【备战2023高考】英语全复习——专题23：句子翻译（下）-精讲精练（上海用）

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►专题23 句子翻译（下）+高考题型组合练
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考点精讲







【考情链接】
高考英语翻译（中译英）题要求考生能应用所学过的语法和词汇来准确地表达思想，是一种要求相当高的考查形式。要求考生把中文的句子译成通顺的、语法结构正确的、符合英语表达习惯的英语句子，并能准确地传达中文句子中的每一个信息。该题型全面地考查学生英语词汇、语法等知识的综合运用能力，它对学生的动词时态、语态、名词的单复数、冠词、形容词、副词、介词等应用能力，还对学生的词组、句型、句子结构等进行了全面考查。
1.高考评分标准:
（1）每题中单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误每两处扣一分；
（2）语法错误（包括时态错误）每处扣一分；
（3）译文没用所给的单词扣一分。
2．解题步骤：
（1）分析句子结构、寻找合适的句型
中文必须仔细读，一定要看的就是题目给我们的关键字。一般来说，中译英的句型可分为三大类：1.简单句；2.并列句；3.复合句；同时我们也要注意非谓语动词及其他一些特殊结构。回顾近几年的高考试题时，也不难发现试题中考了一些特殊句式。如：it句型、倒装句、with结构。　
（2）明确考核要点、选择词语搭配
在高考翻译题中，我们也不难发现，每一句常含有二、三个词语搭配，翻译时稍不注意就会失分。因此，在做每一道中译英题时，首先要确定句中几组(个)动词或动词词组，然后选定恰当的词语以及相应的搭配，尤其要注意括号内所给词语的准确运用。
（3）确定时态和语态、注意前后呼应
时态语态一直是英语考试中考查的重点。正确的思路应该是首先浏览全句中文，要能够做到根据句中的时间状语和字里行间所给出的提示来定位一个基本时态，即主句的动词时态，而其他动词必须与之呼应。
（4）了解文化差异、避免中式英语
注重中英文表述习惯的不同之处，克服母语造成的潜在障碍，翻译时，切忌将两种语言对等地进行交换，尤其是对成语、俗语的翻译，否则就贻笑大方了。成语如：固执己见、引人入胜、爱不释手、鼎力相助、三言两语等。
【要点梳理】
Ø 要点一：翻译题型的特点
1：一题多点，声东击西
纵观翻译考题会发现，每一题中都含有两三个词语和一两个句型，此为多点；有的句子，括号里给出的提示词并不复杂，真正的难点是另外的词或句型，可谓声东击西。
【例1】、是否在黄浦江上再建一座大桥，委员们意见不一。(agree)
【答案】The members of the committee can not agree on whether to build another bridge over/across the Huangpu River. 或：The committee cannot agree on whether another bridge should be built over/across the Huangpu River.
【解析】这句话的考核点为：
（1）agree 用法
（2）“委员们”如何表达
（3）“黄浦江上建桥”介词的选择
【例2】、这条铁路横贯平原，把那个偏远的山城与海港连接了起来。(remote)
【答案】The railway runs across the plain, joining the remote mountainous city to the sea port.
【解析】这句话的考核点为：
（1） 整个句中哪个动词为主要动词 “横贯”？“连接”？
（2） “横贯平原”
（3） “连接”
（4） “偏远山城”和“海港”

2：综合性强，突出动词运用
翻译涉及到的考核点有各种短语、各种从句以及名词、介词、代词、连词、形容词、副词、动词、被动句、非谓语、倒装和俗语成语等。
【例1】、据说在那个湖底发现了一个古城的遗址。（discover）
【答案】It is said that the site of an ancient city has been discover at the bottom of the lake.
【例2】、同其他学生相比，那个女孩有更强的英语听、说能力。（compare）
【答案】 Compared with other students, the girl has better listening and speaking abilities in English.
【例3】、这张照片使我想起了我们在夏令营里度过的日子。（remind）
【答案】The photo reminds me of the days we spent in the summer camp.
3：重点难点，反复考核
【例1】、据报道，1998年中国很多地区发生了严重的水灾。(occur)
【答案】It was reported that severe flooding occurred in many parts of China in 1998.
【解析】考核点为：
（1）“据报道”It was reported that…或According to the report
（2）“occur”作为不及物动词的用法
【例2】、我没有想到汤姆会被选为学生会主席。(occur)
【答案】It never occurred to me that Tom would be elected chairman of the Student’s Union.
【解析】考核点为：
（1）“occur”用法
（2）be made/elected chairman of…中冠词的用法
（3）“学生会”
“occur”在单独使用时解释为“发生、（情况等）出现”，但用于“sth occur to sb”时，解释为“某人想到……”这里值得注意的，英文中有些动词在某个特定的解释时，不可以用人称来做它的主语。
如：今天上班途中，我遇到了一件怪事。（happen）
A strange thing happened to me on my way to work this morning.
如翻译成I happened a strange thing on my way to work this morning.则是典型的错误。
【例3】、这本字典在所有的书店都买得到。（available）
【答案】 This dictionary is available in all the book stores.
【解析】：要译好本句我们必须注意两点：
（1）、available的本义是“可获得的”，但其词义并不固定，会随着上下文的变化而有所不同。
如：I’m sorry the doctor you are looking for is not available now. 此句中的available是“可找到，可见到”的意思。
（2）、原文中的“买得到”可理解为“有”或“可得到”。值得注意的是，本句中的动词是用英文的形容词来翻译的。又如下句中的动词也是用形容词翻译的。
“我们非常感谢老师为我们提供许多好书。”（grateful）
We are most grateful to our teacher for providing us with many good books.


