解自然。故选B。]5．What is the author's attitude towards camping?A．Positive. B．Negative.C．Uninterested. D．Doubtful.A [推理判断题。根据最后一段“Some might say that taking a long walk in the woods or by the ocean or in a city park is wonderful，too.But camping requires that one spend more time in nature and it can test him in different ways.And it brings more health benefit as well.”可知，作者对露营的态度是“积极的”。故选A。][题型解法指导]【命题特点】根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意。常用的词有infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。【考查重点】表层意思的理解与推理；深层含义的领悟与推理；同时涉及数据推断，知识推断，逻辑结论推断，表明作者态度、观点的推断等。【方法技巧】抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推断；整合全文(段)信息进行推断；根据上下文逻辑关系进行推理得出结论。[题型对点演练]I've spent over a year in India，and in those 365 plus days，I've learned a lot about getting around Indian cities.My biggest lessons have been learned through being cheated，particularly by taxi and rickshaw (火力车) drivers，but that doesn't mean those are bad ways to travel，as long as you know what you're doing.Below are the best ways to get around the city of Delhi，India，and tips for how to keep from being the victim of scams(欺诈)．Taking taxis is a great way to get around the city of Delhi and chances are，if you arrive in Delhi by plane，as soon as you make it through customs，you'll be swarmed by Indian taxi drivers.At the Delhi airport，be sure to arrange for a taxi to your hotel at one of the two Delhi Traffic Police Taxi Booths.One is inside the airport，and the other is outside.The key is to make sure to go to a booth run by the police，rather than by independent taxi drivers.Rickshaws are one of my favourite ways to get around Indian cities，in part because it's how the locals often travel.Autorickshaws are more common，but bicycle rickshaws are still used in Old Delhi.If you do have a chance to take a bicycle rickshaw，you should do it at least once for a unique experience that should only set you back about 15 rupees.Autorickshaw rates around Delhi range between 30 and 80 rupees，depending on the distance.If you really want to travel around Delhi like the locals，take a public bus.Indian buses become very crowded and most do not have air conditioning.They are，however，very cheap.A bus trip won't set you back any more than 15 rupees，as long as you stay within the city limits.Since Indian buses get so crowded，try to board the bus at the start of the route so you can get a seat.The train is a great way to get around within the city of Delhi.Fares are reasonable，between 6 and 22 rupees.All departure announcements are in both Hindi and English，and tokens can be purchased for between 6 and 22 rupees.【语篇解读】 本文作者给去印度德里旅行的游客就交通方面提出了几点建议。1．The author is trying to ________in Delhi through this text.A．give some advice of travellingB．expect us to travel aroundC．show his/her experiencesD．explain the difficulties of travellingA [推理判断题。通读全文，我们可以看出，作者在本文中给读者提出了一些建议，告诉读者在德里旅行时应注意的一些问题。因此，本文的写作目的也就是要给读者提出建议。]2．To avoid being cheated，you ought to ________ if you want to take a taxi at the Delhi airport.A．pay more to the drivers to keep safeB．show your ticket to the driverC．go to a policerun boothD．go out of the airportC [细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，在机场搭乘出租车时，应到警察经营的摊位。]3．The author suggests taking a rickshaw in order to ________．A．save some moneyB．enjoy the comfortable trip C．gain a unique experienceD．help the local rickshaw driversC [细节理解题。根据第三段的第三句可知，作者建议乘坐人力车以获得一种独特的体验。]4．What can we infer from the passage?A．You won't have to pay much if you travel around by bus in India.B．It will be difficult for you to get a seat if you get on the bus halfway.C．A rickshaw driver only charges whatever amount you give him.D．You'll have to speak English if you travel around in India.B [推理判断题。根据第四段的最后一句可知，为了上车后能有一个座位，作者建议最好从起点站上车。这就意味着如果中途上车的话，就很难有座位了。]5．Which may be the main topic of the text?A．Hotel recommendations in DelhiB．Weather conditions in DelhiC．Food and drink in DelhiD．Car rentals in DelhiD [主旨大意题。由本文第一段的最后一句可知，本文主要介绍了关于在德里交通方面避免受骗的几点建议。在给出的几个选项当中，只有D项与交通有关。据此，我们可以确定后面最有可能要讨论的是汽车租赁业务。]
