2023英语高考命题总复习----阅读提升（文化习俗与传统节日）

考点八 文化习俗与传统节日

第一步 精准刷题

阅读

A

(2021·江苏高三二模)A competition making up Versailles literature was launched on Sina Weibo recently. So what is Versailles literature?

Actually, the term has nothing to do with the French palace nor with literature. It came from The Rose of Versailles, a Japanese manga series about aristocratic(贵族化的)life at the palace of Versailles in France in the late 18th century, and was coined by a Chinese influencer earlier this year. Known as humblebragging, it is a boast (吹牛) disguised as a complaint. “I have too many houses. How can I decide which one to decorate?” and “I thought I lost weight this morning. So disappointed when I realized it was because I took off the huge diamond ring my boyfriend gave me last night” are some examples of Versailles literature. The intention is to show off-usually things of materialistic values, yet one ought to pretend that's not the point.

As the 19th century English author Jane Austen famously wrote, “Nothing is more deceitful(欺诈的)than the appearance of humility(谦逊)。” The psychology behind humblebragging is to be recognized for one's successes and be liked by others at the same time, according to scholars. In her article titled Why do people hate humblebragging? published in Psychology Today, psychologist Dr Susan Krauss Whitbourne at the University of Massachusetts Amherst noted that humblebragging is a “strategy in pursuit of respect" because it draws attention to one's accomplishments in a circuitous way.

However, studies on social media users show that humblebragging as a self-promotion strategy does not work. In the essay Humblebragging: A distinct and ineffective self-presentation strategy, the University of North Carolina researcher Ovul Sezer and Harvard University scholars Francesca Gino and Michael Norton concluded from their research that humblebraggers are perceived more negatively than straight braggers due to the former's insincerity.

“The critical factor differentiating the two groups of people is sincerity. People don't like braggers, but they at least see them as more sincere than humblebraggers," said Francesca Gino.

So, how can we annoy humblebraggers back? “Just pretend you don't get whatever it is they try to show off,” a netizen advised. “ And respond with genuine sympathy for their complaints.”

1.Which of the following statements is typical of “Versailles literature”？

A. You know who my father is? My father is Li Gang.

B. Got five offers to date. I'm at a loss which to choose.

C. It's a headache how to make my son tidy up his room regularly.

D. I'm fed up with living in the countryside with no shopping malls around.

2.What is the psychology behind humblebragging?

A. To win others' sympathy.

B. To earn others' admiration.

C. To show his/her sincerity.

D. To mask his/her complaint. 3.What does the underlined word “circuitous" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

4.What can't be inferred from the passage?

A. Braggers are relatively more sincere than humblebraggers.

B. Humblebragging is an artificial appearance of being humble.

C. To respond with real sympathy will discourage humblebraggers.

D. If you want to be perceived positively, avoid using Versailles literature.

答案:

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“凡尔赛文学”。

1.B [推理判断题。根据第二段第三句至段尾“Known as humblebragging, it is a boast (吹牛) disguised as a complaint. 'I have too many houses. How can I decide which one to decorate?' and ...yet one ought to pretend that's not the point.”可知，“凡尔赛文学”是指谦虚自夸，是一种伪装成抱怨的自夸，其目的是炫耀－通常是一些具有物质价值的东西。由此可推知，B项(有五个人排着队想和我约会，我都不知道选哪个好。)是教科书式的“凡尔赛文学”。故选B.]

2.B[细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The psychology behind humblebragging is to be recognized for one's successes and be liked others at the same time, according to scholars.”可知，谦虚自夸背后的心理是为了赢得别人的赞赏。故选B.]

3.A[词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“that humblebraging is a 'strategy in pursuit of respect''”并结合上文内容可知，谦虚自夸是用自谦的方式来吹牛，是一种绕弯的方式。由此可推测，circuitous 意为“迂回的”。roundabout“迂回的”；straightforward“直接的”；ambiguous“模棱两可的”；double-edged“模棱两可的；双刃剑的(有利有弊的)”。故选A.]

4.D [推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句中的“People don't like braggers, but they at least see them as more sincere than humblebraggers”可知，A项(吹牛的人要比谦虚自夸者更真诚。)正确；第三段第一句中的“Nothing is more deceitful(欺诈的)than the appearance of humility(谦逊)。”对应B项中的“artificial appearance of being humble(谦虚的假象)”；根据最后一段“So, how can we annoy humblebraggers back? 'Just pretend you don't get whatever it is they try to show off,' a netizen advised. And respond with genuine sympathy for their complaints.'”可知，C项(用真正的同情来回应会让谦虚的吹牛者泄气。)正确；而文中没有提到如何被认可，所以D项(如果你想被正面地看待，避免使用凡尔赛文学。)从文中无法推出。故选D.]

