一般现在式 讲义&习题
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讲义编号: ****** 年 级:初一 课时数:3 学员姓名: 辅导科目:英语 学科教师:闫翔宇 | ||
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一般现在式定义,句型结构,时间标志词
动词三单变化:什么是第三人称单数 变化规则
句型转换
考点一:经常性习惯性的动作或特征状态(表达事实)
例句:My grandmother gets up at six every day.
我奶奶每天六点起床。
I am a student. 我是一个学生。
The sea is blue. 海是蓝色的。
句子构成:(1)主语+be动词(am, is, are)+其它 e.g. I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。
(2)主语+实义(行为)动词(do+does)+其它。e.g. We study maths every day.我们每天学习数学
注意:当主语为第三人称单数(he/she/it)时,要在动词后加s或es. e.g. He likes English.
考点二:表示普遍事实,客观真理,名言名句
例句:The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
考点三: 时间标志词
频度副词:always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every+时间(如every day, every year),
次数+时间段(如once a week, three times a month), in the morning/afternoon/evening等。
e.g. We often play basketball after school.
考点三: 动词三单变化
口诀:主语不是you 不是I 的单数。主语能用He/she/it 代替
条件① 第三人称
条件② 单数
动词第三人称单数变化规则
- 一般情况下,直接在动词后面加-s,如run-runs, get-gets, like-likes等;
- 以-s, -x, -sh, -ch, -o结尾的动词,在动词后面加-es,如watch-watches, go-goes, wash-washes, cross-crosses等;
- 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,要变y为i加-es,如study-studies, carry-carries等;
注意:元音字母+y结尾的动词,直接加-s,如play-plays等;
分类 | 例子 |
多数在动词后加s | work — like — |
以s,x,sh,ch结尾的动词加es | go — wash — |
字母+y结尾: 以辅音字母加y结尾,把y改i (变); 以元音字母加y结尾,直接加s (不变) | fly — study— play — |
特殊 | have — be— |
答案:works, likes, goes, washes, flies, studies, plays, has, is
考点三: 句型转换
一般现在时的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句
句子结构:
1.否定句:
(1)主语+be(am,is,are)+not+其他
He is not a teacher. 他不是老师。
(2)主语+don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其他) 需要借助助动词
I don't like fast food. 我不喜欢快餐。
He doesn't go to school on the weekend. 他周末不上学。
2.一般疑问句:动词提前
(1)Be(Is/Are)+主语+其他?
Are you a teacher? 你是老师吗?
Yes,I am. /No,I am not.
是的,我是。/不,我不是。
(2)Do/Does +主语+动词原形+其他?
Do you often play football?
你经常踢足球吗?
Yes,I do. /No,I don't.
是的,我经常踢。/不,我不经常踢。
Does she go to school by bike?
她骑自行车上学吗?
Yes,she does. /No,she doesn't.
是的,她是。/不,她不是。
3.特殊疑问句:
疑问词+一般疑问句?
Where are my shoes?我的鞋子在哪里?
How do you go to school? 你怎样去上学?
三单变化
用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________ (have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______ (be) in Class One.
3. We _______ (not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______ (not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________ (like) the World Cup?
答案:1. has 2. are 3. don’t watch 4. doesn’t go 5. Do, like
句型转换
- They go to school by bike every day.
否定句:They don’t go to school by bike every day.
一般疑问句:Do they go to school by bike every day?
回答:Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.
- My father often gets up at five.
否定句:My father doesn't often get up at five.
一般疑问句:Does my father often get up at five?