题型二 阅读理解一、主旨大意题[学考真题链接](2021年1月广东省学业水平)One Saturday, Mary and I were playing with a ball and suddenly the ball went into a big man's house. We went to his house and asked him if he could let us in to get our ball. He said，“No.” We felt helpless. Then I had an idea.There was a water tank(水箱) behind the man's house. I looked at it and told Mary that we could climb onto the water tank and jump over the wall. Mary agreed, but we were both wearing skirts. So we decided to get our ball the next day.The next morning Mary and I went to the water tank very early. We were both wearing shorts. Mary first climbed down into the man's house by herself and I followed her. We looked for the ball and found it under a bed. Along with the ball were some gold bars! In a rush，we climbed back with the ball.When we reached Mary's house, the TV was on. It was news time. We couldn't believe our ears when we heard that 20 gold bars were stolen from a gold shop. They showed a picture of the gold bars which were exactly the same as the ones we had seen under the big man's bed. We rushed to tell Mary's mother about the gold bars and she called the police immediately. The police came at once and caught the man. They found the gold bars in his house.Several days later a police officer came and said，“Thank you children for helping us catch the thief. Here is the reward for you. ”We opened the gift box and were greatly surprised. There were some detective(侦探的) storybooks.1．What can we learn about the big man from Paragraph 1?A．He was unhappy. B．He was crazy.C．He was unfriendly. D．He was rich.C [细节理解题。根据第一段“We went to his house and asked him if he could let us in to get our ball.He said，‘No.’”可知，作者和玛丽不小心把球踢进一个男人的房子之后想要取回球却遭到这个男人的拒绝，因此这个男人不太友善，故答案选C。]2．Why did the girls decide not to climb onto the water tank that Saturday?A．Because they got no permission.B．Because they were afraid of the big man.C．Because they didn't know how to climb onto it.D．Because they didn't wear suitable clothes.D [细节理解题。根据第一段“I looked at it...to get our ball the next day.”可知，作者和玛丽计划爬上水箱越墙入房子取球，但是她们当天都穿着裙子(不适合爬水箱越墙)，只能把计划改到第二天，故答案选D。]3．Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2?A．Mary was followed by the man.B．Mary went to the water tank alone.C．Both of the girls got into the house.D．The girls ran out with the gold bars.C [细节理解题。根据第二段“Mary first climbed down into the man's house by herself and I followed her.”可知，作者和玛丽都进入了房子，故答案选C。]4．How did the girls know that the gold bars were stolen from a gold shop?A．By watching the TV news.B．By questioning the man.C．By asking Mary's mother.D．By calling the police.A [细节理解题。根据第三段“When we reached Mary's house，the TV was on.It was news time...from a gold shop.”可知，作者和玛丽是通过看电视新闻知道这个男人房子里的金条是从金铺偷来的。故答案选A。]5．What is the best title for the passage?A．Two Honest GirlsB．A Ball and Gold BarsC．Skirts and ShortsD．A Stupid ThiefB [标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了作者和玛丽不小心把球踢进了一个大个子男人的房子里，两人在寻找球的过程中意外发现了被偷的金条的故事，故答案选B。][题型解法指导]【命题特点】针对文章的主要内容、中心思想、段落大意以及文章的标题进行设问。【考查重点】(1)对文章的归纳总结能力。(2)对标题关键词的提炼能力。【方法技巧】(1)利用信息词(如all in all等)确定主题句的位置。(2)对于主题隐含的段落，先弄清问题的意思，然后快速通读全文，逐项排除，确定主旨。(3)记叙文：“何人何时何地何法做何事”。(4)议论文：多在首段或尾段。(5)夹叙夹议：多在尾段。[题型对点演练]Over 70 percent of the “double singlechild couples” in China need help from their parents in taking care of their own kids，according to a recent survey.Women of China magazine and a consulting company carried out a survey recently on young couples of the “singlechild” generation，the Morning Post reports.The couples surveyed were around 29 and have been married for three years on average，with university education and monthly income of 4，000 yuan ($531)．