4：中文地道，重在理解
最近高考中出现的像“三言两语”、“固执己见”、“坐失良机”、“横贯平原”、“引人入胜”、“爱不释手”、“欣喜若狂”、“鼎立相助”、“一事无成”、“刮目相看”、“有求必应”等，可谓都是地道的中文，初看给人一种高深莫测的感觉，但仔细想来，在理解的基础上，都是可以用学过的短语来翻译的。
如：
“三言两语”－－“很少的语言”in a few words
“固执己见”――“坚持自己的看法”stick to one’s opinion
“坐失良机”――“失去好机会”miss/loss the good/golden chance/opportunity
“横贯平原”――“穿过平原”cross/run across the plain
“引人入胜”――“非常吸引人”so attractive, so fascinating
“爱不释手”――“不忍心把它放在一边”can’t stand parting with it/leaving it aside
“欣喜若狂”――“高兴得不得了”be wild with joy/overjoyed
“鼎立相助”――“尽我所能地帮助你”make the greatest efforts /do our best/try every means possible to help you
“一事无成”――“什么事都不能被做成”nothing can be done/achieved
“刮目相看”――“用不同的眼光、态度看待别人”look at sb differently/with new eyes/regard sb in a totally different light
“有求必应”――“总是乐于帮助别人”be always ready to help

Ø 要点二：翻译的思路与技巧

1． 选定恰当的词语和短语
英语中，一个单词往往含有多个意思。同样中文中的一个词语译成英语，往往有几个类似或相近意义的词语可供选择。不同的词语在不同的语境和搭配中有其特定的含义，如何选择恰当的词语来准确的表达是翻译的关键所在。
例如：每当我看着这张照片，就使我想起三十年前在农村的生活。
这句话中，如给的提示词是remind, 可译成…reminded me of the life ….
如换成occur，则译成it occurred to me of the life…
如换成think of，则译成make me think of
在选用词语表达时，如有固定的词组或搭配，务必使用这些词组，而不能自以为是的生拼硬造的表达。

2． 句型的选择
同学们都有个问题，那就是看到中文句子，如何选择准确的句型进行翻译。一般来说句型可以分成三类：
并列句：用and, but, for, so, or 等连词连接两个句子； 复合句：用状语从句，名词性从句，定语从句等连接；
非谓语结构：动名词，分词，不定式等。
例1、这款手机式样新颖，携带方便，深受年轻人的欢迎。(popular)
S1: The mobile phone is fashionable/modern in style and convenient to carry, so it is very popular with young people.
S2: The mobile phone, which is fashionable/modern in style and convenient to carry, is very popular with young people.
S3: The mobile phone is very popular with youngsters for /because of its fashion in style and convenience to carry .
 例2、我坚持每天朗读，我知道练习得越多，进步就越大。(progress)
I keep reading aloud every day, for I know the more I practise, the more progress I will make.
从句在翻译中所占地比重仅次于短语，是翻译题的又一个重点。从句考核点中，状语从句、定语从句和宾语从句是考核重点。

3．掌握非谓语动词用法
非谓语的语法练习做了无数，同学在翻译的时候还是感到有些棘手。重点在于找出句中的主要动词和次要动词，然后相应的使用谓语动词和非谓语动词。
例1、这条铁路横贯平原，把那个偏远的山城与海港连接了起来。(remote)
The railway traversed the plain, connecting the remote mountain city to the seaport.
例2、 多吃蔬菜和水果有益健康。(good)
Eating more vegetables and fruits is good for your health
例3、勤洗手是避免疾病传染的有效办法之一。(infect)
Washing hands frequently is one of the effective ways to avoid the spread of diseases