回答:Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
注意:
① 肯定句中some或some-的不定代词,转化为否定句或疑问句时用any或any-的不定代词代替。
② 陈述句中第一人称的代词,在疑问句中转化为第二人称的代词。
③ 肯定句中表示“也”too,在否定句中用either代替。
一般现在时习题:
一、写出下列动词的三单形式
do
buy
walk
go
watch
study
play
have
fly
like
finish
guess
teach
work
wash
mix
take
cross
ride
cry
catch
stay
lie
brush
say
see
wear
答案:
does, buys, walks, goes, watches, studies, plays, has, flies,
likes, finishes, guesses, teaches, works, washes, mixes, takes, crosses,
rides, cries, catches, stays, lies, brushes, says, sees, wears
二、单选题
1. you have a book?
A.Do B. Does C.Are
答案:A。句子主语是you,且句中含有行为动词have原形,应用狭义助动词do。
2.—Where does Mr. Lin ?
—He in the USA.
A.live, lives B.lived, live C.lives, lives
答案:A。狭义助动词do/does/did之后用行为动词原形,第一空应有live;He是第三人称单数,动词也应用第三人称单词形式lives。
3.The sun in the east and in the west.
A.rises, set B.rise, sets C.rises, sets
答案:C。太阳从东方升起,在西方落下。The sun作为第三人称单数人称,动词用三单。
4.I often a pair of glasses at school.
A.wears B.wear C.wearing
答案:B。I是第一人称单词,且根据often判断此句用一般现在时结构,动词用行为动词原形wear。
5.—Does Peter like to watch TV?
— .
A.Yes, he likes. B.No, he doesn’t C.No, he doesn’t like
答案:B。根据由狭义助动词do/does/did构成的一般疑问句,肯定回答用:Yes, 人称代词+do/does/did,否定回答用:No, 人称代词+don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。
6.She usually her friends. They often tea.
A.see, drink B. sees, drinks C. sees, drink
答案:C。she作为第三人称单数人称,行为动词用相应的三单形式;they作为复数人称,行为动词用原形即可。
7.She tea, but he .
A.likes, doesn’t B. like, don’t C.like, doesn’t
答案:A。人称代词she、he都是第三人称单数,行为动词用三单,否定时用狭义助动词does。
8.— your friend swimming?
—No, he . He writing stories.
A.Does, like, doesn’t, likes
B.Does, likes, doesn’t, like
C.Do, like, don’t, likes
答案:A。疑问句中主语your friend是三单人称,用狭义助动词does;he作为第三人称单数,也是用狭义助动词does否定,肯定句中用行为动词的三单形式。
9.Tom is a worker. He in a factory. His sisters in a hospital.
A.work, work B.works, works C.works, work
答案:C。He是第三人称单数,谓语动词用三单。His sisters他的姐妹们,是复数人称,谓语动词用原形。
10.He sits down and a rest.
A.having B. have C.has
答案:C。此句and并列的两个动词都是描述主语he的行为,均用动词第三人称单数。
11.The monkey eating bananas very much.
A.like B.likes C.liking
答案:B。The monkey是单数可数名词,相当于第三人称单数,谓语动词用三单。
12.We music and often to music.
A.like, listen B. likes, listens C. like, are listening
答案:A。此句and并列的两个动词都是描述主语we的行为,且we是复数人称,谓语动词一致用行为动词原形。
13.Amy and her sister not often a bike.
A.do, ride B. does, rides C.do, rides
答案:A。此句中主语是Amy and her sister,是复数人称,谓语动词部分否定用狭义助动词do,注意do/does/did之后动词用原形。
14.He often his clothes and some shopping.
A.wash, do B.is washing, is doing C.washes, does
答案:C。此句and并列的两个动词都是描述主语he的行为,均用动词第三人称单数。
15.Her aunt not like .
A.does, swim B. does, swims C. does, swimming
答案:C。此句中主语her aunt是第三人称单数,谓语动词否定时用does,且like doing喜欢做某事。
三、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.He often (have) dinner at home.
答案:has。主语是he,谓语用动词三单,have的三单形式不规则变化has。
2.There (be) some water in the bottle.