Among them，43.5 percent have kids.Results show that 71.9 percent of the young couples have help from their parents in taking care of their kids.Grown up as the “singlechild”，the only child in a family since the family planning policy which was adopted in 1979，this generation depends much on their parents.The parents of the “singlechild” generation focused more on their children's physical wellbeing rather than their attitudes and values，according to some psychologists.The research also found that the “double singlechild couples” follow a rather traditional value system.Survey shows that 27.5 percent of them got married after dating for one to two years，25.2 percent two to five years，and 20 percent didn't tie the knot until dating for five years.Also，30 percent of the couples were schoolmates，while 43.8 percent were introduced by someone.Since their marriage is based on enduring relationships，65.2 percent of the husbands and 62.9 percent of the wives think that compromise(妥协) and tolerance (宽容) are necessary in their marriage.Meanwhile，21.7 percent of the husbands and 37.1 percent of the wives support the idea that happiness is the key standard for a marriage.【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了让父母照顾孩子的社会现象。1．The best title for the passage should be“________” .A．Mum and Dad，take care of my kid pleaseB．Double singlechild couplesC．The problem of the single childD．A recent survey by Women of ChinaA [标题归纳题。文章首段就点明了文章的论点——很多独生子女让父母为他们照顾孩子。下文就围绕这一论点展开具体论述。]2．Which of the following is NOT supported by the passage?A．The majority of the “double singlechild couples” in China depend much on their parents.B．The parents of the“singlechild” generation cared more about their study and education.C．Onefifth of the couples surveyed didn't get married until dating for five years.D．All the couples surveyed have university education and 30 percent of them were schoolmates.B [细节理解题。根据文章第五段可知，这些独生子女的父母更多地关心他们的物质生活，而不是他们的态度和价值观，这里的态度和价值观当然包括他们的学习观和教育观，故B项表述错误，符合题意。其他选项文中均有表述。]3．Which of the following descriptions about“double singlechild couples” is TRUE?A．They are single children in either family and they are independent.B．They are single children in either family and they are dependent on their parents.C．They have at least two children and can afford to support themselves.D．They，who were introduced by someone, follow a rather traditional value system.B [细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知，他们都是独生子女，并且很依赖他们的父母。]4．The traditional value system mentioned in the passage refers that ________．A．parents are concerned about their children's physical life as well as the spiritual lifeB．most couples were introduced by someone and made dating for a long timeC．once begun，“double singlechild couples” marriage will last foreverD．the couples think that compromise and tolerance are necessary in their marriageD [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知，传统价值观念包括：夫妇双方都要有一定的妥协和容忍。由第五段可以排除A项；由第七段可以排除B项；C项文中没有提到。]5．According to the passage，we can learn that ________ is necessary in a marriage.A．wealth B．healthC．understanding D．educationC [推理判断题。根据最后一段“...65.2 percent of the husbands and 62.9 percent of the wives think that compromise and tolerance are necessary in their marriage.”中的compromise和tolerance 可知，C项为正确答案。A、B、D三项文中也有涉及，但都不是最准确的。]二、细节理解题[学考真题链接](2021年1月广东省学业水平)In many families today, both the mother and the father have jobs outside the home. This can make it difficult to take care of the children. To help, some companies are changing the work rules. These companies are trying to be more familyfriendly.What are companies doing to become familyfriendly? Many companies are allowing their employees(雇员) to work flexible(灵活的) hours. With flexible hours, people can work full time, but they don't have to work to a ninetofive schedule. Some employees choose to come early and leave early. Some employees choose to work ten hours one day and six hours the next. Most companies say that flexible hours increase productivity. In the United States, about onethird of fulltime employees have flexible work schedules.Familyfriendly companies also allow two employees to share one job.Each employee does half the job and gets half the salary. In the United States，27% of the companies offer some kind of job sharing.Many familyfriendly companies also give paid leave to both parents when a baby is born. In many countries，employers have to give female workers time off before and after the birth of a child. In the United States, for example，female employees get 12 weeks of unpaid time off. New mothers can stay at home, but they don't get their salary. In some countries, employers have to give all workers paid leave for the birth of their child. In Finland，for example，both male and female employees get paid leave. Women get 105 days of paid leave and men get 42.The way people work is changing. For many people，that is a good thing.1．