4．记住常考句型
强调句型it is/was.......that.......
正是在那个我们去年参观的城市又发生了同样的惨剧。(It…that)
It is in the city that we visited last year that the same tragedy occurred.
This is the first/ second …time that , 这是第几次做…
这是我第一次爬这么高的山。
This is the first time that I have climbed such a high mountain.
The first time 引导的时间状语从句, 特征第一次…的时候。
Every time引导的时间状语从句, 特征每当…的时候
我第一次遇到他时，他还是个中学生。
The first time I met him， he was a middle school student.
每当我看到这照片, 就会思念他.
Every time I see the picture,Ｉwill think of him.
祈使句+ and/ or , 做…, 就…/否则就…
千万不要卷入到这件事中,否则你将自找麻烦。
Don’t get involved in the matter，or you will ask for trouble.
the more…, the more… ,越…越…
你服的药的效果越好,你就会越依赖它.
The more effective medicine you take, the more you will depend on it.
练习越难,对学生的好处就越小.
The more difficult exercises are，the less good they will do students.
so…that/ such…that 如此…以致
上海的变化如此之大,以至于像我这样的当地人夜会常迷路.
The changes in Shanghai are so great that local residents like me may often get lost.
It is said/reported/ found/believed/thought 据说/报道/发现/相信/认为
据报道, 每年有成千上万无辜的人被酒后开车的司机撞死.
It is reported that thousands of innocent people are killed by drunken drivers.
It is +adj/n/pp+(for …) +to do…/ that… 做…是…
说比作容易.
It is easier to say than to do.
真的人人愿意参加这活动吗?
Is it true that everyone is willing to take part in the activity?
It is no good/ use doing… 做…没好处
It is a waste of time doing…做…没用
抱怨是没有用的.
It is no use complaining.
make/find/think/ +it+adj/n/pp+for…+to do…/ that… 使得/认为做…是…
他认为帮助我是他责任.
He thinks it his duty to help me.
我明确表示我不同意这计划.
I have made it cleat I don’t agree to the proposal.
(There is) no doubt that…毫无疑问…
毫无疑问吸烟会导致疾病.
There is no doubt that smoking will cause diseases.
The chances are that…
It is likely that…
他有可能会被这所大学录取.
The chances are that he will be admitted into the university.
It is likely that he will be admitted into the university.
There is no need to do…没必要…
There is no point in doing… 做…是毫无意义的
帮助那些不帮助自己的人是毫无意义的.
There is no point in helping those who don’t help themselves.
It seems /appears that…/as if… 好像…, 似乎…
There seem to be…
这洗衣机好像有点问题.
There seems to be something wrong with the washing machine.
It happens that… 碰巧…
真巧, 负责这个工程的是我以前的学生.
It so happened that the man who was in charge of the construction was my former student.
It occurs to sb that… 想到..
我没有想到他会在考试中作弊.
It never occurred that he would cheated in the exam.
So/neither/nor....用于倒装句型
让我的父母非常满意的是，从这个公寓的餐厅可以看见街对面的世纪公园，从起居室也可以。(so)
To my parents' great satisfaction, the dining-room of the apartment enjoys a view of the Century Park across the street, and so does the living room.
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重点小练







高考英语真题--2017年1月春考
1. 你没有必要在乎他人对你的评论.（care）
2. 大量阅读书籍有助于我们成长。（expose）
3. 你的网站内容越实用，使用起来越方便，就越有可能成功。（the more…the more）
4. 正因为她按部就班地实现了每一个短期目标，才会在科学领域不断有所突破。（It） 
1. You don’t need to care about others’ comments on you.
2. Being much exposed to books is helpful to our growth.
3. The more practical and user-friendly your website is, the more likely it will succeed.
4. It was because she reached every short-term goal as planned /step by step that she kept breaking through in the field of science.
 
高考英语真题--2017年6月秋考
1. 李雷宁愿受罚也不说谎。（would rather）
2. 在投资项目的过程中出现了一些问题。（arise）
3. 在过去的三年中他一直致力于研究信息的传播速度和人们生活节奏之间的关系。（commit）
4. 有人声称这种减肥药丸效果显著，立竿见影，且对身体无害，但事实远非如此。（It） 
1.  LiLei would rather get/be punished than lie/tell a lie/lies.
2.  Some problems has arisen in the process of investment project.
3. During/Over/In the past three years, he has committed himself/has been committed to studying/researching the relationship between the spread speed of information and the rhythm/pace of people’s life.
In the past three years, he has been committed to/has committed himself to studying the relationship between the speed at which information spreads and people’s pace of life.
4.  It is claimed that this kind of diet pill produces an obvious and immediate effect and does no harm to humans, but it is far from the truth/fact.
 
2018年春季高考
1. 不要喝太多含糖饮料，否则会发胖。（or）
2. 在法庭上，他们坚称自己没有犯抢劫罪。（guilty）
3. 你是否同意，心情愉悦的时候，经常会有创意出现？（occur）
4. 当处理办公室矛盾的时候，专家建议人们多反思自己，多换位思考，以及和同事及时交流。（when it comes to）
1、 Don’t drink too much sugary drinks/sugared beverages, or you will be easy to gain weight.
2、 They insisted that they weren’t guilty of robbing/robbery in court.
3、 Do you agree (that) creativity always occurs when you are in a good mood?
4、 When it comes to office conflict/workplace conflicts/ conflicts in office, experts/specialists suggest one should reflect more on herself or himself, always put oneself in others’ shoes, and communicate with workmates in time.

2018年秋季高考
1. 她们中谁可能当过排球教练？(may)
2. 我看见他换上徒步鞋，向草坪走去。(head)
3. 妈妈将闹钟设为每六小时响一次，提醒自己该给宝宝量体温了。(reminder)
4. 在这个村落里，人们通常每餐只吃八分饱，但这种健康的饮食习惯最初是为了应对食物短缺的困境。(until)
1.Who may have been a volleyball coach among them?
May any of them have worked as a volleyball coach?
2.I saw him put on his hiking shoes and make for the lawn.
I saw him put on his hiking shoes, making for the lawn.
3.Mom sets the alarm clock ringing every six hours as a reminder to take her baby's temperature.
Mom sets the alarm clock for (once) every six hours as a reminder to take her baby's temperature.
Mom sets up an alarm clock which goes off every six hours as a reminder to take her baby's temperature.
4.People in the village often eat until they are 80% full/80 percent full, but this healthy eating habit was developed to deal with /address the poor/hard conditions/situation of food shortage in the first place?
In the village, people often eat until they are 80% full/80 percent full. However, this healthy eating habit was formed to deal with the dilemma of food shortage at first.
In the village, people often eat until they are 80% full, in which case, however, this healthy eating habit had been intended to cope with food shortage at first.

