1.14 状语从句(含PPT)-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力双清(通用版)

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状语从句重难知识点复习
定义： 在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。
准确掌握每一个连词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。
使用时，随时要注意主从句的时态呼应。
状语一般分为九大类
时间状语 条件状语 地点状语 让步状语 原因状语 目的状语 结果状语 方式状语 比较状语
什么能做状语？
1 副词2 介词短语 ：he traveled in Africa for six weeks.3 形容词: my uncle stood there, died. he finally came back, tired and cold.4 with复合结构: with a lot of work to do, I think I have no time to accompany you.5 独立主格结构: he lay on his bed, his hands under his head.6 非谓语动词：to do doing / having done done7 状语从句
考点1　让步状语从句　★★★★★(1)though/although: 在句子中一般用了“虽然(though/although)”就不能再用“但是(but)”, 但可以与yet或still连用; though与although意义相同, 用法基本一样, 前者通俗, 口语化, 后者正式, 多放在主句的前面。
*Frank insisted that he was not asleep although I had great difficulty in waking him up. 尽管我费了好大劲才叫醒弗兰克, 但是他坚持说没有睡着。
(2)even if和even though的意思为“即使, 纵使”, 有退一步设想的意味, 多用于书面语中。*Even if the connections were visible, they would remain beyond the understanding of most people. 即便这些联系是可见的, 但它们对大多数人来说还是无法理解的。
(3)as引导的让步状语从句多用于书面语, 从句常放在句首, 语序部分倒装。被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形。若表语是单数可数名词, 则该名词提前时, 省去其前的冠词。*Tired as they were, they walked on without any rest. 尽管他们很累, 他们没有休息就继续走了。
(4)no matter(who, what, when, where, which, how. . . ): no matter. . . 与wh-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一样, no matter. . . 引导的从句可位于主句前或主句后。
*No matter how dry a desert may be, it is not necessarily lifeless. 不管沙漠里可能是多么干燥, 它也并不一定是没有生命存在的。
(5)wh-ever(whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/ whichever); however。①wh-ever从句中的动词有时可以和may连用; ②wh-ever可引导让步状语从句也可引导名词性从句, no matter. . . 只能引导让步状语从句。
*To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off whoever we are to shake hands with. 不论我们和谁握手, 为了表示尊敬, 我们通常要摘掉手套。
(6)while也可以引导让步状语从句, 意为“尽管”, 一般放在句首。*While volleyball is her main focus, she’s also good at basketball. 尽管排球是她主要的项目, 她也很擅长篮球。
考点2　时间状语从句　★★★★(1)when指的是“某一具体的时间”, 从句中谓语是延续性动词或非延续性动词。*When we handed him the bag of food, he lit up and thanked us with watery eyes. 当我们递给他那包食物时, 他高兴起来并眼泪汪汪地向我们致谢。
(2)whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。*You can ask for help whenever you need it. 你如果需要帮助请随时提出来。
(3)while指“在某一段时间里”, “在……期间”, while引导的动作必须是持续性的。*While he was watching Nirvana in Fire, his deskmate learned all the new words by heart. 在他看《琅琊榜》的时候, 他同桌默记了所有的生词。
(4)as(一边……一边)引导持续性动作, 强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。*He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 他急忙赶回家, 边走边回头看。
(5)before意为“在……之前, 在……之后才, 不等……就”。*The girl had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. 这个女孩还没来得及按门铃, 门就突然打开了。她的朋友跑出来迎接她。
(6)after意为“在……之后”。*Several years after they’d split up they met again by chance in Beijing. 他们分手几年以后在北京又偶然相遇。
(7)till/until: 如果主句动词是延续性动词, 常用肯定式, 表示“直到……为止”; 如果主句动词是瞬间性动词, 要用否定式, 表示“直到……才”“在……以前不”, 从句放在句首表示强调, 一般用until。*I enjoyed the long summer evenings until school began in the fall. 我享受着长长的夏夜直到秋季学校开学。
(8)since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时, 谓语通常是短暂性动词, 主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。*I have been teaching here since I left college. 自从我大学毕业后, 我就一直在此教学。
(9)as soon as/hardly. . . when/no sooner. . . than/the moment/the instant/the second/immediately/directly/instantly: hardly. . . when和no sooner. . . than的意义相当于as soon as, 但只表示过去发生的事情, 主句为过去完成时, 从句为过去时, 如hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强, 而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。
*He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. 他一完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来了。
(10)every time/each time/last time/next time/by the time: 在时间状语从句中, 不能用一般将来时或过去将来时, 而要用一般现在时或一般过去时代替将来时。*Next time you come here, I will tell you. 下次你来这里, 我会告诉你的。
【点津】时间状语从句的3个重点句型(1)It will be. . . before. . . 过多久才……*It will be long before they come back. 他们很久才能回来。
(2)It won’t be. . . before. . . 不久就……*John thinks it won’t be long before he is ready for his new job. 约翰觉得不会过很久他就能为新工作作好准备。
(3)It is/has been. . . since. . . 自从……以来……时间注意: since引导的从句如果用瞬间性动词, 表示的时间是从谓语动作算起; 如果用延续性动词表示的时间是从动作或状态的结束算起。*It has been a decade since he joined the club. 他加入这个俱乐部已10年了。(从加入俱乐部后算起)
*It is two years and a half since he was an ambassador to France. 他不担任驻法大使已两年半了。(从不再担任驻法大使算起)
【微练】用适当的连词填空1. ___ more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. 2. ______ I was a child, my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that, if I wanted something, I should save money to buy it.