Some companies make some changes in their work rules to ________．A．allow parents to work at homeB．give parents more time to relaxC．provide parents with more job opportunitiesD．enable parents to take care of their childrenD [细节理解题。根据第一段“In many families today，...some companies are changing the work rules.”可知，父母都在外面工作，无人照顾孩子，为了解决此问题，一些公司改变了工作制度，让员工有时间来照顾家庭和孩子。故答案选D。]2．According to Paragraph 2, employees in familyfriendly companies ________．A．can arrange their work time themselvesB．can work with their babies aroundC．must work from nine to fiveD．must share jobs with othersA [细节理解题。根据第二段“What are companies doing to become familyfriendly？...to work flexible hours.”可知，为了有利于员工照顾孩子，很多公司允许其员工有灵活的工作时间。故答案选A。]3．Which of the following is true according to the passage?A．Employers become busier with flexible hours.B．Employers have enough time to look after their children.C．Employees can get jobsharing opportunities in some American companies.D．Employees can have three months' paid leave in some American companies.C [细节理解题。根据第三段可知，美国的一些公司允许两名员工共同从事一份工作，每位员工做一半的工作并获得一半的薪水。故答案选C。]4．In some countries, paid leave is given to both parents when ________．A．they have physical problemsB．they have a new babyC．they do a good jobD．they do extra workB [细节理解题。根据第四段“In some countries，employers have to give all workers paid leave for the birth of their child.”可知，一些公司会在婴儿出生时给父母双方带薪休假。故答案选B。]5．This passage is mainly about ________．A．some companies' familyfriendly rulesB．ways of job sharing in some companiesC．job opportunities for female employeesD．companies' work rules about getting leaveA [主旨大意题。文章介绍了如何解决父母都在外面工作，无人照顾孩子的问题。一些公司改变了工作制度，让员工有更多的时间来照顾家庭和孩子。故答案选A。][题型解法指导]【命题特点】针对原文具体叙述本身设问，可以直接或间接找到答案，常以who，which，what，where等设问。【考查重点】(1)直接理解题(信息可在原文中直接找到答案)。(2)语意转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换)。【方法技巧】1．查读法(1)速读全文，掌握大意。(2)按文章体裁、作者组材方式寻找关键信息词。(3)找到细节，认真推敲，甚至计算等。2．按组材模式阅读(常见模式)(1)列举型：抓住作者所举事例。(2)时间、空间型：掌握具体的时间、地点。(3)分类、例证型：掌握例证的事实细节，以便得到答案。(4)程序型：理清说明事物的顺序，从而得出答案。(5)因果分析型：理清因果关系，从而推出答案。(6)比较、对比型：通过比较，对比事实细节，找到答案。[题型对点演练]Samuel Osmond is a 19yearold law student from Cornwall，England.He never studied the piano.However，he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them.He learns a piece of music by listening to it in parts.Then he thinks about the notes in his head.Two years ago，he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata (奏鸣曲) by Beethoven.He surprised everyone around him.Amazed that he remembered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly，his teachers say Samuel is unbelievable.They say his ability is very rare，but Samuel doesn't even realize that what he can do is special.Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents，but music teachers told him he should study music instead.Now，he studies law and music.Samuel can't understand why everyone is so surprised.“I grew up with music.My mother played the piano and my father played the guitar.About two years ago，I suddenly decided to start playing the piano，without being able to read music and without having any lessons.It comes easily to me—I hear the notes and can bear them in mind—each and every note”，says Samuel.Recently，Samuel performed a piece during a special event at his college.The piece had more than a thousand notes.The audience was impressed by his amazing performance.He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists can't play it.Samuel says confidently，“It's all about super memory—I guess I have that gift.”However，Samuel's ability to remember things doesn't stop with music.His family says that even when he was a young boy，Samuel heard someone read a story，and then he could retell the story word for word.Samuel is still only a teenager.He doesn't know what he wants to do in the future.For now，he is just happy to play beautiful music and continue his studies.