答案:is。此句中考核there be句型的就近原则,some water是不可数名词故谓语用is。
3. Mike English every day?(read)
答案:Does, read。主语Mike是第三人称单数,故一般疑问句时由狭义助动词does引导,动词还原。
4.She and I (take) a walk together every evening.
答案:take。此句中主语是she and I,是复数人称,动词用原形。
5.Nike (not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
答案:doesn't go。此句主语Nike是第三人称单数,做否定句时由狭义助动词does+not构成,其后动词还原。
6.The girl (teach) us English on Sundays.
答案:teaches。此句中主语the girl是第三人称单数,teach三单变化符合“以-s, -x, -sh, -ch, -o结尾的动词,在动词后面加-es”原则,变化为teaches。
7.What they often on Sundays? (do)
答案:do,do。此句主语they是复数人称,做疑问句时由“特殊疑问词+狭义助动词do”构成,其后动词还原。
8.David often (play) basketball after school.
答案:plays。主语David是第三人称单数,谓语动词用三单,play符合“元音字母+y结尾的名词,复数直接+s”的单复数变化原则。
9. that old woman a house near the lake?(have)
答案:Does, have。此句中that old man是第三人称单数,构成一般疑问句时借助于狭义助动词does,且其后的动词用原形。
10.My grandfather (live) in that house.
答案:lives。句子主语my grandfather是第三人称单数,谓语动词用三单。
11.Everyone (say) she is a student of the Year 2006.
答案:says。句子everyone是第三人称单数,动词用三单。
12.What time his father the work? (do)
答案:does,do。此句中his father是第三人称单数,构成疑问句时借助于狭义助动词does,且其后的动词用原形。
13.We (not watch) TV on Monday.
答案:don't watch。此句中主语we是复数人称,构成否定句时借助于狭义助动词do+not,其后动词用原形。
14. you your teeth every morning? (brush)
答案:Do,brush。此句中主语you是第二人称,构成一般疑问句时借助于狭义助动词do+not,其后动词用原形。
15.That bat (like) sleeping in the day and (fly) out for food at night.
答案:likes,flies。此句主语that bat是第三人称单数,谓语动词由and连接表并列,都用动词的三单形式。fly符合“以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,要变y为i加-es”的三单变化原则。
16.Every year my parents (give) me a present for my birthday.
答案:give。此句中主语my parents是复数人称,谓语动词用原形。
17. your sister (know) English?
答案:Does,know。此句中your sister是第三人称单数,构成疑问句时借助于狭义助动词does,且其后的动词用原形。
18.How many lessons your classmate (have) on Monday?
答案:does。此句中your classmate是第三人称单数,构成疑问句时借助于狭义助动词does,且其后的动词用原形。
19.The earth (move) round the sun.
答案:moves。句子主语the earth,是第三人称单数,谓语动词也应该用三单,规则变化直接+s。
20.What time his mother (do) the housework?
答案:does,do。此句中his mother是第三人称单数,构成疑问句时借助于狭义助动词does,且其后的动词用原形。
四、题型转换
1.We go to school every morning.
否定句:_____________________________________________________
一般疑问句:_________________________________________________
回答:
答案:We don’t go to school every morning.
Do you go to school every morning?
Yes, we do./ No, we don’t.
2.He speaks English very well.
否定句:_____________________________________________________
一般疑问句:_________________________________________________
回答:
答案:He doesn’t speak English very well.
Does he speak English very well?
Yes, he does./ No, he doesn’t.
3.Amy likes playing computer games.
一般疑问句:_________________________________________________
回答:
答案:Does Amy like playing computer games?
Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.
4.John comes from Canada.
划线提问:
答案:Where does John come from?
5.I want to buy a big green bag.
划线提问:
答案:What do you want to buy.
6.Maria and Jack come to this school on Monday.
划线提问:
答案:When do Maria and Jack come to this school?
7.I like taking photos in the park.
一般疑问句:_________________________________________________
划线提问:
答案:Do you like taking photos in the park?What do you like doing in the park
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