As
When
3. Stare at him _____he gets aware of it and quiets down. 4. They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, ________ difficulty they might have.
until
whatever
考点3　地点状语从句和条件状语从句　★★★1. 地点状语从句常考查: (1)where与wherever意义基本相同, 但后者语气较强, 多用于书面语。
*Today, we will begin where we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. 今天, 为了不遗漏要点, 我们从昨天结束的地方开始。
(2)地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。*Where there’s a will, there’s a way. 有志者事竟成。
【点津】where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别where引导地点状语从句直接修饰主句的谓语动词, 而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面, 即此时有明显的地点名词。
*When solving the problem a second time, you’d better be more careful where you made a mistake. =When solving the problem a second time, you’d better be more careful in the place where you made a mistake. 当你第二次解决这个问题的时候, 你最好在出过差错的地方更加小心。
2. 条件状语从句常用引导词: if/unless/as long as/so long as/in case/so far as/as far as。(1)unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式; unless和if. . . not同义, unless是书面语, if. . . not是口语, 二者通常可以换用。
*The little boy won’t go to sleep unless his mother tells him a story. 除非他的妈妈给他讲故事, 否则这个小男孩是不会睡觉的。
(2)条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。*So long as you work hard, you will succeed. 只要努力工作, 你就会成功。
【例析】用适当的连词填空Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi_______the bus had dropped her.
解题关键: 把握所填空前后的关系, 从couldn’t get a taxi与the bus had dropped her的逻辑关系上看应表示地点。答案判定: where
【微练】用适当的连词填空1. __ you don’t mind, I’ll stop and take a deep breath. 2.I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise ______ I am sitting.
If
where
考点4　其他状语从句　★★1. 目的状语从句。(1)so that/in order that引导的目的状语从句中需用情态动词can, could等。*The police officers in our city work hard in order that the rest of us can live a safe life.
(2)in order that引导的从句可位于主句之前或之后, so that引导的从句只能位于主句之后。(3)for fear that(唯恐, 以防)与in case所引导的目的状语从句中, 谓语动词有时也用should/might/could+动词原形。*The boy hid himself behind the tree for fear that his father might see him.
【点津】in case当“万一, 如果”讲时, 引导条件状语从句。*In case that he leaves, please inform me.
(4)目的状语从句可以用so as to, in order to等代替, 但主句和从句的主语必须一致。*He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus. =He got up early so as to/in order to catch the early bus.
2. 结果状语从句。(1)so that前有逗号, 引导结果状语从句。*We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news. (2)so. . . that中so后面跟形容词或副词。*He was so excited that he couldn’t say a word.
(3)such. . . that中such后面跟名词, 如果名词是单数就要用such a/an. . . that, 还可以转换用so. . . that, 语气较强。*Jack is so honest a worker that we all believe him. =Jack is such an honest worker that we all believe him.
3. 原因状语从句。(1)because用来回答why的提问, 语气最强, 一般放在主句之后。*The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.
(2)since表示既然或已知的理由, 稍加分析即可表明的原因, 多放在句首。*Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.
(3)as引导的从句常放在句首, 说明次要的原因, 主句说明结果, 常用于口语中(注意比较: for连接的是并列句)。*As he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary.
(4)considering that, seeing that, now that和since意义相似, 都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思, that可以省去。*He finished his task very well, considering that it was quite different.
4. 方式状语从句。(1)as引导状语从句, 意为“按照”。*Do as you are told to.
(2)as if或as though的意义和用法基本一样; 从句中可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实, 也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实相反。*Jack wasn’t saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done something very clever.
5. 比较状语从句。(1)as. . . as; not so/as. . . as; the same. . . as表示同程度级的比较, 肯定句用as. . . as, 否定句可用not as. . . as或not so. . . as。*He doesn’t run so/as fast as Jack(does).
(2)than表示不同程度的比较, 主句中用形容词或副词的比较级。*He runs less fast than me.
【微练】用适当的连词填空1. The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home ____I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. 2._____this student worked so hard on the posters, she deserves a prize, too.
that
Since
3. He withdrew from many school activities _______he didn’t have the time or the clothes.
because