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要讲述了英国19岁的音乐天才Samuel Osmond的故事。1．What is special about Samuel Osmond?A．He has a gift for writing music.B．He can write down the note he hears.C．He is a top student at the law school.D．He can play the musical piece he hears.D [细节理解题。根据第一段的“...he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them.”可知，Samuel Osmond的天赋在于他可以弹出他听到的音乐片段。故选D。]2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A．Samuel chose law against the wish of his parents.B．Samuel planned to be a lawyer rather than a musician.C．Samuel thinks of himself as a man of great musical ability.D．Samuel studies law and music on the advice of his teachers.B [推理判断题。根据第二段的“Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents...”可知，Samuel在父母的期待下打算成为律师，故选B。由“...but music teachers told him he should study music instead”可知，老师只是建议他学习音乐而放弃法律，故D项是错误的。]3．Everyone around Samuel was surprised because he ________．A．received a good early education in musicB．played the guitar and the piano perfectlyC．could play the piano without reading musicD．could play the guitar better than his fatherC [细节理解题。根据第三段的“Samuel can't understand why everyone is so surprised.”和“...without being able to read music and without having any lessons.It comes easily to me...”可知，他虽然没有接受过专业的音乐训练，但是他却能非常熟练地弹钢琴，大家都为此感到很惊讶。故选C。]4．What can we infer about Samuel in Paragraph 4?A．He became famous during a special event at his college.B．He is proud of his ability to remember things accurately.C．He plays the piano better than many professional pianists.D．He impressed the audience by playing all the musical pieces.B [推理判断题。根据第四段的“Samuel says confidently，‘It's all about super memory—I guess I have that gift.’”可知，Samuel对他超群的记忆力很自信，即很自豪。故选B。根据第四段的“He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists can't play it.”可知，他只是在一个较难的乐章方面超越了一些专业钢琴家，并不是总体上超越了他们，故C项犯了以偏概全的错误。]5．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A．The qualities of a musicianB．The story of a musical talentC．The importance of early educationD．The relationship between memory and musicB [标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了英国19岁的音乐天才Samuel Osmond的故事。故选B。]三、词义猜测题[学考真题链接](2021年1月广东省学业水平)Modern inventions have greatly increased people's love of speed. Motor cars cover a hundred miles in a little more than one hour, aircraft cross the world within a day，while computers operate at lightning speed. Indeed, this love of speed seems neverending. Every year we produce motor cars which go even faster and each new computer is said to save precious seconds in handling tasks.All this saves time，but at a price. When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the uncomfortable feeling known as jet lag(时差反应)：our bodies feel that they have been left behind in another time zone. Again, spending too much time in front of computers results in eye pain or finger pain.Mobile phones also have their dangers, according to some scientists. Too much use may do harm to our brains, a bad result we do not like to think about.What do we do with the time we have saved then? Certainly not relax. We are so used to constant(连续不断的) activities that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio，letting imagination take us into another world.Modern inventions have brought us great benefits, but at the same time, we have lost a lot of fun as human beings.There was a time when some people's lives were devoted simply to the farming of the land or the care of cattle. Their lives went on at a much slower speed, and in a familiar pattern. We might admire a way of life like this, yet such a lifestyle will be just a dream for us nowadays. Modern technology has changed everything.1．The underlined word “lightning” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________．A．fast B．unexpectedC．possible D．excitingA [词义猜测题。根据前面“汽车行驶100公里用一个多小时，飞机绕世界飞行用不到一天的时间”以及后面“事实上，我们对速度的热爱是永无止境的”可知，此处应是说计算机的运行速度快，故选A。]2．According to Paragraph 2，we save time at the price of our ________．