B

(2022·湖南省长沙市长郡中学高三月考)What is art? That's an easy question to answer. Art is a painting, a drawing or a sculpture. Now there are new items to add to the list. Art is a dead shark in a glass case. Art is an unmade bed. Art is a video of a group of people standing completely still for sixty minutes.

A new group of young artists began to produce work that challenged the accepted idea of what art is and the role the artist should play in society. This group came to be known as the YBAs-the Young British Artists. The art of the YBAs does not just stick to painting and sculpture. It uses all kinds of differenl materials to express the feeling of the artist.

Damien Hirst is the most famous of the YBAs. The shark in the box is his work and is meant to express his own fear of dying. The shark stands for death. Right now, it is harmless. But eventually it will come for you. There is nothing to be done about it.

Traditionally, artists have a message. They use their skills to lead us to enlightenment (启迪)。 The message of the YBAs is that they cannot do this. They are just as mixed up and confused as everybody else. A journalist once asked Damien Hirst what his next idea was for an artwork. “I don't know what I'm going to do next. I never know what I'm going to do next,” he replied.

Another YBA, Tracy Emin recently produced a work called “Bed”. This is just her own bed with the sheets disarranged and dirty. And the message?“Look at me-I'm a mess.”

Some artists work with the public in producing their work. Gillian Wearing filmed a group of people dressed as policemen trying to keep still for 60 minutes while standing on top of a table. At the end of that time, the table falls apart and everyone falls to the floor. You can try to be a good citizen and a respectable member of the community. But don't try too hard or the pressure will be too much.

Art mirrors the state of society. In the work of the YBAs we can see a society on the threshold(开端) of the future-a bit worried, a bit excited and wondering what is going to happen next. The YBAs can't guide us, but they can make the journey more interesting.

5.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A. The shark.

B. Death.

C. Damien's artwork.

D. Damien's fear of dying.

6.What can be inferred from Tracy's work “Bed”？

A. She needs to be taken care of.

B. She sees the world as a dirty one.

C. She compares herself to the bed.

D. She hopes for better living conditions.

7.Which of the following refers to a person who tries too hard in Gillian's

work?

A. The table.

B. The floor.

C.60 minutes.

D. The people dressed as policemen.

8. What is the main purpose of the text?

A. To explain what the work of the YBAs is like.

B. To show how the YBAs form ideas for their work.

C. To describe the YBAs as artists full of imagination.

D. To show the YBAs have made a great difference in art.

答案:

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一群英国青年艺术家以及他们的作品形式和意义。

5.B[指代判断题。根据第三段中的“The shark in the box is his work and is meant to express his of dying. The shark stands for death.(《盒子里的鲨鱼》是他的作品，是为了表达他对死亡的恐惧。鲨鱼代表死亡。)”可推知，it 指代代“death”。故选B.]

6.C [推理判断题。根据第五段中的“This is just her own bed with the sheets disarranged and dirty. And the message ?’ Look at me-I'm a mess.'(这只是她自己的床，床单又乱又脏。那信息呢？＇看看我，我一团糟。＇)”可推知，T(特蕾西)是将自己比作床。故选C.]

7.A [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Gillian Wearing filmed a group of people ...the table falls apart and everyone falls to the floor.(吉莉安·韦林拍摄了一群人装扮成警察站在桌子上保持静止60分钟的视频。在这段时间结束时，桌子散了，所有人都倒在了地板上。)”可知，在Gillian的作品中，站在桌子上的人和所站的时间表示压力，桌子则为压力的承受者。故选A.]

8.A [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“A new group of young artists began...be known as the YBAs-the Young British Artists.(一群新的年轻艺术家开始创作作品，挑战了人们对艺术是什么以及艺术家在社会中应该扮演的角色的公认观念。这个团体后来被称为YBAs-英国青年艺术家。)”以及下文中的例子可推知，本文通过三个实例，主要介绍YBAs的作品是什么样的。故选A.]

七选五

(2022·重庆市高三诊断考试)Food is a deeply rooted expression of identity, values and ways of life.  1  That is, eating is an element of common ground in terms of human existence and an experience that brings people together. Food is family treasure in the way recipes are passed on from one generation to another, maintaining family connection and cultural and geographical ancestral links.