2019年春季高考
1.究竟是什么激发了小王学习电子工程的积极性？（motivate）
2.网上支付方便了客户，但是牺牲了他们的隐私。（at the cost of）
3.让我的父母非常满意的是，从这个公寓的餐厅可以俯视街对面的世纪公园，从起居室也可以。（so）
4.博物馆疏于管理，展品积灰，门厅冷落，急需改善。（whose）
72.What was it that motivated Xiao Wang to learn electronic engineering?
73.Online payment is convenient for users, but at the cost of their privacy.
Or Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy.
74.To my parents’ satisfaction, the dining room of this apartment overlooks the Century Park opposite the street and so does the living room. Or What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room.
75.The museum is neglected in management where the exhibits are dusty, whose hall is deserted and there is an urgent need for improvement. Or This museum is not well managed, whose exhibits are covered with dust, and there are few visitors, so everything is badly in need of improvement. Or The museum whose management is reckless, whose exhibits are piled with dust and whose lobby is deserted, requires immediate improvement.

2019年秋季高考
1.爷爷有点耳背，对他耐心一点。（patient）
2.和学生时代的他相比，那名士兵简直判若两人。（How）
3.随着体力逐渐恢复正常，那名业余自行车手的夺冠之梦不再遥不可及。（normal）
4.值得一提的是，在王老师的影响下，她的同事们更关注孩子们的努力，而不是他们的成绩。（as...as...）
72.Grandpa is sort of deaf,and be more patient with him.
73.How different a person the soldier now is from what he was at school!
74.As his physical strength returns to normal,the amateur cyclist’s dream of winning championship will not longer be beyond reach.
75.It’s worth mentioning that under the influence of Mrs.(Mr.) Wang,her colleagues don’t concern as more achievements as their efforts.(or What is worth mentioning is that under Mrs.(Mr.) Wang’s influence her colleagues lay not as much emphasis on their kids’ performance as on their effort.)
_____
好题必测