A．happiness B．healthC．wealth D．safetyB [细节理解题。根据第二段“All this saves time，but at a price...uncomfortable feeling known as jet lag...results in eye pain and fingers pain...harm to our brains”等可知，所有这些节省的时间让我们付出了健康的代价。故选B。]3．According to the passage，modern inventions make life ________．A．happier and more relaxingB．faster and less enjoyableC．simpler and less comfortableD．slower and healthierB [细节理解题。根据最后一段“Modern inventions have brought us great benefits，but at the same time，we have lost a lot of fun as human beings.”可知，现代的发明给我们节省了很多时间，但同时也让我们的生活失去了许多乐趣，故答案选B。]4．The last paragraph suggests that ________．A．life in the future will be betterB．we should do more physical workC．we cannot enjoy modern lifeD．our life cannot be what it used to beD [推理判断题。根据最后一段“We might admire a way of life like this，yet such a lifestyle will be just a dream for us nowadays.”可知，我们或许会羡慕这样的生活模式(过去清闲和传统的生活模式)，然而对于现代的我们而言这样的生活模式只是一个梦想！故答案选D。]5．Which section of the newspaper is the passage probably from?A．Business. B．Education.C．Life. D．Sports.C [文章出处题。文章主要讲述了现代科技给人类生活带来省时高效的同时也使人类失去了过往生活的简单和安逸。故答案选C。][题型解法指导]【命题特点】利用上下文判断单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力。【考查重点】(1)生词的语境猜测。(2)词组及短语的指代。【设问方式】(1)The word “...”refers to... (2)The underlined phrase means... (3)By saying“...”we mean... (4)The expression“...”stands for...【方法技巧】(1)利用上下文，通过对应结构或平行结构中的同义词、反义词进行判断。(2)利用定语从句、同位语从句等进行判断。(3)根据关联词，如but，however，not only...but also等进行判断。(4)利用构词法进行判断。[题型对点演练]I still remember—my hands and my fingers still remember—what used to lie in store for us on our return to school from the holidays.The trees in the school yard would be in full leaf again and the old leaves would be lying around like a muddy sea of leaves.“Get that all swept up！”the headmaster would tell us.“I want the whole place cleaned up，at once！”There was enough work there，to last over a week.Especially since the only tools with which we were provided were our hands，our fingers，our nails.“Now see that it's done properly，and be quick about it，”the headmaster would say to the older pupils，“or you'll have to answer for it！”So at an order from the older boys we would all line up like peanuts about to cut and gather in crops.If the work was not going as quickly as the headmaster expected，the big boys，instead of giving us a helping hand，used to beat us with branches pulled from the trees.In order to avoid these blows，we used to bribe(贿赂) the older boys with the juicy cakes we used to bring for our midday meal.And if we happened to have any money on us，the coins changed hands at once.If we did not do this，if we were afraid of going home with an empty stomach or an empty purse，the blows were redoubled.They hit us so violently and with such evil enjoyment that even a deaf and dumb person would have realized that we were being whipped not so much to make us work harder，but rather to beat us into a state of obedience(服从) in which we would be only too glad to give up our food and money.Occasionally one of us，worn out by such calculated cruelty，would have the courage to complain to the headmaster.He would of course be very angry，but the punishment he gave the older boys was always very small—nothing compared to what they had done to us.And the fact was that however much we complained，our situation did not improve in the slightest.Perhaps we should have let our parents know what was going on，but somehow we never dreamed of doing so；I don't know whether it was loyalty or pride that kept us silent，but I can see now that we were foolish to keep quiet about it，for such beating is completely foreign to our nature.【语篇解读】 本文介绍作者过完假期返校后校长让孩子们清扫落叶的经历，为此作者受了不少苦，故记忆深刻。1．The statement “my hands and my fingers still remember” in Paragraph 1 means that “ ”．A．the author's hands were severely injured in the cleaning upB．the author seldom did such hard work as the cleaning upC．the author was bullied by the big boys in the cleaning upD．the author's hands were his only tool for the cleaningD [句意猜测题。作者一开始用了两个remember表明他对假期后返校要清扫落叶一事记忆深刻。第二段提到自己在为学校清扫落叶时没有别的工具，唯一的工具就是手，由此可推断“手和指尖都记得”是因为在大扫除中，作者的手作为唯一的清洁工具受了不少的罪，故选D。]