Food is an expression. What we cook is an expression of who we are and where we come from.  2  The traditional meals of a place touch on identity and ancestry. Every destination has a dish or cuisine associated with it, which is fixed on culture and identity.

You may not know it, but that is why experiencing the local dishes of a new place usually tops one's to do list in a foreign land.  3  It is one of the interactions and processes of connecting with the people.

Food is symbolic. Home is where the heart is and in sensory response to food, familiar flavor arouses homesickness.  4  The ordinary smell of food takes one back to particular times in the past. The beautiful and merry essence of eating with family and friends from home adds to the pleasant tastes of meals.

5  Food and food habits serve as a culture channel of display of affection and emotional association and the sharing of delicious, nutritional food signals a bridge of closeness and acceptance.

A. Accepting food is hard.

B. Eating food is a universal experience.

C. Food is largely cultural as well as nutritional.

D. Food is therefore a reminder of fond memories of home.

E. Eating a local dish is a way to connect with the local people.

F. Food, however, sometimes gives us bad emotional experiences.

G. This is obvious in how seafood is popular with the coastal people.

1.__________     2. __________     3. __________     4. __________     5. __________    

答案:

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了食物与文化的关系。

1.B [根据下文“That is, eating is an element of common ground in terms of human existence and an experience that brings people together.(也就是说，吃是人类存在的共同基础，是一种让人们走到一起的体验。)”可知，下文是对设空处的解释。B项(吃东西是一种普遍的体验。)切题。故选B.]

2.G [根据上文“What we cook is an expression of who we are and where we come from.(我们所烹饪的食物显示了我们的身份和出处)。”可知，设空处解释食物与人们身份和出处的关系。G项(这从海鲜受沿海人们的喜爱就可以看出。)切题。故选G.]

3.E [根据上文“You may not know it, but that is why experiencing the local dishes of a new place usually tops one's to do list in a foreign land.(你可能不知道，但这就是为什么在异国他乡体验当地美食通常是最重要的事情。)”和下文“It is one of the interactions and processes of connecting with the people.(它是一种与人联系的互动和过程。)”可知，设空处说明当地美食的重要意义是什么。E项(品尝当地菜肴是与当地人交流的一种方式。)切题。故选E.]

4.D [根据上文“Home is where the heart is and in sensory response to food, familiar flavor arouses homesickness.(家是心的所在地，在对食物的感官反应中，熟悉的味道会引起乡愁。)”可知，设空处说明食物和家乡的关系。D项(因此，食物能唤起人们对家乡的美好回忆。)切题。故选D.]

5.C [根据下文可知，食物和饮食习惯是表达情感和情感联系的文化渠道，而分享美味、营养的食物则是亲密和接受的桥梁。C项(食物在很大程度上既是具有文化性的，也是营养的。)切题。故选C.]

第二步  精深学习

阅读

A

(2021·湖北省高三三模)Every day, art comes alive in the Metropolitan Museum of Art and through its exhibitions and events, revealing new ideas and unexpected connections across across cultures. Time And across cultures.

Making The Met 1870-2020

The signature exhibition of The Met's 150th-anniversary year takes visitors on a fascinating journey through the history of one of the world's top cultural institutions. Rarely seen valuable records, photographs, and stories of both behind-the-scenes work and the Museum's community outreach enhance this unique experience.

The New British Galleries

The British Galleries exhibit almost seven hundred works of art, including a large number of new acquisitions, particularly objects made in the nineteenth century that were purchased with this project in mind.

About Time: Fashion And Duration

The Costume Institute's 2020 exhibition tracks a century and a half of fashion-from 1870 to the present-along a troubled timeline, on the occasion of The Met's 150th anniversary. Employing Henri Bergson's concept of la durée (duration) , it explores how clothes generate time-related associations that mix past, present, and future.

Art of Native America: The Charles and Valeric Diker Collection

This splendid exhibition in the Museum's American Wing shows 116 masterworks, ranging in date from the second to the early twentieth century. The diverse works are promised gifts, donations and loans to The Met from the pioneering collectors Charles and Valerie Diker.

1.What makes the exhibition Making The Met 1870-2020 unique?

A. Travelling around the world.

B. Some valuable records, photographs and stories.

C. Photography skills.

D. Diverse masterworks.

2.Which exhibition will you go if you want to know how fashion develops?