1．使他感到欣慰的是考试延期了。（relief）
【答案】To his relief, the examination was postponed.
【详解】
考查短语、时态和语态。to one’s relief令某人欣慰的是。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。主语the examination与postpone之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据句意，故翻译为To his relief, the examination was postponed.
2．你能流利地和母语是法语的人对话，这是真的吗？(it)
【答案】Is it true that you can speak fluently with people whose first language is French?
【详解】
考查名词，动词，代词，形容词，副词，介词，连词，短语和时态。表示“你”应用代词you；表示“能”应用情态动词can；表示“流利地”应用副词fluently；表示“母语”应用名词短语first language；表示“法语”应用名词French；表示“人”应用名词people；表示“和…对话”应用动词短语speak with；表示“这”应用所给代词it；表示“是”应用系动词be；表示“真的”应用形容词true。分析句子意思可知，句子要求用it，即做形式主语，所以表示“你能流利地和母语是法语的人对话”是真正的主语，要用主语从句的结构，句子基本成分完整，所以用连词that引导；表示“母语是法语的”是修饰“人”的，所以要写成定语从句的结构。这句话是现在的疑问，所以用一般现在时的一般疑问句结构。故翻译为Is it true that you can speak fluently with people whose first language is French?
3．我真正钦佩的是她承认健康不仅使我们更美丽，而且也更快乐的方式！（主语从句）
【答案】What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful, but happier, too！
【详解】
考查主语从句，时态，定语从句和宾语从句。根据句意可知主句时态是一般现在时，主语“我真正钦佩的”用what引导主语从句What I really admire，且在从句中作宾语；谓语动词用系动词is；表语是“方式”即the way；之后是定语从句修饰先行词the way，可以省略引导词，“她承认”说明时态是现在完成时，即 she has acknowledged；其后是that引导宾语从句，陈述事实用一般现在时，“健康不仅使我们更美丽，而且也更快乐”中主语用“good health”，谓语动词用第三人称单数“makes”（使得），宾语是“us”，用“not only...but （also）”句型连接并列的形容词比较级“more beautiful”和“happier”作宾语补足语，“也”应用副词too放在最后，即定语从句翻译为： she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful, but happier, too！故翻译为What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful, but happier, too！
4．（2022·上海市大同中学高三阶段练习）这本国际学术期刊用了整整一章来介绍他的研究发现。(devote)(
【答案】The international academic journal devoted a whole chapter to introduce his findings.
【详解】
考查句子结构。这是一个简单句，主语“这本国际学术期刊”表述为the international academic journal，所给单词devote有“将(文章或讲话的某一部分)专用(于)”的含义，用来表述谓语“用了”，根据句意可知时态为一般过去时，因而写为devoted，宾语“整整一章”表述为a whole chapter，目的状语“来介绍他的研究发现”用不定式表述为to introduce his findings。故整句可译为The international academic journal devoted a whole chapter to introduce his findings。
5．（2022·上海师大附中高三阶段练习）当被问及究竟是什么使她成为了专业的运动员和尖子生，她将秘密总结为“热情、专注和平衡”。（强调句）
【答案】When asked what exactly made her a professional athlete and top student, she summed up it was enthusiasm, concentration and balance that made her did it.
【详解】
考查强调句、从句、时态、短语及名词。根据句意可知 ，本句描述过去的内容，故用一般过去时。表示“当……时”用when引导时间状语从句；表示“被问及”用过去分词asked，表示被动；表示“专业的运动员和尖子生”用a professional athlete and top student；表示“什么使她成为了专业的运动员和尖子生”用宾语从句what exactly made her a professional athlete and top student；表示“究竟”用exactly；表示“总结”用summed up；表示“热情”用enthusiasm；表示“专注”用concentration；表示“平衡”用balance；根据提示，此句使用强调句it was enthusiasm, concentration and balance that made her did it。故答案为When asked what exactly made her a professional athlete and top student, she summed up it was enthusiasm, concentration and balance that made her did it.
6．（2022·上海市行知中学高三开学考试）让新任馆长欣慰的是，得益于针对性的举措，原本积灰的展品焕然一新，博物馆也恢复了往日的风采。(restore)
【答案】To the relief of the newly-appointed curator, benefiting from the targeted initiatives, the exhibits which were covered with dust are now taking a new look and museum also restore to what it used to be./ previous glory.
【详解】
考查名词、动词、介词、从句及短语。根据句意可知，此句描述一般事实，故用一般现在时。表示“让新任馆长欣慰的是”用To the relief of the newly-appointed curator；表示“得益于”用现在分词短语benefiting from，现在分词作原因状语；表示“针对性的举措”用the targeted initiatives；表示“展品”用the exhibits；表示“原本积灰”用一般过去时which were covered with dust，该定语从句修饰先行词the exhibits；表示“现在焕然一新”用are now taking a new look；表示“博物馆”用museum；表示“也”用also；表示“恢复”用restore to；表示“往日的风采”用what it used to be/ previous glory，what引导宾语从句，在从句中作表语。故答案为To the relief of the newly-appointed curator, benefiting from the targeted initiatives, the exhibits which were covered with dust are now taking a new look and museum also restore to what it used to be previous glory.
7．（2022·上海市实验学校高三开学考试）这位资深音乐人对二十世界八十年代的流行歌曲很熟悉，被人们称为流动的曲库。（So）
【答案】The senior musician is familiar with the pop songs of the 1980s, so he is called as a flowing musical library.
【详解】
考查状语从句、被动语态和短语。表示“熟悉”应用短语be familiar with；表示“被…称为”应用短语be called as，与主语he之间为被动关系；表示“流动的曲库”应用短语flowing musical library；句子时态为一般现在时，so是连词，用于表结果，意为“所以”。故翻译为The senior musician is familiar with the pop songs of the 1980s, so he is called as a flowing musical library.
8．沿外滩一路走来，你可以欣赏到从18世界到20世纪的各种不同风格的建筑。(range, v.)
【答案】Walking along the Bund, you can appreciate different styles of architecture, ranging from the 18th century to the 20th century.   
【详解】
考查非谓语动词作状语，非谓语动词作定语和固定短语结构。根据题目要求和句意分析可知，句子主干为“你可以欣赏到各种不同风格的建筑”，“欣赏”为appreciate或enjoy；不同风格的建筑为different styles of architecture。“从18世纪到20世纪”作后置定语修饰“建筑”，固定短语结构range from... to...或者range
between...and...，且range与“建筑”architecture之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式ranging from the 18th century to the 20th century。“沿外滩一路走来”为walk along the Bund，walk与逻辑主语“你”为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式walking along the Bund作状语。故答案为Walking along the Bund, you can appreciate different styles of architecture, ranging from the 18th century to the 20th century.    
9．最近几个月来，时令蔬菜大量上市，因其品种丰富、价格便宜，百姓的选择越来越多。(available)
【答案】In recent months, seasonal vegetables have been available on the market in large numbers, and people have more and more choices because of their variety and cheap prices.
【详解】
考查名词，动词，介词，形容词，连词，短语和时态。表示“最近几个月来”应用介词短语in recent months；表示“时令蔬菜”应用名词短语seasonal vegetables；表示“大量”应用介词短语in large numbers；表示“上市”应用所给形容词的短语available on the market；表示“因”应用介词短语because of；表示“品种丰富”应用名词variety；表示“价格便宜”应用名词短语cheap price的复数形式，表示泛指很多价格；表示“百姓”应用名词people；表示“选择越来越多”应用动词短语have more and more choices。句子有时间状语 “最近几个月来”，所以句子谓语用现在完成时，主语是“时令蔬菜”，指很多，是复数意义，所以助动词用have。故翻译为In recent months, seasonal vegetables have been available on the market in large numbers, and people have more and more choices because of their variety and cheap prices。
10．这部电影制作成本低，既无大牌明星出镜，也无复杂的故事情节，但主人公对故乡深深的依恋之情令观众动容。
【答案】Although this was a low-cost film, with neither famous stars (in it) nor complicated plot, the audience was greatly moved by the deep love of the main character to his hometown.
【详解】
考查连词、形容词、名词、动词短语、介词短语和让步状语从句。结合句意，分析句子可知，全句讲述过去的事情，用一般过去式；“这部电影制作成本低，既无大牌明星出镜，也无复杂的故事情节”可处理为让步状语从句，用从属连词although引导，其中“这部电影制作成本低”译为this was a low-cost film，“既无大牌明星出镜，也无复杂的故事情节”可处理为with介词短语作定语，“既无……也无……”用连词neithe...nor...表示，“大牌明星出镜”用famous stars (in it)表示，“复杂的故事情节”用complicated plot表示，从句译为：although this was a low-cost film, with neither famous stars (in it) nor complicated plot；“但主人公对故乡深深的依恋之情令观众动容”是主句，“……令观众动容”可处理被动语态，用the audience作主语，译为the audience was greatly moved by...，“主人公对故乡深深的依恋之情”作宾语，用the deep love of the main character to his hometown表示，主句译为：the audience was greatly moved by the deep love of the main character to his hometown；综上，全句译为：Although this was a low-cost film, with neither famous stars (in it) nor complicated plot, the audience was greatly moved by the deep love of the main character to his hometown.
_____
高考题型组合练

Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Cowboy or spaceman ? A dilemma for a children’s party, perhaps. But also a question for economists, argued Kenneth Boulding, in an essay published in 1966. we have run our___41___, he warned like cowboys on the open grassland: taking and using the world’s resources, ___42___ that more lies over the horizon. But the Earth is ___43___ a grassland than a spaceship---a closed system, along in space, carrying exhaustible supplies. We need, said Boulding, an economics that takes seriously the idea of environmental___44___. In the half century since his essay, a new movement has responded to his challenge. “Ecological economists,” as they call themselves, want to___45___its aims and assumptions. What do they say---and will their ideas take off?
To its___46___, ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics, but a mix of both. Their starting point is to recognize that the human economy is part of the natural world. Our environment, they note, is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes. But it is___47___ in traditional textbooks, where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms, households and the government as though nature dis not exist. That is a huge mistake.
There are two ways our economies can grow, ecological economists point out: through technological change, or through maximum use of resources. Only the___48___, they say, is worth having. They are suspicious of GDP(gross domestic product), a simple___49___ which does not take into account resource exhaustion, unpaid work and countless other factors.___50___, they advocate more holistic approaches, such as GPI(genuine progress indicator)，a composite(复合的) index that include things like the cost of pollution, deforestation and car accidents. While GDP has kept growing, global GPI per person___51___in 1978: by destroying our environment, we are making ourselves poorer nor richer. The solution, according to experts, lies in a ”steady-state” economy, where the use of materials and energy is held___52___.
Mainstream economists are not___53___. GDI, they point out, is a subjective standard. And talk of limits to growth has had a bad press since the days of Thomas Malthus, who predicted in the 18th century, wrongly, that overpopulation would lead to famine. Human beings find solutions to some of the most annoying problems. But ecological economists___54___ self-satisfaction. In 2009, a paper in Nature argued that human activity is already___55___safe planetary boundaries on issues such as biodiversity and climate change. That suggests ecologist economists are at least asking some important questions, even if their answers turn out to be wrong.
41. A. grasslands B. nations C. economies D. spaceships
42. A. ignorant B. confident C. astonished D. anxious
43. A. less B. smaller C. more D. larger
44. A. movements B. influences C. limits D. threats
45. A. reject B. realize C. resemble D. revolutionize
46. A. challengers B. learners C. advocates D. professors
47. A. addressed B. ignored C. opposed D. reflected
48. A. advanced B. former C. latter D. scientific
49. A. number B. product C. idea D. measure
50. A. In addition B. For example C. In other words D. In its place
51. A. peaked B. plunged C. persisted D. paused
52. A. sufficient B. efficient C. constant D. adequate
53. A. impressed B. involved C. concerned D. appointed
54. A. call for B. contribute to C. warn against D. refer to
55. A. setting B. overstepping C. extending D. redrawing
【答案】41-55 CBACD CBBDD ACACB
【解析】
41．A. grasslands 草地 B. nations国家 C. economies 经济 D. spaceships宇宙飞船。根据上文“But also a question for economists,”可知，我们像牛仔一样运营我们的经济。economy经济。故选C。
42．A.ignorant 无知的 B.confident 自信的 C. astonished 震惊的 D. anxious 焦虑的。根据上文“like cowboys on the open grassland: taking and using the world’s resources,”可知，我们很自信地球上还有很多资源。confident自信的。故选B。
43．A. Less 更少 B. smaller 更小C. more 更多 D. larger 更大。句意：但是与其说地球是一块草地，不如说是一个宇宙飞船。less更少的。故选A。
44．A. Movements 活动 B. influences影响 C. limits 限制D. threats威胁。句意：我们需要一种经济认真对待环境危险问题。threats威胁。故选C。
45．A. reject 拒绝B. realize 意识到 C. resemble类似；像 D. revolutionize 发动革命。句意：生态经济学家想要彻底改革它的目标和假设。revolutionize彻底改革。故选D。
46．A. Challengers挑战者 B. learners学习者 C. advocates 拥护者 提倡者 D. professors教授。句意：对于它的提倡者，生态经济即不是生态也不是经济，而是二者的结合。advocates提倡者。故选C。
47．A. Addressed 演说 从事 忙于B. ignored忽视 C. opposed反对D. reflected 拒绝。根据下文“where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms, households and the government as though nature did not exist.”可知，但是它在传统的课本中被忽视了。ignored不顾。故选B。
48．A. advanced先进的B. former前者的 C. latter后者对 D. scientific科学的。根据上文“through technological change, or through maximum use of resources.”可知，只有前者可以有。former之前的。 故选B。
49．A. number数量B. product产品C. idea想法 D. measure 措施。根据上文“They are suspicious of GDP(gross domestic product),”可知，GDP是不考虑资源消耗，无偿工作，和其它很多因素的测量方法。measure衡量。故选D。
50．A. In addition 除此之外B. For example例如C. In other words换句话说 D. In its place在其位。根据下文“they advocate more holistic approaches,”可知，为了期待它，他们提倡更整体的方法。In its place取代它。故选D。
51．A. Peaked 使达到最高点B. plunged跳入；跳进 C. persisted 坚持 D. paused暂停。句意：在1978年，人均GDP达到顶点。peak达到高峰。故选A。
52．A. Sufficient足够的 充分的 B. efficient有效的 C. constant 不断的D. adequate 适当的。句意：根据专家所说，解决方法在于“稳定状态的”经济，这里材料和能源的使用保持持续状态。constant连续的，不断的。故选C。
53．A. impressed 印象深刻的 B. involved有关的 C. concerned 关心的 D. appointed约定的 指定的。根据下文“GPI, they point out , is a subjective standard.”可知，主流经济学家对此印象不深刻。impressed印象深刻的。故选A。
54．A. call for要求提倡B. contribute to有助于 C. warn against警告D. refer to参考；涉及。句意：但是，生态经济学家告诫当心自我满足。warn against告诫，当心，提防。故选C。
55．A. setting 放置 设置 B. overstepping踏过；逾越 C. extending扩展；伸长 D. redrawing重画；重拉伸。
句意：自然杂志的一篇文章认为人类的活动已经超越了安全的界限。overstepping踏过，逾越。故选B。