2．The headmaster would tell the students to clean up the school yard at the beginning of the term because ________．A．he was too lazyB．there were many fallen leaves on the groundC．the school yard was covered with mudD．the students didn't finish their homeworkB [细节理解题。第一段最后一句提到假期后学校会堆满落叶，第二段校长发布学生大扫除的命令，两者之间的因果关系显而易见，因此本题应选B。]3．The headmaster asked the older boys to ________．A．beat those who worked slowlyB．treat the small boys as peanutsC．take charge of the process of the cleaningD．do the cleaning all by themselvesC [推理判断题。第二段最后一句，特别是其中的see，表明校长让大孩子们做大扫除的“监工”，负责带领其他孩子们把学校打扫干净。这也可以从该段最后一句的“or you'll have to answer for it！”(否则你们就要为此负责)可以看出答案。故选C。]4．According to Paragraph 3，if the author had any money on him，he most probably ________．A．gave it to the big boys so as to please themB．gave it as a bribe to the headmasterC．spent it all on his midday mealD．spent it buying midday meals for the big boysA [推理判断题。根据第三段第四句中的“the coins changed hands at once”可理解为“钱马上就会易主”，即到了大孩子们的口袋里。故答案为A。]5．When receiving complaints，the headmaster would deal with the big boys by means of ________．A．slight punishmentB．harsh criticismC．complete indifferenceD．good beatingA [细节理解题。根据题干中的complaints可定位到最后一段开头两句。该段第二句表明校长对大孩子的惩罚很轻微，因此本题应选A。]四、推理判断题[学考真题链接](2019年1月广东省学业水平)Nowadays，many of us spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronic devices and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors.The result is that our brain easily feels tired.We need to give the brain a rest，but how?David Strayer is a professor of psychology at the University of Utah.He claims that camping may be just what a techtired brain needs.His argument finds strong support from Carl and Kate，two experienced campers.Carl，who works for a mobile phone company，says that being outdoors makes him feel relaxed.It also prepares him for the work he must do.“Camping gives us a chance to be in touch with nature and it's very relaxing.When you return to work on Monday，you're in a better state of mind.I really like the way I feel on Monday.”Kate is a senior editor.She says camping brings her some peace she couldn't have otherwise.She even finds herself more creative. David Strayer explains that camping allows close contact with nature and being in nature calms the brain and helps it to focus.When people go camping，they need to learn about animals and natural environments; they have to deal with the weather，learn to stay dry in the rain or warm in the snow and have to keep the feet in good condition when hiking and walking.Some might say that taking a long walk in the woods or by the ocean or in a city park is wonderful，too.But camping requires that one spend more time in nature and it can test him in different ways.And it brings more health benefit as well.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。过度使用电子设备的后果是我们的大脑会感到疲劳。作者以卡尔和凯特为例展示了露营的好处。1．What is the result of using electronic devices too much?A．We will waste time.B．Our brain will feel tired.C．Our study will be influenced.D．Our brain will be refreshed.B [细节理解题。根据第一段中“The result is that our brain easily feels tired.”可知，过度使用电子设备的后果是我们的大脑会感到疲劳。故选B。]2．How does Carl feel after camping?A．Warm. B．Calm.C．Relaxed. D．Peaceful.C [细节理解题。根据第二段中“says that being outdoors makes him feel relaxed”可知，露营后卡尔感到放松。故选C。]3．Why does the author take Carl and Kate as examples?A．To share a good camping site.B．To share their work experiences.C．To show their interest in camping.D．To show advantages of camping.D [推理判断题。根据第二段中“He claims that camping may be just what a techtired brain needs.His argument finds strong support from Carl and Kate，two experienced campers.”可知，作者以卡尔和凯特为例主要是为了展示露营的好处。故选D。]4．Which of the following is the benefit of camping?A．It helps protect the environment.B．It helps us learn more about nature.C．It teaches us to keep warm in the rain.D．It teaches us to avoid difficult situations.B [细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“David Strayer explains that camping allows close contact with nature and being in nature calms the brain and helps it to focus.”可知，露营的好处是它帮助我们更多地了解自然。