A. The New British Galleries.

B. Art of Native America.

C. About Time: Fashion And Duration.

D. Making The Met 1870-2020.

3. What will you appreciate in the exhibition Art of Native America?

A. A statue made in 106.

B. A vase made in 318 BC.

C.A teapot made in 2020.

D.A violin made in 1999.

答案:

篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了英国大都会艺术博物馆里的几个展览和活动

1.B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Rarely seen valuable records, photographs, and stories of both behind-the-scenes work and the Museum's community outreach enhance this unique experience,”可知，一些珍贵的记录、图片和故事使得该展览独一无二。故选B.]

2.C [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The Costume Institute's 2020 exhibition tracks a century and a half of fashion-from1870 to the present”可知，想了解时尚的发展，可以去About Time; Fashion And Duration(关于时间：时尚与隽永)。故选C.]

3.A[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“This splendid exhibition in the Museum's American Wing shows 116 masterworks, ranging in date from the second to the early twentieth century.”可知，该展览展出的是从2世纪至20世纪早期的作品。由此可推知，在该展览上可以欣赏到制作于106年的雕像。故选A.]

B

(2021·八省联考)Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible. The magician is a specially trained actor. He tries to make the audience believe that he has the power to do things which are against the laws of nature.

Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover how the tricks are done. The magician usually depends on his skill with his hands, on his knowledge of psychology, and, sometimes, on mechanical devices(机械装置)。Since magic performance is meant to trick people, the use of psychology is important. The magician must keep people from noticing all the movements of his hands and from thinking about the secret parts of his equipment. He must also lead the audience to draw false conclusions. The magician's success depends on the fact that many things seen by the eye are not the things that matter.

Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear. A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects. For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change colour. What actually happens is that the magician, employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball. While doing this he talks to the audience and waves a brightly coloured cloth with one hand. The audience is too busy watching the cloth and listening to the magician's words to notice that his other hand is hiding the ball.

Another favourite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again. What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else. Then he “magically" makes it appear whole again by displaying(展示)another object that has not been cut or burned.

4. What is the author's main purpose in writing the text?

A. To promote a magic show.

B. To teach people to be magicians.

C. To explain the art of magic.

D. To praise the talents of magicians.

5. Which of the following is important for a successful magic trick?

A. Moving stage equipment.

B. Directing the audience's attention.

C. Applying high technology.

D. Keeping the performance in secret.

6. What does the author focus on in the last two paragraphs?

A. Providing examples.

B. Making a summary.

C. Drawing comparisons,

D. Explaining a concept.

7.What can we infer from the text?

A. Mechanical devices are expensive.

B. Most magicians employ assistants.

C. It takes practice to perform magic.

D. Small objects are magicians' favourite.

答案:

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了魔术的原理以及魔术师在表演过程中所依靠的一些技巧。

4.C[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章前两段讲述了魔术师变魔术的原理，后两段具体介绍了两种基本的魔术技巧。由此可知，文章主要是阐明魔术这门艺术。故选C.]

5.B[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The magician must keep people from noticing ... The magician's success depends on the fact that many things seen by the eye are not the things that matter.”可知，魔术师成败的关键是成功引导观众的注意力。故选B.]

6.A[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“For example”以及最后一段中的“Another favourite trick is to... appear whole again.”可推知，最后两段作者通过举例的方式介绍了两个最常见的魔术案例。故选A.]

7.C [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The magician is a specially trained actor.”，第二段中的“depends on his skill with his hands”，第三段中的“employing quick hand movements”和第四段中的“by quickly hiding it”可推知，魔术表演需要练习。故选C.]

七选五

(2022·山东省威海市高三期中考试)Think of any objects in your house, meals you eat, or gestures you use, and you'll find evidence of culture. Culture has shaped who you are.  1  Here're some tips.

Share your culture's art and techniques. Each culture has its own clothing, music, visual arts, and many more distinguishing characteristics. Other members of your culture will be overjoyed to share or talk about their interests, what they do for fun, and fine works of art they appreciate. This may include traditional artifacts you can find in a museum, but material culture goes far beyond that.  2 

Cook family recipes. It's never too late to learn some recipes from your grandmother's cookbook.  3  During the process, you might remember meals from your childhood or festivals. Just reading a recipe can teach you how much ingredients and kitchen tools have changed.

4  Your city or village may have some cultural events, which you should actively participate in. If you don't know of any in your area, some tribes or ethnic groups in your country almost certainly celebrate major cultural festivals. Travel to these places to get a broader perspective on your culture.