Section B
Regardless of how famous they are, and despite the star treatment they receive, many celebrities make it a point to give back to charities. Some have even set up their own private foundations. Their widely publicised visits to troubled areas of the world help to raise awareness of issues such as famine and poverty. According to Jane Cooper of Unicef UK, celebrities have a unique ability to reach huge numbers of people, many of whom might not otherwise be engaged in charitable causes. She pointed out that famous faces had played a significant role in raising funds in recent years, and their energies had produced tangible results, such as enabling millions of children in poorer countries to attend school.
But in spite of these successes there is evidence to suggest that celebrity endorsement (代言) may be overrated. In a survey of members of the public to find out if celebrity involvement would encourage people to donate, researchers found that the impact was not as great as previously thought. When shown a list of well-known organization and famous people who represent them, over half of respondents were unable to match the celebrity with the cause. What’s more, three quarters claimed that they didn’t respond to celebrity endorsement in any way. The survey also showed that a few names did stand out as being associated with particular charities. But the presence of a celebrity in a campaign, was not a significant factor when it came to a decision to donate time or money. Instead, the majority of people contribute because of personal connections in their lives and families which make a charity important to them.
In another study aimed at young people, most participants cited a compelling (无法抗拒的) mission as their main motivation to give. The second most important incentive was if a friend or peer recommended supporting a particular cause. Only two percent of respondents said they were motivated by celebrity endorsement. This seems to contradict the general assumption that teenagers are particularly influenced by famous people. One possible explanation is that there is a general fatigue (疲倦) with celebrity culture. There is also a suspicion that the stars are the one who benefit most when they offer to do charity work. Some critics have accused that celebrities might actually take attention away from issues by attracting more attention than the causes they represent.
So taking all these issues into account, is it time for charities to rethink their campaign strategies and look for alternative ways to reach new audiences? Whichever point of view you favour, there seems to be opportunities for more research into how charity campaigns might develop relationships with celebrities to maximise their potential. This in turn will open up more engagement, and better targeted campaigns-which can only benefit those who really matter — the people and animals that are in need of assistance.
5．What does the underlined word “tangible” in paragraph I probably mean?
A．Definite. B．Complicated. C．Limited. D．Temporary.
6．According to the passage, most people contribute to charities because ________.
A．they gain benefit from the charities
B．they are forced to finish a necessary task
C．they believe in the famous people they like
D．they are inspired by the people around them
7．The third paragraph is mainly about ________.
A．what celebrities achieve in doing charities
B．How young people react to celebrity culture
C．why young people are hardly influenced by celebrities
D．who is to blame for taking attention away from charities
8．What is the author's attitude towards celebrity doing charities?
A．Objective. B．Positive.
C．Negative. D．Unclear.
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要分析了名人做慈善的利与弊。
5．A【解析】词句猜测题。第一段划线词所在句“She pointed out that famous faces had played a significant role in raising funds in recent years, and their energies had produced tangible results, such as enabling millions of children in poorer countries to attend school.(她指出，名人近年来在筹集资金方面发挥了重要作用，他们的精力产生了切实的成果，比如让贫困国家的数百万儿童上学)”中的“such as enabling millions of children in poorer countries to attend school”部分表明，名人们在慈善方面的努力取得了实在的成果，所以可以推测tangible意为“切实的，实在的”。A. Definite.确切的；B. Complicated.复杂的；C. Limited.有限的；D. Temporary.暂时的。所以A选项和划线词词义最接近，B、C、D都不符合。故选A项。
6．D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Instead, the majority of people contribute because of personal connections in their lives and families which make a charity important to them.(相反，大多数人捐款是因为他们生活和家庭中的私人关系，这使得慈善对他们很重要)”可知，大多数人向慈善机构捐款是因为他们受到周围人的鼓舞。故选D项。
7．C【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Only two per cent of respondents said they were motivated by celebrity endorsement. This seems to contradict the general assumption that teenagers are particularly influenced by famous people.(只有2%的受访者说他们受到名人代言的激励。这似乎与一般的假设相矛盾，即青少年特别容易受到名人的影响)”可知，与一般的假设相反的是，青年人几乎不会受到名人的影响，余下内容“One possible explanation is that…There is also a suspicion that…Some critics have accused that…”则主要讲述了原因，所以第三段主要讲述青少年几乎不受名人影响的原因。故选C项。
8．A【解析】推理判断题。文章前面主要讲述了名人做慈善带来的切实的成果以及被夸大的现象，最后一段“So taking all these issues into account, is it time for charities to rethink their campaign strategies and look for alternative ways to reach new audiences?... This in turn will open up more engagement, and better targeted campaigns-which can only benefit those who really matter — the people and animals that are in need of assistance.(因此，考虑到所有这些问题，慈善机构是否应该重新考虑他们的竞选策略，寻找其他途径来接触新的受众？……这反过来又会促进更多的参与和更有针对性的运动——这只会让真正重要的人受益——那些需要援助的人和动物)”提出慈善机构应该多方考虑，最终目的是使得真正需要的人或动物受益。所以作者是以客观的态度来分析名人做慈善这件事。A. Objective.客观的；B. Positive.积极的；C. Negative.消极的；D. Unclear.不清楚的。故选A项。