故选B。]5．What is the author's attitude towards camping?A．Positive. B．Negative.C．Uninterested. D．Doubtful.A [推理判断题。根据最后一段“Some might say that taking a long walk in the woods or by the ocean or in a city park is wonderful，too.But camping requires that one spend more time in nature and it can test him in different ways.And it brings more health benefit as well.”可知，作者对露营的态度是“积极的”。故选A。][题型解法指导]【命题特点】根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意。常用的词有infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。【考查重点】表层意思的理解与推理；深层含义的领悟与推理；同时涉及数据推断，知识推断，逻辑结论推断，表明作者态度、观点的推断等。【方法技巧】抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推断；整合全文(段)信息进行推断；根据上下文逻辑关系进行推理得出结论。[题型对点演练]I've spent over a year in India，and in those 365 plus days，I've learned a lot about getting around Indian cities.My biggest lessons have been learned through being cheated，particularly by taxi and rickshaw (火力车) drivers，but that doesn't mean those are bad ways to travel，as long as you know what you're doing.Below are the best ways to get around the city of Delhi，India，and tips for how to keep from being the victim of scams(欺诈)．Taking taxis is a great way to get around the city of Delhi and chances are，if you arrive in Delhi by plane，as soon as you make it through customs，you'll be swarmed by Indian taxi drivers.At the Delhi airport，be sure to arrange for a taxi to your hotel at one of the two Delhi Traffic Police Taxi Booths.One is inside the airport，and the other is outside.The key is to make sure to go to a booth run by the police，rather than by independent taxi drivers.Rickshaws are one of my favourite ways to get around Indian cities，in part because it's how the locals often travel.Autorickshaws are more common，but bicycle rickshaws are still used in Old Delhi.If you do have a chance to take a bicycle rickshaw，you should do it at least once for a unique experience that should only set you back about 15 rupees.Autorickshaw rates around Delhi range between 30 and 80 rupees，depending on the distance.If you really want to travel around Delhi like the locals，take a public bus.Indian buses become very crowded and most do not have air conditioning.They are，however，very cheap.A bus trip won't set you back any more than 15 rupees，as long as you stay within the city limits.Since Indian buses get so crowded，try to board the bus at the start of the route so you can get a seat.The train is a great way to get around within the city of Delhi.Fares are reasonable，between 6 and 22 rupees.All departure announcements are in both Hindi and English，and tokens can be purchased for between 6 and 22 rupees.【语篇解读】 本文作者给去印度德里旅行的游客就交通方面提出了几点建议。1．The author is trying to ________in Delhi through this text.A．give some advice of travellingB．expect us to travel aroundC．show his/her experiencesD．explain the difficulties of travellingA [推理判断题。通读全文，我们可以看出，作者在本文中给读者提出了一些建议，告诉读者在德里旅行时应注意的一些问题。因此，本文的写作目的也就是要给读者提出建议。]2．To avoid being cheated，you ought to ________ if you want to take a taxi at the Delhi airport.A．pay more to the drivers to keep safeB．show your ticket to the driverC．go to a policerun boothD．go out of the airportC [细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，在机场搭乘出租车时，应到警察经营的摊位。]3．The author suggests taking a rickshaw in order to ________．A．save some moneyB．enjoy the comfortable trip C．gain a unique experienceD．help the local rickshaw driversC [细节理解题。根据第三段的第三句可知，作者建议乘坐人力车以获得一种独特的体验。]4．What can we infer from the passage?A．You won't have to pay much if you travel around by bus in India.B．It will be difficult for you to get a seat if you get on the bus halfway.C．A rickshaw driver only charges whatever amount you give him.D．You'll have to speak English if you travel around in India.B [推理判断题。根据第四段的最后一句可知，为了上车后能有一个座位，作者建议最好从起点站上车。这就意味着如果中途上车的话，就很难有座位了。]5．Which may be the main topic of the text?A．Hotel recommendations in DelhiB．Weather conditions in DelhiC．Food and drink in DelhiD．Car rentals in DelhiD [主旨大意题。由本文第一段的最后一句可知，本文主要介绍了关于在德里交通方面避免受骗的几点建议。在给出的几个选项当中，只有D项与交通有关。据此，我们可以确定后面最有可能要讨论的是汽车租赁业务。]
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