Speak your local dialect. If you know someone who shares your culture but speaks a native tongue better than you, or in other words, in a more authentic way, ask him or her to teach you. Language is an important part of a culture.  5  Plus, if the language is rare in your area, nobody will be able to catch on to what you're talking about.

A. Attend major events and festivals.

B. Travel abroad to celebrate cultural festivals.

C. Smell and taste have a powerful connection to memory.

D. Even a kitchen spoon or a public building is cultural artwork.

E. You should learn more about it and know how you can keep it strong.

F. Many experts argue that language shapes our whole view about the world.

G. They will disappear with time if you do not make efforts to preserve them.

1.__________     2. __________     3. __________     4. __________     5. __________   

答案:

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了是文化塑造了我们，我们应该多了解我们的文化来保持文化强大。

1.E [上文提到想想你家里的任何物品，你吃的食物，或你使用的手势，你就会发现文化的证据。文化塑造了你，结合下文说明了保持文化强大的方法，E项(你应该更多地了解它，知道如何保持它强大。)承上启下。故选E.]

2.D [上文提到你可以在博物馆找到的传统文物，但物质文化远不止于此。D项(即使是一个厨房的勺子或者一个公共建筑也是文化艺术品。)进一步阐明观点。故选D.]

3.C [根据上文“Cook family recipes, It's never too late to learn some recipes from your grandmother's cookbook.(家庭烹饪菜谱。从你祖母的食谱上学习一些做菜方法永远都不晚。)”以及下文“During the process, you might remember meals from your childhood or festivals, Just reading a recipe can teach you how much ingredients and kitchen tools have changed.(在这个过程中，你可能会想起童年或节日里的食物。仅仅是阅读菜谱就可以让你知道食材和厨房工具发生了多大的变化。)”可知，C项(嗅觉和味觉与记忆有很强的联系。)呼应下文。故选C.]

4.A [下文提到你所在的城市或村庄可能会有一些文化活动，你应该积极参与。A项(参加重大活动和节日。)引出下文。故选A.]

5.F[上文提到语言是文化的重要组成部分。F项(许多专家认为语言塑造了我们对世界的整个看法。)承接上文。故选F

在语篇中提升

1.occasion n. ____________________ (A篇第四段)

→occasional adj. ____________________

(1)单句语法填空

①It was the occasion__________ expressing friendship by the two presidents.

②__________ one occasion, she called me in the middle of the night.

③It wouldn't hurt you to help with the housework__________ (occasion).

(2)翻译

It is nice to have everybody here on this occasion.

很高兴____________________大家都来了。

2.range(A篇最后一段)

(1)单句语法填空

①When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed__________ the range of 60 km/h to 120 km/h.

②Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range__________ subjects and view the whole with all its connections.

③For lovers of the great outdoors, activities range from canoeing__________ bird watching.

④The price of the house is so high that it is well__________ our range.

(2)翻译

The farm located in the suburb of our city, has a wide range crops such as vegetables and fruits.

____________________________________________________________________________________________

3.conclusion(B篇第二段)

(1)单句语法填空

①__________conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable, and readily available form of exercise.

②There I go again-jumping__________ conclusions.

(2)翻译

节目结束时我问孩子们是否有要问我的问题。

______________________________,I asked the children if they had any questions they wanted to ask me.

4.characteristic n. __________ adj. ____________________(七选五第二段)

→character n. __________________________________________________

单句语法填空

Among the three__________ in this novel, I adore Hamlet for his special__________.(character)

答案:

1.时候；场合；机会；事件；原因 偶尔的；偶然的；临时的 在这／那种场合下 做某事的时机 做某事的理由 偶尔；有时

(1)单句语法填空

①for  ②On  ③occasionally

(2)翻译

在这个场合

2.一系列；范围 一系列在·范围内 某人能力达不到的(在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列 在····范围内变动

(1)单句语法填空

①within/in  ②of  ③lo  ④beyond

(2)翻译

这个农场位于我们城市的郊区，种植着蔬菜和水果等多种农作物。

3.结论，推论 匆忙、贸然下结论得出结论 结束讨论 最后，总之 断定，推断出结束

(1)单句语法填空

①In  ②to

(2)翻译

At the conclusion of the programme

4.特征，特点 典型的，独特的，特有的品质，性格；特点；人物，角色；文字

单句语法填空

characters; characteristics