Section C
Could goats become our new best friends?
In a new paper in the journal Biology Letters, researchers from QMUL's School of Biological and Chemical Sciences found that goats respond to people by gazing at them when facing a problem they cannot solve alone, and their responses change depending on the person's behaviour.
To investigate, the team trained goats to remove a lid from a box to receive a reward. They made the reward inaccessible and recorded their reaction. In the test, the goats redirected their gaze frequently between the inaccessible reward and human experimenters. They also gazed towards a forward facing person earlier, more often and for longer compared to when the person was facing away.
The results provide strong evidence for complex communication between humans and goats, which were domesticated primarily for agricultural production, and show similarities with animals bred to become pets or working animals, such as dogs and horses.
The research indicates that the domestication of animals has a much broader impact on our knowledge about human-animal relationship than previously believed. For example, it's thought that the capacity of dogs to be aware of information from humans is the result of changes to the brain from becoming a companion animal through domestication.
“Goats were the first livestock species to be domesticated, about 10,000 years ago,” said lead author Dr Alan McElligott from the School's Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology.
From our research, we know that many domesticated animals for agricultural production are smarter than their reputation suggests, and these results show how they can communicate and interact with their human handlers just as pets or working animals.
The researchers hope the study will lead to a better understanding of how skilled livestock are in their ability to solve problems and interact with humans. They also wish that an improvement in animal welfare would be reached ultimately.

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【答案】Scientists find that goats, first domesticated for agricultural production, have the capacity to communicate with people like other pets or working animals. The study helps better know about human-animal relationships. And the researchers hope for a better understanding of livestock species' talent in settling problems and in the interaction with humans. They also wish for a final improvement in animal welfare.
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，科学家发现，山羊最初是为了农业生产而被驯养的，它有像其他宠物或工作动物一样与人交流的能力。这项研究有助于更好地了解人类与动物的关系。研究人员希望更好地了解牲畜物种在解决问题和与人类互动方面的才能。他们还希望动物福利最终得到改善。
【详解】要点摘录
①The results provide strong evidence for complex communication between humans and goats, which were domesticated primarily for agricultural production, and show similarities with animals bred to become pets or working animals, such as dogs and horses.
②The research indicates that the domestication of animals has a much broader impact on our knowledge about human-animal relationship than previously believed.
③The researchers hope the study will lead to a better understanding of how skilled livestock are in their ability to solve problems and interact with humans.
④They also wish that an improvement in animal welfare would be reached ultimately.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Scientists find that goats, first domesticated for agricultural production, have the capacity to communicate with people like other pets or working animals.
The study helps better know about human-animal relationships.
And the researchers hope for a better understanding of livestock species' talent in settling problems and in the interaction with humans.
They also wish for a final improvement in animal welfare.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Scientists find that goats, first domesticated for agricultural production, have the capacity to communicate with people like other pets or working animals.运用that引导宾语从句对原文第四段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] And the researchers hope for a better understanding of livestock species' talent in settling problems and in the interaction with humans.运用了动名词作宾语对最后一段进行了概括。